DE202021004233U1 - composite pane - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite pane (100) at least comprising
- an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II),
- a first intermediate layer (3),
- a hologram element (4),
- an electrochromic functional element (5) and
- An inner pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), the hologram element (4) being arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), the first intermediate layer (3) between the outer pane ( 1) and the hologram element (4) or between the inner pane (2) and the hologram element (4), the electrochromic functional element (5) in a region of the composite pane (100) as a coating on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane (1 ) is arranged and the hologram element (4) is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane (100) completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element (5) is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a composite pane, in particular for a holographic head-up display.

Composite glazing is used in many places today, particularly in vehicle construction. The term vehicle includes, among other things, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machines or also work equipment.

Composite panes are also used in other areas. These include, for example, building glazing or information displays, e.g. in museums or as advertising displays.

Composite panes are often also used as a display, in particular as a head-up display (HUD), for displaying information. An image is projected onto the laminated glass panes by means of a projection device in order to display information in the viewer's field of vision. In the vehicle area, the projection device is arranged on the dashboard, for example, so that the projected image is reflected in the direction of the viewer on the closest glass surface of the laminated glass pane inclined towards the viewer (cf. e.g. the European patent EP 0 420 228 B1 or the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 211 729 A1 ).

In the DE 10 2012 019 506 A1 discloses a laminated pane having a display screen and an electrochromic layer embedded between the two panes of the laminated pane or bonded to the inside of the laminated pane.

CN 109521570A discloses a head-up display having a screen with a transflexive layer and an electrochromic material.

Holograms that are laminated between the panes of a composite pane can be used for head-up displays. The hologram may contain information recorded thereon. The hologram can be activated by means of light emitted by a projector and the information recorded in the hologram can thus be reproduced for the viewer. For example, head-up displays based on the principle of holography are in the publications WO 2012/156124 A1 , US 2019/0056596 A1 , U.S. 10,394,032 B2 , U.S. 10,061,069 B2 and U.S. 2015/205138 A1 disclosed.

There are different types of holograms. These include, for example, reflection holograms or holograms that are based on the principle of guiding light waves in the hologram, so-called waveguides or waveguide holograms.

The components of the head-up display must always be arranged in a vehicle in such a way that the viewer can see the projected image, which inevitably entails restrictions on the arrangement in the vehicle, since the reflection of light rays on the reflective surface of the vehicle window of the The condition is that the angle of incidence corresponds to the angle of reflection.

When designing a head-up display, care must also be taken to ensure that the projector has a correspondingly high output, so that the projected image has sufficient brightness, especially when sunlight is incident, and can be easily recognized by the viewer. This requires a certain size of the projector and is associated with a corresponding power consumption and operational heat development.

In addition, with heads-up displays, it is difficult to protect users' privacy because the screens used are transparent from both sides. Pedestrian safety must also be ensured by avoiding glare.

In EP 0 950 913 B1 discloses a device for improving the contrast of the display of a head-up display in a motor vehicle, the windshield being darkly tinted at a certain spatial angle as viewed from the vehicle driver, and information displayed by means of a head-up display for the vehicle driver in this certain solid angles are visible. The specific solid angle in which the windshield is darkened lies outside the vehicle driver's usual field of vision, which he usually has to see when driving a motor vehicle.

The patent specification DE 42 42 797 C2 discloses a head-up display system for displaying vehicle information, with a reflective hologram plate with which the display light can be deflected onto the vehicle driver, the hologram plate being arranged in the lower area of the windshield of the vehicle and an anti-intrusion device on the back of the hologram plate from outside light in the hologram shielding dark film or a layer of black ceramic paint is provided. In order not to restrict the driver's field of vision, the hologram plate is attached to the lower part of the windscreen.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated pane with a hologram element.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane according to claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a laminated pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a first intermediate layer, a hologram element and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface.

According to the invention, the laminated pane has an electrochromic functional element which is arranged in a region of the laminated pane as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane.

