DE102010044089A1 - Method for operating hybrid drive device of motor car, involves charging battery with electrical power from generator when hybrid vehicle is in parking mode or hybrid vehicle is in standstill mode using activated parking brake - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves generating mechanical energy in an internal combustion engine (7) of an internal combustion engine-generator unit (6). The mechanical energy is converted into electrical power in an internal combustion engine generator (8) of the combustion engine-generator unit. A battery (4) is charged with the electrical power from the generator when a hybrid vehicle is in a parking mode or the hybrid vehicle is in standstill mode using an activated parking brake. Pollutant concentration of the surrounding air is detected using an air quality sensor. An independent claim is also included for a hybrid drive device for a hybrid vehicle, comprising an electric machine.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a hybrid drive device according to the preamble of claim 8.

State of the art

Increasingly, motor vehicles are being developed and / or manufactured by the automotive industry, which are driven by an electric machine. In this case, the electrical energy for the operation of the electric machine for driving the hybrid vehicle comes from a arranged in the hybrid vehicle battery. The battery is charged during standstill of the hybrid vehicle to a power grid. The hybrid vehicle includes a charger for this purpose. The capacity for storing electrical energy of the battery is limited, so that only ranges in the range of about 50 km to 200 km can be achieved by the hybrid vehicle. To increase the range of the hybrid vehicle this is provided with a so-called range extender, an internal combustion engine generator unit. For longer journeys with the hybrid vehicle, during which the battery can not be charged or not sufficiently charged by a mains supply, the battery is charged by means of the internal combustion engine-generator unit and / or electric current is supplied to the electric machine by means of the internal combustion engine-generator unit. This allows the possible range of such. Hybrid vehicle with a range extender can be increased to ranges, which corresponds to that of conventional motor vehicles, which are driven exclusively by an internal combustion engine.

The electric machine of the motor vehicle is operated both as an electric motor and as a generator. When operating as an electric motor, the electric machine is used to drive the motor vehicle, and when the electric machine is operated as a generator in recuperation operation, the electric machine serves to decelerate the motor vehicle or hybrid vehicle. If operation of the internal combustion engine-generator unit is required while the hybrid vehicle is running, the electrical energy provided by the internal combustion engine-generator unit both operates the electric machine as an electric motor and charges the battery.

In hybrid vehicles, range extenders with a different electrical output are installed. In particular, in hybrid vehicles having a range extender with a low power compared to the electric machine for driving the hybrid vehicle, for example, at an electric range extender power of less than one third of the electrical power of the electric machine, the hybrid vehicle at a fully discharged. Battery powered only with the electrical power provided by the Range Extender. As a result, the performance achieved by the hybrid vehicle, for example the acceleration values and the maximum speed, are substantially reduced. For this reason, it is desirable that during operation of the hybrid vehicle, the batteries still have sufficient residual charge to continue to provide with the electrical energy from the battery and the electric power of the range extender sufficient driving performance of the hybrid vehicle.

The DE 10 2008 039 907 shows a vehicle with a power source, an electrical energy storage, a generator for generating electrical energy and for charging the electric energy storage generator, an electric traction motor and a trained for switching on and / or turning off the power source activating device, wherein by a starting device with a control which initiates the switching on and / or off of the power source by the activation device, wherein the control element is designed such that it allows the initiation without the need for the driver to be in the vehicle at the time of initiation.

