DE102004063803A1 - Damping material, method for making the material and device for damping mechanical movements - Google Patents

Abstract

The damping material comprises DOLLAR A a) at least one reversibly deformable base material, DOLLAR A b) at least one compression body, which is compressible irreversibly under volume reduction upon application of pressure from a pressure range in which the base material exhibits or at least approximately elastic deformation behavior DOLLAR A c) wherein each compression body embedded in the base material and at least predominantly rests or adheres to the base material, DOLLAR A d) wherein at one or more impressions of a Eindrückkörpers in the base material at least one predetermined outer surface of the base material, at least one at the shape of the indentor adapted or derived from the shape of the indenter permanent or irreversible indentation in the damping material results DOLLAR A e) wherein the maximum indentation volume for the indentation (s) of the maximum irreversib len volume reduction of all compression body results.

Description

The The invention relates to a damping Material, a method for producing a damping material and a Device for steaming mechanical movement, in particular shocks and vibrations.

To the dampen mechanical movements are steaming Materials or damping body off absorbing Materials known. For the purposes of the present application absorbing Materials on two principles of action, alone or in combination be used, namely first, elastic restoring forces which counteract the deformation of the material acting on the forces of movement and second, the dissipation, in which the kinetic energy or kinetic energy internally irreversible into thermal energy or thermal Energy is converted. Dissipation becomes the kinetic energy the mechanical movement decreases or absorbs and the movement steamed, in particular the force load at a shock or the amplitude of a vibration lowered in the damping body. Around after the action of a mechanical load the damping Material or the damping body again in his original To take shape, materials are usually used, which are elastic at the same time, so a restoring force against their Create deformation to restore the original shape. In a motion differential equation becomes dissipating influences as Friction terms or friction forces, the dependent from the first time derivation of the way or place, thus the Speed, are and are opposite to the motive power or an opposite sign is taken into account and resetting personnel as dependent on the place itself and the motive force opposite, so different signs having, forces, at elastic restoring forces proportional to Place or the deflection.

Damping body and absorbing Materials for steaming of bumps are especially in soles, insoles or footbeds of orthopedic Shoes or sports shoes. In shoes, in particular in the orthopedic area, are as damping materials Latex (rubber emulsions) and rubber foams, flexible polyurethane foams and EVA foams in use.

damping devices for steaming or Absorbing of vibrations, in particular for the protection of vibration-sensitive equipment or for decoupling strongly vibrating devices.

Out WO 2004/022999 A1 is a composition comprising at least a collagen and at least one support matrix for the collagen, wherein the support matrix at least one reversible, in particular elastic, deformable Contains material, known, the damping properties for steaming mechanical movements, in particular mechanical shocks and vibrations having. The collagen molecules take the mechanical energy by stretching, twisting and / or Dodge or another change their intramolecular spatial structure and give the recorded mechanical energy in the composition virtually irreversible through dissipation again. The composition preferably comprises also at least one liquid, the polar molecules in particular water or one or more alcohols or Glycerol, where the displacement or displacement of the polar molecules in externally acting Deformation or movement to a dissipation of the deformation or Kinetic energy leads. As a reversibly deformable material of the carrier matrix becomes an elastomer or an elastomeric composite specified, in particular natural rubber and / or Synthetic rubber, preferably a siloxane elastomer. Furthermore, will in this document WO 2004/022999 A1 also a Vorrich device for dampen mechanical movement, in particular a shock or a vibration, specified that a damping body with the steaming Composition contains. The damping device finds preferential application for the protection of the human body mechanical shocks, in particular in a shoe, especially in a shoe sole, in a footbed or in a shoe insert, or in a helmet.

In front everything in the orthopedic Range, but also in the field of sports shoes and hiking boots are to the individual foot shape a person adapted footbeds or insoles or soles. To adapt to the individual foot shape gets from the foot of the Person an imprint either in a stencil or form or also directly produced in a polymer raw material and the footbed or the shoe sole or Insole then in the first variant by means of the template or Form and in the second variant of the raw material with the footprint by curing and Crosslinking of the raw material produced.

In both variants, the footbed or sole produced is indeed adapted to the individual foot shape of the person. However, the shape or the footprint generated once during the production process remains permanent and can not be changed after fabrication. A slight misalignment in the production of the footprint or even a possible later slight change of the foot and its contact surfaces with the sole or footbed can no longer be taken into account in the sole or the footbed once manufactured. Rather, then a new footbed or a new sole with the correspondingly changed footprint must be generated.

