DE102013214996A1 - Device for performing load shift in intelligent electricity distribution network, differentiates switching recommendations based on parameters including switching interval, on-probability and considered one time window - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (SEG) has a receiving unit which receives prognosis for the course of the current price (P) on a next time interval. The certain stroke current binary values of the devices main portion (G1-GN) are determined based on the switching recommendations (S1-SN). The switching recommendations are respectively differentiated based on the parameters including switching interval, on-probability and considered one time window.

Description

The invention relates to a device for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks, in which the consumption of electrical energy takes place at the best possible time, that is, when there is a lot of energy in the network, or if a variable electricity price is just low.

• – Eine feste Zeitsteuerung, z.B. für Nachtspeicheröfen. Der Strom wird nachts verbraucht, z.B. um einen thermischen Speicher aufzuheizen, und tagsüber nicht. Hierzu verwendet man z.B. eine einfache Zeitschaltuhr.
• – Ein Signal zur Umschaltung zwischen Tag- und Nachtstromtarifen. Über das Stromnetz wird ein Signal verschickt das einen Wechsel zwischen zwei verschiedenen Stromtarifen anzeigt. Dies führt dazu, dass z.B. über ein Relais ein Nachtspeicherofen nachts eingeschaltet wird.
• – Ein Signal für einen Lastabwurf im Netz. Wenn das Netz überlastet ist, also zu viele Verbraucher für zu wenig Energie vorhanden sind, wird ein Signal übers Stromnetz verschickt, das von bestimmten Verbrauchern erkannt wird, die sich dann abschalten.
• – Eine Steuerung in Abhängigkeit von der Netzfrequenz. Wenn die Frequenz im Netz unter einen Schwellwert, z.B. 49,99 Hertz, sinkt, erkennt ein Gerät dies als drohenden „Brownout" und schaltet sich in einen Betriebsmodus, der weniger Strom verbraucht.
• – Smart-Grid-Lösungen mit gerätespezifischem „Operation Manager". Dies ist die komplexeste Lösung. Eine Software, die Details der Regelungsmöglichkeiten eines Verbrauchers kennt, entscheidet anhand von Parametern aus dem Netz, wie z. B. prognostizierte Strompreise, aktuelle Lastsituation, aktuelle Anforderungen an das Gerät selbst, z.B. Heizbedarf bei einer Wärmepumpe, in welchem Betriebszustand das Gerät sein. Hier optimiert also eine gerätespezifische Software den Verbrauch. Die Software kann lokal beim bzw. sogar im Verbraucher sein, oder im Netz, z.B. beim Stromnetzbetreiber. In letzterem Fall kann die Software auch gezielt mehrere Verbraucher auf einmal optimieren, also z.B. den Energieverbrauch zeitlich staffeln.

There are several known approaches to load shifting, and some are even required by law in some countries. Examples for this are:

• - A fixed time control, eg for night storage heaters. The electricity is consumed at night, eg to heat a thermal storage, and not during the day. For this one uses eg a simple timer.
• - A signal to switch between day and night tariffs. A signal is sent via the power network that indicates a change between two different electricity tariffs. This means that, for example, a night storage heater is switched on at night via a relay.
• - A signal for a load shedding in the network. If the grid is overloaded, ie there are too many consumers for too little energy, a signal is sent through the mains, which is detected by certain consumers who then switch off.
• - One control depending on the mains frequency. If the frequency in the network drops below a threshold, eg 49.99 Hertz, a device recognizes this as a threatening "brownout" and switches to an operating mode that consumes less power.
• - Smart grid solutions with device-specific "Operation Manager." This is the most complex solution A software that knows the details of a consumer's control options decides based on parameters from the grid, such as projected electricity prices, current load situation, current Requirements for the device itself, eg heating requirements for a heat pump, in which operating state the device is.This means that device-specific software optimizes the consumption.The software can be locally at or even in the consumer or in the network, eg at the power grid operator In this case, the software can also optimize several consumers at once, eg staggering the energy consumption over time.