Disclosure of the invention

Advantages of the invention

Method according to the invention for operating a hybrid drive device for a hybrid vehicle, the hybrid drive device comprising a combustion engine-generator unit as a range extender, at least one electric machine for driving and decelerating the hybrid vehicle and a battery comprising the steps of: generating mechanical energy in an internal combustion engine of the internal combustion engine A generator unit, converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy in a generator of the engine-generator unit, charging the battery with electrical energy from the generator, wherein the battery is charged with electrical energy from the generator in the "parking" mode of the hybrid vehicle , In the parking or driving mode, as a rule, there are no occupants or persons in the hybrid vehicle and this is merely parked. For example, the hybrid vehicle is located on a rest area of a motorway or is already parked at the destination or departure and will be taken back to the trip at a later date to the ride continue. Thus, there is a break or interruption of normal driving or driving the hybrid vehicle. During this time, ie the parking, during which the hybrid vehicle is not needed or used for driving, the battery is charged by means of the range extender, thereby enabling sufficient charging of the battery. As a result, sufficient driving power can be achieved with the hybrid vehicle during operation or when driving the hybrid vehicle even with a small electrical power of the range extender or the internal combustion engine-generator unit, because when driving with the hybrid vehicle in addition to the electric power from the range extender the battery provides electrical power for driving the hybrid vehicle with the at least one electric machine.

Preferably, the electric power of the engine-generator unit is less than one-third or two-thirds of the electric power of the at least one electric machine or the sum of the electric power of the electric machines of the hybrid vehicle. In hybrid vehicles with a low electric power of the range extender compared to at least one electric machine, is for driving the hybrid vehicle in a fully discharged battery only the provided by the range extender or the engine-generator unit available electrical power to drive the hybrid vehicle to disposal. For this reason, it makes sense during breaks or when parking the hybrid vehicle in a fully or substantially completely discharged battery to charge during parking, thereby at a later continuation of travel with the hybrid vehicle in addition to the electric power from the range extender also have electrical power from the battery to drive the hybrid vehicle available.

In a supplementary embodiment, the battery with electrical energy from the generator during a standstill of the hybrid vehicle, z. B. with activated parking brake of the hybrid vehicle loaded. Thus, during the charging of the battery with the generator or the engine-generator unit, the hybrid vehicle is not only in a temporary, very short-term standstill, for example during a traffic light stop or because of a high traffic volume, but the hybrid vehicle is parked and as a rule there are no persons in the vehicle interior of the hybrid vehicle.

In an additional variant takes place during charging of the battery with electrical energy from the generator no charge of the battery with electrical energy from a, preferably public, power grid and / or after activating the mode "Parking" the mode "Standladen" is activated for charging the battery with electrical energy from the generator. The hybrid vehicle has, for example, the two modes of driving and parking. During the driving mode, the hybrid vehicle is in operation, and with the at least one electric machine, the hybrid vehicle is driven. During the parking mode, the hybrid vehicle is at a standstill and no drive energy is provided by the at least one electric machine for locomotion of the hybrid vehicle. Furthermore, in the parking mode, the hybrid vehicle is also not in temporary standstill, for example, at a traffic light, but the hybrid vehicle is parked and there are usually no people in the interior of the hybrid vehicle. In addition, after activating the parking mode, the standby mode can be activated, which means that during parking or during the parking mode with the internal combustion engine-generator unit, the battery is charged with electrical energy from the generator of the internal combustion engine-generator unit becomes.

In a further embodiment, the mode "stand loading" with a direction selector lever in a separate position, with an actuator, for. As a button or switch, or a control and display instrument, z. B. touch screen, activated. With the direction selector can be set, for example, whether the hybrid vehicle is driving forwards or backwards. The direction selector lever also has the stand-by position so that the stand-by mode can be activated with the direction selector lever. In addition, the direction selector lever, for example, also has the parking position and in the position just described Standladen next to the parking mode also the charging of the battery with the engine-generator unit is activated. An actuator or a control and display instrument is arranged for example in or in the region of the dashboard in the hybrid vehicle.

In a supplementary embodiment is at least one parameter of the charging process, eg., With the control and display instrument. B. charging time or charging limit, adjustable. Parameters of the charging process are in addition to the charging time or the charging limit, for example, a charge of the battery to a maximum of 30, 50, 70 or 100% of the maximum possible charging of the battery, even the time to the next operating mode ride. As a result, it can be determined, for example, by a control device, for example with a computer or a computer, which charging limit or which charge level up to can be reached for the next drive with the internal combustion engine-generator unit.