Of the The invention is based on the object, a new damping Material and a new method for producing a damping Material and a device for damping mechanical movements, in particular of impacts or vibrations, specify.

These Task is according to the invention in terms of the material solved with the features of claim 1, with respect to the method solved with the Features of claim 33 and in terms of the device with the features of claim 36. Advantageous embodiments, Further developments and uses of the material, the manufacturing process and the device according to the invention emerge from the patent claim 1 and claim 27th or claim 40 respectively dependent claims.

• a) wenigstens ein reversibel verformbares Grundmaterial (Grundmatrix, Trägermaterial, Trägermatrix),
• b) wenigstens einen Stauchungskörper, der bei Beaufschlagung mit einem Druck aus einem Druckbereich, in dem das Grundmaterial ein wenigstens annähernd elastisches Verformungsverhalten zeigt oder aufweist, irreversibel unter Volumenverkleinerung stauchbar (oder: zusammendrückbar) ist,
• c) wobei jeder Stauchungskörper in dem Grundmaterial eingebettet oder on diesem umschlossen ist und an dem Grundmaterial zumindest überwiegend anhaftet oder mit dem Grundmaterial verbunden ist oder an dem Grundmaterial anliegt, beispielsweise durch einen Unterdruck,
• d) wobei bei einmaligem oder mehrmaligem Eindrücken eines Eindrückkörpers in das Grundmaterial an wenigstens einer vorgegebenen äußeren Oberfläche des Grundmaterials sich wenigstens eine an die Form des Eindrückkörpers angepasste oder eine von der Form des Eindrückkörpers abgeleitete permanente oder irreversible Einformung (oder: Ausnehmung, Abdruck) im dämpfenden Material ergibt,
• e) wobei das maximale Eindrückvolumen für die Einformung(en) (oder: die maximale Volumendifferenz zwischen dem ursprünglichen Material vor Erzeugen der Einformung und dem Material mit der Einformung) sich aus der maximalen irreversiblen Volumenverkleinerung aller Stauchungskörper (oder: die Summe aus den maximalen Differenz zwischen dem Volumen jedes Stauchungskörpers im ungestauchten Zustand und des Stauchungskörpers im gestauchten Zustand) ergibt.

The damping material (or: damping body, damping substrate) according to claim 1

• a) at least one reversibly deformable base material (base matrix, carrier material, carrier matrix),
• b) at least one compression body, which is compressible (or compressible) when exposed to a pressure from a pressure range in which the base material exhibits or exhibits an at least approximately elastic deformation behavior, irreversibly under volume reduction,
• c) wherein each compression body is embedded in or enclosed on the base material and adheres to the base material at least predominantly or is connected to the base material or abuts the base material, for example by a negative pressure,
• d) in which at least one predetermined outer surface of the base material at least one adapted to the shape of the Eindrückkörpers or derived from the shape of the indentation body permanent or irreversible indentation (or: recess, impression) in one or more impressions of a Eindrückkörpers gives damping material,
• e) where the maximum indentation volume for the indentation (s) (or: the maximum volume difference between the original material before creating the indentation and the material with the indentation) is the maximum irreversible volume reduction of all the upset bodies (or: the sum of the maximum difference between the volume of each compression body in the uncompressed state and the compression body in the compressed state) results.

For the reversible deformable base material are generally all elastic Materials that one for the desired Application sufficiently high elasticity and a sufficiently low Have hardness.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment contains the base material one or more elastomer (s) or elastomer compounds (compounds) or elastomeric mixtures called, in particular in the form of pure Polymers with one or more monomers (homomers, co-polymers, Block Copolymexe) or in the form of mixed types, mixtures, Compounds or compositions of several types of polymers are present can.

preferred Elastomers are, preferably crosslinked, natural rubbers and / or Synthetic rubbers. Synthetic rubbers are generally linear Polymers or chain polymers obtained by vulcanization or wide-meshed Crosslinked are crosslinked and thus soft elastic properties receive. It can both saturated (especially so-called M elastomers) or unsaturated (so-called R-elastomers) Synthetic rubbers and elastomers for Use come. Preferably come thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) for use, the formable and therefore particularly easy to process and recyling friendly.

