DE102007049366A1 - Mechanical energy extracting device for internal combustion engine e.g. petrol engine, has fluid injection nozzle arranged at power machine and provided with injecting valve instead of spark plug and/or fuel injection nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a displacement device power machine (3) e.g. wankel rotary engine, which is formed according to a reciprocating piston engine principle or wankel rotary engine principle. The machine has an inlet (2) for a hot gas stream (1). The inlet is connected with an exhaust gas collecting pipe of an internal combustion engine by a connecting pipe. A fluid injection nozzle (4) is arranged at the machine and is provided with an injecting valve (4a) instead of a spark plug and/or fuel injection nozzle. An output shaft (8) of the machine is coupled with a crankshaft of the combustion engine. An independent claim is also included for a method for extracting mechanical energy from hot gas stream.

Description

The The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams, in particular Exhaust gas flows of internal combustion engines.

Known are internal combustion engines of different design such as reciprocating engines, For example, gasoline and diesel engines, and rotary engines, such as z. B. the Wankel engine. In internal combustion engines is by combustion of the fuel-air mixture, an overpressure of the combustion gases brought about in the combustion chamber, which makes it possible a piston connected to the crankshaft performs work.

As well Steam engines and steam turbines are known. Here is in the Usually by combustion externally (in a steam generator) superheated steam generated at high pressure, the piston of the steam engine or at Doing the turbine blades work.

from Construction related to the steam turbines are gas turbines. Here is in a combustion chamber liquid or gaseous Fuel burned with compressed air. From the resulting gas pressure Mechanical energy is gained at the turbine blades. Known continue to be combined cycle gas and steam power plants, in which gas turbines and steam turbines are used and by the combination high mechanical efficiencies are achieved. Furthermore, Stirling engines are known. In the Stirling process, in particular, air and helium are the working medium used. By an external heat source is in one Area supplied heat and in another area dissipated.

The resulting from the temperature difference resulting pressure difference to do work on the piston.

The known engines in the various embodiments with the working medium water / steam adheres to the disadvantage that the evaporation externally. Again, the internal combustion engines are at a disadvantage that the exhaust gas temperatures process-related, especially during Otto engine, are very high and the exhaust gas temperature is an unused and untapped potential with conventional technology for conversion into mechanical energy.

The use of the waste heat of an internal combustion engine by means of a circuit with a working fluid, which is depressurized in an expansion machine, is in the DE 10 2006 036 122 A1 described. The working fluid comprises a plurality of components, of which at least one component can be converted into the gas phase by absorbing heat from the internal combustion engine and further heat sources within the drive system. Furthermore, means are provided for separating the liquid portion of the working fluid prior to expansion in the expansion machine.

To improve fuel efficiency is in the DE 10 2006 012 279 A1 a method and apparatus for variable intake air preheating in motor vehicles described with an internal combustion engine.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a machine or device and to create a process that allows the use of high-energy Combustion gases of an internal combustion engine for the evaporation of water or of water mixtures in a positive displacement machine, z. B. allows a Wankel engine for energy recovery.

The particular advantages of the invention are that the previously unused thermal energy hotter Combustion gases, in particular petrol and diesel engines in vehicles, Ships and combined heat and power plants, converted into mechanical energy can be. Structurally, the device is similar to one Internal combustion engine, such as a reciprocating engine or particularly advantageous the Wankel engine. Thus, well-known technology can be used become. The injection nozzle of the invention Displacement engine injects instead of fuel a liquid, such as water or a water mixture, finely distributed in the space between cylinder and working piston evaporated. This results in a vapor pressure on the working piston does mechanical work. Thus, the positive displacement machine with internal evaporation, also referred to here as evaporation motor, can be used to drive vehicles, generators and work machines. Especially in combined heat and power plants can by the positive displacement proportionally more electron energy is produced.

advantageous Embodiments of the device are in the claims 2 to 7 and the method in claims 9 to 17 listed.

According to the embodiment according to claim 2, the positive displacement engine is coupled to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. Thus, the power of both machines is available on a drive train, for example for driving a vehicle. A vote of the design, speed, control, etc. of internal combustion engine and positive displacement engine is carried out accordingly. The coupling can z. B. by a clutch or a Gear can be realized.

The Training according to claim 3 provides that to control the opening the injection valve, a control unit is provided. The control unit can over a camshaft or electronic or pneumatic etc. realized become. By the control unit is a convenient Control of the clock sequence of Verdrängerkraftmaschine realized.

With Training according to claim 4 is by the arrangement of a bypass and an associated adjusting device in front of the inlet the positive displacement machine the prerequisite created that in the startup process or in the event of faults the hot Gas flow / exhaust gas flow past the positive displacement machine can be.

With Training according to claim 5, the displacement of positive displacement engine and internal combustion engine almost the same size. This is the prerequisite given that the entire exhaust flow through the positive displacement machine is usable.

To Claim 6 are positive displacement and internal combustion engine combined in a housing or engine block. In order to is a compact design especially for use advantageously possible in vehicles. Correspondingly Cooling, lubrication etc. for positive displacement machine and internal combustion engine in a system.

