DE102016109568B4 - Electro-muscle stimulation electrode, garment, method of making a garment and use of an electrode - Google Patents

Abstract

Electromuscular stimulation electrode (8) comprises at least one body layer (10), which is designed as an electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layer, wherein a contact surface (11) of the body layer (10) is arranged in contact with the skin of a the electrode (8) to be stimulated person, an electrically conductive intermediate layer (15) disposed within or at one edge of the body layer (10) so that at each point a defined minimum distance (m) to the contact surface and an electrically insulating Outer layer (20) which is arranged on the opposite side of the contact surface of the electrode (8).

Description

The present invention relates to an electrode for controlling stimulation pulses, a garment and the manufacture of a garment.

Stimulation pulses are known in the art, particularly electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for stimulating various biological tissues such as muscles and nerves.

In DE 37 88 755 T2 discloses a multilayered electrode consisting of a conductive gel, a conductive element and an insulating polyurethane foam. The gel serves as a contact point between the conductive element and the skin. No elasticity or elasticity values are mentioned. The attachment to a garment is not mentioned.

DE 690 27 527 T2 describes an electrode made of a conductive cloth, which has a conductive wire on top and is connected to an insulating layer. At the bottom there is a conductive adhesive that is in contact with the skin of a patient. Furthermore, it is stated in the document that the electrode is flexible and extensible in two directions, and a cell-type lingual needle knit achieves better percentage elongations, yet no elasticity values of the electrode are stated.

Also in DE 25 52 197 A1 discloses a multilayered electrode consisting of an adhesive layer making contact with the body of a patient and a conductive foil and an outer cover plate. Here, the cover plate is called elastic, but no elasticity values are mentioned. Also, no garment is taught on which the electrode is attached.

In DE 23 05 220 A there is described an inactive electrode which is also multi-layered and consists of an adhesive layer for attachment to the skin, an elastic film, a conductive element and an insulating shell. The elastic film is characterized only in terms of its length, width, thickness and end radius, but not with regard to any elasticity values. Again, no garment is mentioned.

An electrode system describes DE 693 29 197 T2 , which consists of a non-conductive cloth on which flexible conductive patches are attached and which are connected via an electrically conductive gel to the body. In addition, no elasticity or elasticity values are taught. DE 694 28 104 T2 contains a similar teaching, except that the non-conductive cloth is shaped in the form of flexible pockets that can be used for heat and cold transmission. However, no elasticities are mentioned here.

US 2004/0009731 A1 discloses a coherently knitted garment containing regions of electrically conductive threads and in contact with the wearer's body. These regions are connected by electrically conductive elements to a signal processing unit located directly behind the conductive region. Again, no elasticity called.

Also DE 28 14 061 A1 discloses a multilayer ground electrode consisting of a conductive adhesive layer in contact with a patient's skin, a conductive textile substrate, and an insulating layer. Again, no comparison is made between the conductive textile substrate and other layers of the electrode for stretchability or elasticity.

Frequently, in electro-muscle stimulation, a garment is used in which the required electrodes are detachably or permanently integrated. High quality modern EMS systems use a large number of electrodes. In this case, the effort that is placed on the electrical or electronic control increases accordingly. Likewise, a large number of electrical conductors are needed to transmit the pulses of electrostimulation to the controller. Since a significant power has to be transmitted over this, a correspondingly large conductor cross section is required.

The purpose of the electrodes is to ensure the best possible transmission of the EMS impulses to the skin of the exercising person. This is especially true when the electrodes are permanently integrated into the sportswear. This garment has a high elasticity of up to 100%, which is necessary to ensure a good concern of clothing (with the electrodes) on the skin.

The object of the present invention is to provide an electrode which is well integrated into the clothing and ensures a secure power transmission.