In the laminated pane according to the invention, the hologram element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, and the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element or between the hologram element and the inner pane.

According to the invention, the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane.

The outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface, i.e. an outer surface, and an interior side surface, i.e. an inner surface, as described above, and a peripheral side edge extending therebetween. Within the meaning of the invention, the outer surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position. Within the meaning of the invention, inner surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position. The inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face each other in the laminated pane according to the invention.

• Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite I bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite II bezeichnet. Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite III bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite IV bezeichnet.

The surfaces of the glass panes are typically designated as follows:

• The outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I. The surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II. The outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III. The interior surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.

If the laminated pane is intended to separate an interior space from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle or a building, the inner pane within the meaning of the invention refers to the pane facing the interior (vehicle interior). The outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.

It goes without saying that looking through the laminated pane means looking through from the outside environment or looking through from the interior.

A reflection hologram or a waveguide hologram that is arranged within a hologram element is referred to as a hologram. The hologram element refers to the holographic medium in which the hologram is contained. The hologram element includes a photosensitive material. A hologram can be recorded in this photosensitive material by exposure to a suitable light source. In the finished laminated pane, the material of the hologram element is no longer sensitive to light, since the photosensitive material is changed to such an extent during the process that it is no longer possible to record a hologram. The term hologram element refers to both the unexposed photosensitive material hologram element and the final hologram recorded hologram element. According to the invention, the final hologram element comprises at least one hologram, but preferably several individual holograms.

The hologram element comprises a holographic material and can additionally optionally comprise a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer. Suitable holographic materials are known to those skilled in the art. Suitable first and second substrate layers are also known to those skilled in the art.

The hologram element preferably comprises a photopolymer, dichromated gelatin or silver halides as holographic material.

If the hologram element comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, the hologram element preferably comprises a first substrate layer and a second substrate layer in addition to the photopolymer, with the photopolymer preferably being arranged between the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer. Hologram elements with a between two substrate layers attached arranged photopolymer are for example in U.S. 2019/0101865 A1 described.

In one embodiment, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element.

In a further embodiment, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.

In a further embodiment, the hologram element comprises dichromated gelatin or silver halide as the holographic material and is formed as a coating on the outer surface of the inner pane. In this embodiment, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the hologram element and the outer pane.

It goes without saying that in the embodiments in which the hologram element comprises dichromated gelatin or silver halide as holographic material, the dichromated gelatin or silver halide does not necessarily have to be formed as a coating on the outer surface of the inner pane. Dichromated gelatin or silver halide as holographic material can, for example, also be applied to a first substrate layer, so that the hologram element comprises the holographic material and a first substrate layer, or can be arranged between a first and a second substrate layer, so that the hologram element comprises the holographic material and a first Includes substrate layer and a second substrate layer.

In embodiments in which the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the composite pane can optionally have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.

According to the invention is therefore also a composite pane, at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, a hologram element, an electrochromic functional element and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the hologram element between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the second intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a region of the composite pane as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and the hologram element is arranged vertically View through the laminated pane is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged.

The first intermediate layer is preferably a thermoplastic intermediate layer or an optically clear adhesive, a so-called optical clear adhesive (OCA).

Suitable optically clear adhesives, so-called optically clear adhesives (OCA), are known to the person skilled in the art.

In the embodiments in which the first intermediate layer is designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer, the first intermediate layer preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) , very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.

Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more supple and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range. Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor. Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of triethylene or tetraethylene glycol. Plasticizers 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7 are particularly preferably used, the first digit designating the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit designating the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid part of the compound. Thus 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), ie for a compound of the formula C ₄ H ₉ CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) CO (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ O ₂ CCH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) C _{4 H9} .

In these embodiments, the first intermediate layer designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 40% by weight % of a plasticizer. The plasticizer preferably contains or consists of triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).

More preferably, in these embodiments, the first intermediate layer configured as a thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight and for example at least 97% by weight, of polyvinyl butyral.

