DE102015001229A1 - Device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves into the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves into the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE102015001229A1 DE102015001229A1 DE102015001229.0A DE102015001229A DE102015001229A1 DE 102015001229 A1 DE102015001229 A1 DE 102015001229A1 DE 102015001229 A DE102015001229 A DE 102015001229A DE 102015001229 A1 DE102015001229 A1 DE 102015001229A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/12—Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1614—NOx amount trapped in catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1624—Catalyst oxygen storage capacity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Ein- und/oder Auskopplung von Mikrowellen in einen Abgaskatalysator oder -filter eines Verbrennungsmotors. Das Gehäuse eines Abgassensors dient gleichzeitig als Koppelelement für die Ein- und/oder Auskopplung von Mikrowellen. In einer Verallgemeinerung der Erfindung kann jedes Funktionselement, welches eine Zuleitung benötigt, als Koppelelement ausgeführt werden. Durch den Einsatz der Erfindung wird die mikrowellenbasierte Katalysatorzustandserkennung vereinfacht.The invention relates to a device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves in an exhaust gas catalytic converter or filter of an internal combustion engine. The housing of an exhaust gas sensor also serves as a coupling element for the input and / or decoupling of microwaves. In a generalization of the invention, each functional element which requires a supply can be designed as a coupling element. By using the invention, the microwave-based catalyst state detection is simplified.
Description
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erkennung des Zustands eines Abgaskatalysators oder eines Abgasfilters mittels Mikrowellen.The invention relates to a device for detecting the state of an exhaust gas catalytic converter or an exhaust gas filter by means of microwaves.
Technischer Hintergrund und Stand der TechnikTechnical background and state of the art
Zunehmend schärfere Emissionsgrenzwerte erfordern neue Konzepte der Abgasreinigung von Verbrennungsmotoren. Der Gesetzgeber verlangt zudem eine ständige Überwachung der Funktion des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems (On-board-Diagnose, OBD). In jüngster Zeit ist es gelungen, den Zustand eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems berührungslos mit Hilfe von Mikrowellen zu überwachen.Increasingly stricter emission limits require new concepts of exhaust gas purification of internal combustion engines. The legislator also requires constant monitoring of the function of the exhaust aftertreatment system (on-board diagnostics, OBD). Recently, it has been possible to monitor the condition of an exhaust aftertreatment system without contact by means of microwaves.
Im Fall eines stöchiometrisch betriebenen Ottomotors mit geregeltem Drei-Wege-Katalysator kann durch Messung von Hochfrequenz-Parametern der Sauerstoffhaushalt des Katalysators bestimmt werden. Dazu wird ein Signal im GHz-Bereich mittels eines kapazitiven oder induktiven Stiftkopplers in das Metallgehäuse, das den Katalysator beinhaltet, eingekoppelt. Die Verschiebung oder Dämpfung von charakteristischen Resonanzen ist ein Maß für den Gehalt an oxidiertem oder reduziertem Cer-Speichermaterial [1] und kann sogar zur Steuerung zu Rate gezogen werden [2]. Des Weiteren kann das genannte Verfahren auch auf weitere Abgasnachbehandlungsverfahren angewendet werden, so z. B. zur Beladungsdiagnose von SCR-Katalysatoren mit Ammoniak [3] oder zur Beurteilung eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators [4]. Auch die Prozessüberwachung von Industriekatalysatoren mit diesem Verfahren wurde bereits untersucht [5].In the case of a stoichiometrically operated gasoline engine with controlled three-way catalyst can be determined by measuring high-frequency parameters, the oxygen balance of the catalyst. For this purpose, a signal in the GHz range by means of a capacitive or inductive pin coupler in the metal housing, which includes the catalyst, coupled. The shift or attenuation of characteristic resonances is a measure of the content of oxidized or reduced cerium storage material [1] and can even be consulted for control [2]. Furthermore, the said method can also be applied to further exhaust aftertreatment methods, such. For example, for the loading diagnosis of SCR catalysts with ammonia [3] or for the assessment of a NO x storage catalyst [4]. Process monitoring of industrial catalysts using this process has also been investigated [5].
