CN203414443U

CN203414443U - Acoustic nondestructive detection device for quality of fruits

Info

Publication number: CN203414443U
Application number: CN201320477319.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王剑平; 毛建华; 张剑一; 杨春伟; 盖玲
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date: 2013-08-06
Filing date: 2013-08-06
Publication date: 2014-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 2023-08-06

Abstract

The utility model discloses an acoustic nondestructive detection device for the quality of fruits. The acoustic nondestructive detection device is characterized in that a stepping motor is fixed at one end of a cross beam by an installing seat; the upper end of the installing seat is connected with a handle part of a fork-shaped sensor bracket; two arms of the fork-shaped sensor bracket are respectively provided with a laser transmitting tube and a laser receiving tube in a vertical downward manner; any arm of the fork-shaped sensor bracket is provided with a microphone; a knocking rod is connected with the shaft end of the stepping motor by a coupler; the other end of the cross beam is fixed in a sliding groove in the upper end of a vertical sliding rod; the lower end of the vertical sliding rod is fixed on a base frame; a controller is fixed on the cross beam; a tray with fruits is positioned below the knocking rod; the knocking rod and the fork-shaped sensor bracket are positioned at the same side of the fruits; the knocking rod knocks the equatorial part of the fruits and can move in the two arms of the fork-shaped sensor bracket. The acoustic nondestructive detection device disclosed by the utility model utilizes the relation between the resonance frequency of acoustic signals generated when the fruits are knocked and the quality of the fruits to realize nondestructive detection, and has the advantages of fastness, accuracy, simplicity in operation and high reliability.

Description

A kind of fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of fruit quality detection device, especially relates to a kind of fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device.

Background technology

Along with improving constantly of people's standard of living, people focus on the inside qualities such as local flavor, mouthfeel, pol during fruit more in consumption, and the means by technology detect fruit accurately to fruit quality has become the common focus of paying close attention to of consumer and dealer.Existing fruit quality detection technology can be divided into diminishing and detects and two kinds of Non-Destructive Testings.Diminishing detection technique wastes time and energy, to environment and to fruit, causes damage, has at present gradually the trend by Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement replaced.

Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement comprises nearly x-ray method, electric method, infra-red sepectrometry, Electronic Nose method, machine vision method etc., not destroying fruit outward appearance, do not change under the prerequisite of fruit-like flavour optics by fruit, electricity, smell, dynamics etc. and fruit is realized to the detection of inside quality.But above-mentioned Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement also exists intrinsic limitation, as x-ray method is usually used in, fruit internal damages and the detection of defect, but device volume is large, and cost is high; Electric method is mainly the electrical parameter judgement fruit quality such as the electricity of fruit is led, reactance, loss factor by detecting, but accuracy of detection is vulnerable to that external electromagnetic field disturbs and the impact of the factor such as electrode polarization; Near infrared spectroscopy can detect many inside qualities of fruit, as pol, soluble solid, acidity etc., but penetration range is little, helpless to skin depth fruit, and only can make-game portion Quality Detection, because fruit internal component distributing is inhomogeneous, affect the accuracy detecting; Electronic Nose method judges inside quality for the specific scent of sending in fruit maturation, and the precision of detection and applicable types of fruits are restricted; Machine vision method only can detect appearance index such as the color of fruit, sizes, and cost is higher.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device, solves fruit quality Non-Destructive Testing and is easily disturbed, and shortcoming poor for applicability, has improved reliability and the precision of fruit quality detection.

The technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

The utility model comprises vertical slide bar, controller, wing nut and screw rod, crossbeam, mount pad, shaft coupling, stepper motor, fork sensor support, a pair of laser sensor, microphone, knocks bar, fruit, pallet, base, stepper motor uses screw rod and wing nut to be fixed on one end of crossbeam by mount pad, mount pad upper end is connected with the shank of fork sensor support, two arms of fork sensor support vertically downward, the power valve of laser sensor is equipped with respectively in two arm ends, receiving tube, on arbitrary arm of fork sensor support, microphone is housed, knocking bar is connected with stepper motor axle head by shaft coupling, the other end of crossbeam is fixed in the chute of vertical slide bar upper end, vertical slide bar lower end is fixed on base frame, controller is fixed on crossbeam, fruit is placed on pallet, pallet is placed on and knocks bar below, the center of pallet in base, knock bar and fork sensor support and be all positioned at the same side of fruit, knocking the position that bar knocks drops on the position, equator of fruit, and knocking bar can move in two arms of fork sensor support.

