CN202975600U - Measuring device of partially coherent vortex light beams - Google Patents
Measuring device of partially coherent vortex light beams Download PDFInfo
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- CN202975600U CN202975600U CN 201220626505 CN201220626505U CN202975600U CN 202975600 U CN202975600 U CN 202975600U CN 201220626505 CN201220626505 CN 201220626505 CN 201220626505 U CN201220626505 U CN 201220626505U CN 202975600 U CN202975600 U CN 202975600U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of measuring devices of partially coherent vortex beams. Laser beam, which passes sequentially through, focuses convex lens, rotating ground glass piece, collimation convex lens and G amplitude filter plate, and the reflected light obtained through spectroscope carries out Spatial transmission after reaching spatial light modulator, generates partially coherent vortex beams in reflection; The tested imaged convex lens of light beam, then transmitted light beam and the reflected beams are divided by spectroscope, the scanning fibre-optical probe of two single photon counters is respectively placed in the center of transmitted light beam and the reflected beams; It is measured through point by point scanning, records the correlation function value of two-beam on each measurement position point
, the quadravalence correlation function of foundation partially coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beam
With multiple from degree of coherence
Relationship, obtain measurement result. The utility model provides a kind of new method for measuring partially coherent vortex beams, and the measuring device optical path of use simply easily realizes that measurement method is easy, convenient data processing, as a result reliably.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of generation and measurement mechanism of partial coherence vortex beams, belongs to partial coherence optics fields of measurement.
Background technology
When light beam contains relevant to angle position and distributes mutually (torsiversion phase or spiral position phase), this type of light beam has and the angle position relevant angular momentum that distributes mutually, is called orbital angular momentum.Vortex beams (as Laguerre-Gaussian beam) is with phase factor
, each photon carries
Orbital angular momentum (wherein
lTopological charge number for vortex beams).Vortex beams has the characteristic of orbital angular momentum, makes vortex beams capture at optics, micro-controlling, and there is very large application prospect the aspects such as information coding and free space optical communication, have caused people's extensive concern.The production method of vortex beams has a variety of, produces vortex beams such as methods such as can adopting spiral position photo, computer-generated hologram and spatial light modulator.The practical application of vortex beams is usually relevant with its topological charge number, therefore, is a very important job for the measurement of vortex beams topological charge number.
Measurement for vortex beams topological charge number, usually the method that adopts mainly contains two kinds, a kind of is interferometric method, mainly comprises Mach-Zehnder interferometer, two-slit interference and spininess hole interferometric method and utilizes the diffraction optical elements such as triangle aperture, annular aperture and grating to realize the measurement of topological charge number.Document (S. Prabhakar, A. Kumar, J. Banerji, and R. P. Singh, " Revealing the order of a vortex through its intensity record, " Opt. Lett. 36,4398 (2011)) method that is used for measuring the topological charge number that proposes in, namely vortex beams is carried out Fourier transform in the light intensity at focus place and obtain its spatial frequency spectrum, the Crape ring number on graph of spatial frequency spectrum just equals the topological charge number of vortex beams.But these methods are all the measurements for the topological charge number of complete coherence vortex light beam, and vortex beams is not concerned with in actual applications entirely fully, and the vortex beams of partial coherence has its unique advantage at aspects such as Laser Processing, light tweezer, free space optical communication, has obtained paying close attention to more widely and studying in recent years.
Document (F. Wang, Y. Cai, and O. Korotkova, " Partially coherent standard and elegant Laguerre-Gaussian beams of all orders; " Opt. Express 17,22366 (2009)) the partial coherence light beam is characterized with cross spectrum density usually.In the cylindrical coordinates space, the cross spectrum density of partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam can be expressed as by formula (1)
Wherein,
With
Respectively radial coordinate and angle coordinate,
lThe topological charge number,
The expression lateral coherence length,
Expression basement membrane Gaussian beam (
) waist width.In free space, the partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam can be studied by Collins (Collins) formula by the propagation of paraxial ABCD optical system, referring to formula (2):
Wherein,
With
Respectively radial coordinate and the angle coordinate at exit facet,
A,
B,
C,
DRespectively the diagonal entry of transformation matrix,
Wavelength,
It is wave number.Utilize formula (1) and (2), can obtain the parsing propagation formula of partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam.The light distribution that obtains at exit facet
Beam intensity
Fourier transform be shown in formula (3):
Wherein,
With
Respectively radial coordinate and the angle coordinate in the spatial frequency spectrum territory.To the Laguerre-Gaussian beam that focuses on, the expression formula (4) that can obtain its light intensity Fourier transform is as follows:
Computer software obtains vortex beams at the Fourier transform spectrogram of focus place light intensity.Crape ring number in spatial spectral distribution figure just equals the entrained topological charge number of vortex beams.