It is expedient for an air quality sensor to detect at least one pollutant concentration of the ambient air and, if an excess of at least one limit value of the pollutant concentration is exceeded, the charging of the battery with electrical energy from the generator is interrupted. Pollutant concentrations in the ambient air are detected by the air quality sensor, so that when parking or parking the hybrid vehicle, for example in a garage or in a sink, hazardous pollutant concentrations in the ambient air can be avoided for humans, because when a predetermined limit value of the pollutant concentration is exceeded the internal combustion engine-generator unit is turned off and thereby no more exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine of the internal combustion engine-generator unit reach the environment. In this case, the air quality sensor can also be installed in particular in an automotive air conditioning system of the hybrid vehicle, so that no additional air quality sensor is required. A central control unit for the hybrid vehicle thus uses the air quality sensor of the motor vehicle air conditioner to absorb air by means of a brief actuation of a blower of the motor vehicle air conditioner and thereby detect the pollutant concentrations in the ambient air with the air quality sensor of the motor vehicle air conditioner and thus in the operating mode Standladen when reaching the limit of Pollutant concentration to automatically shut off the range extender.

In a supplementary embodiment, in the "driving" mode, the hybrid vehicle is driven exclusively with mechanical energy from the at least one electric machine. The internal combustion engine-generator unit as a range extender thus has no mechanical connection to a drive train of the hybrid vehicle and thus to wheels or drive wheels of the hybrid vehicle, so that provided by the engine of the range extender mechanical energy provided exclusively by the generator of the range extender is converted into electrical energy.

Hybrid drive device according to the invention, comprising at least one electric machine for driving and decelerating the hybrid vehicle, a battery, an internal combustion engine-generator unit as a range extender for charging the battery and / or for generating electrical energy for the at least one electric machine, one in this patent application described method is executable.

In an additional embodiment, the internal combustion engine of the internal combustion engine-generator unit has no mechanical connection to the wheels of the hybrid vehicle.

In an additional variant, the hybrid drive device comprises an air quality sensor for detecting at least one pollutant concentration of the ambient air. The air quality sensor is preferably installed or integrated in an automotive air conditioning system of the hybrid vehicle.

In particular, the alternating current produced by the generator of the internal combustion engine-generator unit and / or the electric machine is converted from a preferably uncontrolled rectifier into direct current for charging the battery.

In a further variant, the hybrid drive device comprises a rectifier, preferably uncontrolled, for converting the alternating current generated by the generator of the range extender and / or the electric machine into direct current for charging the battery.

In an additional embodiment, the hybrid propulsion device or hybrid vehicle is provided with means, e.g. B. a charger and / or a power cable and / or a plug, for charging the battery from a, preferably public, power supply provided.

In one variant, the generator is a, preferably permanent magnet excited, synchronous electric machine.

A hybrid vehicle according to the invention comprises a hybrid drive device described in this patent application and / or a method described in this patent application is executable by the hybrid vehicle according to the invention. The hybrid vehicle is powered solely by the electric machine and there is no mechanical connection between the internal combustion engine of the range extender and at least one wheel of the hybrid vehicle, i. H. The internal combustion engine is used exclusively for generating electrical energy.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, an embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

1 a schematized system image of an internal combustion engine-generator unit as a range extender,

2 a schematized system image of a hybrid drive device,

3 a schematic view of a direction selector lever, an actuator and a control and display instrument and

4 a view of a hybrid vehicle.

Embodiments of the invention

In hybrid vehicles 1 as motor vehicles 2 that by an electric machine 3 by means of electrical energy from a battery 4 operated, are used to expand the range of the hybrid vehicle 1 an internal combustion engine generator unit 6 used. By means of the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 as a so-called range extender is fuel from a fuel tank 5 that by a fuel line 16 is conducted, mechanical energy from an internal combustion engine 7 generated by a generator 8th as a permanent magnet synchronous machine 9 is converted into electrical energy. The internal combustion engine 7 is with the generator 8th by means of a drive shaft 15 mechanically connected ( 1 ). The generator 8th generates alternating current from an uncontrolled rectifier 11 is converted into direct current. The internal combustion engine generator unit 6 thus has no pulse inverters, so that of the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 provided electrical power directly proportional to the speed of the internal combustion engine 7 or the speed of the generator 8th is. By means of electrical energy from the generator 8th either the battery 4 charged and / or the electric machine 3 operated.