This object is achieved with the electrode of claim 1 and the method of claim 12 and a use of claim 15. Preferred developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

An electrode according to the invention, in particular for electromuscular stimulation (EMS), comprises at least one body layer which acts as an electrical conductive plastic and / or silicone layer is carried out, wherein a contact surface of the body layer is adapted to be in contact with the skin of a person to be stimulated via the electrode. An electrically conductive intermediate layer of the electrode is arranged within or on an edge of the body layer such that there is a defined minimum distance to the contact surface at each point. And an electrically insulating outer layer is disposed on the opposite side of the contact surface of the electrode. Important is the good and area current transmission from the electrode to the skin. Local areas of too high power transmission should be avoided, as this creates an uncomfortable feeling for the user. This result is achieved in that the body layer has a relatively good electrical conductivity. The intermediate layer is significantly better conductive in comparison. This means that the current (or voltage) can be evenly distributed within the intermediate layer. The body layer preferably has a thickness that is as constant as possible and in this way the same electrical potential can be transmitted to the skin at each point of the electrode, thereby avoiding regions of excessive stimulation and regions within the electrode with too little stimulation.

It is advantageous if the intermediate layer has an elasticity of greater than 23% and the body layer has an elasticity of greater than 27%. For example, the elasticity of the intermediate layer may be 27% and that of the body layer 30%. Alternatively or additionally, it is preferred that the elasticity of the body layer is at least 2% greater than the elasticity of the intermediate layer. If the electrode is connected to the clothing, the electrode should have the greatest possible elasticity, so that the clothing can continue to rest well on the body. The upper range of about 30% elasticity of the intermediate layer is technically conditioned, since it is technically difficult to manufacture electrically conductive electrodes with a higher elasticity. The elasticity of the body layer results from the fact that it should be slightly larger than that of the intermediate layer in order to avoid tearing of the body layer.

In particular, the said minimum distance can be greater than 0.4 mm and in particular at least 0.5 mm. On the one hand, the body layer should be as thin as possible. On the other hand, there should be some insulation from the intermediate layer to the skin. This is expressed by the above-mentioned minimum distance and this causes a flat uniform current transmission.

Also, the distance between the contact surface and the intermediate layer may be smaller than 1.2 mm, and more preferably smaller than 1.0 mm. Too thick a body layer would make the electrode itself too thick. Also, the resistance of the body layer would have to be set very low, yet to ensure a good transmission of the EMS signal to the skin.

It is also advantageous if the intermediate layer has electrically conductive fibers and electrically non-conductive fibers. The intermediate layer in this concept is the layer that absorbs the mechanical forces when tearing at the electrode. It is a peculiarity of electrically conductive fibers that their elasticity is often limited. If, in this sense, a fiber mixture is arranged in the intermediate layer, so that the electrically conductive fibers z. B. are guided in more or less wide loops, non-conductive fibers can primarily absorb the forces. This means in particular that electrically conductive fibers are at least partially arranged in loops, so that when a tensile load transverse to the contact surface a large part of the tensile load can be absorbed by the electrically non-conductive fibers. The term "fiber" is to be interpreted broadly and includes synthetic and natural fibers and threads and the like. The fibers may optionally be electrically conductive coated or may be metallic wires.

In particular, the intermediate layer consists of a layer of disordered fibers, wherein at least a part of the fibers is designed to be electrically conductive. This results in unidirectionally good elastic properties. The intermediate layer can be embedded in the body layer.

The intermediate layer may also itself be two- or multi-layered. In this case, a layer may be electrically conductive and a layer may serve for the Zugaufnahme and optionally be configured non-conductive. The train receiving layer may be on the outside. The intermediate layer may have a layer which serves for the contacting. This contacting layer may contain or be connected to a connecting element. Between the layers separating layers can be provided, which cause a separation of incompatible materials. The intermediate layer may consist of a two-layered structure, wherein a conductive layer of silicone is combined with a textile layer for tensile absorption. The silicone layer is especially inside. The silicone layer may be formed of a silicone adhesive and thus also serve to connect layers.

It is furthermore advantageous if the surface resistance of the body layer is less than 80 ohms / sqr, preferably less than 30 ohms / sqr. In particular, it can be> 15 ohms / sqr.

In a corresponding garment, the electrode and the garment have been made in separate operations. Subsequently, these parts were permanently connected to each other, as in particular in a step of sewing, bonding and / or gluing. In an alternative embodiment, the electrode may be constructed on a textile web or on the garment.

