DE1710989A1 - Process for the production of nonwovens - Google Patents

Description

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L · · · · h -3. Sep 1969
Munich, DR.- -. . · * · ·
ING. WALTER ABlTZ ' Postal address
8 Munich 86, P.O. Box 860109 DR.
DR. DIETER F. MORF
HANS-A. BROWN
Patent attorneys 'ienzenauerstraße 28

Telephone 483225 and 486415 telegrams: Ghamindus Munich

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? 17 10 989. β 1710989

New documents

E. I. DU Ρ0ΝΦ DE NEMORS AND COMPANY lOth and Market Streets, Wilmington, Delaware I9898 »V. St. A.

Process for the production of nonwovens

Various processes are known in which pressurized, tileable media have been used for the treatment of textile materials. So one has z. B. sprayed binder solutions on fiber layers and causes the bond by drying the same. Qewebe and the like are at different washing · "or purification process of the effect s ¹ oF WasserstrSmen or suspended like.

Flowable media under pressure have also been used Manufacture of nonwovens used «So describes

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US Pat. No. 2,362,251 describes the manufacture of perforated nonwovens. " Thereafter, water currents are generated by means of full-cone spray dowels, which are fed with water of 4-9 to 70 kg / cm ² pressure, and directed from above through openings provided at intervals against a fiber web so that the single fibers in a lateral direction are rearranged in substantially the w 'fiber web plane in a pattern that is determined by the space formed by the openings pattern ο the water flieset by a perforated support, which carries the fiber web, - preferably in vacuo - from "There arise gauze" hnliehe Products that are especially suitable for surgical purposes * However, they cannot be used for the manufacture of clothing or other textile products, where good strength properties are important in addition to softness and elasticity.

The purpose of the invention now consists in largely eliminating the disadvantages of the known fiber nonwovens, that is to say in creating covered fiber nonwovens made of continuous filaments and / or fibers that give the known products the desired properties like good cohesion, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, Flexibility or bending length are superior to aindo

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The invention lieft the Erkenntnie iugründe _t that fiber webs duroh the action of Ströaen cue flowing media can be varied by varying the fibers or filaments are dee Vlieeee UMgeordaet ·

The foundation is still based on the knowledge that • loh through threading In YseerflleeetoffAn Yahte erieugen laeeen, | the s »B« result in a quilted article, when the mows are laid in a beetieeten nut through the fleece

Furthermore, the invention is based on the knowledge about ₉ daae «loh the dough properties of faiervlletatoffen duroh HedeIn verbeaaern laäeen ·

Following the invention, βloh now poses a task BtrBme of fillable media oollen cur production of opaque * solid fiber fabric with high manufacturing speed be sucked to the faeern or threads of faeervlieeen interweave uminandereuBOhllngen and jbu ("Interentangle")

I) Ie the invention is based on the task at hand solved by the fact that your production of an opaque ("nonforaninoas"), d. h * solid fiber fleece free of openings

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»Etoffee by loosening up and weaving together! ("interentangle") of fibers or threads in a non-woven fabric on the A nonwoven fabric carried by a perforated base from at least one opening a fine, columnar beam of a non-pressable, usable medium with entry

P speed of at least ICm / teo, preferably from all

at least 32 m / aeo.

The individual rays are sufficiently fine that the desired Faeerutteineinschlerung and interlacing without permanent

Separation of fiber groups, d «h *» enters «without the formation of openings in the fleece

Under "entwined and intertwined" ("interentangled") should be understood here that the individual fibers or threads of the Vlieeee an intertwined, tangled, interlaced and other associations with one another show that they are practically inseparable. Drβ procedures can be applied to selected areas of the fleece and extended to its total area.

The "fiber fleece" is to be understood as any flat structure, that of textile thread in the form of staple fibers, endless threads or

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Yarn is formed »» ei ee in the form of loose fleeces, sohiöfaten and dergleionen or in fora of fabrics »Qevirken

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or Honwoveae or Sohiohtetof fen thereof ο

Short summary aan in Durchführung.de "extended geaäee the invention folgendereaeeen vorgehent through a nozzle or a series of DUasn is under high pressure; Water or some other »suitable water drifted» in order to form the fine, columnar, high-speed jet or several such jets. Loohangen bsw ₀ forums exhibiting part »laid down and» with a front facing upwards »near the doze under the same so that the beam (or beams) through

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go through the fleece. In the effect everyone wanders through ' columnar beam the fleece thus along a path in the direction of the movement of the sheet-like material »at all Place where the columnar rays hit the fleece act, individual fibers or threads in the material are driven into such layers »that they are in all dimensions of the Fleece are entangled and intertwined. One can, depending on the desired effect »a single beam or a Multitude of rays spaced a predetermined distance from

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have each other, continuously or intermittently perpendicular to the nonwoven or eohiefwinkelie au selntr surface let soak _β Treatment of the Vlieees in several passes can be sohlingung the intensity or the area of around each other "and · vergröeeern interweaving One can Nies in fc direction of its length and For example, treat width and or or under * an angle to these directions. The treatment can be carried out unilaterally or from both sides. In the latter case, the treatment of both sides can be carried out one after the other or at the same time. The products obtained by the method according to the invention are characterized by a three-dimensional urnaround interlacing and interweaving of the fibers or threads "which linearly follows the position on which the working medium jet wandered through the material? from ν

The method according to the invention enables · β, in the bulk. Laying fiber materials without the use of conventional work stages such as weaving, warp knitting, twisting or the like and without the need for spatial binding agents or materials directly in various types of cohesion, highly stable textile products "and" converting "Bs" allows further improvement the properties of weaving and knitted fabrics

It is suitable for the manufacture of new Teztllprodukte

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dt ».- Grips the pall and the strength of traditional woven goods . So aas aua can solve fleeces, mats, fiber layers and the like from staple fibers and bra. or continuous filaments directly one Zusaaaenhalt ersielen divergently · "stable fiber nonwovens" by eiβ on Ib weaentliohtn their gesanten Fläohe the effect of the high velocity Work "a aitteletrahlen subjects · Special-resistant fiber nonwovens ■ '■' will get" when essentially the geaasten on Surface treats a sole structure, which is covered by an intermediate layer of swel chains of parallel yarns or continuous filaments, which are arranged so that the yarns or continuous filaments of one chain cross those of the other »and a cover layer of a fleece of loose staple fibers or continuous filaments on one side or on both seldom the intermediate layer is formed. * Filaments are held together, the its part under the effect of a high WIR i Geachwindigkeit having Direction Arbeitanittelstrahlen in DETR. Structures have been driven back and forth «. Non-woven fabrics with a particularly good drape and particularly good conformability can be obtained by using crimpable ₉ spontaneously expandable or elastic fibers as one of the components of the flat fiber material and producing the latent fiber properties after the fiber

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nonwoven fabric as described above.

