DE19610382C2 - Combi engine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a combination engine.

The invention has for its object the efficiency of a conventional internal combustion engine (four-stroke, two-stroke, Ben gas, gas or diesel engine) to increase or the fuel ver need to reduce.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the patent claim 1 solved.  

According to the invention, the heat that is due to the motorge house cooling must be dissipated, as well as the heat caused by Cooling of the exhaust gases to temperatures from 30 to 50 ° C above vice versa exercise temperature can be obtained for preheating, evaporation and overheating water. However, the invention is intended without prejudice to the fact that in the request for protection only ever Water is obtained, also for other media such. B. Ammonia or a coolant apply.

The regulation takes place via fuel supply valves and Steam inlet and steam outlet valves of the steam cylinder (s) of the steam engine part, by a steam storage valve, a Steam accumulator, a steam discharge valve, a steam supply valve, one Feed water tank and a condensate and feed water pump.

From the document DE 25 58 919 C2, a drive unit for driving vehicles has become known, in which an internal combustion engine and steam engine system is combined and is characterized by the following features:

• 1. The internal combustion engine works with a fuel-air ratio between approximately 0.075 and 0.12 kg fuel / kg air,
  • a steam generator is operated by heat exchange with the completely burned exhaust gases,
  • a steam engine as an additional drive machine converts the steam generated into mechanical energy,
  • a device mechanically couples the internal combustion engine and the steam engine,
  • the internal combustion engine of the drive unit has a stroke volume which is only about half that of a pure internal combustion engine unit and has about the same output as the entire drive unit,
  • - the internal combustion engine and the steam engine give approximately the same output in the case of continuous operation,
  • - The internal combustion engine works at normal cruising speed of the driven vehicle with a relatively high mean cylinder pressure close to maximum fuel economy.

However, the performance of the internal combustion engine is 50% of the total drive unit limited, which is due to the higher efficiencies of modern Internal combustion engines is unrealistic. Furthermore, suitable facilities such as. B. connecting lines between the steam accumulator and the condenser for power regulation.  

The combi engine according to the invention reduces the inherent disadvantages of the combustion engine, namely the low efficiency and the high pollutant emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (especially in the two-stroke engine) and NO _x . The low efficiency of the internal combustion engine leads to very high exhaust gas temperatures, which increase again in today's catalytic converters, especially when the content of unburned hydrocarbons is high. At the same time, however, the disadvantage inherent in the steam engine is reduced according to the invention, namely its low efficiency, which is due, among other things, to the steam temperatures and pressures which are limited as a result of the materials available.

The efficiency of the combination engine according to the invention is essential Lich higher than that of conventional combustion or Steam engines. The pollutant emission concentrations are too at least as low as with conventional combustion engines ren, while due to the high efficiency the pollutant emissions in relation to the power output are significantly low lying.

According to the invention, it can be useful if the common Crankshaft between the two engine parts separated and here is connected to each other by a gear. It can be be a fixed or variable gear.

It can also be advantageous if the exhaust gas heat exchanger a catalytic converter is connected. The The catalytic converter then ensures the combustion of the still unburned fuel.

For increasing the output and regulating the output of the steam engine part it is useful if in front of the catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe a fuel supply line opens. That extra focal fabric can be injected or injected.

In the drawing is an exemplary embodiment the invention shown as a block diagram.  

Depending on the cycle, the fuel (gasoline, diesel, gas) and the air (separately or together (in this case one valve ( 7 ) or valve ( 8 ) are sufficient) pass through at least one valve ( 7 ) and one valve ( 8 ). In at least one cylinder ( 1 ) of a conventional internal combustion engine part, there may be ignition by a spark plug ( 30 ), and the exhaust gas is passed through at least one valve ( 9 ) via an exhaust pipe ( 25 ) in the direction of an exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ) Only after the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ), as usual, does the exhaust gas be released to the environment via a silencer ( 21 ) .If necessary, a silencer ( 21 ) can be dispensed with if the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ) is designed accordingly.

From a preferably air-cooled condenser ( 14 ), the condensate is conveyed by means of a condensate pump ( 15 ) into a feed water tank ( 16 ) which also serves as a water reservoir for the closed water-steam cycle. Pressure changes in the feed water tank ( 16 ) as a result of water being stored or discharged can be compensated for via a valve ( 17 ) (steam outlet to the condenser ( 14 )) or a valve ( 23 ) (steam supply from a steam store ( 13 )). The condensate is drawn in as feed water from the feed water tank ( 16 ) by means of a feed water pump ( 18 ), brought to subcritical or supercritical pressure and pressed through the engine block jacket ( 6 ) for cooling. The feed water is heated and possibly partially evaporated. It then flows to the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ), where it is completely evaporated and possibly overheated. From the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ), the water vapor flows completely or largely depending on the cycle to at least one steam cylinder ( 3 ) whose inflow is regulated via at least one valve ( 10 ) or via a steam storage valve ( 24 ) to a steam accumulator ( 13 ). The steam is sucked out of the steam cylinder (s) ( 3 ) via at least one valve ( 11 ) to the condenser ( 14 ). In addition to the intermediate storage of the steam during the suction of the steam to the capacitor, excess steam from the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ) can also be temporarily stored in the steam accumulator ( 13 ) via the steam accumulator valve ( 24 ) or can be removed and removed from the accumulator with increased consumption the steam storage valve ( 24 ) and the valve (s) ( 10 ) are supplied to the steam cylinder (s) ( 3 ).