This can reduce the range of the hybrid vehicle 1 essential, z. To ranges in the range of about 300 km to 600 km. The range of the hybrid vehicle 1 by means of electrical energy from the battery 4 is for example in the range of 50 km to 150 km. A hybrid drive device 12 includes the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 , the electric machine 3 and a battery 4 ,

The generator 8th as a synchronous machine 9 , the uncontrolled rectifier 11 and the battery 4 are here by means of power lines 17 connected with each other. To charge the battery 4 of the hybrid vehicle 1 ( 4 ) it is necessary that of the rectifier 11 provided DC voltage is greater than the voltage of the battery 4 , The voltage of the battery 4 depends on the charge or load condition of the battery 4 from. A control unit 13 receives by means not shown control lines a target value for the voltage of the DC power for charging the battery 4 , This setpoint is used by the control unit 13 as a facility 10 for controlling the voltage of the direct current, the speed of the internal combustion engine 7 controlled and / or regulated.

The higher the speed of the internal combustion engine 7 and thus also the generator 8th , due to the mechanical coupling only by means of the drive shaft 15 , the greater the voltage of the generator 8th provided alternating current. The higher the voltage of the generator 8th provided AC, the greater the voltage of the rectifier 11 provided direct current and vice versa. This can be achieved by the control and / or regulation of the speed of the internal combustion engine 7 and thus also the generator 8th the voltage of the rectifier 11 rectified current to charge the battery controlled and / or regulated.

In a further, not shown embodiment of the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 is the internal combustion engine 7 with the generator 8th connected by a gearbox. By means of this transmission, the speed of the generator 8th regardless of the speed of the internal combustion engine 7 be controlled and / or regulated and thus the voltage of the rectifier 11 provided direct current.

The control unit 13 controls by means of the transmission, not shown, the speed of the generator 8th and thus also the voltage of the rectifier 11 provided direct current.

In 4 is the hybrid vehicle 1 dargstellt. The hybrid vehicle 1 is exclusively from the electric machine 3 driven. The electrical energy to drive the hybrid vehicle 1 comes from the battery 4 and / or the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 , To the range of the hybrid vehicle 1 increase is in the hybrid vehicle 1 the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 according to 1 built-in. This can reduce the range of the hybrid vehicle 2 be extended. By means of the generator 8th provided electric power can either be the battery 4 be charged and / or the electric machine 3 for driving or traction of the hybrid vehicle 1 operate.

The electric machine 3 to drive the hybrid vehicle 1 can also be used in recuperation mode as a generator for deceleration or braking of the hybrid vehicle 1 be used. The electric machine 3 is thus operated both as an electric motor and as a generator. in the Recuperation operation brings the electric machine 3 a recuperation torque as negative torque to the hybrid vehicle 1 on, so that thereby the hybrid vehicle 1 is slowed down. By means of this Rekuperationsdrehmomentes the electric machine 3 powered and generates electrical current to charge the battery 4 , Preferably, the battery is 4 a high-voltage battery, for example, with a voltage of more than 50 or 100 volts. During a standstill or in the "Parking" mode of the hybrid vehicle 1 This can be done by means of an external or internal charger, not shown by an external power grid 26 , z. B. a 230 volt home network, to be charged.