Offenbarungen, die den Stand der Technik der mikrowellenbasierten Katalysatorzustandsdiagnose darstellen, finden sich z. B. in der
Im Fall von keramischen Filtern zur Abgasreinigung von Diesel-Fahrzeugen (Diesel-Partikel-Filter, DPF) oder benzinbetriebenen Fahrzeugen (Gasoline-Partikel-Filter, GPF) kann ebenfalls o. g. Verfahren Anwendung finden. Hierbei wird z. B. die Transmission der Mikrowellenleistung mit zwei Koppelelementen bestimmt. Die Anlagerung elektrisch leitfähiger Rußpartikel im Filter führt zu einer Verringerung der transmittierten Leistung. Offenbarungen, die den Stand der Technik für DPF darstellen, finden sich z. B. in der umfangreichen Patentfamilie der
Bei dem mikrowellenbasierten Verfahren dient das elektrisch leitfähige metallische Gehäuse („das Canning”) der Katalysatoren oder Filter als Berandung eines Hohlleiters bzw. Hohlraumresonators. Durch eine Einkopplung elektromagnetischer Wellen mittels eines oder mehrerer Koppelelemente (oft auch vereinfacht als Antennen bezeichnet), werden Resonanzmoden angeregt, bei denen die Resonanzfrequenz und/oder die Güte ausgewertet werden kann. Als Messeffekt dient hierzu eine Änderung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften der Katalysatormaterialien bei Speicherung oder Freigabe von gasförmigen Abgasbestandteilen, beispielsweise Sauerstoff, Stickoxiden oder Ammoniak, oder bei Filtern die Anlagerung von verlustbehafteten Medien, wie beispielsweise Ruß, wodurch die Ausbildung der Resonanzen beeinflusst wird. Das System kann mit nur einer Antenne in einem reinen Reflexionsmodus oder mit zwei Antennen in einem Reflexions- und/oder Transmissionsmodus betrieben werden mit maximal vier gleichzeitig auswertbaren Parametern, wobei die Antennen als kapazitive Stiftkoppler oder als induktive Schleifenantennen ausgeführt sein können. Es ist auch möglich, die Signale über einen bestimmten Frequenzbereich zu integrieren.In the microwave-based method, the electrically conductive metallic housing ("the canning") of the catalysts or filters serves as the boundary of a waveguide or cavity resonator. By coupling electromagnetic waves by means of one or more coupling elements (often also referred to simply as antennas), resonance modes are excited in which the resonance frequency and / or the quality can be evaluated. As a measuring effect this serves to change the dielectric properties of the catalyst materials during storage or release of gaseous exhaust gas constituents, for example oxygen, nitrogen oxides or ammonia, or in filters the accumulation of lossy media, such as soot, whereby the formation of the resonances is affected. The system can be operated with only one antenna in a pure reflection mode or with two antennas in a reflection and / or transmission mode with a maximum of four simultaneously evaluable parameters, the antennas can be designed as a capacitive pin coupler or as inductive loop antennas. It is also possible to integrate the signals over a certain frequency range.
Für alle genannten Anwendungen ist es also nötig, geeignete Koppelelemente (oft auch als Antennen bezeichnet) zu finden, die an die geometrischen Rahmenbedingungen der jeweiligen Anwendung angepasst sind. Aus Sicht der Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik muss gleichzeitig bedacht werden, dass das Abgas und damit auch das Abgasrohr mehrere hundert Grad Celsius heiß werden kann.For all these applications, it is therefore necessary to find suitable coupling elements (often referred to as antennas) that are adapted to the geometric conditions of the respective application. From the point of view of the bodywork and connection technology, it must be considered at the same time that the exhaust gas and thus also the exhaust pipe can become several hundred degrees Celsius hot.
All die anfangs genannten Abgasnachbehandlungssysteme können Abgassensoren benötigen. Das sind Sensoren, die mehr oder weniger selektiv die Konzentration zumindest einer Abgaskomponente detektieren. Beispiele hierzu sind die Lambda-Sonde mit sprungförmiger Kennlinie, die Breitband-Lambda-Sonde, der NOx-Sensor, der NH3-Sensor oder der Kohlenwasserstoffsensor. Übersichten zur Abgassensorik findet man z. B. in [6, 7, 8]. Weiterhin können solche Abgasnachbehandlungssysteme weitere Komponenten mit elektrischer Funktion, wie bspw. Einspritzventile für eine Harnstoffwasserlösung, oder einen Differenzdrucksensor zur Überwachung des Filters benötigen.All the aftertreatment systems mentioned above may require exhaust gas sensors. These are sensors that more or less selectively detect the concentration of at least one exhaust gas component. Examples include the lambda probe with a jump-shaped characteristic, the broadband lambda probe, the NO x sensor, the NH 3 sensor or the hydrocarbon sensor. Overviews for exhaust gas sensors can be found z. In [6, 7, 8]. Furthermore, such exhaust aftertreatment systems may require other components with electrical function, such as injection valves for a urea water solution, or a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the filter.