According to claim 7 is the positive displacement machine as Flangemachine executed. The flange can be particularly exhaust side but also be executed on the shaft.

In order to is by appropriate design of the positive displacement machine a simple upgrade of existing internal combustion engines possible with the positive displacement machine.

The associated methods for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams is described in claim 8. In the flowing into the positive displacement machine hot gas is injected into the liquid below evaporates, which due to the associated expansion, the performance of work on a working piston causes.

According to training According to claim 9, the gas stream is compressed prior to the injection of the liquid. This can be external or by the piston of the positive displacement machine, as done in internal combustion engines. This will make a higher Achieved efficiency.

at The development according to claim 10 is the injected liquid Water. Water or water vapor is an advantageous working medium with good process properties. Likewise, water is inexpensive and harmless. In the development according to claim 11 the injected liquid is a hydrous mixture. This allows the benefits of water through beneficial Additives are added.

According to the Further development according to claim 12 is urea as an additive to water added. This has the advantage that the emission is reduced by nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas.

With Development according to claim 13, the injected liquid previously heated. This can cause the condensation of steam be prevented in the positive displacement machine. The preheated amount of water allows greater use of the Hot gas heat. By preheating the injected liquid with cooling water can at the same time. although a small part of the cooling water heat losses be made usable.

According to the Training according to claim 14, the liquid with injected high pressure. On the one hand this is when operating with compressed Exhaust gas necessary, on the other hand, at higher pressure, the temperature the liquid can be further increased.

With Development according to claim 15, the injection quantity and the time the injection through a connected to the injector Control unit variable. This can be done by appropriate, z. B. Speed or performance dependent change the parameter is an optimal operation of the positive displacement machine will be realized.

According to training According to claim 16 is in the starting process of the internal combustion engine and at Failure of the positive displacement machine the positive displacement machine bypassed by a bypass. The control is carried out by a correspondingly arranged Locking device. This will be an optimal operation allows both units without restrictions by the positive displacement machine.

With Development according to claim 17 is a multi-level use of Heat energy through hot gas side connected in series Modules of positive displacement machines allows. This leads in particular to large and / or stationary Facilities for improved fuel efficiency.

Based Drawings and embodiments of the invention explained in more detail below. Show it:

1 Positive displacement machine according to the Wankel engine principle,

2 Representation of the combination of combustion engine and positive displacement engine in the block diagram,
The apparatus and the method for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams, in particular exhaust gas streams (evaporator motor), will be described in more detail below.

1 shows the positive displacement or the evaporator motor 3 in the preferred embodiment after the construction of the Wankel engine.

The Wankel engine is through its triangular-curved rotary piston 11 which is in a boggy recess of the housing 12 around a wave 8th moved, marked. All four strokes, suction, compression, power stroke and expulsion of gases, run in different spaces between the piston 11 and the inner wall of the housing 12 like the Wankel combustion engine at the same time. The difference is that instead of spark plug and possibly fuel injector in Wankel evaporator motor in this area one or more injectors 4 with injectors 4a for the liquid 5 are arranged. After suction of the hot gas 1 through the inlet 2 and subsequent compression of the hot gas 1 , which thereby increases its temperature, is finely distributed the liquid 5 through the injector 4 injected. That causes the liquid 5 due to the high temperature of the hot gas 1 evaporates and as a result the pressure rises. This vapor pressure performs in the subsequent power stroke on the rotary piston 11 mechanical work attached to the shaft 8th as torque for driving machines and vehicles is available. After the power stroke, the exhaust gas-vapor mixture is displaced through the outlet from the evaporator motor.

As a liquid 5 It is preferred to use water and mixtures of water with additives. The injection quantity is usually chosen so that the condensation of the steam does not occur in the positive displacement engine. By injecting water with added urea or other additives, the nitrogen oxide emissions of the exhaust gases ( 1 ) be reduced.

With a control unit (not shown), which the injection valve 4a controls, the timing and amount of liquid injected 5 be controlled according to the operating conditions. The control unit, electronic or mechanical, can be realized separately for the internal combustion engine or integrated into the control technology of the entire system. Ultimately, all solutions that are known for fuel injection valves, also for the liquid injection valves into consideration.

The control unit can, under detection of operating data by sensors such as temperature, pressure, exhaust gas flow rate, speed, etc. by appropriately stored in the control unit maps the control of the injector 4a and according to the time and amount of the injected liquid 5 vary. By injecting water with urea 5 or other additives, the nitrogen oxide emissions of the exhaust gases ( 1 ) be reduced.

The Arrangement of several modules of positive displacement machines in series, especially in large plants, the mechanical Increase utilization of hot gas heat. These are successively in the displacement modules water amounts to Vaporization injected to gradually use the heat.