• • Butadien-Elastomere (BR),
• • Styrol/Butadien-Elastomere (SBR),
• • Acrylnitril/Butadien-Elastomere (NBR),
• • Isopren-Elastomere (IR, NR)
• • Isopren/Isobuthylen-Copolymere (Butylkautschuk)
• • Vinylelastomere, insbesondere Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Polymere (EVA) und -Copolymere (EVAC),
• • Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymere (EPDM, EPM),
• • Acrylkautschuk (ACM),
• • Polyisobuthylen (PIB),
• • Urethankautschuk (PUR)

Suitable elastomers are, for example:

• Butadiene elastomers (BR),
• Styrene / butadiene elastomers (SBR),
• Acrylonitrile / butadiene elastomers (NBR),
• Isoprene elastomers (IR, NR)
• Isoprene / isobutylene copolymers (butyl rubber)
• Vinyl elastomers, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate polymers (EVA) and copolymers (EVAC),
• Ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPDM, EPM),
• • acrylic rubber (ACM),
• • polyisobutylene (PIB),
• • urethane rubber (PUR)

• • Siloxan-Elastomer (SI), das im Allgemeinen aus vernetzten Polysiloxanen oder Polysiloxanverbindungen aufgebaut ist und/oder mit Makromolekülen mit fortlaufender Verknüpfung von Siliciumatomen und Sauerstoffatomen aufgebaut ist.

Particularly preferred is a

• • Siloxane elastomer (SI), which is generally composed of crosslinked polysiloxanes or polysiloxane compounds and / or is constructed with macromolecules with continuous linking of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms.

Siloxane elastomers are heat resistant and healthy and practically harmless to the environment. A preferred siloxane elastomer is a siloxane rubber (SIR, Siloxane gum), also referred to as silicone rubber or short silicone. A siloxane gum is generally composed of crosslinked high molecular weight Polydimethylsiloxanes formed (Q), wherein a part of the methyl groups may be replaced by phenyl groups (PMQ) or vinyl groups (VMQ). The Vulcanization or crosslinking can in particular be a hot crosslinking, in particular with peroxides, or cold crosslinking, in particular with platinum compounds, organic tin compounds or amines, or be present directly in a one-component siloxane gum.

The or the elastomer (s) or the reversibly deformable base material or the material of at least one compression body can in an advantageous embodiment also in foamed form or as foam and / or have gas inclusions.

The Material of the or the compression body (s) is in contrast to Base material not elastic, but irreversibly deformable and becomes at squeezing compressed irreversibly. The base material and the material each Compression body are to be coordinated with each other so that they are linked together be liable.

Especially suitable materials for at least one or each compression body are brittle and / or fragile and / or porous Materials and / or foamed Materials. The compression materials are preferably made Plastic or polymer material, but also materials on vegetable base or mineral base. For example can polystyrene foam, pumice, vegetable pith, for example the Tiger Lilly, polysaccharide foam or cellulose foam, bloated corn kernels (popcorn, Puffmais) and a comprehensive group of materials.

In In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the material comprises several or many compression bodies, the statistically or according to predetermined Distribution densities or numbers per unit volume or also according to one predetermined arrangement are arranged distributed in the base material.

There the larger compression bodies at same material usually a larger compression or Eindrückvolumen to disposal can set with larger compression bodies greater insertion volume or achieved a shorter adaptation time to the final indentation or shape adaptation be as with smaller compression bodies.

In a particular embodiment can different sizes Compression body with defined different sizes or size ranges and / or different, especially differently compressible, materials in a base material be provided. As a result, especially at several Eindrückvorgängen the beginning a rapid increase in molding or fitting can be achieved by upsetting the larger or slightly compressible upset body and a small increase of the indentation volume against End by upsetting the smaller or heavier compressible compression body up to the final Shape or indentation.

The absolute size of the compression body at least in an extent is dependent from the application, but can range between 0.5mm and 10 cm are.

Especially It is advantageous if at least one or each compression body spaces or cavities or pores which in the irreversible compression or volume reduction at least partially collapse or at least become smaller and / or with Gas filled are, that at compression of the compression body by the base material outward repressed becomes. The base material is preferably for in the interspaces or cavities at least one or each compression body located gas in the when impressed of the indenter the compression body acting press permeable and / or has intermolecular spaces for passing the gas.