Nachteile des Standes der TechnikDisadvantages of the prior art
Setzt man zusätzlich zu einem Abgassensor das Mikrowellen-Verfahren ein, so bedeutet dies, dass zusätzlich zu den Abgassensoren geeignete Koppelelemente eingebaut werden müssen, was sowohl finanziellen wie auch technischen Mehraufwand bedeutet. Außerdem können weitere Einbauteile im Resonator, wie sie Abgassensoren darstellen, die Mikrowellenmessung stören.If the microwave method is used in addition to an exhaust gas sensor, this means that suitable coupling elements must be installed in addition to the exhaust gas sensors, which means both financial and technical overhead. In addition, other built-in parts in the resonator, as they are exhaust gas sensors, interfere with the microwave measurement.
Grundgedanke der Erfindung Basic idea of the invention
Die hier erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieses Problems sieht vor, dass das Gehäuse des Abgassensors gleichzeitig als oft auch als Antenne bezeichnetes Koppelelement für die Ein- und/oder Auskopplung von Mikrowellen dient und dass nur ein Kabel zu diesem als Koppelelement dienenden Abgassensor führt. In einer Verallgemeinerung der Erfindung kann jedes Funktionselement, welches eine Zuleitung benötigt, als Koppelelement ausgeführt werden.The solution of this problem according to the invention provides that the housing of the exhaust gas sensor simultaneously serves as a coupling element often referred to as an antenna for the input and / or output of microwaves and that only one cable leads to this exhaust gas sensor serving as a coupling element. In a generalization of the invention, each functional element which requires a supply can be designed as a coupling element.
Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren näher beschrieben. Dabei ist das bestehende Funktionselement, das dergestalt modifiziert werden soll, dass es als Koppelelement dienen kann, beispielhaft als Abgassensor in Anlehnung an den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer planaren Lambda-Sonde gezeigt. Für den Fachmann sind aber auch weitere Abgassensoren oder andere Funktionselemente denkbar. Ein anderes Funktionselement könnte zum Beispiel ein Einspritzventil sein, welches eine Harnstoffwasserlösung in den Abgasstrang einspritzt. Ein nochmals anderes Funktionselement könnte zum Beispiel eine Kombination aus Stichleitung und Differenzdrucksensor sein, wie sie zurzeit bei DPF verbaut wird, um im Betrieb den Druckabfall über einem DPF zu messen.In the following the invention will be described in more detail with reference to figures. In this case, the existing functional element, which is to be modified in such a way that it can serve as a coupling element, is shown by way of example as an exhaust gas sensor based on the basic structure of a planar lambda probe. However, other exhaust gas sensors or other functional elements are also conceivable for the person skilled in the art. Another functional element could, for example, be an injection valve which injects a urea-water solution into the exhaust gas line. Yet another functional element could be, for example, a combination stub and differential pressure sensor currently installed at DPF to measure the pressure drop across a DPF during operation.
Es zeigen im Folgenden:It show below:
Eine mögliche Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird in
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung (
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung (
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform (
Einspritzdüsen können auch in Form kreisförmig runder Zerstäuberdüsen
Die Einspritzdüse
Bezüglich des Einbaus einer Einspritzdüse in den Abgasstrang kann es vorteilhaft sein, eine Stelle im Abgasstrang zu wählen, die eine gute Durchmischung der einzudüsenden Flüssigkeit in den Abgasstrang ermöglicht. Oftmals werden auch – nachgeschaltet zur Einspritzdüse – weitere Elemente zur Durchmischung des eingedüsten Mediums verwendet. In einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung der Einspritzdüse
Bezüglich der Kontaktierung der o. g. Ausführungsformen wird beispielhaft eine geeignete Anordnung der Zuleitungen zum Funktionselement (hier: Abgassensor) vorgeschlagen (
Durch die für das Koppelement nichtideale Geometrie kann eine Fehlanpassung (z. B. mit Wellenwiderstandssprüngen) auftreten. Eine geeignete Anpassbeschaltung sollte dann vorgesehen sein. Diese ist aber dem Fachmann bekannt und nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung.Due to the non-ideal geometry for the coupling element, a mismatch (eg with characteristic impedance jumps) can occur. A suitable matching circuit should then be provided. However, this is known in the art and not the subject of the invention.