Alternatively, the garment may comprise at least one garment-forming textile web. In the process, electrically conductive areas and insulating areas between them were incorporated into the textile web during production. This can be done in the manufacturing process (weaving, knitting, ...) or subsequently in a process of embroidery. To form the electrode (s), the textile web has been provided on the conductive regions on one side with an electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layer forming the body layer. And opposite of this, the electrically insulating outer layer has been applied. As a result, the best possible integration of the electrodes is realized with the garment. The thickness of the electrode can thereby be minimized and the transition from the electrode to the material of the textile web can be done fluently so as to avoid or at least reduce mechanical stress peaks at the transition.

In a method for producing a piece of clothing, a textile web is first produced and electrically conductive areas and electrically insulating areas and / or conductor track areas for contacting the electrically conductive areas are incorporated into the textile web. In particular, the incorporated conductor track areas are placed in loops, so that they are not burdened at a stretch of the garment on train. It can also be provided a contact with freely routed cables. The electrically conductive regions are coated from one side with an electrically conductive layer, and opposite thereto, an electrically insulating coating is applied as the outer layer. The production of the conductive areas and the conductor track areas can take place at the same time as the production of the textile web (eg weaving or knitting processes) or the conductive areas can be subsequently applied (eg embroidery).

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Show it:

1 a schematic representation of a portable system for controlling EMS pulses during an EMS application to an EMS user,

2 a cross section of an electrode of a first embodiment,

3 a cross section of an electrode of another embodiment and

4 a schematic view of the structure of an intermediate layer of an electrode.

In 1 is a piece of clothing 30 shown, which is designed as a shirt. Alternatively, the garment may be pants, a jacket, vest, sock, stocking, pantyhose or the like. At the garment 30 are electrodes 8th attached and via an electrical conductor 9 with a pulse unit 5 connected to a data processing unit 4 includes. The data processing unit 4 is with a user interface 6 connected to a visualization unit 61 and input unit 62 encompasseth. The user interface 6 may be a standard smartphone, tablet or the like. As for the pulse unit, a battery supply 7 is provided, is the resulting system 1 electromuscular simulation (EMS) mobile usable. So you can use it, for example, outdoors in various sports or (moving) games.

The electrodes 8th can be designed as individual electrodes depending on the desired conditions. In this case, the current flow may be designed to flow from one of the electrodes shown to the other electrode shown. Alternatively, one or more central return electrodes (not shown) can be provided, via which the circuit is closed. Alternatively, each of the electrodes 8th comprise two (or more) sub-electrodes, thus providing a closed circuit across the sub-electrodes.

The electrodes 8th are multi-layered. An inner layer, also called a body layer 10 is called, is so on the textile 30 attached to the body of the person exercising with the system. The surface, which rests against the body, is subsequently referred to as the contact surface 11 designated. A non-conductive outer layer 20 is mounted on the side facing away from the body. This layer is not conductive, so that a person can not, for example. With the arms touch the electrically conductive areas and can get an unpleasant electric shock. Between these layers 10 and 20 is an intermediate layer 15 arranged. The intermediate layer 15 is designed to be electrically conductive and with the conductors 9 connected.

The intermediate layer 15 According to the invention, it can preferably be configured such that a connecting element is provided which comprises at least one electrically conductive fiber of the intermediate layer 15 - z. B. via a conductor 9 - With a power source, especially the battery supply 7 combines. The connecting element can be configured in particular as a plug connection or push button. The connector in particular provides an electrical contact between a conductor 9 and at least one electrically conductive fiber of the intermediate layer 15 ago. A push button is preferably anchored in the intermediate layer, so that an electrical contact can be made. The leader 9 is then over the push button with the intermediate layer 15 connected. It has proven advantageous to press the button in the intermediate layer 15 Anchoring in the plastic or silicone of the body layer 10 the stability of the body layer 10 impaired and a metal push button can hinder the curing of the plastic or silicone in the production. Of course, those skilled in the art also known other fasteners that are basically suitable for contacting. Such alternatives are also included according to the invention.

2 and 3 show two different embodiments of the intermediate layer 15 , In 3 is the intermediate layer 15 identical to the separation surface of the layers 10 and 20 executed. In 2 is the intermediate layer 15 into the body layer 10 integrated at the edge area, that of the outer layer 20 is adjacent. Here is the intermediate layer 15 designed so that a distance m to the contact surface 11 the body layer 15 exists, which rests on the body of the person to be trained when using the electrode. The body layer is 0.5 mm thick in a preferred embodiment. It can be a conductive silicone or plastic layer. It preferably has a resistance of <80 ohms / square and preferably <30 ohms / square. The unit ohms / square indicates a specific resistance which is dependent on the measuring surface and is determined in particular by the intermediate layer 15 up to the contact surface 11 measured. In an alternative embodiment, the intermediate layer 15 into the body layer 10 embedded.