The thickness of the first intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

As described above, in embodiments in which the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the laminated pane can optionally have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.

The second interlayer is preferably a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

Suitable optically clear adhesives, so-called optically clear adhesives (OCA), are known to the person skilled in the art.

In the embodiments in which the second intermediate layer is designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) , very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.

The thickness of the second intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

The electrochromic functional element preferably extends over at least 5%, particularly preferably over at least 10%, very particularly preferably over at least 50%, in particular over at least 90% of the area of the laminated pane. The electrochromic functional element can also extend over the entire surface of the composite pane or essentially over the entire surface, i.e. the entire surface minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm, which is usually covered by a frame-like dark masking print. A full-area or essentially full-area arrangement of the electrochromic functional element offers advantages in production.

In a preferred embodiment, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in an edge area of the composite pane, preferably in a lower edge area of the composite pane. The edge area typically borders on the edge of the pane of the laminated pane. This embodiment is particularly suitable if the laminated pane is used as a windshield of a vehicle, since the arrangement in the lower edge area of the laminated pane reduces the transmission in the main viewing area of the vehicle driver even when the electrochromic functional element is activated and the degree of transmission in the region of the electrochromic functional element is reduced as a result is not affected.

As described above, according to the invention, the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane. The electrochromic functional element is therefore at least as large in terms of its external dimensions as the hologram element.

In one embodiment, the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element correspond to the external dimensions of the hologram element. In this embodiment, the electrochromic functional element and the hologram element are arranged flush one above the other in a vertical view through the laminated pane.

However, it is also possible for the hologram element to have smaller external dimensions than the electrochromic functional element, i.e. the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element to be larger than the external dimensions of the hologram element.

Due to the arrangement of the hologram element in a vertical view through the composite pane completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in front of the hologram element when viewed from the outside through the composite pane.

In the activated state of the electrochromic functional element, the transparency of the electrochromic functional element is reduced. Since the electrochromic functional element is arranged as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and is therefore arranged in front of the hologram element when viewed from the outside through the composite pane, the projected image has and is of sufficient brightness when the electrochromic functional element is activated, in particular when sunlight is incident easily recognizable by the viewer.

The composite pane according to the invention solves the problem of the high contrast requirements of images that are generated on or behind the glass by using the holography principle in combination with an electrochromic functional element with which the optical properties of the pane can be controlled.

A higher contrast for the generated image is achieved if the transparency of the laminated pane is reduced with the aid of the electrochromic functional element. This drastically reduces the required projector power, which can also lead to a reduction in the size of the projector and thus enables it to be used in a limited space, e.g. in cars. Because less light is required, less heat is generated. In addition, the energy consumption of the projector decreases, which can have a positive effect on the range of electric vehicles in particular.

In addition, the invention enables the privacy of users of holographic image displays to be protected. By adjusting the optical property, i.e. transparency, of the pane by the electrochromic functional element, pedestrians outside the vehicle cannot see the images displayed on the glass. In addition, the combination of an electrochromic functional element and a hologram element avoids dazzling pedestrians, which can be caused by transmitted laser or light beams from the projector.

The invention is a combination of an electrochromic functional element and a hologram element in a laminated glass. This combination enables a privacy function for display applications based on the holographic principle when the electrochromic functional element is activated and thus the amount of transmitted light is reduced . This helps exploit diffuse reflections of the holographic material for applications such as transparent screens that are not visible to people outside the car. In addition, a switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element increases the contrast of the image generated by the hologram. This helps to reduce projector requirements and/or increase the viewable area.

A switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element offers the advantage that the degree of transmission can be controlled. Intermediate gradations between a state of transparency and a state of non-transparency are thus possible. The degree of transparency can thus be chosen as a function of the degree of solar radiation and/or the projector output.