The object underlying the invention is now to provide a system for load shifting in smart power distribution networks, in which the user needs and characteristics of different types of electrical consumers and generators can be considered in the simplest and most uniform manner in the load shift.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 according to the invention. The other claims relate to preferred embodiments of the invention and a corresponding system with this device.

The invention relates essentially to a device for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks, in which the consumption of electrical energy takes place at the best possible time, ie when there is a lot of energy in the network, or when a variable electricity price is just low. This is achieved according to the invention in that a prognosis for the course of the electricity price over a next time interval can be received and from this in a certain clock current binary values for switching recommendations for a plurality of devices can be determined, the switching recommendations in each case only after the parameters "switching interval", Be classified as "at-probability" and "considered time-window". All possible behaviors of special operation managers that are optimized for the control of a particular device are generalized in this way, and thus, with only three parameters and a small number of discrete combinations, most practical devices can be well described. It is advantageous here that different consumers can be reasonably controlled based on their characteristics, which u. a. the lifetime of the consumer is extended and the comfort for the end user is increased by user-specific setting of parameters, and that this device can be developed, distributed, installed and maintained independently of the consumers to be controlled. In particular, the device, e.g. be distributed by an infrastructure or network operator, without the need to know the details of the control of a particular device.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing.

The invention consists in providing switch recommendations as a binary signal for different classes of devices. A switching recommendation means that it would be cheap or inconvenient for this device to consume power now. The switching recommendations are in the device according to the invention SEG generated, which is also called "switching recommendation generator" in the following. This is a software unit running eg on a small unit or box in the building of the consumer. The software can also run somewhere else, eg at the network operator or in the cloud.

In the simplest case, a switching recommendation S1 is given directly to a binary actuator A, which is connected in series with the power consumer. The consumer, for example, here the device G1, itself may still have a manual on-off switch, and possibly even a scheme or control. An example here is a switchable socket in front of a kettle, or a relay in front of a heating circulating pump.

• – eine Klimaanlage, ein Kühlschrank oder eine Heizungs-Wärmepumpe, die im Öko-Modus ein größeres Temperatur-Intervall für die Regelung zulassen, und im Normalmodus auf das normale Temperatur-Intervall regeln
• – eine Beleuchtung, die im Normalmodus sich vom Benutzer auf 100% hochdimmen lässt und im Öko-Modus nur auf 70%
• – eine Wäschetrockner, der im Normalmodus normal heiß trocknet und im Öko-Modus weniger heiß
• – eine Mikrowelle, die im Öko-Modus nur mit 600 Watt statt 900 Watt kocht und dafür länger braucht
• – eine Induktions-Herdplatte, die sich im Öko-Modus nicht auf die heißeste Stufe schalten lässt oder nur nach einem warnenden Piepsen und extra Bestätigung durch den Benutzer
• – eine Spülmaschine, die im Öko-Modus wartet und, sobald der Normalmodus kommt, ihr Spülprogramm durchläuft und
• – eine Heizungs-Automatisierungsanlage, z.B. „Synco Living“, die zwischen Betriebsarten für das ganze Haus oder für einzelne Räume wechselt, und dabei die Tageszeit, die Anwesenheit und das Automatikprogramm berücksichtigt. Im Öko-Modus kann z.B. die Temperatur im Flur abgesenkt werden, und in den Schlafzimmern ebenso.

In the more complex case, the device Gn has its own "intelligence" I built in and has two operating modes: a normal mode and an eco mode. The device gets via a separate input a control signal Sn, which tells him in which mode it should be. Examples are:

• - An air conditioner, a refrigerator or a heating heat pump, which in the eco mode allow a greater temperature interval for the control, and in the normal mode to the normal temperature interval regulate
• - lighting that can be dimmed up to 100% by the user in normal mode and only 70% in eco mode
• - a tumble dryer that dries normally hot in normal mode and less hot in eco mode
• - A microwave that cooks in the eco-mode only with 600 watts instead of 900 watts and takes longer
• - An induction hotplate, which can not be switched to the hottest level in eco mode or just after a warning beep and extra user confirmation
• - A dishwasher that waits in the eco mode and, as soon as the normal mode comes, their washing program goes through and
• - A heating automation system, eg "Synco Living", which switches between operating modes for the whole house or for individual rooms, taking into account the time of day, the presence and the automatic program. In the eco mode, for example, the temperature in the hallway can be lowered, and in the bedrooms as well.