According to the invention, by appropriate control of the process conditions, in the case of fiber materials present in bulk, such as staple fiber fleeces, discrete "seams" can be produced, each of which is formed by a region of strong fiber looping and interweaving, which corresponds to the path _v on which the working center beam (or the working medium jets) wandered through the material. The appearance and properties of these areas are very reminiscent of conventional seams made with needle and thread, so that the expression "seams" seems to be in place even with the products made according to the invention. ) Nonwoven, layered material or the like in perm of a predetermined pattern can be quilted-looking articles obtain. Straight by forming seams in a 8chileβsendee an-in Hasse Torliegenden Faeermaterial gemäso de r * invention and cutting the seam blank check yarns produce _β Such yarns have the handle, the cohesion and strength of products obtained by conventional spinning processes yarns. .

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High-vent work emitting 1 rays can also be used as conventional ones To sew woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and the like together »ex Ylieematerialien and game with eich and b »w. or connect with conventional fabric or concrete-like substrates bu and in order to be made of deposited Itadloefaden-Abfaltmaterial Pa- | to produce servileeatoffe · The method corresponds to the invention Dung can also be used to improve the properties of conventionally produced woven or knitted fabrics Modify and their Aueeehen »their grip> to improve their tactile properties, their opacity and the like «

The invention is described in greater detail below in relation to the volume of the drawings described. Selgtι in the drawings

1 shows a type of device in a schematic representation " to carry out the method according to the invention,

Pig, 2a to 2o axial holes of suitable DUs,

Fig. 3 in the longitudinal direction a nozzle with which an intermittent, owl-shaped flow can be obtained,

...- ■■ i Figo 4 an achemical representation of another device for carrying out the method according to the invention, ·

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Fig. 5 in a sohematlecher isometric representation of a device for producing a nonwoven web at high production speed _?

6 in an isometric illustration of a device for the production of endless, ohenille-like cooking ne at high production speed «

Fig. 7a to 7o in a schematic representation of longitudinal sections of a fiber fleece in three stages of treatment »

Fig. 8 shows a seam provided according to the invention Fleece,

9a and 9b show a "quilted" fleece before and after shrinking, 10 thread-like yarns made according to the invention,

Fig · It a staple fleece sewn onto a fabric and Fig. 12 shows an endless thread tube bound to a fabric.

In the apparatus according to Figo 1 nitrogen may be a Druakaittelspeiohers 5 are sugefUhrt _t under a pressure of 141 at a Fl- * β oh β 1 is, via a control valve 2, and a "drill pipe 3 of a chamber 4 * The Druokaittelepeioher" the 5 is made by a flexible Heabran 7 in two chambers «-

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learning 4, 6 is divided, the second (6; via a drilling line 8 "in which" is provided in valve 9) is in connection with a nozzle 20 10 and a conduit 11 is supplied water. in the Wassersuführung the pressure in the first register (4) upper, the drill pipe is relieved by 'g opening of a valve 13, 12 "During start-up of the still non-pressurized device sur power of the system is the control valve 2 is closed, the valve 13 is opened so that the biosphere pressure prevails in the system, the valve 9 is closed and the valve 10 is opened, whereby water with a pressure of about 2.8 atU is fed in; the water pushes the membrane 7 of the reservoir 5 to the right into the chamber 4 "while the Kaaeaer 6 is filled", after the filling of the chamber 6 sohllosst the valves 10 and 13, opens the control valve 2 and puts it on a nitrogen supply in the chamber 4 with 'about 141 atö e In ι djas in. the chamber 6 i is placed under pressure on it, so that the system is ready to supply water to the nozzle 20 through the pipeline 8 when valve 9 is opened «

As work equipment evil 20, a variety of nozzles can be used in accordance with the desired effect Various types of such nozzles are shown in Fig. 2c

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^ The flat fiber material 14 treating the BU is placed on iron, generally rectangular wire girders 15, which are arranged under the vertically arranged door 20 and supported by a horizontal, flat metal plate 16. The plate 16 is height-adjustable on a fc Scissor lift 17 arranged, whereby the distance swlsehen the

* The mouth of the nozzle 20 and the sieve 15 is adjustable _o The sieve is formed here by an ordinary wire mesh with 18 χ 18 Masohen / 2 1/2 om, which is made of stainless steel wire with a diameter of 0.38 mm. The sieve is not fixed to the metal plate 16, but can be moved horizontally in any direction by hand.The metal plate 16 is provided with a passage 1Θ, which is aligned with the axis of the nozzle 20 in the upper part, so that from the nozzle emerging work equipment passes through the passage j

"Working fluid passing through passage 18 is in a tub

* caught *,

The method of operation of the device is described below using the treatment of a staple fiber fleece, for example! First, the wire mesh carrier 15 (Pig. 1) with a Sheet of Kraft paper covered to avoid tangling of the Pasern with the Prevent sieve. On the other hand, a fine-mesh sieve can entangle the fibers with the sieve