An electrochromic functional element generally comprises at least one electrochemically active layer that is capable of reversibly storing charges. The oxidation states in the stored and stored state differ in their coloring, with one of these states being transparent. The storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference. The basic structure of an electrochromic element thus comprises at least one electrochromic material, such as tungsten oxide, which is in contact with both a surface electrode and a charge source, such as an ion-conductive electrolyte. In addition, the electrochromic layer structure contains a counter-electrode, which is also capable of reversibly storing cations and is in contact with the ion-conductive electrolyte, as well as a further surface electrode which is connected to the counter-electrode. The surface electrodes are connected to an external voltage source, which allows the voltage applied to the active layer and thus also the coloring to be regulated. The surface electrodes are usually thin layers of electrically conductive material, often indium tin oxide (ITO).

Suitable electrochromic functional elements which the laminated pane according to the invention can have are known to the person skilled in the art. These can, for example, as in US5321544 , US5404244 , US7372610B2 , US7593154B2 , WO 2012/007334 A1 , WO 2017/102900 A1 or US20120026573A1 revealed to be constructed.

The surface electrodes are preferably transparent. The surface electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The electrically conductive layers particularly preferably contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum and/or a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide or gallium doped zinc oxide.

In a preferred embodiment, the surface electrodes comprise a transparent conductive oxide, the surface electrodes having a total thickness of 20 nm to 2 μm, particularly preferably from 50 nm to 1 μm, very particularly preferably from 100 nm to 600 nm and in particular from 300 nm to 500 nm exhibit. This results in an advantageous electrical contacting of the active layer and a good horizontal conductivity of the layers is achieved.

The advantage of using an electrochromic functional element compared to using a PDLC functional element (PDLC=polymer dispersed liquid crystal) is that the degree of transmission can be controlled. Intermediate gradations between a state of transparency and a state of non-transparency are thus possible.

The hologram element is preferably between 10 μm and 500 μm thick, particularly preferably between 10 μm and 100 μm thick.

The optional first substrate layer and the optional second substrate layer are independently, for example, 35 µm (microns) to 60 µm thick and contain, for example, polyamide (PA), cellulose triacetate (TAC), and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

If the hologram element comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, this is preferably 10 μm to 100 μm, for example 16 μm, thick. Suitable photopolymers are known to those skilled in the art.

The first intermediate layer and the optional second intermediate layer can be formed independently of one another by a single film or by more than one film.

The first intermediate layer and/or the optional second intermediate layer can independently of one another also be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties, an intermediate layer which reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer which absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer which absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer which is colored at least in sections and /or an at least partially tinted intermediate layer. For example, the first intermediate layer or the second intermediate layer can also be a belt filter film.

The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes. However, the panes can also be made from other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or alumino-silicate glass, or from rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. The panes can be clear or tinted or tinted. If the composite pane is used as a windshield, the outer pane and the inner pane should have sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably curved, ie they have a curvature.

The outer pane, the inner pane, the first intermediate layer and/or the second intermediate layer can have suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings. In the case of sun protection coatings, coatings that are as spectrally neutral as possible are preferred.

The thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The outer pane and the inner pane preferably have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, very particularly preferably 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm. For example, the outer pane has a thickness of 2.1 mm and the inner pane has a thickness of 1.6 mm. However, the outer pane or in particular the inner pane can also be thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.

The laminated pane according to the invention can comprise one or more additional intermediate layers, in particular functional intermediate layers. An additional intermediate layer can be, in particular, an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer that reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer that is colored at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections. If several additional intermediate layers are present, these can also have different functions.

A laminated pane according to the invention can additionally include a cover print, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel. The masking print is in particular a peripheral, i.e. frame-like, masking print. The peripheral masking print primarily serves as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the laminated pane. The cover print can be opaque and full-surface. The cover print can also be semi-transparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot grid, stripe grid or checkered grid. Alternatively, the covering print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semi-transparent covering.

The invention also includes a projection arrangement for displaying information for an observer, at least comprising a laminated pane according to the invention and a projector which is directed onto the hologram element from the inside. The composite pane according to the invention can be designed as described above in the various embodiments.