Switching recommendations S1 .. Sn can also be used to control local generators, not just consumers. Examples are:
A small fuel cell or CHP plant without feeding into the grid. This produces electricity for local consumption in eco mode, and rests in normal mode.

A small biogas plant with feed into the grid and variable feed-in tariff. This produces power in the eco mode and feeds it into the grid, and rests in normal mode. A small biogas plant with feed into the grid and fixed feed-in tariff. This produces electricity for local consumption in eco mode, and feeds the electricity into the grid in normal mode. This makes sense if the electricity price in the grid is sometimes higher than the fixed feed-in tariff.

The control signal, for example the signal Sn, for normal mode or eco-mode can be transmitted directly via a simple relay output or via a building control bus, e.g. KNX, are output.

However, the switching recommendation is not the same for all consumers. Rather, the shift recommendation transmitter simultaneously gives different shift recommendations. Which switching recommendation is used for a particular device depends on the characteristics of the device and the wishes or habits of the user. This is taken into account during installation and picking, e.g. by the electrician.

The switching recommendations are classified according to three parameters:
The "switching interval" is the minimum amount of time that a switching recommendation remains in a given state. It corresponds to an economically reasonable on and off duration of the devices.
The "on-probability" is the likelihood that the switching recommendation is "on" at a random time in the considered time window, which corresponds to the willingness or the necessity to purchase electricity for this consumer in the short term, even if it is expensive.

The "considered time window" is a time window from now for a certain time into the future.

Examples of such parameter combinations are given in Table 1 below:

An intelligent device can consider several switching recommendations.

A tumble dryer runs at night for about two hours, in the cheapest period. Should consumption peaks occur during this period, it can lower its temperature for a short time. A heating heat pump can use different switching recommendations depending on the environmental conditions or season. For example, it may be 75% of the time in winter, and only 10% in summer. A control for a power-driven heater can use a "preheat" shift recommendation when the power is particularly favorable (on-probability 10%), and another to temporarily switch off as needed and at peak loads (on-chance 75%) Simple parameterization by means of discrete classification: For each device, the appropriate switching recommendation is selected during picking or installation In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, a total of 48 different sensible switching recommendations with the associated parameter combinations are available, which are shown in Table 2 below with examples The above examples are also listed or sorted in. Some combinations are not computationally possible and are indicated by "---".

The calculation of the shift recommendations works as follows:
The shift recommendation generator gets a forecast for the course of the electricity price over the next time. At a certain rate, eg every second, it calculates the current values for the shift recommendations. Each switching recommendation is either "on" or "off" at any time.

• • Kontrakt 1: Der Wert einer Schaltempfehlung bleibt für die Zeitdauer des angegebenen Schaltintervalls konstant. D.h. bei einem Schaltintervall von 2h wechselt die Schaltempfehlung nicht häufiger als alle 120 Minuten.
• • Kontrakt 2: Der Wert einer Schaltempfehlung ist zu jedem Zeitpunkt innerhalb des betrachteten Zeitfensters mit mindestens der angegebenen „An-Wahrscheinlichkeit" „an", es sei denn, dies verletzt Kontrakt 1.

The user of a shift recommendation can rely on the following two contracts:

• • Contract 1: The value of a switching recommendation remains constant for the duration of the specified switching interval. That is, with a switching interval of 2h, the switching recommendation does not change more frequently than every 120 minutes.
• • Contract 2: The value of a switching recommendation is "on" at any time within the considered time window with at least the specified "on probability", unless this violates contract 1.