In a particular embodiment is in the gaps or cavities at least one or each compression body at least one evaporating or sublimating substance whose gas partial pressure is too a slowed decrease in the volume of the gap or Cavity and / or the compression body leads. For example, this can be done Naphthalene can be used.

The Base material is generally substantially gas tight and / or at atmospheric pressure is vapor-tight or has only a comparatively low diffusion rate on, leaving the compression body protected by the base material from a gas atmosphere from the outside and in particular a in the interstices or cavities obtained by upsetting gas pressure is maintained by maintain the concern of the base material on the compression body even if there is no adhesion.

The shape of the at least one compression body can in particular spherical or be flake-shaped or granular. In a particular embodiment, a grid or grid or other holes having structure or grid-like arrangement can be realized with one or more upsetting bodies. As a result, continuous, in particular in the direction of insertion or loading, in particular columnar structures can be produced in the base material, for example for achieving greater softness and / or for forming nubs or other surface structures from the base material.

Especially an embodiment is advantageous when the material on the surrounding surfaces outside the surface, in which the indentation (s) produced by pressing the indenter is or will, practically not deformed.

The Profile or the topology of the indentation is usually dependent on the number, the strength and Direction of Eindrückvorgänge is and / or successively as an averaging or through integration over the successive Eindrückvorgänge results.

The Base material can be used to reinforce his Dissipation in addition also at least one collagen and / or at least one polar liquid include. Preferably then elastomer (s), liquid and collagen are mixed together or mixed or enforced each other in a mixture or mixture and in particular also have chemical or physical connections with each other, but the chemical character of the individual components in do not change the composition significantly. For this embodiment can adopted all the features and properties known from WO 2004/022999 A1 .. The impact resilience of the elastomer can be set much larger be compared to known damping materials, which consist only of Elasto meren, since the collagen damping properties already significantly improved.

• a) es wird eine im Wesentlichen noch unvernetzte flüssige, im Allgemeinen viskose oder zähflüssige, Elastomer-Ausgangssubstanz (oder: Elastomerquelle) bereitgestellt,
• b) es wird wenigstens ein Stauchungskörper zur Verfügung gestellt,
• c) die Elastomer-Ausgangssubstanz und die Stauchungskörper werden gemischt oder durchmischt,
• d) die Moleküle der Elastomer-Ausgangssubstanz werden in der erzeugten Mischung, im Allgemeinen dreidimensional, vernetzt.

An advantageous method for producing the material according to the invention comprises the following method steps:

• a) an essentially uncrosslinked liquid, generally viscous or viscous, elastomer starting material (or: elastomer source) is provided,
• b) at least one compression body is provided,
• c) the elastomer starting substance and the compression bodies are mixed or mixed,
• d) the molecules of the elastomer starting material are crosslinked in the mixture produced, generally in three dimensions.

It Thus, the crosslinking or curing of the elastomer in the Mixture made, so that the compression body by the networking of the elastomer molecules still be further embedded or enclosed in the mixture. The Mixture is usually used in crosslinking to form a hardened deformable, but no longer flowable or liquid body. Of the body is preferably in a desired Shape brought by the liquid Mixture of elastomer starting material and compression bodies in a mold (a mold) is introduced and the crosslinking at least predominantly takes place first in the form and then out of the mixture hardened body is taken from the mold. But it is alternatively possible, the Elastomer starting material and compression body on a film or a other flexible carrier be sprayed on and then wind the film into a tube or roll.

A Device for steaming mechanical movements, in particular mechanical shocks or Vibrations, with a damping material according to the invention fitted.

The Material and the damping device according to the invention can for many used different applications for shock or vibration damping become.

A first advantageous use of the material or the device is to protect the human body from mechanical shock, preferably in a shoe sole, in a footbed or a shoe insert or in a helmet or a glove.

A second advantageous use of the device is the use for steaming vibrations or vibrations between two mechanical bodies.