The of the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 available maximum electrical power is much smaller than the electric or mechanical power of the electric machine 3 , For example, that of the engine-generator unit 6 maximum available electrical power less than two thirds or one third of the maximum electrical or mechanical power of the electric machine 3 , While driving the hybrid vehicle 1 that is, when the hybrid vehicle 1 in the driving mode, and the battery 4 is completely discharged, thus stands only the low, from the engine-generator unit 6 Provided electric power to drive the hybrid vehicle 1 with the electric machine 3 to disposal. Because of this, can by the control unit 13 of the hybrid vehicle 1 or the control unit 13 for the hybrid drive device 12 also during the parking of the hybrid vehicle, the engine-generator unit 6 put into operation and thereby the battery 4 during the standstill of the hybrid vehicle 1 to be charged while parking. It is the mode of loading and after full or partial charging of the battery 4 with the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 during the parking of the hybrid vehicle 1 can thus the electric machine 3 while driving not only with electrical energy from the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 be operated, but also with electrical energy or electricity from the battery 4 , Preferably, during the standby mode, the battery is 4 only partially charged, for example to a charging limit of 30 or 50%, because charging the battery 4 with the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 more expensive than charging with the battery 4 with electricity from an external power grid 26 , In this case, a parking brake is preferably during the standby mode of operation 14 enabled, so that the hybrid vehicle 1 at standstill. The operating mode Standladen can, for example by means of a direction selector lever 18 in the vehicle interior, an actuator 19 , for example a button 21 or a switch 22 or a control and display instrument 20 , for example a touch screen 23 , be turned on.

With the operating and display instrument 20 can be done by the driver of the hybrid vehicle 1 preferably set a charging limit for the operating mode Standladen. Due to the higher cost of charging the battery 4 in standby mode, it makes sense to set a charge limit of 30 or 50%, for example. After the standby battery 4 can during a subsequent trip with the hybrid vehicle 1 while driving with the hybrid vehicle 1 the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 be operated so that during operation and the only very slightly charged battery 4 in addition to the electrical energy from the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 also electrical energy from the battery 4 is available. In a normal ride with the hybrid vehicle 1 is sufficient for driving at moderate speed, for example at 90 or 100 km / h, by the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 provided electric power to this speed of the hybrid vehicle 1 with the electric machine 3 maintain against the existing driving resistance. However, if a strong acceleration with the hybrid vehicle is to take place for a short time, for example during an overtaking process, a significantly higher mechanical drive power is required. through the electric machine 3 to provide. This required high electrical power can from the engine-generator unit 6 due to its low electric power can not be provided, so during such acceleration operations or short-term driving conditions with an increased required electric power for the electric machine 3 electrical energy from the battery 4 can be removed to thereby temporarily occurring high required electrical power to the electric machine 3 during driving mode. As a result, even with a very slightly charged battery 4 due to the continuously operating Range Extender, which while driving a required basic electrical power of the electric machine 3 also provides required electrical power peaks while driving from the electric machine 3 be provided because higher electrical power of the electric machine 3 sometimes with electrical energy from the battery 4 can be provided. Thus, even with a very slightly charged battery 4 on the one hand, high ranges with the hybrid vehicle 1 reachable because of the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 constantly in operation and still can briefly high electrical power or mechanical drive power with the electric machine 3 be provided to drive the hybrid vehicle 1 ,

During stand-by mode, the hybrid vehicle is located 1 at standstill. Due to the internal combustion engine in operation 7 Exhaust gases reach the ambient air at the hybrid vehicle 1 , Is the hybrid vehicle 1 For example, in a garage or in a sink, there may be an increase in pollutant concentrations. For this reason, during the standby mode of an air quality sensor 24 detects the pollutant concentration of the ambient air and automatically when exceeding a predetermined limit value of the pollutant concentration, the engine-generator unit 6 switched off during standby mode. This can cause increased, harmful to humans pollutant concentrations in the ambient air of the hybrid vehicle 1 be avoided in an advantageous manner.

In the hybrid vehicle 1 There is no direct mechanical connection from the internal combustion engine 7 to a wheel 25 or a drive train of the hybrid vehicle 1 , The hybrid vehicle 1 is thus exclusively of mechanical energy of the electric machine 3 driven.