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keep it to a minimum while allowing the water to drain through the dae Sieve remains possible. A loose fleece H made of random staple fibers is then placed on the kraft paper. Of the Lifter 17 is adjusted in height so that the fleece surface about 2 1/2 cm below the mouth end of the nozzle 20..Bas Fleece is now exposed to a high speed. exposed to the water jet and at the same time in the | Horizontal moved in a straight line in one direction. A number of thicknesses of nonwovens are treated in this way in the range from 1.6 to 76 »2 mm in several passes, with subsequent passes are made in a direction parallel to that in the first pass »Some fleece are further in several passages at right angles to the direction in the first passages «, In all cases it is shown that along the lines of the work equipment treatment the fleece | fibers are generally driven downward, from which j a tendency to solidify the fleece results, moreover the pas are looped and interwoven and generally in a discrete, continuous course drawn, which coincides with the central axis of the nozzle or "the working fluid jet"

The nozzle according to Fig. 2a, which is used for connection to the pipeline 8 · is formed, there is aua a nozzle body 21 with a

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Axial bore 22, which except for a pair of outer openings at the bottom 23, 24 is closed, both of which lie in a plane common to the axis of the bore 22 and in Direction of the working fluid flow towards each other, whereby they enclose an angle A »The angle A is about 20 to 25 ° and the diameter of the outlet openings 0.178 mm. ™ The working media emerging from the outlet openings 23t 24 rays are continuous nature »but tend to break open when they meet * When using a This way, the fleece will be above or at the point of intersection arranged of rays. If the rays cross too far above the fleece, the pillar-shape effett of the rays goes lost and enters the desired fiber entanglement and entanglement not eio »

^ Pig »2b shows a modification of the nozzle of Fig« 2a. As Pair of existing outlet openings 23, 24 (diameter 0.178 mm) run parallel to each other and in a common plane with the bore 22

The DQse shown in fig * 2c is similar to that of Fig. 2a formed with the modification that a single central outlet opening 24 is provided which is coaxial with the bore 22 runs. At a pressure of about 70 at, a single

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Exit opening 0.178 mm in diameter. Approximately one hour 4.26 kg of water and with a duration of 141 at 7.56 kg of water away.

Another device for the continuous treatment of fibers is inclined in FIG. 4 through the line 82 with | de "valve 81 is hater old normal Leitungsdruok a λ Hoehdruelcwaeserpump * 83 sugefUhrt. The pump may be formed ala double acting * pump with ^ island butt "the bit air mm of line 84 (source of air» loht shown) but the pressure control valve is operated 85, wherein the air exits through the conduit 86 from the pump · are by dlt line 87 the pump off water with a Dsuek of 141. At the high pressure Waeeerleitung 87 is connected a Druokwasserepeioher 86, with which from the pump 83 coma compression waves and "variations werdeη smoothed _c The memory is by a flexible membrane 91 in SWEi chambers 89» divided 90th ^ The chamber 89 is filled with water of 141 at pressure and the Kaa-Ber 90 with nitrogen of the same pressure, which is supplied through the pipe 92 and the valve 93 from a nitrogen plasma 94, which is equipped with a control valve 95. The nitrogen pressure in the system can be relieved by means of valve 96. The water is at 141 atm pressure through valve 97 and pipeline 98

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* the distributor 99 "ugeftthrt" which serves the outlet opening ", 100. The fine ones emerging from the exit openings 100 Water jets 101 hit the treatment item 102, death is carried to the conveyor belt screen 103 »

Wk Die in. Pig. 3 inclined nozzle scanning is used> if a

is desired m ^ intermittent flow · This Dttse that is similar to a fuel injector for diesel engines, has ina DUeβηkörper 21 an axial bore 22 in which a fed eitsender cylindrical piston 30. The old piston is provided with a conical end 31, "as" usameea with the corresponding conical seat.32 on the lower cable of the bore 30 is able to form a mechanical closure Bore 22 '

"lies. An annular space 34 is cut into the cone.

P The body 21 is laterally of the bore 22 with a through, Bore 35 for the supply of work equipment provided «which communicates with the annulus. The piston 30 is under a pressure which can be regulated by setting a spring 36 pressed down on the cone seat. If the pressure of a dem Room 34 through the passage 35 the peder pressure exceeds »the piston 30 is pushed upwards and an inflow of working medium through the axial *

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Passage 33 received. Find the lower part of the nozzle body 21 screwed Dttsenende 37 is with exit » Openings (such as 24, 25, 26) are provided which carry the working medium from the passage 33 in the form of a columnar flow pointing downwards, whereby all the arrangements of the outlet openings shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c can be used · Through | Arrangement of a central exit opening of 0.50 mm Durohneeeer »| which is surrounded by six evenly spaced outlet openings with a diameter of 0.45 .mu.m, the one Insert an angle of 50 ° (as for the outlet openings 24, 25 and 26), another suitable DU & en tip will be used obtain. '

When using the nozzle according to FIG. 3 in the direction of the gate according to Pige t, an amplifier 40 generates intermittent pulses of high pressure working fluid in short pulses at a frequency of about 1 pulse / sec. increases to a pressure of 1406 atU. The working fluid is fed to the nozzle 20 through the line 41, which is provided with a throttle valve 42. The supply of water and air to the booster takes place through the pipes 43 b «w ₀ 44 * Da at ■ '. Use of the pressure booster β the above-described pressurized water

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. The storage tank is out of operation, the drilling line 8 is cut off. penetrate the fleece along the path on which it runs under the nozzle »at intervals P. At each part where the intermittent jet penetrates the material to be treated, courses, discrete, seam-like bonds and b * w _o or point seams are obtained. The frequency and builder of the working medium impulses are directed by adjusting the spring 36, by throttling by means of valve 42 and V.'ahl of the nozzle end 37 in such a way that jets with a diameter of 0.0127 to 0.127 mm are obtained, which onto the fleece in the desired bind slowest with pressure in the order of 211 at act.

Instead of individual nozzles and a treatment of the fiber fleece in a series of consecutive passes one can have an array of nozzles in a row at the desired spacing order to enlarge the area subject to treatment in a single pass Catfish in non-woven materials very closely spaced * as in one Provide a distance of 0.635 mm or even smaller distance between the existing parallel "Hähtö" in two directions »whereby the Aus *.

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Seeing a weight is obtained · Sine device for the continuous "production of a" nonwoven fabric according to the * ⁶ • he work is aohematiseh in yig. 5 shown.

