DE102011088617A1 - Electrically tunable impedance matching network of an RF power transistor - Google Patents
Electrically tunable impedance matching network of an RF power transistor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisch abstimmbares Impedanzanpassnetzwerk innerhalb des Gehäuses eines HF-Leistungstransistors. Die Anwendung der Erfindung erfolgt vorrangig für HF-Leistungstransistoren in Basisstationen von Mobilfunknetzen; sie kann auch in Verstärkern für mobile Teilnehmer (z. B. in Mobiltelefonen) und in HF-Verstärkern für andere Anwendungen angewendet werden. Der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine dynamische Abstimmbarkeit der Last- und Quellimpedanz zu ermöglichen und den Transistor leichter anpassbar zu machen. Weiterhin soll eine Multiband/Breitband-Arbeitsweise und eine dynamische Lastmodulation für eine erhöhte BackOff-Effizienz ermöglicht werden. Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt entsprechend den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Die weiteren Ansprüche stellen zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung dar.The invention relates to an electrically tunable impedance matching network within the housing of an RF power transistor. The application of the invention takes place primarily for RF power transistors in base stations of mobile networks; it can also be used in amplifiers for mobile subscribers (eg in mobile phones) and in RF amplifiers for other applications. The invention was based on the object of enabling a dynamic tuning of the load and source impedance and making the transistor easier to adapt. Furthermore, a multi-band / broadband operation and a dynamic load modulation for increased back-off efficiency is to be made possible. The object is achieved according to the features of claim 1. The other claims represent expedient embodiments of the inventive solution.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisch abstimmbares Impedanzanpassnetzwerk innerhalb des Gehäuses eines HF-Leistungstransistors.The invention relates to an electrically tunable impedance matching network within the housing of an RF power transistor.
Die Anwendung der Erfindung erfolgt vorrangig für HF-Leistungstransistoren in Basisstationen von Mobilfunknetzen; sie kann auch in Verstärkern für mobile Teilnehmer (z. B. in Mobiltelefonen) und in HF-Verstärkern für andere Anwendungen angewendet werden.The application of the invention takes place primarily for RF power transistors in base stations of mobile networks; it can also be used in amplifiers for mobile subscribers (eg in mobile phones) and in RF amplifiers for other applications.
Den Anmeldern sind derzeit keine Lösungen für ein elektrisch abstimmbares Impedanzanpassnetzwerk innerhalb des Gehäuses eines HF-Leistungstransistors oder eines monolithischen Mikrowellenschaltkreises (MMIC) bekannt.Applicants are currently aware of no solutions for an electrically tunable impedance matching network within the housing of an RF power transistor or microwave monolithic circuit (MMIC).
Die bekannten Einrichtungen, die bereits einen Vorabgleich innerhalb ihres Gehäuses besitzen, z. B. LDMOS-Transistoren, nutzen nicht-abstimmbare Chip-Kapazitäten [1], [2]. Auch wurde eine Abstimmung der Anpassung durch Bond-Draht-Optimierung und durch dielektrische Einlagen [4] vorgeschlagen, jedoch liefern diese nur eine Festabstimmung [3]. Bekannt ist es, einen zusätzlichen Gehäuseanschluss für den Zugang zum Chip zwecks Abstimmung vorzusehen, jedoch enthält diese Lösung keine steuerbaren Komponenten innerhalb des Gehäuses, sondern nur den Zugriff auf den Transistor [5]. Für integrierte Mikrowellenschaltungen wurden bereits integrierte Impedanzanpassnetzwerke vorgeschlagen [6]; diese sind jedoch nur einmalig und nicht elektrisch abstimmbar. Elektrisch abstimmbare Netzwerke sind bislang hauptsächlich für Hybrid-Anordnungen mit Abstimmung außerhalb des Gehäuses bekannt [7]. Die Schrift [8] schlägt die Verwendung einer Vielzahl von MEMS-Schaltern vor, welche auch innerhalb des Transistorgehäuses platziert sein können. Dieses System ist, u. a. durch die Verwendung eines Übertragers, sehr komplex und daher für den der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Zweck ungeeignet. In der Schrift [9] wurde die spezielle Verwendung von ferroelektrischen Komponenten für abstimmbare Ausgangs-Anpassungsnetzwerke vorgeschlagen. In der Schrift [10] wird ein MMIC-Leistungsverstärker mit einem integrierten Anpassungsnetzwerk beschrieben, jedoch ohne Angaben dazu, wie das Gehäuse konzipiert ist.The known devices that already have a pre-adjustment within their housing, z. As LDMOS transistors, use non-tunable chip capacitances [1], [2]. Also, adjustment of matching by bond wire optimization and by dielectric inserts [4] has been proposed, but these provide only a fixed tuning [3]. It is known to provide an additional housing connection for access to the chip for the purpose of tuning, but this solution contains no controllable components within the housing, but only access to the transistor [5]. For integrated microwave circuits, integrated impedance matching networks have already been proposed [6]; However, these are only unique and not electrically tunable. Electrically tunable networks have hitherto been known mainly for hybrid arrangements with tuning outside the housing [7]. Scripture [8] suggests the use of a plurality of MEMS switches, which may also be placed inside the transistor package. This system is, u. a. by the use of a transformer, very complex and therefore unsuitable for the purpose underlying the invention. Document [9] has proposed the specific use of ferroelectric components for tunable output matching networks. Document [10] describes an MMIC power amplifier with an integrated matching network, but without specifying how the housing is designed.