Described controller, comprises DSP, microphone, signal conditioning circuit, trigger circuit, acquisition module, driver module, button and LCD MODULE; The voice signal Vm that microphone is collected sends into through signal conditioning circuit, the signal Vc obtaining sends into trigger circuit and processes rear output signal Vin, Vin inputs DSP through acquisition module collection by synchronous serial bus, driver module, button and LCD MODULE are connected with DSP respectively, and driver module is connected with stepper motor.

Described signal conditioning circuit, comprises the instrument amplifying circuit that amplifier U9 and potentiometer R15 form; The six rank Bezier low-pass filter circuits that formed by amplifier U10A, amplifier U10B, amplifier U11A and peripheral capacitance resistance; Signal Vc after voice signal Vm exports after amplifying circuit amplification, low-pass filter circuit filtering for instrument.

Described trigger circuit, comprise the first comparer that amplifier U1A and potentiometer R13 form; The second comparer that amplifier U1B and potentiometer R14 form; Logic gates with door U2A and not gate U6A formation; The switch on and off circuit that resistance R 1, triode Q1, relay K 1 and diode D1 form; By laser sensor T1, d type flip flop U12A, form triggering enable circuits; Trigger the output signal Vt of enable circuits and the output of two comparers and be connected to logic gates, the output connecting valve on-off circuit of logic gates, a contact of the relay K 1 in signal Vc connecting valve on-off circuit, another contact output signal Vin of relay K 1.

Described driver module, comprises the adjustable DC power circuit that voltage-dropping type DC/DC switch chip U3, digital regulation resistance U5, two inputs or door U4A and peripheral components form; The buffer circuit that opto-coupler chip U7 forms; The driving circuit that H bridge chip U8 forms; Signal IN1, signal IN2, signal IN3 and signal IN4 input optocoupler from DSP, the output signal Vdri of the output of opto-coupler chip U7 and adjustable DC power circuit is connected to driving circuit, output signal OUT1～the OUT4 of driving circuit is connected with stepper motor, from the signal PU of DSP and signal PD with or a door U4A be connected, or the 4th pin ASE that the output terminal of door U4A connects digital regulation resistance U5 holds.

The beneficial effect the utlity model has is:

The resonant frequency of the voice signal producing when the utility model utilizes fruit to be subject to clashing into and the relation between fruit quality realize Non-Destructive Testing, during due to detection, regard fruit as integral body, have overcome impact testing result being caused because of fruit ingredient skewness; Trigger circuit have reduced the interference of outside noise to voice signal, improve measuring accuracy; While knocking height, dynamics and speed all adjustable, have quick, with low cost, accuracy of detection is high; Be applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of various fruits quality, be particularly suitable for the Quality Detection of the fruit that the skin depth shells such as watermelon, "Hami" melon, walnut are hard.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is structure of the detecting device schematic diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is the utility model controller circuitry theory diagram.

Fig. 3 is signal conditioning circuit circuit diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 4 is trigger circuit circuit diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 5 is driver module circuit diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 6 is pick-up unit workflow diagram of the present utility model.

In figure: 1, vertical slide bar, 2, controller, 3, wing nut and screw rod, 4, crossbeam, 5, mount pad, 6, shaft coupling, 7, stepper motor, 8, fork sensor support, 9, laser sensor, 10, microphone, 11, knock bar, 12, fruit, 13, pallet, 14, base.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model will be further described.