In the device according to Fig. 5 is a conveyor belt-like Borisentmleleb 50 planned »welohea eiö fiber fleece 28 Moved in the direction of the arrow. Quer eu de »Screen belt 1st in Ab- | A number of stationary bosoms 51 would be provided, which the fleece can align along the lines in the sighting of the fleece movement (such as the May 52). Abetrooeeltig the! Nozzle 51 are one or more * nozzles 55 are provided which (Mittelβ a not shown mechanism) transverse sun nonwoven so forth * and brought hither "that the web along the lines is modified 54 dia _t generally perpendicular" u trek on lines 52. A number of orphans 55a, b, c and ύ are also provided on the abatrom side, which change the running direction of the modified fleece in such a way that it is dipped into a liquid level 5S for shrinking, coloring, bleaching, etc. which the product picks up. Using an orphan 55d, the modified fleece can be pressed or wrung out, heat-treated or dried, embossed, etc.

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In operation, a fiber fleece 28 is passed in the direction from left to _v right under the various nozzles, under which it is modified (continuously or intermittently) in one or more directions c The fleece then runs to the liquid bath _r in which it is shrunk _c whereupon a drying or partial drying and finally the winding up on a suitable core took place

6 shows a schematic representation of a device for producing continuous yarns of the chenille type at high production speed. Hit the conveyor belt-like horizontal screen 60, a fiber fleece 28 is guided under a number of equally spaced nozzles 6t, with which the fleece can be modified in this way that a number of separate yarns of the chenille type produced "Downstream of the conveyor device, a number of Kreismesserη 62 is provided at intervals) which are arranged on a horizontal shaft which is driven by a not shown drive ο k. On the far right a number of take-up points, including a suitable (not shown) reciprocating mechanism, at which conventional cakes 63 are formed discrete yarn is transferred, the number of which corresponds to the number of nozzles. The yarns are further downstream by means of the

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rotating knife 62 separated from the neighboring yarns by protection and finally the yarns one to the Cake 63 wound up.

In general, the invention enables a

Diversity of work with the production of different products «.

Together these many possible work the behavior of the filaments or staple fibers under the influence of a high, speed seems having Direction working medium radiation "-The mechanism of the process in the production of an exercise, Ine inander schlingung or entanglement of the fibers ode'r threads of the sheet-like material with other To consist of fibers or threads »The fiber behavior can best be described with reference to Figo 7.» In Figure 7a ₀ a cross section is shown of a substantially unmodified web of irregularly arranged fibers "The candied and ine cross threads are laid in layers in which the filaments extend more or less parallel to the horizontal; the threads do not run parallel to each other, but are more or less randomly distributed «The approximate boundaries of the rails are indicated by horizontal dotted lines (the lines are not intended to represent staple fibers)» In the following, the behavior of a thread 70 is considered · its course with χ is marked «, '

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At Pig. 7a the thread 70 lies in the unmodified one Fleece close to the top of the fleece and generally parallel to the fleece level ο

7b shows the same fleece after brief exposure to a high-speed working medium jet 38. As can be seen from the figure, the thread 70 has been driven through the fleece at two points 71 and 72 over essentially its entire thickness. The high-speed work beam jets penetrate the fleece over its entire pick and hit the base, the main function of which is to act as a carrier for the fleece material. A sieve or similar material is preferably used which allows water to pass through. When it hits the base, the jet or part of it can be deflected, ie continue in a generally horizontal direction or in the yiieeplane, where it, like raw the loop 73 explained in thread 70, takes threads with it. At this stage, the thread 70 with its neighbors is quite thoroughly wrapped around and intertwined. As a result, the various layers of the fleece are "sewn" or "stapled" as the fibers migrate and loop around and interweave. ^v

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Fig. 7o shows the same fleece after it has been rotated by hand and treated on the reverse side by means of high-speed working means blasting. As the figure shows, the threads become entangled and intertwined in a random manner, so that the fleece in the area in which »it has been treated with the working medium jets, it receives a strong cohesion. An examination of the treated fleece shows that some threads essentially penetrate the ™ fleece at several different points and in this way act as randomly distributed "sewing threads * ¹ " Disgorgement on the surface »

In the above description, the treated VLiesbereieh is not called epesie11, but it can vary depending on the desired (type of end product each area to the entire area ^ behändeInc For example, one would treat a web along lines or "sparked ¹¹ to achieve quilted acting structure which correspond to the desired "Hahf pattern" Bin fiber nonwoven can be obtained by treating a nonwoven or layer structure on its entire surface in one or more directions.,

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* A punctiform soling and braiding la * et Bioh by pulsating struaung or by regulating the movement of the fleece web relatively eu the Arbeitsaittelttruaen achieve.

™ Oarne can also be used according to the method of the invention, while the fiber fleece is sewn and the seam is cut out will be.

Bat method lets look at tiles made of both natural and also from synthetic vaeans and invited to apply.

In the following examples the 9estigkeiteeigensohaften are bestiamt on an Instron Prlifgerät at 21 ⁰ C and 65 i> ι relative humidity. The strip tensile strength (atrip) is measured on a sample of 12.7 ma width with a sample length of 5.1 cm and with expansion at 50 lbs / min. determined The Urab tensile strength (grave) is measured on a specimen of 10.2 cm wide with a specimen length of 7.6 cm and an extension of 400 ^ / MIn. certainly. The initial modulus is determined by measuring the initial slope of the stress-strain3 curve.

The 5- £ -secant module is determined in accordance with ASTM test standard S6-61, part 10, Sä 1856.