The projector of the projection arrangement emits light with wavelengths to which the hologram or, if more than one hologram is present, the holograms of the hologram element respond.

1. a) eine Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche und einem in einem Bereich als Beschichtung der Innenfläche angeordneten elektrochromen Funktionselement, eine erste Zwischenschicht, eine Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche und ein Hologrammelement bereitgestellt werden,
2. b) ein Schichtenstapel gebildet wird, in dem das Hologrammelement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement oder zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement in Durchsicht vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist,
3. c) der Schichtenstapel durch Lamination verbunden wird.

A laminated pane according to the invention can be produced by a method for producing a laminated pane, wherein at least:

1. a) an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface and an electrochromic functional element arranged in one area as a coating of the inner surface, a first intermediate layer, an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface and a hologram element are provided,
2. b) a layer stack is formed in which the hologram element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element or between the inner pane and the hologram element and the hologram element is arranged completely within the area when viewed through, in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged,
3. c) the layer stack is connected by lamination.

It goes without saying that in step b) looking through means looking through the stack of layers.

The hologram element can contain, for example, dichromated gelatin or silver halides or a photopolymer as the holographic material as described above.

The hologram element can be provided in step a) as an unexposed hologram element from photosensitive material or as the final hologram element with a recorded hologram. Thus, in step b) the stacking sequence can also be formed and in step c) the lamination with the unexposed hologram element or with the final hologram element with a recorded hologram element can take place. It goes without saying that when the unexposed hologram element is provided in step a), the method comprises the recording of at least one hologram in the hologram element as an additional step after the lamination of the layer stack.

As explained in the individual embodiments of the composite pane according to the invention, the hologram element can optionally include a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer in addition to a holographic material.

For the production of laminated panes according to the invention, in which the hologram element is arranged between a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, the method additionally comprises in step a) the provision of the second intermediate layer and in step b) a layer stack is formed in which the hologram element is between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the second intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element and the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged when viewed through,

The stacking sequence can be laminated using common lamination processes. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours. Alternatively, autoclave-free processes are also possible. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C. The stack sequence can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heatable and evacuatable chambers in which the outer pane and the inner pane are laminated within about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.

The configurations described above in connection with the composite pane according to the invention also apply in the same way to the method.

A composite pane according to the invention with a holographic element and an electrochromic functional element can be used as interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, in particular as a vehicle pane in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and in particular as Windshield that serves as a projection screen.

The composite pane according to the invention is preferably used as a windshield of a vehicle for autonomous driving.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100,
• 2 einen Querschnitt durch die in der 1 gezeigte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100,
• 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100,
• 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100,
• 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100,
• 6 einen Querschnitt durch die in der 5 gezeigte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100,
• 7 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100,
• 8 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100, und
• 9 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verfahrens anhand eines Flussdiagramms.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way. Show it:

• 1 a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention,
• 2 a cross section through the in the 1 shown configuration of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
• 3 a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
• 4 a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
• 5 a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention,
• 6 a cross section through the in the 5 shown configuration of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
• 7 a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention,
• 8th a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention, and
• 9 an embodiment of a method based on a flowchart.

1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention and in FIG 2 is the cross section through the in the 1 shown embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention along the section line XX`. In the in the 1 In the embodiment shown, the laminated pane 100 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U and two side edges S. Like in the 2 shown, the laminated pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, a first intermediate layer 3, a hologram element 4, an electrochromic functional element 5 and an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV 1 and 2 In the embodiment shown, the hologram element 4 is arranged over the entire surface between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2, the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged over the entire surface between the outer pane 1 and the hologram element 4 and the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged over the entire surface as a coating on the inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and for example as in US7372610B2 described.

The outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner pane 2 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.

The first intermediate layer 3 is in the 1 and 2 embodiment shown, for example, a thermoplastic intermediate layer and consists, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and is 0.76 mm thick.