Zitierte Nichtpatentliteratur Quoted non-patent literature
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[1]
R. Moos, M. Spörl, G. Hagen, A. Gollwitzer, M. Wedemann, G. Fischerauer, TWC: lambda control and OBD without lambda probe – an initial approach, SAE paper 2008-01-0916 (2008) R. Moos, M. Sporl, G. Hagen, A. Gollwitzer, M. Wedemann, G. Fischerauer, TWC: lambda control and OBD without lambda sample - an initial approach, SAE paper 2008-01-0916 (2008) -
[2]
S. Schädel, R. Moos, M. Votsmeier, G. Fischerauer, SI-Engine Control With Microwave-Assisted Direct Observation of Oxygen Storage Level in Three-Way Catalysts, IEEE Transactions an Control Systems Technology, 22, 2346–2353 (2014) See Skull, R. Moos, M. Votsmeier, G. Fischerauer, SI Engine Control With Microwave-Assisted Direct Observation of Oxygen Storage Levels in Three-Way Catalysts, IEEE Transactions at Control Systems Technology, 22, 2346-2353 (2014 ) -
[3]
S. Reiß, D. Schönauer, G. Hagen, G. Fischerauer, R. Moos, Monitoring the ammonia loading of zeolite-based ammonia SCR catalysts by a microwave method, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 34, 791–796 (2011) S. Reiß, D. Schonauer, G. Hagen, G. Fischerauer, R. Moos, Monitoring the ammonia loading of zeolite-based ammonia SCR catalysts by a microwave method, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 34, 791-796 (2011) -
[4]
P. Fremerey, S. Reiß, A. Geupel, G. Fischerauer, R. Moos, Determination of the NOx Loading of an Automotive Lean NOx Trap by Directly Monitoring the Electrical Properties of the Catalyst Material Itself, Sensors, 11, 8261–8280 (2011) P. Fremerey, S. Reiß, A. Geupel, G. Fischerauer, R. Moos, Determination of the NOx Loading of an Automotive Lean NOx Trap by Directly Monitoring the Electrical Properties of the Catalyst Material Itself, Sensors, 11, 8261-8280 (2011) -
[5]
N. Müller, S. Reiß, P. Fremerey, A. Jess, R. Moos, Initial tests to detect quantitatively the coke loading of reforming catalysts by a contactless microwave method, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 50, 729–731 (2011) N. Mueller, S. Reiß, P. Fremerey, A. Jess, R. Moos, Initial Tests to Detect quantitatively the coke loading of reforming catalysts by a contactless microwave method, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 50, 729-731 (2011). -
[6]
J. Riegel, H. Neumann, H.-M. Wiedenmann, Exhaust gas sensors for automotive emission control, Solid State Ionics, 152–153, 783–800 (2002) J. Riegel, H. Neumann, H.-M. Wiedenmann, Exhaust gas sensors for automotive emission control, Solid State Ionics, 152-153, 783-800 (2002) -
[7]
R. Moos, A Brief Overview an Automotive Exhaust Gas Sensors Based an Electroceramics, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2, 401–413 (2005) R. Moos, A Brief Overview of Automotive Exhaust Gas Sensors Based on Electroceramics, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2, 401-413 (2005) -
[8]
R. Moos, Automotive Exhaust Gas Sensors, In: C. A. Grimes, E. C. Dickey, M. V. Pishko (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Sensors, Vol. 1, p. 295–312, American Scientific Publishers (2006) R. Moos, Automotive Exhaust Gas Sensors, In: CA Grimes, EC Dickey, MV Pishko (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Sensors, Vol. 1, p. 295-312, American Scientific Publishers (2006)
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 10358495 [0004] DE 10358495 [0004]
- DE 102008012050 [0004] DE 102008012050 [0004]
- DE 102010034983 [0004] DE 102010034983 [0004]
- DE 102011018226 [0004] DE 102011018226 [0004]
- DE 102011107784 [0004] DE 102011107784 [0004]
- US 20130127478 A1 [0005] US 20130127478 A1 [0005]
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DE102015001229.0A DE102015001229A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | Device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves into the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine |
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DE102015001229.0A DE102015001229A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | Device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves into the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016217899A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating a catalytic converter device in the motor vehicle |
WO2018219736A1 (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Exhaust gas pipe assembly for an internal combustion engine |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102016217899A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating a catalytic converter device in the motor vehicle |
WO2018219736A1 (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Exhaust gas pipe assembly for an internal combustion engine |
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