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A cheese is obtained for the case that the grease is formed by moving a 2.5 ζ 15 »2 on grease sample slowly parallel to its lengthwise direction so that there» over the band a horizontal surface protrudes « protruding XeIIs ₁ call the end of the sample under the weight of the brobe bent up to the point "J at which a talk that the end with the edge of the lower | position terbindetf forms an angle of 41.5 with the horizontal. Half of this length is equal to the bending length of the specimen, which is expressed in centimeters »

B e 1 s ρ 1 el 1

The example explains the transfer of a visual observation

construction in a nonwoven fabric that gives the tall the strength and the aesthetic properties of a conventional fabric a |

owns. 'j

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A) A 27-ply 4Q-denier ~ continuous yarn made of polyethylene xerephthalate with a density of 31 _? 5 threads / cm wrapped around a metal frame in both directions so that the threads de? one chain cross that of the other at an angle of 90 ° o The yarns are then sprayed with an oily aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and allowed to dry fc, thereby holding them in place _o The structure obtained is cut from the metal frame, making two planar Kreusketten with a thread density of 31.5 x = 31.5 / cm receives _o one of these chains is then applied to a 30 Masehen sieve placed and with a kar "stack-founded web (area density approximately" 10.2 g / m} from 1.5-den ° staple fibers of polyethylene terephthalate having a staple length of 3 »8 cm covered _o the layer structure is applied to the apparatus of the type shown in Figo 4 below the outlet holes (diameter 0.0711 mm _s centers of which * was 0.635 mm) carried away, which are fed with water of 1O5 ₈ 5 at “The treatment takes place once in each direction of the crossed warp yarns, whereby the outlet openings just touch the surface of the pile fleece Then remove the structure from the sieve and turn the egg. A second, carded stacking fleece of the smooth type is placed on the cross-chain structure and the three-layer structure is again exposed to the action of high-speed working medium jets. The structure is then lifted from the sieve and turned over, '■ · -. 909886 / T271

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d. H. brings it back to its original position, "Öd subjects" β again to the high-velocity rays. The structure is ultimately made up of that ; Sieve removed, wipe paper towels, dried and ironed dry with a bending setting of 200 ° G. A firm, drapable Honwoven with the following properties is obtained from all product

Test surface area-beieefe strain, module, bending length | direction weight, etigkeit, ^ g / ce each (case), cm

g / ee / cm per g / a ^€ d

Chain 98.3 77.95 51 621 * 2.7 achiÄg - 10.53 105 3 # 16 -

B) Bndlosfadensohiohten can also be applied to similar Way with a Xreus chain under the bracelets of a Honwoven with very attractive properties, especially with regard to fall, suppleness and abrasion resistance, combine Ss will be a cross chain made of 34 thread 70 denier polyethylene ~ terephthalate-oarn with a thread wire of 15.7 threads / cm produced Das'Gebilde is sprayed with a polyvinyl alcohol size in order to produce a Allow bonding. There is one on each side of the cross chain Continuous thread layer with a basis weight of approximately 33.9 g / m arranged, which consists of two components, later crimpable threads made of polyhexamethylene adipamide and a copolymer of polyhexamethylene adipamide and poly-hexamethylene sebacamld-

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Using an apparatus of the type shown in FIG. * Kind of layer structure will be the high speed having working medium jets at a pressure of 105.5 at using a 30 mesh screen pad subject in the following order:

1. 2 passages on each side using A 0.0711mm outlets

- 2e using 2 passes on each side

P of 0.127 mm exit B openings

3. 2 passages on each side using 0.178 mm exit holes

The structure is then removed and dried. To develop the crimp, the structure is exposed to saturated steam of 2.1 atU pressure in an autoclave for about 1 minute.

The fiber nonwoven obtained has a weight per unit area of about 203 g / m ² and is _t as the following table shows,

. in its tensile strength, compliance, bending length and

Abrasion resistance well balanced * The abrasion resistance is determined here according to the "ASTM Standards", 1961, Part 9 »p. To 326, with the modification that the flat plate holding the sample is replaced by a curved plate that on which the sample is subjected to abrasion, a curvature radius of 15 _t 2 cm aufweistc

909886/1271 - 28 -

BATH ORIGINAL

• f -.ti · * Ct '- i. «I ·» »ti k.

• V i * * t Ci *

• C · · · t t tt · t i I

Q-719

Machine direction

Oblique direction

Travel elongation »5 - # - Secan- flexural abrasion strength modulus, length strength, strength, g / cffl per (case) ₉ test cycles g / cm per g / m cm to aum g / m '- failure

42.50

23.07 171

26.9

2.79

2.67

2.64

79

70

You fact that Ewdlosfadeη so thoroughly with a cross chain around each other and let intertwine, The fact that a stable, cohesive fiber nonwoven is obtained further emphasizes the high degree of fiber entanglement and interlacing achieved according to the invention, whereby this cohesion in the high abrasion resistance it (70 to 79 test cycles), comparable structures that are not subject to hydraulic treatment 'fail' within 10 facts

Example 2

This example explains the production of a nonwoven fabric by looping and interlacing staple fibers with a muslin-like fabric base (scrim).

9098 ^ 0271

Q-719

A cardler tea staple fiber fleece (surface weight approximately 13.6 g / m ² ) of polyacrylic staple fiber (fiber titer 2 den, staple length 3.8 cm7 is placed on a cotton gas dee handle (9.4 ζ 9t4 threads / om) and the arrangement on a 30 Kaeehen sieve is applied, using a device of the type shown in FIG

0.0711 mm in diameter, spaced at 0.635 am are arranged, with a Sruok of 105.5 at sugefUhrt will · In each direction of the orrne in the gas ι a treatment takes place, with the access openings the Just touch the surface of the stacking fleece · You lift it Form then from the sieve and turn ee, lays on the Gas a second carded pile fleece of the same type ι up and repeat the treatment. The structure is then lifted off the sieve again, turned and the treatment repeated “The structure is then removed from the sieve, dried between paper towels and ironed dry. They properties of the original gases, dee in obtained in the above manner, with a kar ~ on both sides Ded stacked fleece provided and treated three times as well as a similar product provided on both sides with two carded stacked fleece and treated five times. are combined in the following table:

90988671271 - 30 -

BATH ORIGINAL

Digging test in the chain direction

Strip test in an inclined direction

Bending length (case),

CM "

Area- breaking load, elongation, Eeita- elongation, 9-3 ^ -St- Eettrieh- inclined weight, kg ψ strength- i » edging direction g / nr keit,. Module,

J *. '. g / cg each

* g / no

to gauze 32.55

* ° gauze +

g 2 fleeces 59.33

N _n . Gauze +

: U 4 fleeces 79.00

5.35 8.0 1.63 20

6.26 80 6.64 50

8.53 91 9.95 66

2.1 1.8

1.9 1.8

2.0 1.8

CD CX)