The hologram element 4 is in the 1 and 2 The embodiment shown consists, for example, of a dichromated gelatine as the holographic material, which is formed as a coating on the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 and has a thickness of, for example, 100 μm. Alternatively, the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 can also be coated with a silver halide as a hologram element 4 . Optionally, the hologram element 4 can also comprise a substrate layer in addition to the holographic material, the substrate layer being arranged directly adjacent to the first intermediate layer 3 .

The in the 1 and 2 The embodiment shown of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle for autonomous driving.

In the 3 a cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention is shown. The one in the 3 Composite pane 100 shown in cross section differs from that in FIG 2 shown to the effect that the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the hologram element 4 .

In the 4 a cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention is shown. The one in the 4 composite pane 100 shown in cross section differ det from the in the 3 shown to the effect that a second intermediate layer 6 is arranged between the hologram element 4 and the outer pane 1 . In the in the 4 In the embodiment shown, the hologram element 4 is preferably a hologram element that comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, which is arranged between two substrate layers (in FIG 4 not shown in detail). In the in the 4 In the embodiment shown, the first intermediate layer 3 and the second intermediate layer 6 are, for example, thermoplastic intermediate layers containing polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and are each 0.38 mm thick, for example. Alternatively, the first intermediate layer 3 can also be an optically clear adhesive (OCA) and/or the second intermediate layer 6 can be an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

5 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention and in FIG 6 is the cross section through the in the 5 shown configuration of a composite pane 100 according to the invention along the section line XX `. The in the 5 and 6 illustrated embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention differs from that in FIGS 1 and 2 illustrated in particular to the effect that the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged only in a lower edge region of the composite pane, directly adjacent to the bottom edge U of the composite pane 100 . The area in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is applied as a coating on the inside II of the outer pane 1 is in the 5 provided with the reference symbol C and the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element 5 are shown in dotted lines. The area in which the hologram element 4 is arranged is provided with the reference symbol D and the outer dimensions of the hologram element 4 are shown in broken lines. How from the 5 As can be seen, the hologram element 4 is smaller than the electrochromic functional element 5 in terms of its external dimensions and, viewed vertically through the laminated pane 100, is arranged completely within the region C, ie completely within the region in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged.

It goes without saying that the layer sequence of the individual layers between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 can alternatively also be analogous to those in FIGS 3 and 4 shown layer sequence no.

The in the 5 and 6 The embodiment shown of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle. Due to the fact that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only arranged in a lower edge area of the laminated pane 100, the legally required transparency of the laminated pane 100 in the main field of vision of the vehicle driver is still given even when the electrochromic functional element 5 is activated.

7 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention 7 The configuration shown differs from the configurations shown above in that the electrochromic functional element 5 and the hologram element 4 have the same external dimensions, are arranged flush one above the other in a vertical view through the composite pane and are arranged in a lower edge region of the composite pane 100. The area C in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged and the area D in which the hologram element 4 is arranged are therefore congruent.

In the 7 The embodiment shown of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle. Due to the fact that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only arranged in a lower edge area of the laminated pane 100, the legally required transparency of the laminated pane 100 in the main field of vision of the vehicle driver is still given even when the electrochromic functional element 5 is activated.

8th shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention 8th shown embodiment differs from that in FIG 7 shown only in that both the electrochromic functional element 5 and the hologram element 4 extend over the entire surface minus a peripheral edge region of, for example, 20 mm.

The one in the 8th The embodiment shown of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle for autonomous driving.

P1

Bereitstellung einer Außenscheibe 1 mit einer Außenfläche I und einer Innenfläche II und einem in einem Bereich als Beschichtung der Innenfläche II angeordneten elektrochromen Funktionselement 5, einer ersten Zwischenschicht 3, einer Innenscheibe 2 mit einer Außenfläche III und einer Innenfläche IV und eines Hologrammelements 4.