• – Der Schaltempfehlungsgeber berechnet, wieviel 2h Strom von jetzt aus kosten würden
• – Der Schaltempfehlungsgeber berechnet, wieviel 2h Strom, beginnend ab jeder anderen Sekunde in den nächsten 24h, kosten würden
• – Wenn die 2h-Kosten ab jetzt zu den unteren 25% aller 2h-Kosten in den nächsten 24 Stunden, lautet die Schaltempfehlung „an“, sonst „aus“
• – Allerdings gilt: wenn innerhalb der letzten 24 Stunden diese Schaltempfehlung noch nicht 6 h „an“ war (25%·24h), dann wird sie jetzt eingeschaltet.
• – Wenn diese Regeln jedoch einen zu schnellen Wechsel der Schaltempfehlung bedeuten würden, d. h. es sind also seit dem letzten Umschalten weniger als 120 Minuten vergangen, wird der aktuelle Wert der Schaltempfehlung beibehalten.

Taking these two contracts into account, the shift recommendation transmitter calculates the shift recommendations so that the electricity costs are minimal. The calculation is relatively simple. Here is a calculation example for the combination of the heat pump in summer with the parameters switching interval 2h, time window 24h, on-probability 25%:

• - The shift recommendation sensor calculates how much 2h of power would cost from now on
• - The shift recommendation generator calculates how much 2h of power, starting from every other second in the next 24h, would cost
• - If the 2h costs from now on to the lower 25% of all 2h costs in the next 24 hours, the switching recommendation is "on", otherwise "off"
• - However, if within the last 24 hours this switch recommendation is not yet 6 h "on" (25% · 24h), then it is now switched on.
• - However, if these rules would mean a too fast change of the shift recommendation, ie less than 120 minutes have elapsed since the last shift, the current value of the shift recommendation is retained.

• 1. Jeder Schaltempfehlungsgeber berechnet seine Schaltempfehlungen regelmäßig neu, aber nicht in komplett fixen zeitlichen Abständen, z.B. alle 5 Sekunden. Beispielsweise kann ein Schaltempfehlungsgeber zwischen zwei Neuberechnungen immer ein zufälliges Zeitintervall warten, das zwischen 4 und 6 Sekunden variiert.
• 2. Die vorgegebenen „betrachteten Zeitfenster" für die Berechnung der Schaltempfehlungen (10s, 1 Min, 5 Min etc.) sind nicht genau auf diese Werte festgelegt. Stattdessen hat jeder Schaltempfehlungsgeber für jedes Zeitfenster einen gewissen Schwankungsfaktor, z.B. zwischen +10% und –10%, um den das Zeitfenster länger oder kürzer interpretiert wird. Diese Schwankungsfaktoren können entweder fest einprogrammiert sein oder täglich neu berechnet werden. Dadurch hat ein Schaltempfehlungsgeber z.B. die Zeitfenster 9 Sek, 1:05 Min, 4:43 Min, etc., und der des Nachbarhauses zur gleichen Zeit die Zeitfenster 11 Sek, 1:03 Min, 5:02 Min etc.
• 3. Die vorgegebenen „An-Wahrscheinlichkeiten" für die Berechnung der Schaltempfehlungen (10%, 25%, 50% etc.) sind nicht genau auf diese Werte festgelegt. Stattdessen hat jeder Schaltempfehlungs-geber für jedes Zeitintervall einen gewissen Schwankungsfaktor, z.B. zwischen +10% und –10%, um den die An-Wahrscheinlichkeit größer oder kleiner wird. Diese Schwankungsfaktoren können entweder fest einprogrammiert sein oder täglich neu berechnet werden. Dadurch hat ein Schaltempfehlungsgeber z.B. die An-Wahrscheinlichkeiten 9%, 26%, 53% etc., und der des Nachbarhauses zur gleichen Zeit die An-Wahrscheinlichkeiten 11%, 24%, 47% etc.