• " ' 1 . 11 J »» ·

Q-719 B e 1 β ρ 1 β 1 3

This example explains the production of a fiber nonwoven fabric from a layer structure of a continuous thread fabric and one above and one below staple fleece chiohto

A carded staple fleece (surface weight about 10 _# 2 g / m 2) made of polyethylene terephthalate staple fiber (fiber titer 1.5 denier, staple length 3 # 8 cm) is placed on a loose layer of polyethylene terephthalate threads in which the threads are randomly arranged. The resulting assembly is applied to a 30-Maaohen sieve and treated using an apparatus of the type shown in Figure "4, with water, which is obtained by outlets openings of 0,0711.mm diameter, which are arranged in tarn center distances of 0.635, Bit 105.5 at on clock t. The treatment takes place in two passes, whereby the treatment direction in the "wide passage forms an angle of 90 ° with that in the first passage and the outlet openings just touch the surface of the pile fleece." The structure is now lifted from the sieve, turned, it and repeats the process on another stacked fleece placed on top of the layer. The structure is then returned to its original position and again exposed to the high-speed warning rays. The properties of the untreated thread layer, the one obtained in the above manner, a carded staple fleece on both sides

909886/1271 BATH ORIGINAL

- 32 -

t «t · <· · t t« ct «t

33

comprising oil and three times treated nonwoven fabric and one Similar goods, which have two carded fleece on each side of an endless thread layer and have been treated five times are compiled in the following table.

Area, travel, elongation module, bending length (fall), weight, strength- £ g / cm ₂ cm i

^{he /} m keit, je ^{o / m} ^

3e g / m

Continuous thread layer 48.81 1.74 12 31.1 2.4

Endless fa den shift

+ 2 Vlieee 67 »81 4» 74 86 4.2 2 »3

Bttdlosfa'-

den-layer.

* 4 fleece 87.13 '16 _f 43 145 H »2 2.8

At 8 pi e 1 4 |

This example explains the production of a drapable { nonwoven fabric which combines flexibility and elasticity without bulkiness. : '

An elastic 70 the spandex yarn is-Hasohen-3ieben 30 to form a cross chain with 19 »7 threads / om in each direction up ^'i gewiokelto The Kreuskette is subjected to Seibetbindung by MAFR them on a Preese 30 SEIC * at 215 ⁰ C and 23.2 kg / cm ² between 30 Masohen sieves.

8098867127: 1 _BAD

Q-719

The cross chain is then removed from the sieve and similar to treated hydraulically in example 10 as follows:

^{1. A carded polyethylene terephthalate fleece (surface weight 3 »39 g / m 2} ) is bound on one side of the Kreuskette on a 30 Masohen sieve using a 0.076 nm beam of 105 * 5 atm. * The treatment is carried out on each Side in two passes on the surface.

2. A second Polyäthylenterephttialat Vlles is hydraulically on the other side tied, with nan under the same conditions as under (1) in three passages alternately on the treated both sides.

3. The sample is dried and 30 seconds at 100 ° and 14.1 kg / cm Pressed flat · Han receives a light, drapable nonwoven fabric with the aesthetic properties of a woven fabric.

Characteristics: Surface weight, g / m ² 71.2

to thickness, ram 0.229

CD 2

«Ο Heat resistance, g / cm per g / m 4.7

JJ elongation, $ 247

^ ₁ 5- ^ edge modulus, g / cm per g / m 2.1

^ i Bend length (pail), cm 1.4

TH5 / TRio,? I 87/8 *

^ -34- ^{7t /} 65-. '

BAD ORiGINAL

r t · Ff

r

Q-719

Example 5

This example explains the production of a nonwoven fabric from a loose fiber layer.

A loose fiber layer made of polypropylene endless threads, in which the threads are randomly distributed, is treated as follows: Van places the layer on a 204-lIaaahen-stem and leads it under a row using a device of the type shown in FIG. 4 from outside openings of 0.0711 mi Duroheeaer away, which are arranged in Illttenabitänd tob 0.635 ma and bit water of 105.5 at are fed Angle forms and where

* ^; '"· ·" ■■■ - ■■. Λ

the exit openings just touch the layer surface · j | You then lift the structure off the sieve, turn it and ^

treats again «In this way the loose layer becomes obtain a cohesive, stable fiber nonwoven fabric. The high degree of fiber entanglement and entanglement caused by the effect of high speed having water jets is obtained, is expressed in the increased strength of the treated layer. properties of the treated and the untreated layers:

909886/1271

ι ι ♦ · IM 1 ■

Il 1 · · · ·

Q-719 3Γ

Pläohen- Reiesfe- Dehnung, module »bending length

geicht stigkeit * -f / ^0B y-2 i ^Pa11 ) » ^om

e g / ni

Pläohen Reiesfe weight, stigkeit, g / o ² g / cm * 3e g / m

untreated
delt 51 1 6th O , 68 53 1 ti 2.1 treated 54 5 »3 152 4th »2 1.9 B e i β ρ * «

This example illustrates the use of high speed fluid variables for development a surface cover for fabrics and achieving a waIk- and rough effects a.

An absorbent is placed on a 20-ton sieve and using a device of the type shown in Pig 4, subjected to water jets of 105.5 at ^ Steps orifices 0.178 mm in diameter emerge, which are arranged at intervals of 1.270 mm. · The fabric is treated in four rounds in the Sohrägrlchtung on the exit opening areas. The treated goods have that Appearance of a milled and / or roughened fabric and has a reinforced surface cover These effects are *, on a variety of fabrics including worsted, Carded yarn and tarpaulin are made of wool and synthetic fibers he! altenο Typical properties of untreated and treated

^Wareni 909886/1271

"* 36 - _BA £> ORIGINAL

Lt. · »« Ttt

Keissfestlg-
** λ * · _Λ / 2
β / cffi per g / ar ioiyethylene
terephthalate /
Want »Kamra
yarn Tendon » ■ 70 Module, Bending length
(Case), cm • 1.8 « ι untreated 12.1 8o 2.4 < treated 16.3 50 0.79 1.6 Polyacrylonitrile /
Wool »flannel 69 3.16 2.3 untreated 5.3 treated 10.5 0.42 1.16