The The invention will be further explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments. there is referred to the drawing, in whose

1 a damping material in the original, not yet depressed to the shape of a press-in state in a section,

2 according to the damping material 1 under the action of an impressing body pressing into a surface in a sectional representation,

3 the damping material with the by the injection body according to 2 produced to the shape of the indentor body adapted indentation in a sectional view,

4 a further damping material with a permanent indentation generated by an indentation body in a sectional view,

5 a footbed of a damping material according to the invention in a plan view,
are each shown schematically. Corresponding parts and sizes are in the 1 to 5 provided with the same reference numerals.

The damping material 2 according to 1 to 3 comprises an elastic base material (base matrix, carrier material, carrier matrix, substrate) 3 into which a variety of compression bodies 4 and 5 are embedded. The, for example, formed as a molded body, material 2 includes a first surface 20 and one from the first surface 20 remote second surface 21 and at least two lateral surfaces 22 and 23 over which the first surface 20 and the second surface 21 are connected to each other. On the surfaces 20 to 23 there is only the base material 3 , The compression bodies 4 and 5 So they are completely in the base material 3 enclosed or enclosed by this. This protects the base material 3 the compression bodies 4 and 5 from external influences, for example moisture. Furthermore, the compression bodies 4 and 5 with the base material 3 physically, for example by adhesion forces, van der Waals forces or positive engagement, or even chemically bonded, thus adhere to the base material 3 at.

In the illustrated embodiment according to 1 to 3 the compression bodies are divided into two groups of different sizes, namely in larger compression body 4 and smaller compression bodies 5 , The compression bodies 4 and 5 are formed as particles and each substantially spherical, but may also have other shapes.

As elastic base material 3 For example, a siloxane elastomer or elastomer based on polysiloxanes is provided while the compression bodies or particles 4 and 5 consist of a polymer foam such as a polystyrene foam. It may be for the base material 3 but other elastomers can be used as well as for the compression body 4 and 5 in principle, all irreversibly collapsible materials that irreversibly decrease in volume when compressed.

According to 2 will now be on the first surface 20 an impression body 6 with a force or a pressure in the direction of the designated E, the Eindrückrichtung indicating arrow in the damping material 2 pressed. Below the indenter 6 , or more precisely its projection in Eindrückrichtung E, or below the partial surface 20A the first surface 20 into which the indentor body 6 pushes in and with which he is in contact, the compression body 4 and 5 pressed together. Here are the larger compression body 4 usually compressed by a larger volume than the smaller compression body 5 , The compressed compression bodies 4 are with 4 ' and the compressed compression bodies 5 With 5 ' , Outside the indentation area or below the partial area 20A surrounding partial surface 20B the first surface 20 remain the compression body 4 and 5 essentially undeformed, that is, maintaining their volumes.

By the compression of the compression body 4 and 5 only in the area below the depressed part area 20A the first surface 20 or below the projection of the indenter 6 in the Eindrückrichtung E remain the other surfaces 20B . 21 and 22 and 23 of the damping material 2 essentially unchanged. The damping material 2 So keeps except the resulting indentation in the sub-area 20A the first surface 20 unchanged in shape.

The damping material 2 lies with its second surface 21 during the depression of the indenter 6 on a support surface 7 , For example, a floor, on the acting Eindrückkräfte in a deformation of the damping material 2 implement.

3 shows the damping material 2 after removing the indenter 6 according to 2 , It can be seen that now the damping material 2 in the area of the partial area 20A the first surface 20 with a permanent indentation 25 is provided, the indentation 25 So also by the restoring forces of the elastic base material 3 no longer in the original form according to 1 returns. Rather, the base material is liable 3 at the compression bodies 4 ' and 5 ' and becomes through this connection and the connection forces within the basic material 3 in the new form according to 3 permanently held.

4 shows a further embodiment of a with a molding 25 provided material 2 ' in which in the area in which the Einformtiefe of the indentation 25 or penetration depth for the indentor body is greatest, less compression body 4 ' are arranged as in the surrounding areas, however, these compression body 4 ' originally had a comparatively large volume.

The damping properties of the damping material 2 guaranteed in all execution Form the elastic base material 3 , The damping properties can by additives to the elastic base material 3 be reinforced, for example, by admixing or adding collagen and preferably additionally polar liquids such as water, and other additives, for. As antifreeze, as disclosed for example in WO 2004/022999 A1, the disclosure of which is fully incorporated into the present application.