When used in practical power grids, it is expedient to carry out a time equalization of parallel switching recommendations. This means that, for example, two switching recommendation transmitters in neighboring houses, although they receive the same current price signals, do not switch on their heat pumps at the same time, even if they are parameterized the same. There are three possible mechanisms for this, all of which are related to the type and timing of the shift recommendations calculation:

• 1. Each shift recommendation transmitter recalculates its shift recommendations regularly, but not at completely fixed time intervals, eg every 5 seconds. For example, between two recalculations, a shift advisor may always wait a random time interval that varies between 4 and 6 seconds.
• 2. The predefined "considered time windows" for the calculation of the shift recommendations (10s, 1 min, 5 min, etc.) are not set exactly to these values Instead each shift recommendation transmitter has a certain fluctuation factor for each time window, eg between + 10% and - 10% by which the time window is interpreted longer or shorter.These fluctuation factors can either be programmed permanently or be recalculated daily.This means that a shift recommendation transmitter has eg the time slots 9 sec, 1:05 min, 4:43 min, etc., and the neighbor's house at the same time the time window 11 sec, 1:03 min, 5:02 min etc.
• 3. The default "on-probabilities" for calculating the shift recommendations (10%, 25%, 50%, etc.) are not set exactly to these values, instead each shift recommendation transmitter has a certain fluctuation factor for each time interval, eg between + 10% and -10%, by which the on-probability becomes larger or smaller.These fluctuation factors can be either permanently programmed or recalculated daily, which means that a switching recommendation generator has, for example, the on-probabilities 9%, 26%, 53% etc. , and that of the neighboring house at the same time the on-probabilities 11%, 24%, 47% etc.

All these equalization mechanisms mean that the calculation of the switching recommendations does not adhere strictly to the values defined by the Commission. However, due to the discrete parameterization as a choice among predefined switching recommendations, each switching recommendation for a certain device is only approximately optimal anyway, so that no great loss arises here.

The invention can be implemented differently in terms of the distribution of the components.

Variant 1: Local switching recommendation transmitter in the building

The shift recommendation transmitter communicates with devices via a bus system, or relay outputs for individual switching recommendations, or direct switching relays, e.g. within a switchable socket.

If the shift recommendation transmitter has relay outputs for direct switching of devices, the installer can commission them by sending e.g. Set the three parameters for each relay output, ie on-probability, minimum switching interval, and the considered time window via rotary switches or DIP switches.

If a bus system, e.g. KNX, the installer does not have to commission the shift recommendation transmitter at all. Instead, he picks the device to switch because he knows that e.g. the switching recommendation "25% -10sec-1minute" to the KNX group address 1/2/100 is fixed, and the switching recommendation "50% -10sec-1 minute" to 1/2/101. The switch recommendation generator receives the predicted electricity prices the power grid or a data network, e.g. DSL or UMTS. The projected electricity prices are calculated by the energy grid operator, by a neutral entity, e.g. a power exchange, or by a service provider that charges money for the calculation of current electricity prices. If the prices come from the electricity network operator, he has the possibility to calculate different prices for different regions of his network.

A special feature is a switching recommendation within a smart meter, which thus receives the electricity prices from the grid operator, calculates the switching recommendations and then over a building network, via relay outputs or via a building data network, eg WiFi, to the devices to be controlled.

A special feature is a switchable Schuko socket or power strip, which is plugged between wall outlet and device, has switch / knob for setting the parameters and the power price information by radio, e.g. WiFi or UMTS, receives.

Variant 2: Local switching recommendation transmitter in the device

The shift recommendation transmitter may have fixed one or more parameters, eg a minimum shift interval, since these are typical for the device. The others
Parameters are set by the installer or user or automatically change to external parameters, eg the probability of a heat pump depending on the outside temperature. The shift recommendation transmitter receives the predicted electricity prices via the power grid
or a data network, eg DSL, WiFi or UMTS. The forecasted electricity prices are calculated by the energy grid operator, by a neutral entity, eg a power exchange, or by a service provider, which demands money for the calculation of the current electricity prices.

A special feature is a switching recommendation module for installation in devices. This has a Wi-Fi or UMTS chip to receive the price information and outputs for the switching recommendations that can be used by the device.

Variant 3: Switch recommendation transmitter in the power grid

The shift recommendation transmitter is a server in the power grid. The price information is fed in by the power grid operator. The power grid operator can provide different switching recommendations for different regions of the network.