Hosiery and conventional cotton shirt fabrics can be used with treated in a similar way with equal success »

B e i s ρ i e 1 7

This example explains the production of a nonwoven fabric from a staple nonwoven *

A loose carded fleece serves as the starting material Polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers (fiber titer 1.5 den » Stack length 3.8 om). A sample of the fleece (A) is on a 30-Üasohen sieve and using a Device of the in Pig. 4 shown type of action with subject to high speed flowing water »that

909086/1271 ^:

- 37 -

0.0711-ma opening openings (middle stands 0.635 ■■) old 1O5f5 at is fed in. The fleece is led away under the access door in such a way that it just touches the ae. Every nieaeelte is made in two passages at right angles treated to each other, de h. daa Vliee is inageeamt 4 Duroh- £ gone subjected · ee is then removed, dried and fc ■ examines ο Ee ate11t now an itable, cohesive hold on * white Faaervlieaetoff. JSine «wide sample (B) aua swei Layers of the above-mentioned, carded Stajtelvlleaea will then In the above with the change in a FaaerTlieeetoff transferred that each side is treated in 4 passages, each treatment being carried out across the line of the previous one «80 since the treatment is inegeeaot in β passages, takes place · The properties of the untreated and the two treated samples are given in the table (MB ■ Maaohenrichtung dee Vlieaea, entepreohend the direction in which most women abandon; QR - cross direction)

Sample tensile strength, elongation, % modulus, ₉ g / cm per PM . . ' g / om 3e g / m

58.46 QR MR QR MB 21 0.042 ■ • unconcerned
acts 81.64 0.021 54 68 0, 00 2,475 BAD ORIGINAL ·. Sample A 9.111 81 134 10 » 06 5.794 Sample B ■ "> 1.633 74 110 1.1t . 90988 6 / 1271

Q-719

Be le pie 1 8

When carrying out the method according to the invention, the speed and accordingly the onent of the discrete working column in contact with the fibers must be required in order to mechanically drive the fibers into a position in which they coalesce and float with other fibers The speed actually required depends on the nature of the flattened surface to be treated and the degree of intertwining and interweaving of the fibers. Setting the speed to a normal value can be achieved, for example, by changing the pressure acting on the liquid in the device be done according to FIG · 1 or the active power of the Puape in Fig. 4 and respectively "or Gröese the DUeen-AuetrittBÖffnung. in the following table (let the effect of a change dee pressure and or or the off · {kicks öffnunge-Gröeae shown. In each case, a continuous thread layer is used as the Auaganga material, which is applied to a 30-cheese hen sieve is applied and treated on a device of the type inclined in Figο4. The layer is treated on each side in two passes with mutually perpendicular treatment directions, where it just touches the exit openings.

909 886/1271 -39 -

Exit pressure, speed, torque per tensile strength, elongation, module, bending length

opening, space, space, ₉ # g / cm each (case), cm

mm m / sec unit, g / cm per g / m g / m -,

rakg / sec. / t

m <- - in "? -4

σ ο

X 10

VO

(a) 0.0711 141 78.6 62.03 18.01 156 5.27 2.2

Cb) 0.0711 70 32.0 9.97 .2.79 87 2.1.1 1.9

(c) 0.0711 35 16.5 0.30 1.11 ₅₆ 0.63 1.7

(dfc 0.127 141 - - 23.96 I5I 4.00 2.1

(eg 0.127 70 43.9 18.89 11.43 110 4.63 1.5

(f £ 0.127 35 33.5 11.31 9.43 138 ¹ »90 2.1

._. 0.178 141. 84 ,? 70.51 19.38 168 ⁴ x ⁹⁰ . ² > ²

^ä (IiX 0.178 70 47.5 22.61 t9.59 143 2.79 V ⁷

(* ■> 0.178 35 34.1 11.75 5.53 91 1.79 * ^Jf8

7 equal values of the properties

an untreated layer: 0.74 53 0.37 1.6

CD co 00 co

ei ·· ·· · t

M710989

Q-719 example 9

When carrying out the method according to the invention, the fiber fleece is preferably in contact with the nozzle outlet openings during the treatment or is located fairly close to them. With increasing distance from the Dttsen-AuetrittaÖffnung the passage of the J liquid leads through the air turbulence and or "or A breakup of the columnar flow" what the Ausmäss or the intensity of Faserumeinandersehlingung and -Verflechtung achievable decreases, · The the following table explains the treatment of a continuous thread layer.

_909886/12 71 ^ ₀ OR ₁ G ₁ NAL

-41 -

e
σ Exit » Pressure, Distance from O opening,' at the exit 2. opening, » O. cm (a) 0.711 141 contact (b) 0.71Ί _ν 141 2.5 (c) 0.711 141 5.1 («3) 0.711 141 10.2 M. 0.711 70 contact gf) 0.711 70 2 * 5 0.711 70 5.1, Sh) '0.711 70 * 10.2 cn
^^ 0.178 141 contact 0.178 Ui 2.5 tit) 0.178 .; "ui 5.1 (D 0.178 141 10.2 («0 0.178 70 ' 20.3 / '· ■' ■ ■ '■ ί. "■ '

Reiaafestig- expansion, module, r

Ice it, ρ i> g / cm per g / m

g / cm per g / m ^c

18.01 156 5 _r 27

• 18.22 118 2.84

13.69 122 3.05

Turbulence destroys sample -,

2.79 3.42 2.90 0.90

87 90 87 67

2.11 1.26 1.06 0.9 ^ 5

19.38 168 4.90 6.90 123 1.42

Turbulence destroys the sample, Turbulence destroys the sample

0.95

0.42

Bending length (case), cm

2.2 1.9 2.1

1.9

2 · 2

2.1

all indications for the Aueaaee of Faaerua entanglement and entanglement "• igt the above table" daao the pairing together and entanglement la generally abniaot with increasing distance from the Dtfeen exit opening. With larger outlet openings and / or higher pressures, the turbulence tends to occur to limit the Haziaälabatand. At lower pressures, the samples should be treated at greater intervals, without being destroyed by turbulence. If the factors are otherwise the same, however, the degree of mutual interconnection applies and «interweaving relieves the pressure.