Hochleistungstransistoren weisen grundsätzlich eine Vielzahl von parallelen Fingern auf. Mit der steigenden Anzahl der Finger wird die Impedanz, die angepasst werden muss, kleiner und die Anpassung erfordert eine hohe Güte des Anpassnetzwerkes. Um dies zu vermeiden, werden statische Voranpassungs-Netzwerke (pre-matching) innerhalb des Gehäuses verwendet. Da diese Anpassnetzwerke unveränderlich sind, bieten sie nur für eine bestimmte Frequenz eine Anpassung unabhängig von der Signalleistung. Der Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Frequenzbändern benötigt jedoch eine unterschiedliche Anpassung, d. h. eine andere Voranpassung. Auch der große Unterschied zwischen der Transistor-Impedanz und der äußeren Lastimpedanz (in der Regel 50 Ω) macht eine energieeffiziente Abstimmung schwierig.High-power transistors basically have a plurality of parallel fingers. With the increasing number of fingers, the impedance that needs to be adjusted becomes smaller and the matching requires a high quality of the matching network. To avoid this, static pre-matching networks are used within the enclosure. Because these matching networks are immutable, they only provide adaptation for a particular frequency regardless of the signal power. However, the operation in different frequency bands requires a different adaptation, d. H. another preadjustment. Also, the large difference between the transistor impedance and the external load impedance (typically 50 Ω) makes energy efficient tuning difficult.
Der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine dynamische Abstimmbarkeit der Last- und Quellimpedanz zu ermöglichen und den Transistor leichter anpassbar zu machen. Weiterhin soll eine Multiband/Breitband-Arbeitsweise und eine dynamische Lastmodulation für eine erhöhte BackOff-Effizienz ermöglicht werden.The invention was based on the object of enabling a dynamic tuning of the load and source impedance and making the transistor easier to adapt. Furthermore, a multi-band / broadband operation and a dynamic load modulation for increased back-off efficiency is to be made possible.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt entsprechend den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Die weiteren Ansprüche stellen zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung dar. Erfindungsgemäß ist ein elektrisch abstimmbares Anpassungsnetzwerk mit einer Voranpassung innerhalb der Transistor-Baugruppe, beide für den Eingang und für den Ausgang wirksam, im Gehäuse des HF-Leistungstransistors kombiniert.The object is achieved according to the features of
In zweckmäßiger Weise gelangen als steuerbare Komponenten, welche in das Transistorgehäuse integriert sind, folgende nach beliebigen bekannten Technologien hergestellte Elemente zum Einsatz: Kontinuierlich abstimmbare ferroelektrische Komponenten, kontinuierlich abstimmbare bzw. schaltbare RF-MEMS oder Halbleiter-Komponenten, welche elektronisch abstimmbar sind. Die abstimmbaren Komponenten können Einzelelemente sein oder sie können auf einem Trägersubstrat angeordnet sein, welches im Transistorgehäuse eingebaut ist. Die abstimmbaren Komponenten können durch feste Elemente vervollständigt sein, welche entweder außerhalb des Transistor-Chips oder direkt auf dem Substrat angeordnet sind, das auch die abstimmbaren Schaltkreise trägt. Durch die Anordnung von abstimmbaren Komponenten für das integrierte Impedanzanpassnetzwerk innerhalb des Gehäuses des HF-Leistungstransistors können folgende Verbesserungen erreicht werden:
- 1. Die Anpassung kann adaptiv über mehrere Frequenzen erfolgen und ermöglicht damit den Betrieb in verschiedenen Frequenzbändern. Das bedeutet, dass nur eine Komponente unabhängig von der beabsichtigten Anwendung erzeugt werden muss.