The switching recommendations are sent via the power network, as signals for switching from day to night current are already being sent today. However, this must be standardized so that the devices can interpret the signals. Such standardization can create a low-cost ecosystem of power-friendly devices. The switching recommendations also know about a dedicated data network to be distributed to the terminals.

The switching recommendations can also be sent from the mains to a smart meter or to an intelligent meter, which then transmits the switching recommendations via a building network, via relay outputs or via a building data network, e.g. WiFi, to the devices to be controlled. The installer determines to which switching recommendation a specific device should react. As a result, the power grid operator also has the option of switching switching recommendations directly in various parts of the grid due to sudden grid load peaks.

Variant 4: Switch recommendation transmitter on the Internet

The Schaltempfehlungsgeber is a server on the Internet. It is operated by the network operator, or by another operator, perhaps also by a manufacturer of equipment.

The price information is obtained from a power exchange or the power grid operator. The communication of the switching recommendations to the terminals takes place via IP. For example, a terminal can make a request via WiFi and HTTP " http://schaltempfehlungsgeber.example.com/25-10s-1m "To get the current switching recommendation for the parameter combination" 25% -10sec-1 minute. "The operator of the shift recommendation transmitter can thus easily different recommendations for the different users to equalize switching operations of neighbors.

Variant 5: Regional switching recommendation transmitter

The switch recommendation transmitter is a regional server operated by a service provider. The switching recommendations are sent via a simple, regionally structured radio network, as described today, for example. Weather forecast data will be sent. The devices receive the switching recommendations by radio, e.g. via a dedicated, cheap module suitable for receiving this data. The manufacturer of the modules can also usefully be the operator of the regional switching recommendation provider.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• http://shifter.example.com/25-10s-1m [0036]

Claims (11)

 Device (SEG) for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks, in which a prognosis for the course of the electricity price (P) over a next time interval receivable and therefrom in a certain clock current binary values for the switching recommendations (S1 .. Sn) for a plurality of devices (G1 .. Gn) can be determined, whereby the switching recommendations are classified only according to the parameters "switching interval", "to probability" and "considered time window".  Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein during installation and commissioning, a switching recommendation for a particular device is selectable depending on the characteristics of the device and the wishes or habits of the user.  Device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the binary values for switching recommendations can be determined in such a way, That it is calculated how much the current would cost in the "switching interval" from now on, That is calculated how much each of the current would cost in the "switching interval" starting from every other second within the "considered time window" and - that the switching recommendation is "on", otherwise "off" if the cost of the electricity in the "switching interval" from now to the lower percent of "on-probability" of all costs for the electricity within the "considered time window", where this applies only if within "considered time window" this switching recommendation was not the time period "to probability" times the duration of the "considered time window" "on", otherwise it is set to "on" and the current value of the switching recommendation always within the "Switching interval" is maintained.  System for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks with a device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the device is designed as a local switching recommendation transmitter in the building and communicates via a bus system, relay outputs for individual switching recommendations or direct switching relay.  System for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks with a device according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the device is designed as Local Schaltempfehlungsgeber in the respective device and the forecast for the course of the electricity price is received via the power grid.  System for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks with a device according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the device is designed as a service computer in the power grid, the forecast for the course of the electricity price by the power grid operator is fed.  System for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks with a device according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the device is designed as a service computer on the Internet and operated by the network operator, by another operator, or by a device manufacturer.  System for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks with a device according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the device is designed as a run by a service provider regional service computer and communicates over a simple, regionally constructed radio network with the devices.  System for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks with a device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the switching recommendation directly a binary actuator (A) drives, which is connected in series with the power consumer.  System for load shifting in intelligent power distribution networks with a device according to one of claims 1 to 3, is supplied by the switching recommendation a device with its own intelligence (I) via a separate input and thus causes a selection of a normal operating mode and an eco-mode of operation becomes. A system for load shifting in multiple-device intelligent power distribution networks according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a temporal equalization of the switching operations effected by the devices is produced by using the parameters "switching interval" and / or or "on-probability" and / or "considered time window" within certain interval limits are chosen slightly differently.

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