Example 10

Daa Auamaes the Faaeruaeinandersehlingung and _{-verfleohtung}} daa is achievable at a given pressure, the number of passes can be vergröasern by an increase. The effect of repeated passes is explained in the following table on a continuous thread layer, a device of the type shown in FIG. 4 being used fed 0.071 i-aun access openings so that it just touches them. Each treatment consists of two stages, which are carried out in treatment directions that are perpendicular to each other.

9098 86 / 1271a ^: * i ^

BATH ORIGINAL

• · ,, ■ 'ϊ

^: ·. · · .. ···· ··· ■ Y710989

follow, per shift side

Maneuverability Beieefestig- Beb- Module, bending length,. _P nung, g / em per (case), cnr g / cm per g / nT $> g / ür

1 2.84 93 0.90 1.7 2 27.13 129 7.64 1.6 4th 17.38 142 1.90 1.8

The size of the nozzle exit opening can also be calibrated depending on the material to be treated and the desired effect «. In general, the Grösee the outlet opening when treating loose fiber webs and like preferably according to the basis weight of the The material and the titer of the fibers in it varies Titern outlets of small diameter (2. Β » 0.0711 mm), while increasing> area weighted or larger openings (e.g. 0.12 * 7 or 0.178 mm) are used «For structurally stable starting

fabrics, such as woven or knitted fabrics, are preferably outlet openings with a larger diameter (ζ, B. 0.173'mm) used to have a high degree of fiber entanglement and interweaving

909886/1271 -44-

BATH ORIGINAL

Q-719

The medium used in the process according to the invention does not have to be collapsible, i.e. a liquid, since the jet must be able to identify itself as a discrete column over a limited distance from the point of its exit ₀ Compressible fluids, such as air, nitrogen or other gases which disperse rapidly when exiting a nozzle _{orifice, are not effective p} The results obtained by treatment with water and with nitrogen are in the following example compared.,

example

A loose layer of randomly arranged continuous filaments serves as the starting material. Using the device according to Pig «4, a sample of the layer is applied to a 30-mesh sieve and passed through outlet openings mm are arranged and with water of HI at are fed printing, the layer contacted openings the exit, each layer side is in two passes at mutually ¹ perpendicular treatment directions; "behaBdelto the layer is then entfernti dried and examined It is found that the loae Layer converted into a stable cohesion having nonwoven fabric

.45.

Q-719

is. A second sample is treated in a similar manner, with the modification that 0.173 _t m outlets are used at 1.270 mm center-to-center distances and that the sample is on a 10-liter sieve. Properties of the untreated and treated layers:.

Tensile strength- elongation, module, ₂ bending length ifli'is g / n ² *. S ^{/ m ie} ^ * ^(mi) V ^cn

untreated
delte
layer 0.74 53 .- 0.37 1.6 Exit
opening 18pO1 156 5.27 2.2 0.178mm
Access

opening

19.38

168

4.90

2.2

The significant increase in tensile strength of the water-treated samples shows that a high degree of fiber entanglement and entanglement has been obtained. ^;

The above two experiments are then carried out on further samples of the Sohioht repeats under identical conditions with the modification that instead of water nitrogen of 141 at

909806/1271

BATH ORIGINAL

• · · · ι ι

ft I 'III II <

• a ·· t '

Q-719

turns. The nitrogen treated samples are removed and examined The investigation reveals that, apparently, some Surface fibers were "blown around", but otherwise no visible effect foetzuotellen is «The * moisture of these samples is essentially unchanged compared to the untreated layer. I.

The. The above experiments are then repeated using a stack of vlieeee as the outside material. Again, the result is Treatment with the fluids having a high speed. Eigkeitastrahlen an amalgamation and interweaving of the Fibers, while the treatment with the gas jets has no effect remain.

In a final trial of this series of experiments, a sample is used of the stacking fleece aa first moistened with water and then subjected to the action of nitrogen from "141 et from 0.178 mo outlet openings" Ea is no looping of the pasers and interdependence.

909886/1271

- 47 =

Claims (1)

1. Process for the production of an opaque, solid nonwoven fabric by tJmeinahdersohlingen and braiding of fibers or threads in a fiber fleece, characterized in that a fine "columnar beam of a non-compressible" can be applied from at least one opening onto the fiber fleece carried by a perforated backing layer. flowable medium at a speed of at least 16 m / seo. directs 2. The method according to claim 1 «characterized« that one uses a jet of "less than 0.2 mm Durohmesser" 2. The method according to claim 1 and / or or 2, characterized in that the fluid medium used is water. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flowable medium with a Speed of at least 32 m / sec. applies - 48 - 909866/1271 ^ iiiÄiNr.11 *! * · * ¹ "· ¹ » * ^ "BAD ■ ■ · * • ι · ι 't C * I c «c im • t * Q-719 Method according to one of claims 1 to 4t, characterized in that the flowable medium with the temperature the environment. - Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an intermittent beam is brought into effect ₀ -M 7ο The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the effects of the flowable Medium or during its action the relative position of a beam and the two-dimensional material changed » The method of claim 8 _V 7t characterized in that one moves back and forth scan at least one beam in the width direction of the nonwoven fabric of this continuously in "the longitudinal direction forward. 'F 9. The method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one beam is at an oblique angle allows the nonwoven to take effect. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9 #, characterized in that that by the action of the flowable medium 9098 86/1 2 71. ^ f Q-719 " a seam-like bond along a predetermined path caused by threads. ο method according to claim 10 _p characterized * that one creates a number of seam-like bonds present in a pattern in relation to -φ one another « j 12ο method according to claim 11, characterized in that : one continuously unites by treating a fleece : te forms parallel seams and then cuts the material between the seams to form a yarn. 13ο Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that rHsa one is made of a fiber fleece in the form of a multiple, independent structures composed of structures begins. - 50 -909886/1271 BATH ORIGINAL 4 blank page