The intermediate layer 15 may comprise a woven or knitted fabric of a resilient fibrous material. In this case, either all the fibers can be designed to be electrically conductive or only a certain proportion. In particular embodiments, the intermediate layer may consist of a single conductive thread. The electrical fibers may be metallic conductors (cables). Alternatively, this may be a synthetic thread or fibers made of a conductive material. Also, a non-conductive synthetic or organic thread may be provided with an electrically conductive surface. This may in particular be a metal, such as a silver or titanium coating.

The intermediate layer preferably has an elasticity of 27%. In general, a range of elasticity of 27 +/- 5% is advantageous. The elasticity is the percentage value of how much the intermediate layer (or the considered layer) can be stretched in a reversible region. Reversible means that the considered layer is returned to its original shape after discharge. The limit of elasticity may be a breaking elongation at which the material breaks. Some fabrics are constructed so that they are elastically extensible up to a defined limit with a largely proportional increase in tensile force and reach a maximum value beyond which further elongation occurs upon further application of force. This value is referred to as the maximum strain in this case. The elasticity of the body layer is preferably 30%. In general, an elasticity of 30% +/- 5% is advantageous. It is also advantageous if, when considering the difference, the elasticity of the body layer 10 at least 2% greater than the elasticity of the intermediate layer 15 , Also, considering the ratio, the elasticity of the body layer may be 10% greater than the elasticity of the intermediate layer 15 be. This will ensure that the body layer 10 When using the electrode does not come to its yield strength (elongation at break) and it is thus prevented in the body layer 10 Form cracks. The conductivity of the body layer can be achieved by adding graphite or carbon black or a proportion of - in particular short pieces - of conductive fibers. The body layer preferably has 10 but no embedded fabric or knit. So it is not very suitable to absorb high tensile loads. Instead, this task is preferably performed by the intermediate layer 15 and / or the textile of the garment and / or the outer layer 20 accepted. Because the interlayer 15 in particular has a fiber content, the absorption of the tensile force is better possible here, without causing damage to the material. The outer layer is preferably a very thin and elastic layer with a high electrical resistance, since its essential task is to isolate the electrode to the outside, ie away from the body.

As mentioned above, forms in the embodiment according to 3 the intermediate layer 15 the boundary between the body layer 10 and the outer layer 20 , This structure is made by the intermediate layer 15 with z. B. a squeegee with the viscous material of the body layer is coated while the material is evenly distributed. This results in a three-layer structure. In this case, the area of the intermediate layer is preferred 15 between the individual fibers completely filled with the material of the body layer, so as to obtain a good electrical current transfer. It can also be produced in a forming tool that can be brought into a closed state in which a cavity is filled by the electrode, this structure. So it becomes the body-side contact surface 11 the electrode 8th given their contour or surface structure.

The contact surface 11 the electrode is preferably rough. In this case, the roughness Ra, for example, be greater than 2 microns. A high roughness increases the contact surface to the skin and thus the contact resistance. When using the electrode, it is better to form a moisture (perspiration) film that makes it easier to remove the garment 30 undress.

It can, as in 2 shown the interlayer 15 also in the body layer 10 be embedded. This can be done in a manufacturing process in which z. B. with a doctor blade or by molding or injection molding conditions is ensured that the intermediate layer 15 so good with the material of the body layer 10 is interspersed that gives the appearance that the interlayer 15 lies within the body layer. In any case, there is a defined minimum distance from the intermediate layer 15 to the contact surface available. The intermediate layer is preferably about 0.1-0.4 mm thick. The intermediate layer can basically be produced in any desired manner. Preferably, it is woven, knitted, knitted or designed as a non-woven with disordered fibers; it can be made on a belt / loom. The intermediate layer 15 assumes the function of distributing the applied energy within the area of the electrode. In addition, it enables contacting with the energy source.