Steam accumulator ( 13 ) and steam storage valve ( 24 ), feed water tank ( 16 ), steam drain valve ( 17 ) and steam supply valve ( 23 ) serve to flexibly regulate the pressure in the water-steam system and the power of the steam engine part. In addition to the power requirement P, a controller ( 22 ) processes various measurement signals such as speed n, angle ϕ, temperatures, pressures and mass flows, which are not all entered in the figure. In addition to the valves ( 7 ), ( 8 ), ( 9 ), ( 17 ), ( 23 ), ( 24 ) and ( 29 ) there are also the condensate pump ( 15 ), feed water pump ( 18 ), steam inlet valve (s) ( 10 ) , Steam outlet valve (s) ( 11 ) Actuators greed control.

The piston (s) ( 2 ) of the conventional internal combustion engine partly act in the same way as the piston (s) ( 4 ) of the steam engine, partly via connecting rods, on a common crankshaft ( 5 ). A gear ( 28 ) can also be arranged between the crankshaft of the conventional internal combustion engine part and the steam engine part. A gear with a constant transmission ratio can preferably be used. A variable transmission offers an additional possibility for a controller intervention for performance adjustment.

To increase the power share of the steam engine, fuel can be injected temporarily or continuously in a nozzle ( 19 ) in front of a catalyst ( 20 ) in the exhaust pipe ( 25 ) before the heat exchanger ( 12 ). In the catalytic converter, this fuel is burned together with unburned fuel from the conventional internal combustion engine part.

Reference list

1

Cylinder of the conventional internal combustion engine part

2nd

Piston dto.

3rd

Cylinder of the steam engine part

4th

Piston dto.

5

crankshaft

6

Engine cooling jacket

7

Fuel inlet valve or inlet valves for air-fuel mixture

8th

Air inlet valve or inlet valves for air-fuel mixture

9

Exhaust outlet valve

10th

Steam inlet valve

11

Steam outlet valve

12th

Exhaust gas heat exchanger

13

Steam storage

14

air cooled condenser

15

Condensate pump

16

Feed water tank

17th

Vapor drain valve

18th

Feed water pump

19th

additional fuel injection

20th

Oxidation catalyst

21

Silencer

22

regulation

23

Steam supply valve

24th

Steam storage valve

25th

Exhaust pipe

26

Condensate line

27

Cooling water pipe

28

transmission

29

Valve for additional fuel supply

30th

spark plug

Claims (5)

1. Combi engine, in which

• 1. an internal combustion engine part ( 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 ) is combined with a steam engine part ( 3 , 4 , 10 , 11 );
  • - Both engine parts work on a common crankshaft ( 5 );
  • - An exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ) is connected on the one hand to the exhaust line ( 25 ) of the exhaust gas outlet valves ( 9 ) of the combustion engine part;
  • - The evaporated in the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ) and passed over heated feed water via at least one Dampfeinlaßven valve ( 10 ) to at least one steam cylinder ( 3 );
  • - To a steam outlet valve ( 11 ) of the at least one steam cylinder ( 3 ) a preferably air-cooled condenser ( 14 ) is connected;
  • - To the condenser ( 14 ) a condensate line ( 26 ) is connected, which promotes the condensate in a feed water tank ( 16 ), which also forms a water storage of a closed water-steam-Kreislau fes;
  • - To the feed water tank ( 16 ) a Kühlwasserlei device ( 27 ) is connected via which the condensate as feed water is pressed by a feed water pump ( 18 ) in subcritical or supercritical pressure in the Motorblockman tel ( 6 );

characterized by the following features:

• a) the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ), on the other hand, is connected to a feed water line ( 27 ) coming from the engine block casing ( 6 );
• b) a condensate pump ( 15 ) conveys the condensate of the condenser ( 14 ) into the feed water tank ( 16 );
• c) when the steam inlet valve ( 10 ) is closed or the steam inlet valves ( 10 ) are closed or the steam consumption is too low and for starting, the excess steam is fed via a valve ( 24 ) to a steam accumulator ( 13 ) which is connected via a line to a valve ( 23 ) with the feed water tank ( 16 ), which in turn is connected via a line with a Ven valve ( 17 ) to the condenser ( 14 ), so that the pressure in the water-steam system and the performance of the steam engine part also via storage and retrieval of water and steam and condensation of steam are controllable.

2. Combined engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the common crankshaft ( 5 ) between the two engine parts separated and here connected by a gear ( 28 ). 3. Combi engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 12 ) leading exhaust pipe ( 25 ), a catalyst ( 20 ) is connected. 4. Combi engine according to claim 3, characterized in that before the catalyst ( 20 ), in the exhaust pipe ( 25 ) a fuel supply line ( 19 ) opens with a valve ( 29 ). 5. Combi engine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized net that instead of water another medium such. B. ammonia, Toluene or a coolant is used.