- 2. Die Anpassung kann im Betrieb hinsichtlich der anzupassenden Frequenz geändert werden, was einen Multi-Band-Betrieb oder eine adaptive Rekonfigurierbarkeit ermöglicht.
- 3. Die Anpassung kann zur Effizienzerhöhung mit der Signalleistung adaptiv angepasst werden, was eine energieeffiziente Lastmodulation ermöglicht.
- 4. Die Abstimmung kann adaptiv an die äußeren Parameter angepasst werden, wie zum Beispiel, wenn bei einer Basisstation von Mobilfunknetzen ein Hindernis vor der mit dem Leistungsverstärker verbundenen Antenne vorhanden ist.
- 5. Die abstimmbaren Komponenten können in das Gehäuse unter Nutzung heutiger Herstellungstechnologien integriert werden.
- 6. Unter Voraussetzung der Verwendung geeigneter Technologien, z. B. der BST Dickfilmtechnologie, sind auch Hochleistungsanwendungen möglich ohne Verschlechterung der Linearität oder Einflüsse der Selbstaktuierung der abstimmbaren Komponenten. Zusätzlich zu diesen Aspekten kann die Adaption der Lastimpedanz, zum Beispiel einer durch die Umgebung variablen Antennenfußimpedanz, in den Transistor integriert werden.
- 1. Adaptation can be adaptive over multiple frequencies, allowing operation in different frequency bands. This means that only one component needs to be created, regardless of the intended application.
- 2. The adaptation can be changed in operation with regard to the frequency to be adjusted, which enables a multi-band operation or an adaptive reconfigurability.
- 3. Adaptation can be adaptively adjusted to increase efficiency with signal power, allowing for energy efficient load modulation.
- 4. The tuning can be adaptively adapted to the external parameters, such as when an obstacle is present in front of the antenna connected to the power amplifier at a base station of mobile networks.
- 5. The tunable components can be integrated into the housing using today's manufacturing technologies.
- 6. Subject to the use of appropriate technologies, eg. As the BST thick film technology, high performance applications are possible without deterioration of the linearity or influences of Selbstaktuierung the tunable components. In addition to these aspects, the adaptation of the load impedance, for example, an environmentally variable antenna foot impedance, may be integrated into the transistor.
Die Anwendbarkeit des anmeldungsgemäßen Impedanzanpassnetzwerkes kann als ziemlich vielseitig angesehen werden. Sie ist nicht auf HF-Leistungstransistoren für Basisstationen-Anwendung begrenzt, sondern kann auch in Verstärkern für mobile Teilnehmer (z. B. in Mobiltelefonen) angewendet werden. Auch ist der Frequenzbereich nicht durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung begrenzt. Eine Begrenzung ergibt sich nur durch die angewendete Technologie (Transistor und Abstimmelemente). Durch Integration eines Regelkreises (Steuerung, Messwertaufnehmer) in das Gehäuse kann der Transistor als intelligent gelten, weil er sich an verschiedene Betriebsbedingungen (Frequenzen, Leistungsstufen usw.) selbst anpassen kann. In dieser Hinsicht ist die Erfindung auch ein Beitrag für kognitive Funkanwendungen.The applicability of the impedance matching network according to the application can be regarded as quite versatile. It is not limited to RF power transistors for base station applications but can also be used in amplifiers for mobile subscribers (eg in mobile phones). Also, the frequency range is not limited by the solution according to the invention. A limitation arises only by the technology used (transistor and tuning elements). By integrating a control loop (controller, transducer) into the housing, the transistor can be considered intelligent because it can adapt itself to different operating conditions (frequencies, power levels, etc.). In this regard, the invention is also a contribution to cognitive radio applications.
Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung an Ausführungsbeispielen und anhand der angefügten Figuren näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments and with reference to the appended figures. Show it:
Wenn mehr Freiheitsstufen in Betracht gezogen werden sollen (z. B. ein zusätzliches Eingangs-Impedanzanpassnetzwerk), kann der Regelkreis (Control Circuit: DC/DC-Wandler, Lookup-Tabellen und Steueralgorithmen als auch Sensoren) für die Anpassung, wie
Eine weitere Alternative ist, die Speisung der Abstimmspannung vollständig von den HF-Signalen zu entkoppeln und somit zusätzliche Komponenten zur Steuerspannungszuführung (DC-Feed-Block) zu vermeiden. Die abstimmbaren Impedanzanpassnetzwerke können in beliebiger Technologie, d. h. auf dem Substrat integriert oder mit zusätzlichen Chip-Komponenten (z. B. als LTCC-Module) ausgeführt sein.A further alternative is to completely decouple the supply of the tuning voltage from the RF signals and thus to avoid additional components for the control voltage supply (DC feed block). The tunable impedance matching networks may be implemented in any technology, i. H. integrated on the substrate or with additional chip components (eg as LTCC modules).
Referenzenreferences
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[1] Hybrid Transistor,
US-Patent Nr. 4393392 U.S. Patent No. 4,393,392 -
[2]
K. Goverdhanam et al., ”Distributet Effects in High Power LDMOS Transistors”, MTTS 2005 K. Goverdhanam et al., Distributed Effects in High Power LDMOS Transistors, MTTS 2005 - [3] Bond Wire Tuning of RF Power Transistors and Amplifiers, US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 20020134993, 2002.[3] Bond Wire Tuning of RF Power Transistors and Amplifiers, US Patent Application No. 20020134993, 2002.
-
[4] Functional lid for RF Power Package,
US-Patent Nr. 6392298 U.S. Patent No. 6392298 -
[5] Radio Frequency Power Amplifier Device,
US-Patent Nr. 31174 U.S. Patent No. 3,117,4 -
[6] Tunable Impedance Matching Network for a MIC Power Amplifier Module,
US-Patent Nr 5973567 U.S. Patent No. 5,973,567 -
[7] Tunable Power Amplifier Matching Circuit,
US-Patent Nr. 6859104 U.S. Patent No. 6,859,104 - [8] MEMS-tuned High Power, High Efficiency, Wide Bandwidth Power Amplifier, US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 20040100341A1[8] MEMS-tuned High Power, High Efficiency, Wide Bandwidth Power Amplifier, US Patent Application No. 20040100341A1
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[9] Tunable power amplifier matching circuit,
US-Patent Nr. 7009455 U.S. Patent No. 7009455 -
[10]
Neo, W. C. E.; Yu Lin; Xiao-dong Liu; de Vreede, L. C. N.; Larson, L. E.; Spirito, M.; Pelk, M. J.; Buisman, K.; Akhnoukh, A.; Anton de Graauw; Nanver, L. K.; ”Adaptive Multi-Band Multi-Mode Power Amplifier Using Integrated Varactor-Based Tunable Matching Networks”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 2166–2176, Sept. 2006 Neo, WCE; Yu Lin; Xiao-dong Liu; de Vreede, LCN; Larson, LE; Spirito, M .; Pelk, MJ; Buisman, K .; Akhnoukh, A .; Anton de Graauw; Nanver, LK; "Adaptive Multi-Band Multi-Mode Power Amplifiers Using Integrated Varactor-Based Tunable Matching Networks", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 2166-2176, Sept. 2006
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DE102011088617A DE102011088617A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Electrically tunable impedance matching network of an RF power transistor |
PCT/EP2012/075108 WO2013087639A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2012-12-11 | Electrically variable impedance matching network for an hf power transistor |
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DE (1) | DE102011088617A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013087639A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016201244B4 (en) | 2015-02-10 | 2023-06-07 | Wolfspeed, Inc. | INDUCTIVE COUPLING TRANSFORMER WITH TUNABLE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK |
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US7564303B2 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2009-07-21 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor power device and RF signal amplifier |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016201244B4 (en) | 2015-02-10 | 2023-06-07 | Wolfspeed, Inc. | INDUCTIVE COUPLING TRANSFORMER WITH TUNABLE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK |
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