In one embodiment, the invention comprises a method, wherein a textile web or a piece of clothing, which at least in partial areas with a non-conductive outer layer 20 is charged. On the non-conductive outer layer 20 An electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layer can be applied. On the cured, uncured or partially cured plastic and / or silicone layer is the intermediate layer 15 applied (eg on-hook). The intermediate layer 15 In extreme cases, it can consist of a single conductive thread. On the interlayer 15 Then another electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layer is applied. The two electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layers together form the body layer 10 into which the interlayer 15 is embedded. This structure has the advantage that the intermediate layer 15 can be embedded more stable than when pouring. In particular, the minimum distance to the contact surface is ensured. An accidental passage of an electrically conductive thread of the intermediate layer through the body layer is not to be feared in this way. In particular embodiments is applied to the outer layer 20 omitted and just sketched construction of electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layers and intermediate layer is applied directly to the textile, so that the textile as it were the role of - not necessarily present in this embodiment - non-conductive fibers of the intermediate layer takes (Zugaufnahme). The electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layers can be used in the form of sheets or films, which facilitates the processing. The invention also relates to an electrode produced in this way or a piece of clothing manufactured in this way. The intermediate layer may comprise 100% of the conductive fibers. Manufacturing can be done on a roll, each with a conductor, either individually in shape or as a surface for later trimming. The role could be easy to use in pick and place procedures. Alternatively, the electrode can also first be constructed on the textile.

The electrodes can be produced in such a way that initially a base body is produced which contains the individual layers and whose size is a multiple of the individual electrodes. This basic body can then be cut to the size of the individual electrodes. As a result, an automated production of EMS clothing via the pick and place method is possible.

Alternatively, it is advantageous if the electrode is built on the material of the EMS clothing. This material has a high elasticity. It can be greater than 50% and in particular greater than 80%. In many cases it is 100%. In this material, the electrically conductive areas may be incorporated (eg woven or knitted) with. Thus, the zones which are to serve as electrodes later, are designed with a uniform distribution of electrically conductive fibers. The electrical conductors of the power supply can also be incorporated into the textile. As a result, no or at least less electrical cables are required, which, as in 1 be shown, freely and kept away from the textile. The prepared textiles are coated on both sides, namely on the one side with the body layer 10 and the other side with the outer layer 20 , The material of the EMS clothing serves as an intermediate layer in this way 15 ,

In 4 For example, a weaving process is shown for making the intermediate layer 15 that is a fabric of non-conductive fibers 16 having. The fibers 16 are connected as warp and weft threads. In this braid, the conductive fibers are integrated. So is a conductive fiber 17 shown, which is geflottet. This means that it is partially not integrated into the web structure. Instead, she is guided in a wide arc. The fact that they also move slightly during the integration into the plastic matrix, mechanical tensile stresses that are applied to the electrode, not or only slightly absorbed by the conductive fiber. The same principle is possible with a mesh connection of the intermediate layer, such as. B. in a knitting.

The use of the electrodes of this invention is not limited to electromuscular stimulation. Rather, the electrodes can also be used for other purposes. Uses of an electrode or a garment according to the invention for electromuscular stimulation EMS and / or for measuring one or more parameters are according to the invention. According to the invention, in particular, the use of the electrode as a or in a pressure sensor, ultrasonic sensor, acoustic sensor, touch sensor, resistance sensor, in particular for body resistance measurement, electromyography, acceleration sensor, position sensor, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor, sensor for measuring oxygen saturation, sensor for bioelectric Impedance analysis (BIA); Sensor for measuring magnetoresistance; Motion sensor, touch sensor, pulse rate sensor, heart rate sensor, ECG sensor, temperature sensor, sensor for detecting fat burning, calorie consumption sensor, welding sensor, location, especially GPS, sensor, breathing sensor, in particular for measuring respiratory rate and / or depth of breath, spirometry sensor, lactate sensor , Blood glucose sensor, pH sensor and the like.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

system

3

sensor

4

Data processing unit, control

5

pulse unit

6

User interface

61

visualization unit

62

input means

7

energy

8th

electrode

9

ladder

10

body layer

11

contact surface

15

interlayer

16

electrically insulating fibers

17

electrically conductive fiber (s)

20

outer layer

30

Textile, garment

m

minimum distance

Claims (14)