5 now shows the use of a damping material according to the invention in a footbed 10 or alternatively in an insole or shoe sole. Such a footbed 10 Can be used to adapt to an individual foot shape in the field of orthopedic shoes or in the sports field or in the field of hiking boots or in general in each shoe.

When a person walks across the floor with shoes on their feet, running or jumping, forces act between the floor and the foot, called floor reaction forces, when walking 1 to 1 . 5 times the weight of the body of the person, when running two to three times the weight and when jumping even five to ten times the weight of the person can correspond. Impacts occur both when landing and when lifting the foot with the shoe, especially in the heel and football. To cushion or damp these floor reaction forces and also for a better grip of the foot in the footbed, is the footbed 10 according to 5 at least in some areas with the damping material 2 according to the invention, in particular in an embodiment according to the 1 to 4 , fitted.

According to 5 is the footbed 10 formed from an integral molding of an elastomeric material such as siloxane elastomer, for example cast or injection molded. In the elastomeric material, compression bodies are embedded at least in partial regions, for example by introduction during the casting or injection molding process, so that a damping material is embedded 2 is realized according to the invention.

The concentration, distribution or number per unit volume of the upset bodies or the indentation volume provided by the upset bodies is inhomogeneous with the floor footprint of the footbed 10 distributed to take into account the foot anatomy. Thus, in the embodiment according to 5 a heel area in the heel area 11 in the area of the football and the outer foot edge a ball area 12 and in the area of the toes a toe area 13 each with a particularly high proportion of compression bodies or a particularly large insertion volume of the damping material 2 intended. In the other areas, a comparatively smaller number or distribution of compression bodies may be provided or at least partially even no compression bodies may be provided, if an adaptation of the footbed 10 on the foot in such an area, for example in the area of the arch of the foot, can or should be completely dispensed with. The arrangement and distribution of the compression body can be tailored to the desired specifications of the footbed 10 or a shoe sole, the specification resulting from the use of the shoe or even the individual foot and possible anatomical or orthopedic peculiarities.

The footbed 10 is first, similar to in 1 , made with a standard or basic shape and is then when trying and wearing the shoe through the repeatedly in the footbed 10 impressing foot itself adapted to its shape by individually adapted to the foot recesses in the footbed 10 be created by the foot and its depressions when standing, walking or running. This dynamic and autonomous adjustment of the footbed 10 to the lower foot shape in the sole area can be selected by suitable choice of the damping material 2 , in particular the compression body, stretch over a longer period of a few hours or even days and weeks until the final fit or indentation is achieved.

The footbed 10 At each stage or at any time of this self-adjustment to the lower foot mold, it forms a device for damping and protecting the foot from shocks and stresses when it hits the ground. The most accurate fit of the footbed 10 evenly distributes or distributes the force applied to the foot over the contact surface which is larger due to the adaptation and thus reduces the partial forces, pressures or force impacts locally acting on the foot. Regardless of the concrete current shape of the indentation or the footprint in the footbed 10 the footbed works 10 through the elastic base material 3 in damping material 2 and the ever-existing damping in an elastic material damping or shock absorbing.

If the final footbed 10 In this way, it is automatically adjusted or created by wearing the shoes and thus does not significantly change the footings caused by the foot, the footbed works 10 practically as well as a prior art footbed. In particular, after a shock or egg nem compression of the footbed 10 or damping material 2 about the elasticity of the base material 3 the previous, defined shape of the footbed 10 restored with the Einformun conditions. This process of elastic deformation and demolding is reversible and can be repeated cyclically.

The damping material 2 According to the invention can be used for any technical application as a shock absorber or for damping mechanical movements. Applications are in particular the protection of the human body against shock and impact loads, especially in the already mentioned shoe technology, but also in orthopedic technology in general, helmets or gloves.

The elastic damping Material according to the invention reserves So a deformation by impression, preferably exactly flush, irreversible or permanently at. This is a permanent custom fit of elastic damping Material to the repeated loading of an object more consistent Shape possible.

The Deformation can be done in a single indentation process or in several Steps are successively done, making it an averaging or spatial and temporal integration of the impressions can come, which is a one imprinting or impinging object imaging embedding or support surface for this Causing the object. The time of exposure to emergence The imaging deformations in the material is arbitrary and completely independent of the formation of the material, d. H. the deformations in their intended Art done preferably after the manufacture of the material. In a particular embodiment would it be but also conceivable that in the first production already by a pattern or a template of the object to be imaged or molded the impression is generated in advance.