As shown in Figure 1, the utility model comprises vertical slide bar 1, controller 2, wing nut and screw rod 3, crossbeam 4, mount pad 5, shaft coupling 6, stepper motor 7, fork sensor support 8, a pair of laser sensor 9, microphone 10, knocks bar 11, fruit 12, pallet 13, base 14, stepper motor 7 is fixed on one end of crossbeam 4 by mount pad 5 use screw rods and wing nut 3, mount pad 5 upper ends are connected with the shank of fork sensor support 8, two arms of fork sensor support 8 vertically downward, the power valve of laser sensor is equipped with respectively in two arm ends, receiving tube 9, on arbitrary arm of fork sensor support 8, microphone 10 is housed, knocking bar 11 is connected with stepper motor 7 axle heads by shaft coupling 6, the other end of crossbeam 4 is fixed in the chute of vertical slide bar 1 upper end, vertical slide bar 1 lower end is fixed on base 14 frames, controller 2 is fixed on crossbeam 4, fruit 12 is placed on pallet 13, pallet 13 is placed on and knocks bar 11 belows, the center of pallet 13 in base 14, knock bar 11 and fork sensor support 8 and be all positioned at the same side of fruit 12, knocking the position that bar 11 knocks drops on the position, equator of fruit 12, and knocking bar 11 can move in two arms of fork sensor support 8.

Before test, fruit 12 is positioned on pallet 13, along vertical slide bar 1, regulate the height of crossbeam 4, when knock bar 11 suitable apart from the height of fruit after, crossbeam 4 positions are fixed, then unscrew wing nut 3, to knocking the height of bar 11, carry out fine tuning, guarantee to knock the position, equator that bar 11 lower end beads can knock fruit, then tighten wing nut 3.

The principle of work of the cannot-harm-detection device of the present utility model is:

Controller 2 Driving Stepping Motors 7 rotate, thereby drive the motion of knocking bar 11 being connected with shaft coupling 7, knock bar 11 in the process of fruit 12 apparent motions, laser sensor 9 is formed and blocked, the signal rising edge producing is started working trigger circuit, after knocking end, controller 2 control step motor 7 motions in the other direction, knock bar 11 along counter-rotation, during again by laser sensor 9, the signal rising edge producing quits work trigger circuit, guaranteed that pick-up unit is only knock in the period just can collected sound signal, collection signal not in other periods, reduced as much as possible outside noise to the interference detecting.

As shown in Figure 2, controller 2, comprises DSP, microphone, signal conditioning circuit, trigger circuit, acquisition module, driver module, button and LCD MODULE; The voice signal Vm that microphone is collected sends into through signal conditioning circuit, the signal Vc obtaining sends into trigger circuit and processes rear output signal Vin, Vin inputs DSP through acquisition module collection by synchronous serial bus, driver module, button and LCD MODULE are connected with DSP respectively, and driver module is connected with stepper motor.

The principle of work of controller is: after button S1 presses, DSP sends signal IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4, make to knock bar and knock fruit surface, the signal Vm input signal conditioning circuit that sound obtains after microphone is collected amplifies and filtering, the signal obtaining after filtering is between 0 ~ 1000Hz, in the time of by noise signal filtering, comprised the characteristic frequency spectrum section that attributional analysis is used, the signal Vc of signal conditioning circuit output controls the beginning of sampling by trigger circuit and stops constantly, the output Vin input data acquisition module of trigger circuit, by synchronous serial bus, send into DSP, the built-in program of DSP is carried out FFT conversion, time-domain signal is transformed into frequency domain, the second resonant frequency to signal extracts, according to forecast model, dope the quality of fruit, and result is delivered in LCD MODULE and shown.Button S4 is used for percussion power and the speed of knocking to carry out function selection, when button S4 selects percussion power is set, button S2 and button S3 increase percussion power respectively and reduce, and when button S4 selects setting to knock speed, button S2 and button S3 increase the speed of knocking respectively and reduce.

As shown in Figure 3, described signal conditioning circuit, comprises the instrument amplifying circuit that amplifier U9 and potentiometer R15 form; The six rank Bezier low-pass filter circuits that formed by amplifier U10A, amplifier U10B, amplifier U11A and peripheral capacitance resistance; Signal Vc after voice signal Vm exports after amplifying circuit amplification, low-pass filter circuit filtering for instrument.

The principle of work of signal conditioning circuit is: potentiometer R15 and instrument form instrument amplifying circuit with amplification chip U9, by regulator potentiometer R15, realize the adjusting of voltage gain, after input signal Vm is amplified, the wave filter of sending into amplifier U10A, amplifier U10B and amplifier U11A and peripheral Resistor-Capacitor Unit formation amplifies, the cutoff frequency of this wave filter is set to 1000Hz, transition band width 1000Hz.