Overall, considered with the hybrid drive device according to the invention 12 significant benefits. The electric power of the internal combustion engine generator unit 6 is much lower than the electric power of the electric machine 3 to drive the hybrid vehicle 1 , During parking with the hybrid vehicle 1 The battery can be switched on in standby mode 4 be charged even when the parking mode is charging the battery 4 with electricity from a public grid is not possible. This can be at a completely or substantially completely discharged battery 4 after a ride on the hybrid vehicle 1 the battery 4 be at least partially charged again, so that in a subsequent trip with the hybrid vehicle 1 at a short time increased required electric power of the electric machine 3 to drive the hybrid vehicle 1 in addition to the electrical energy from the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 also electrical energy from the battery 4 is available. This makes it possible, despite the low electrical power of the engine-generator unit 6 and the resulting advantageously small dimensions and low weight of the internal combustion engine-generator unit 6 as a rule during the journey with the hybrid vehicle 1 also the electric machine 3 to operate for a shorter period of time with a maximum or substantially maximum electric power to drive the hybrid vehicle 1 ,

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102008039907 [0005]

Claims (10)

Method for operating a hybrid drive device ( 12 ) for a hybrid vehicle ( 1 ), the hybrid propulsion device ( 12 ) comprising an internal combustion engine generator unit ( 6 ) as a range extender, at least one electric machine ( 3 ) for driving and decelerating the hybrid vehicle ( 1 ) and a battery ( 4 ) comprising the steps of: - generating mechanical energy in an internal combustion engine ( 7 ) of the internal combustion engine-generator unit ( 6 ), - converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy in a generator ( 8th ) of the internal combustion engine-generator unit ( 6 ), - charging the battery ( 4 ) with electrical energy from the generator ( 8th ), characterized in that the battery ( 4 ) with electrical energy from the generator ( 8th ) in the parking mode of the hybrid vehicle ( 1 ) is loaded. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery ( 4 ) with electrical energy from the generator ( 8th ) during a standstill of the hybrid vehicle ( 1 ), z. B. with activated parking brake ( 14 ) of the hybrid vehicle ( 1 ) is loaded. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during charging of the battery ( 4 ) with electrical energy from the generator ( 8th ) no charge of the battery ( 4 ) with electrical energy from a, preferably public, power grid ( 26 ) and / or after activating the operating mode "Parking", the operating mode "Stand charge" is activated to charge the battery ( 4 ) with electrical energy from the generator ( 8th ). A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the operating mode "stand loading" with a direction selector lever ( 18 ) in a separate position, with an actuator ( 19 ), z. B. a button ( 21 ) or switch ( 22 ), or a control and display instrument ( 20 ), z. B. Touchscreen ( 23 ), is activated. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that with the control and display instrument ( 20 ) at least one parameter of the charging process, for. B. charging time or charging limit, is adjustable. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that by an air quality sensor ( 24 ) at least one pollutant concentration of the ambient air is detected and from an exceeding of at least one limit value of the pollutant concentration charging the battery ( 4 ) with electrical energy from the generator ( 8th ) is canceled. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the operating mode "driving" the hybrid vehicle ( 1 ) exclusively with mechanical energy from the at least one electric machine ( 3 ) is driven. Hybrid drive device ( 12 ) for a hybrid vehicle ( 1 ), comprising - at least one electric machine ( 3 ) for driving and decelerating the hybrid vehicle ( 1 ), - a battery ( 4 ), - an internal combustion engine generator unit ( 6 ) as a range extender to charge the battery ( 4 ) and / or for generating electrical energy for the at least one electric machine ( 3 ), characterized in that a method according to one or more of the preceding claims is executable. Hybrid drive device according to claim 8, characterized in that the internal combustion engine ( 7 ) of the internal combustion engine-generator unit ( 6 ) no mechanical connection to the wheels ( 25 ) of the hybrid vehicle ( 1 ) having. Hybrid drive device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the hybrid drive device ( 12 ) an air quality sensor ( 24 ) comprises for detecting at least one pollutant concentration of the ambient air.

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