The Stereometry or topology of resulting permanent pictures in elastic, cushioning Material results as a picture or impression of an impinging Object in the material and / or from the penetration of the impinging Object in the direction of the projection of the object in the Direction of penetration of the material as a function of the time of the action.

The absorbing Material or substrate undergoes his pictorial (spatial, superficial) permanent changes not by lateral deviations or bulges or bulging by displacement on the edge of the projection of the impinging object, but only spatial by compression in the direction of the force impulse or indentation pressure of the invading object.

It Thus, with the invention, a targeted durable accurate Embedding the load-bearing object in a damping substrate, for example a sole of the foot in a shoe insole or a shoe footbed, obtained. The process the formation of the substrate takes place automatically in interaction or in the interaction of the substrate with the overburdening or imaging Object. It therefore requires no further chemical, mechanical or the course of constituent measures or aids during or after the interactive imaging process.

Of the Time of manufacture of the substrate is independent of the time of its effective Use in their application, d. H. the internal changes of the substrate to the desired Final result are independent from the time of manufacture of the product. The beginning of the mission of the product is arbitrary.

By the embedding process, for. B. a foot in an insole or a footbed, will irregular overload and consequently overuse Avoid the overloading object. By exactly fitting bedding is the damping in the course of the power surge supported by the overloading object and thus the structural stresses (Eg foot, Leg, spine) of the auflastenden object (Ex. Body) significantly reduced. The on the surface of the object, e.g. B ,. foot, acting pressure is due to the exact fit and thus the largest possible contact surface of the to dampen Object reduced and high notch stresses are avoided. Furthermore is due to the precise embedding of the braking pulse or the braking acceleration consistently aligned and thus a directional, structural improper and stress increasing acceleration of the overburden Object avoided (eg construction-related, directed power flow foot - leg - spine)

The damping and adaptation performance of the material is achieved by synergistic properties of the batch according to the invention, which is composed of the elastic base material and the compressible material. In the matrix (the base material) the compressive material to be deformed is mixed in any predetermined configuration, z. B. spherical, flaky, powdery. As an application-specific advantageous, it may be to insert the portion of the batch to be compressed as a preformed part in the base material. The execution depends on the prospective exposure conditions. The basic mate Rial can advantageously contain intermolecular interstices, through which the gas content of the compressed batch portion can escape after compression. By adding auxiliaries, on the one hand, the proportion of the mixture to be compressed can be influenced according to the invention as being due to the escape of the portions released during upsetting.

The mixing ratio the materials, ie the elastic base material and the compressible material is due to the intended performance as well as the shape of the Product determined. Criteria of the inventive performance are in particular the desired elasticity and damping the Mixture, the desired Penetration depth of the auflastenden object and the desired duration of the Imaging process, z. B. an adjustment period to a cyclic repeated load operation, e.g. B. a slow deformation especially at the beginning when trying on the insole or the shoe.

2, 2 '

steaming material

3

base material

4, 4 '

Compression body

5, 5 '

Compression body

6

indenter

7

supporting

10

footbed

11

heel

12

ball area

13

toe

20

surface

20A, 20B

subarea

21 22 23

surface

25

indentation

e

pressing in

Claims (41)