Instrument can adopt AD620 with amplification chip U9, to reduce peripheral circuit complexity, improves circuit reliability, and amplifier U10A, amplifier U10B and amplifier U11A can adopt band compensation low noise amplifier chip NE5532.

As shown in Figure 4, described trigger circuit, comprise the first comparer that amplifier U1A and potentiometer R13 form; The second comparer that amplifier U1B and potentiometer R14 form; Logic gates with door U2A and not gate U6A formation; The switch on and off circuit that resistance R 1, triode Q1, relay K 1 and diode D1 form; By laser sensor T1, d type flip flop U12A, form triggering enable circuits; Trigger the output signal Vt of enable circuits and the output of two comparers and be connected to logic gates, the output connecting valve on-off circuit of logic gates, a contact of the relay K 1 in signal Vc connecting valve on-off circuit, another contact output signal Vin of relay K 1.

The principle of work of trigger circuit is: when knocking bar and moving to fruit direction, after laser sensor is blocked, can produce one at T1 receiving tube the 2nd pin and just jump edge, thereby make the U12A upset of d type flip flop, the triggering enable signal Vt of its output terminal Q becomes high level from low level, after knocking end, while knocking bar revolution, can again block laser sensor, thereby again cause d type flip flop U12A state turnover, trigger enable signal Vt and become low level from high level.The comparator circuit that comparer U1A and potentiometer R13 form is by changing the value of potentiometer R13, can set the voltage threshold of sampling start time, the comparator circuit that comparer U1B and potentiometer R14 form, by changing the value of potentiometer R14, can be set the sampling voltage threshold of the finish time.When triggering enable signal Vt is high level, if when comparer U1A exports high level, comparer U1B output low level,, after not gate U6A, U2A is output as high level with door, makes triode Q1 saturation conduction, relay K 1 closing of contact, sampled voice starts; When triggering enable signal Vt and be low level, with output perseverance of door U2A be low level, triode Q1 ends, the contact disconnection of relay K 1, sampled voice finishes.

D type flip flop U12A in Fig. 4 can adopt CD4013, and comparer U1A and comparer U1B can adopt LM393, can adopt CD4073 with door U2A, and not gate U6A can adopt 74LS04.

As shown in Figure 5, described driver module, comprises the adjustable DC power circuit that voltage-dropping type DC/DC switch chip U3, digital regulation resistance U5, two inputs or door U4A and peripheral components form; The buffer circuit that opto-coupler chip U7 forms; The driving circuit that H bridge chip U8 forms; Signal IN1, signal IN2, signal IN3 and signal IN4 input optocoupler from DSP, the output signal Vdri of the output of opto-coupler chip U7 and adjustable DC power circuit is connected to driving circuit, output signal OUT1～the OUT4 of driving circuit is connected with stepper motor, from the signal PU of DSP and signal PD with or a door U4A be connected, or the 4th pin ASE that the output terminal of door U4A connects digital regulation resistance U5 holds.

The principle of work of driver module is: when button S4 is chosen as change while knocking power function, if button S2 or button S3 press, DSP sends signal PU or PD, by making the ASE end of digital regulation resistance U5 effective after two inputs or door U4A, the resistance of digital regulation resistance U5 reduces or increases, the output voltage FB that causes the bleeder circuit that digital regulation resistance U5 and resistance R 2 form reduces or increases, make the output voltage V dri of voltage-dropping type DC/DC chip U3 increase or reduce, Vdri can change as the power supply of driving circuit the size of current that stepper motor passes through, thereby change the power of knocking fruit.DSP is controlled the rotating speed of stepper motor by changing the change frequency of signal IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN3, not only can control the power of knocking, and can control the interval time (controlling the speed of knocking) of knocking.

In Fig. 6, two inputs or door U4A can adopt 74LS32, and digital regulation resistance U5 can adopt FT6147, and H bridge chip U8 can adopt L298N, and opto-coupler chip U7 can adopt P521-4.