Electrode ( 8th ) comprising: - at least one body layer ( 10 ), which is designed as an electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layer, wherein a contact surface ( 11 ) of the body layer ( 10 ) is in contact with the skin of one via the electrode ( 8th ) to be stimulated person, wherein the body layer has an elasticity of greater than 27%, - an electrically conductive intermediate layer ( 15 ) within or at one edge of the body layer ( 10 ) is arranged so that there is a defined minimum distance (m) to the contact surface at each point, wherein the intermediate layer has an elasticity of greater than 23% and wherein the elasticity of the body layer is at least 2% greater than the elasticity of the intermediate layer. - And an electrically insulating outer layer ( 20 ) at the contact surface ( 11 ) opposite side of the electrode ( 8th ) is arranged. Electrode ( 8th ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum distance (m) is greater than 0.4 mm and in particular at least 0.5 mm. Electrode ( 8th ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at each point of the electrode, the distance (m) between the contact surface ( 11 ) and the intermediate layer ( 15 ) is less than 1.2 mm and in particular less than 1.0 mm. Electrode ( 8th ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate layer ( 15 ) comprises electrically conductive fibers and electrically non-conductive fibers. Electrode ( 8th ) according to claim 4, wherein the electrically conductive fibers are at least partially arranged in loops, so that when a tensile load transverse to the contact surface, a large part of the tensile load can be absorbed by the electrically non-conductive fibers. Electrode ( 8th ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate layer ( 15 ) consists of a layer of disordered fibers, at least one part ( 17 ) of the fibers is designed to be electrically conductive. Electrode ( 8th ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface resistance of the body layer ( 10 ) is less than 80 ohms / sqr, preferably less than 30 ohms / sqr, and more preferably> 15 ohms / sqr. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layer is a connecting element, in particular push-button or Plug connector, and wherein the connecting element is adapted to connect the electrode to a power source. Garment ( 30 ) comprising an electrode ( 8th ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode and the item of clothing have been produced in separate working steps and subsequently permanently connected to one another, in particular in a sewing, bonding and / or gluing step. Garment ( 30 ) comprising an electrode ( 8th ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising at least one textile web forming the garment, wherein in the manufacture of the textile web electrically conductive regions ( 15 ) and intervening insulating regions have been incorporated and to form the electrode (s) the textile web at the conductive areas ( 15 ) on a side with a body layer ( 10 ) is provided electrically conductive plastic and / or silicone layer and lying opposite the electrically insulating outer layer ( 20 ) is applied, and in particular the garment consists of one or more such textile web (s), without all textile webs having to be provided with conductive portions and / or electrodes. Process for the production of a garment, wherein first a textile web is produced and electrically conductive regions ( 15 ) are incorporated with an elasticity of greater than 23% and electrically insulating regions and conductor track areas for contacting the electrically conductive regions in the textile web, and the electrically conductive regions ( 15 ) from one side with an electrically conductive layer as the body layer ( 10 ), whose elasticity is greater than 27%, coated and opposite an electrically insulating coating as an outer layer ( 20 ) is applied. Process for the production of a garment according to claim 11, wherein first a textile web is produced and subsequently an electrically insulating layer as outer layer ( 20 ) is attached to the textile web and intermediate layer ( 15 ) and body layer ( 10 ) are applied. Method according to claim 12, wherein the intermediate layer ( 15 ) comprises at least one electrically conductive fiber. Use of an electrode according to one of claims 1 to 8, or item of clothing according to claim 9 or 10, for electromuscular stimulation EMS and / or for measuring one or more parameters, in particular as on or in a pressure sensor, ultrasonic sensor, acoustic sensor, touch sensor, resistance sensor, in particular for body resistance measurement, electromyography sensor, acceleration sensor, position sensor, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor, oxygen saturation sensor, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) sensor; Sensor for measuring magnetoresistance; Motion sensor, touch sensor, pulse rate sensor, heart rate sensor, ECG sensor, temperature sensor, sensor for detecting fat burning, calorie consumption sensor, welding sensor, location, especially GPS, sensor, breathing sensor, in particular for measuring respiratory rate and / or depth of breath, spirometry sensor, lactate sensor , Blood glucose sensor, pH sensor and the like.

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