steaming Material comprising a) at least one reversibly deformable Base material, b) at least one compression body, the upon application of pressure from a pressure range in which the base material at least approximately elastic deformation behavior shows or exhibits irreversibly compressible under volume reduction is c) wherein each compression body embedded in the base material is and at least predominantly rests or adheres to the base material, d) wherein with a single or multiple impressions of a Eindrückkörpers in the base material on at least one predetermined outer surface of the Base material is at least one adapted to the shape of the indenter or one derived from the shape of the indenter permanent or irreversible indentation in the damping material, e) being the maximum indentation volume for the Impression (s) resulting from the maximum irreversible volume reduction all compression body results. Material according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of compression bodies. Material according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of compression bodies with at least two different volumes or with volumes out at least two different volume areas and / or with at least two different outer diameters and / or with Outer diameters provided from at least two different outer diameter ranges are. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, where the maximum outside diameter of the or the compression body (S) is in a range between 0.5 mm and 10 cm. Material according to one or more of claims 2 to 4, in which the compression body made of the same material. Material according to one or more of claims 2 to 4, in which the compression body consist of at least two different materials. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, where the compression body at least two different maximum irreversible volume reductions or compression capacity exhibit. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, wherein at least one or each compression body has spaces or cavities, at least in case of irreversible compression or volume reduction partially collapse or at least become smaller. Material according to claim 8, wherein in the spaces or cavities located gas inclusions be displaced during the compression of the compression body and by the base material outward be discharged. Material according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the basic material for that in the gaps or cavities At least one or each compression body located gas in the at push in of the indenter the compression body acting press permeable is and / or intermolecular spaces for passing the gas having. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, at that in the interstices or cavities at least one or each compression body at least one evaporating or sublimating substance is arranged, the gas partial pressure to a slower decrease in the volume of the gap or cavity and / or the compression body leads. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which the base material is substantially gas-tight under atmospheric pressure and / or is vapor-tight or only a comparatively low diffusion rate having. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, wherein at least one or each compression body of a brittle and / or fragile material exists. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which at least one or each compression body made of a porous material or a foam. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which at least one or each compression body made of a plastic or Polymer material consists. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, wherein at least one or each compression body made of a material on vegetable Basis exists. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which at least one or each compression body made of a mineral Material exists. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, at least one or each compression body of at least one material from the polystyrene foam, pumice, vegetable pith, in particular Tiger Lilly, polysaccharide or cellulose foam, and puffed corn kernels Group of materials. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, wherein at least one or more compression body formed substantially spherical are. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which at least one or more compression bodies are substantially flake-shaped are. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which at least one or more compression bodies are substantially grain-shaped are. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which at least one or more compression bodies are substantially in shape a grid or network or other structure having holes or a grid-like arrangement is formed or arranged are. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, at the other outer surfaces of the absorbing Materials outside the outer surface, in which generates the indentation (s) by impressing the indentation body is or will, in its shape and / or extent also after generating the indentation are substantially unchanged and / or a reduction in volume of Compression body and / or the material substantially only in the projection of the Indentor body in the Eindrückrichtung he follows. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which the profile or the topology of the indentation depends on the number, the strength and Direction of Eindrückvorgänge is and / or successively as an averaging or through integration over the successive Eindrückvorgänge results. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, wherein the base material is at least one elastomer or a mixture or a composite of elastomers. Material according to claim 25, in which as an elastomer (e) at least one, preferably crosslinked or vulcanized, natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber and / or a siloxane elastomer, in particular a siloxane gum. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, wherein the base material comprises an elastomeric foam and / or gas inclusions contains. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which the base material in a mass fraction between 60% by mass and 95% by mass based on the total mass of the material. Material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, where the base material contains at least one collagen. Material according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the base material comprises at least one liquid with liquid contains molecules. Material according to claim 30 and claim 29 and one the claims 25 and 26, in the elastomer or elastomer blend or composite, Collagen and fluid form a mixture or mixture. Material according to one or more of the preceding claims for steaming mechanical movements, in particular mechanical shocks or Vibrations. Method for producing a material after a or more of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: a) Providing a substantially still uncrosslinked liquid elastomer starting material, b) Providing at least one compression body, preferably a plurality of compression bodies c) Generating a mixture of the elastomer starting material and the Compression bodies and optionally other substances such as a collagen starting substance, d) crosslink of molecules the elastomer starting material in the mixture produced. Device for damping mechanical movement, in particular a shock or a vibration containing a damping material after one or more of the claims 1 to 32 or one produced by a method according to claim 33 Material. Apparatus according to claim 34, comprising at least one Damping body, the the damping material contains. Apparatus according to claim 35 comprising at least a case, in the interior of which at least one damping body is arranged and / or the reversible, in particular elastic, is deformable. Apparatus according to claim 36, wherein the damping body with the shell connected is. Apparatus according to claim 36 or claim 37, wherein in the interior of the shell at least one alternative space is provided, in which the damping body at Dodge deformation. Device according to one or more of claims 36 to 38 with several damping bodies, the are arranged in a grid-like arrangement. Device according to one of claims 34 to 39 for the protection of human body before mechanical shocks. Device according to one of claims 34 to 40 designed as or arranged in a shoe sole, in a footbed or a shoe insert.