As shown in Figure 6, the workflow of pick-up unit comprises that knocking bar knocks fruit, the signal producing is collected by microphone, the time-domain signal obtaining after modulate circuit, trigger circuit and acquisition module is sent into DSP, by DSP plug-in, realizing FFT converts, after signal is transformed to frequency by time domain, extract the second resonant frequency, thereby fruit quality is predicted.

In the utility model controller circuitry, need four groups of independent DC power supplies, be respectively+5V ,-5V ,+3.3V and 10V ~ 30V, above-mentioned power supply can adopt switch/linear power supply chip (as LM7805, LM7905, the models such as LM2596-ADJ) realized, the dsp chip in controller circuitry can adopt TMS320VC5409.

Claims

1. a fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device, is characterized in that: comprise vertical slide bar (1), controller (2), wing nut and screw rod (3), crossbeam (4), mount pad (5), shaft coupling (6), stepper motor (7), fork sensor support (8), a pair of laser sensor (9), microphone (10), knock bar (11), fruit (12), pallet (13), base (14), stepper motor (7) is fixed on one end of crossbeam (4) with screw rod and wing nut (3) by mount pad (5), mount pad (5) upper end is connected with the shank of fork sensor support (8), two arms of fork sensor support (8) vertically downward, the power valve of laser sensor (9) is equipped with respectively in two arm ends, receiving tube, microphone (10) is housed on arbitrary arm of fork sensor support (8), knocking bar (11) is connected with stepper motor (7) axle head by shaft coupling (6), the other end of crossbeam (4) is fixed in the chute of vertical slide bar (1) upper end, vertical slide bar (1) lower end is fixed on base (14) frame, controller (2) is fixed on crossbeam (4), fruit (12) is placed on pallet (13), pallet (13) is placed on and knocks bar (11) below, the center of pallet (13) in base (14), knock bar (11) and fork sensor support (8) and be all positioned at the same sides of fruit (12), knocking the position that bar (11) knocks drops on the position, equator of fruit (12), and knocking bar (11) can move in two arms of fork sensor support (8).

2. a kind of fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described controller (2), comprises DSP, microphone, signal conditioning circuit, trigger circuit, acquisition module, driver module, button and LCD MODULE; The voice signal Vm that microphone is collected sends into through signal conditioning circuit, the signal Vc obtaining sends into trigger circuit and processes rear output signal Vin, Vin inputs DSP through acquisition module collection by synchronous serial bus, driver module, button and LCD MODULE are connected with DSP respectively, and driver module is connected with stepper motor.

3. a kind of fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described signal conditioning circuit, comprises the instrument amplifying circuit that amplifier U9 and potentiometer R15 form; The six rank Bezier low-pass filter circuits that formed by amplifier U10A, amplifier U10B, amplifier U11A and peripheral capacitance resistance; Signal Vc after voice signal Vm exports after amplifying circuit amplification, low-pass filter circuit filtering for instrument.

4. a kind of fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described trigger circuit, comprise the first comparer that amplifier U1A and potentiometer R13 form; The second comparer that amplifier U1B and potentiometer R14 form; Logic gates with door U2A and not gate U6A formation; The switch on and off circuit that resistance R 1, triode Q1, relay K 1 and diode D1 form; By laser sensor T1, d type flip flop U12A, form triggering enable circuits; Trigger the output signal Vt of enable circuits and the output of two comparers and be connected to logic gates, the output connecting valve on-off circuit of logic gates, a contact of the relay K 1 in signal Vc connecting valve on-off circuit, another contact output signal Vin of relay K 1.

5. a kind of fruit quality acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described driver module, comprises the adjustable DC power circuit that voltage-dropping type DC/DC switch chip U3, digital regulation resistance U5, two inputs or door U4A and peripheral components form; The buffer circuit that opto-coupler chip U7 forms; The driving circuit that H bridge chip U8 forms; Signal IN1, signal IN2, signal IN3 and signal IN4 input optocoupler from DSP, the output signal Vdri of the output of opto-coupler chip U7 and adjustable DC power circuit is connected to driving circuit, output signal OUT1～the OUT4 of driving circuit is connected with stepper motor, from the signal PU of DSP and signal PD with or a door U4A be connected, or the 4th pin ASE that the output terminal of door U4A connects digital regulation resistance U5 holds.