P2

Bildung eines Schichtenstapels, in dem das Hologrammelement 4 zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der Innenscheibe 2 angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht 3 zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und dem Hologrammelement 4 oder zwischen der Innenscheibe 2 und dem Hologrammelement 4 angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement 4 in Durchsicht vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 angeordnet ist.

P3

Verbinden des Schichtenstapels durch Lamination.

9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method for producing a composite pane 100 according to the invention using a flowchart, comprising the steps:

P1

Provision of an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II and an electrochromic functional element 5 arranged in a region as a coating of the inner surface II, a first intermediate layer 3, an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV and a hologram element 4.

p2

Formation of a layer stack in which the hologram element 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2, the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the hologram element 4 or between the inner pane 2 and the hologram element 4 and the hologram element 4 is completely visible when viewed through is arranged within the area in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged.

P3

Joining the stack of layers by lamination.

Reference List

1

outer pane

2

inner pane

3

first intermediate layer

4

hologram element

5

electrochromic functional element

6

second intermediate layer

100

composite pane

I

Outer surface of the outer pane 1

II

Inner surface of the outer pane 1

III

Outer surface of inner pane 2

IV

Inner surface of inner pane 2

C

Area of the electrochromic functional element

D

Area of the hologram element

O

top edge

u

bottom edge

S

side edge

X-X`

cutting line

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 0420228 B1 [0004]
• DE 102012211729 A1 [0004]
• DE 102012019506 A1 [0005]
• CN 109521570A [0006]
• WO 2012/156124 A1 [0007]
• US 2019/0056596 A1 [0007]
• US 10394032 B2 [0007]
• US10061069B2 [0007]
• US2015205138A1 [0007]
• EP 0950913 B1 [0012]
• DE 4242797 C2 [0013]
• US 2019/0101865 A1 [0027]
• US5321544 [0059]
• US5404244 [0059]
• US 7372610 B2 [0059, 0086]
• US 7593154 B2 [0059]
• WO 2012/007334 A1 [0059]
• WO 2017/102900 A1 [0059]
• US 20120026573 A1 [0059]

Claims (13)

Composite pane (100) at least comprising - an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), - a first intermediate layer (3), - a hologram element (4), - an electrochromic functional element (5) and - an inner pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), the hologram element (4) being arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), the first intermediate layer (3) between the outer pane ( 1) and the hologram element (4) or between the inner pane (2) and the hologram element (4), the electrochromic functional element (5) in a region of the composite pane (100) as a coating on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane (1 ) is arranged and the hologram element (4) is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane (100) completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element (5) is arranged. Composite pane after claim 1 , wherein the hologram element (4) comprises a holographic material and optionally a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer. Composite pane (100) according to claim 2 wherein the holographic material comprises a photopolymer, dichromated gelatin or silver halides. Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , wherein the first intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the inner pane (2) and the hologram element (4). Composite pane (100) according to claim 2 , wherein the hologram element (4) comprises dichromated gelatine or silver halide as the holographic material and is formed as a coating on the outer surface (III) of the inner pane (2) and the first intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the hologram element (4). is. Composite pane (100) according to claim 4 , additionally comprising a second intermediate layer (6) which is arranged between the hologram element (4) and the outer pane (1). Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 wherein the first interlayer (3) is a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA). Composite pane (100) according to claim 6 wherein the second interlayer (6) is a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA). Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , wherein the electrochromic functional element (5) and the hologram element (4) extend over at least 5%, preferably over at least 10%, particularly preferably over at least 50%, very particularly over at least 90% of the surface of the laminated pane (100). Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 9 , wherein the electrochromic functional element (5) is arranged in an edge area of the composite pane (100), preferably in a lower edge area of the composite pane (100). Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 , wherein the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element (5) correspond to the external dimensions of the hologram element (4). Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 , wherein the outer dimensions of the electrochromic functional element (5) are larger than the outer dimensions of the hologram element (4). Projection arrangement comprising a composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 12 and a projector aimed at the hologram element (4) from inside.

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