In 2 is the combination of internal combustion engine 7 and positive displacement machine 3 as an advantageous application of the positive displacement machine 3 shown. The internal combustion engine 7 , z. As a diesel or gasoline engine, encounters hot exhaust gases after combustion of the fuel 1 through the exhaust manifold 6 out. These exhaust gases 1 be with a connecting pipe 14 through the inlet 2 in the positive displacement machine 3 directed. At the start and in warm-up operation as well as in case of failure, the positive displacement machine 3 To be able to handle, the exhaust gas flow 1 in these cases by a bypass line 10 guided. One between exhaust manifold 6 , Connecting pipe 14 and bypass line 10 arranged adjusting device 9 directs the exhaust gas flow 1 either in the positive displacement machine according to the operating conditions 3 or using the bypass line 10 over it. The outlet 13 the positive displacement machine 3 pushes the exhaust gas ( 1 ) with the relaxed vapor mixture.

The heating of the injected liquid is advantageous 5 z. B. by the cooling water of the engine 7 in a cooling system arranged in the heat exchanger (not shown). As a result, the liquid evaporates 5 more quickly. Thus, the performance of the positive displacement machine also increases 3 , An outlet 13 downstream capacitor (not shown), z. B. in the pre-muffler, in which condenses the water vapor, the further emission treatment z. B. by deposition of pollutants with the condensing vapor. The combination of internal combustion engine 7 and positive displacement machine 3 can be extended by the fact that both machines with a shaft, suitably coupled by a coupling and / or arranged in a housing. Similarly, the lubrication and cooling of both machines and control by common systems. The use of positive displacement machines 3 can be done in multiple stages by adding multiple modules of positive displacement machines 3 be arranged on the exhaust side one after the other.

1

hot Gas flow, hot gas, exhaust gas, exhaust gas flow

2

inlet the positive displacement machine

3

Verdrängerkraftmaschine, Positive displacement machine according to Wankel engine principle, evaporator motor

4

injector, liquid injection,

4a

Injector

5

Liquid, water

6

Exhaust manifold

7

Combustion engine, Internal combustion engine

8th

output shaft of the positive displacement machine, shaft

9

locking device

10

Bypass, bypass line

11

Working piston, rotary pistons

12

casing the displacement engine or the evaporator motor

13

outlet the positive displacement machine

14

connecting pipe

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102006036122 A1 [0007]
• DE 102006012279 A1 [0008]

Claims (17)

Device for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams, in particular of an internal combustion engine, characterized in that a positive displacement machine ( 3 ), constructed according to the piston engine principle or the Wankel engine principle, an inlet ( 2 ) for a hot gas stream ( 1 ), which is connected to the exhaust manifold ( 6 ) of an internal combustion engine ( 7 ) via a connecting tube ( 14 ) and on the positive displacement machine ( 3 ) at least one liquid injection nozzle ( 4 ) with an injection valve ( 4a ) is arranged instead of the spark plug or fuel injection nozzle Apparatus for recovering mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to claim 1, characterized in that the output shaft ( 8th ) of the positive displacement machine ( 3 ) with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine ( 7 ) is coupled. Device for extracting mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection valve or valves (e) ( 4a ) is / are connected to a control unit. Device for extracting mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that upstream of the inlet ( 2 ) of the positive displacement machine ( 3 ) an adjusting device ( 9 ) is arranged, which the gas flow ( 1 ) alternately in the positive displacement machine ( 3 ) or in a positive displacement machine ( 3 ) immediate bypass ( 10 ) can lead. Device for recovering mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the displacement of the positive displacement engine ( 3 ) about the size of the displacement of the internal combustion engine ( 7 ) corresponds. Device for recovering mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positive displacement engine ( 3 ) and the internal combustion engine ( 7 ) are combined in a housing. Device for recovering mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positive displacement engine ( 3 ) is designed as a flanging machine. Process for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams, characterized in that the hot gas stream ( 1 ) an internal combustion engine ( 7 ) in a positive displacement machine ( 3 ), which operates on the principle of a reciprocating engine or a Wankel engine, is passed and into the positive displacement machine ( 3 ) a liquid ( 5 ) is injected, which thereby evaporates and by the associated expansion of a working piston ( 11 ) of the positive displacement machine ( 3 ) Work is done. Process for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to claim 8, characterized in that the hot gas stream ( 1 ) before the injection of the liquid ( 5 ) is compressed. Process for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that as injected liquid ( 5 ) Water ( 5 ) is used. Process for the recovery of mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that as injected liquid ( 5 ) a water-containing mixture is used. Process for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to claim 11, characterized in that as injected liquid ( 5 ) a mixture of water ( 5 ) and urea is used. Method for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of Claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the injected liquid ( 5 ) is heated before injection. Process for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of Claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the liquid ( 5 ) is injected at high pressure. Method for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of Claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the injection quantity and the time of injection by means of the injection nozzles ( 4 ) connected control unit are variable. Method for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that during the starting process of the internal combustion engine ( 7 ) the supply of the hot gas stream ( 1 ) to the positive displacement machine ( 3 ) through a bypass ( 10 ) is bypassed, wherein the control by an appropriately arranged adjusting device ( 9 ) is realized. Method for obtaining mechanical energy from hot gas streams according to one of the claims 18 to 16, characterized in that the method in several stages is realized.