Can find from formula (4), for fully relevant (
) Laguerre-Gaussian beam, obtain formula (5):
Therefore
Value equal 0 number and just equal the topological charge number
l, therefore, can determine the topological charge number by the Fourier transform of light intensity
lAnd for the partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam, can find out from formula (4)
This can affect
Distribution, when
The time, it finally can become Dirac function.Therefore, when
When very little, be difficult to determine the topological charge number by the method for the light intensity of Laguerre-Gaussian beam being carried out Fourier transform
l
This shows, for the measurement of partial coherence vortex beams topological charge number, the method that the people such as Prabhakar propose is no longer applicable.For interferometric method, realize the measurement to vortex beams topological charge number, light beam must produce obvious interference fringe, this just requires vortex beams to have higher coherence, and the coherence of partial coherence vortex beams is lower, thereby interferometric method can't realize the measurement to partial coherence vortex beams topological charge number equally.Existing technological means all can not realize aspect the measurement of the topological charge number of low coherence's partial coherence vortex beams.
Summary of the invention
The utility model purpose is the deficiency that exists for prior art, provides a kind of light path to be simple and easy to realize, measuring method is simple, generation and the measurement mechanism of the partial coherence vortex beams of convenient data processing.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is to provide a kind of generation device of partial coherence vortex beams, by focusing on convex lens, rotation frosted glass plate, collimation convex lens and G amplitude filter plate, the reflected light that obtains through spectroscope arrives reflective slms to the laser beam that laser instrument sends successively; Described spatial light modulator is connected with computing machine, and computing machine is loaded into computer-generated holograms on spatial light modulator by software, produces vortex beams through reflection, by the adjustable circular hole diaphragm in aperture, obtains the partial coherence vortex beams; Spectroscope is divided into two-way with the partial coherence vortex beams that produces, and one road planoconvex lens is input to laser beam analyzer, and laser beam analyzer is placed in the focus place of convex lens, with the partial coherence vortex beams light distribution input information of the focusing that produces to computing machine; Another road is used for the measurement of partial coherence vortex beams.
Described focusing convex lens and rotation frosted glass plate consist of the degree of coherence regulator control system, by adjusting the distance between convex lens and rotation frosted glass plate, control the spot size on the rotation frosted glass plate, change the coherence of light beam.
A kind of measurement mechanism of partial coherence vortex beams, measured partial coherence vortex beams passes through imaging convex lens and spectroscope successively, the folded light beam that obtains and transmitted light beam arrive respectively two single photon counters, the scanning fibre-optical probe of single photon counter is placed on three-dimensional manual displacement platform, carry out coincidence counting in their output signal input coincide counter, its result is input to computing machine and carries out the data processing, obtains measurement result.
The scanning head of described single photon counter (15-1,15-2) is single-mode fiber.
Spectroscopical transmitance of the present invention and reflectivity are 50%.
Use the measurement mechanism that the utility model provides, its measuring method is: with tested light beam after the imaging convex lens, be divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by spectroscope again, the scanning fibre-optical probe of two single photon counters be placed in respectively the center of transmitted light beam and folded light beam; Fix the position of one of them single photon counter fibre-optical probe, regulate the fibre-optical probe position of another single photon counter, obtain respectively maximal value and the minimum value of two-beam correlation degree, the probe of mobile single photon counter scans between the position of corresponding single photon counter fibre-optical probe, records the correlation function value of two-beam on each measurement point
With light intensity value I, according to the quadravalence correlation function of partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam
With multiple from degree of coherence
Relation:
, wherein, z is the focal length of imaging convex lens, machine is processed as calculated, obtains multiple from degree of coherence
Image, obtained the topological charge number of tested light beam by multiple Crape ring number on the degree of coherence image, reach the purpose that the partial coherence vortex beams that produces is measured.
The measuring principle of the utility model foundation is as follows:
Answering from degree of coherence of partial coherence light beam
Be defined as formula (6)
For the partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam, 2 points on its focal plane
With
Multiple be expressed as by formula (7) from degree of coherence:
Wherein, formula (8)
Can find out from formula (9), even for complete noncoherent Laguerre-Gaussian beam, can determine its topological charge number from degree of coherence answering of focal plane by measuring it equally.
For Spatially coherent length is described
On based on the multiple impact of determining the topological charge number from degree of coherence, to multiple from degree of coherence
Introduce the log function
, purpose is in order more clearly to pick out 0.Utilize computing machine to draw
Profile diagram, the Crape ring number on profile diagram just equals the topological charge number
l
The quadravalence correlation function of partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam
With multiple from degree of coherence
Relation be expressed as by formula (10):
Technical solutions of the utility model are by the be concerned with quadravalence correlation function of Laguerre-Gaussian beam of measure portion, utilize formula (10), obtain the multiple from degree of coherence of it.
Due to the application of technique scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are: the partial coherence vortex beams that adopts produces and the light path of measurement mechanism is simple and easy to realize; Measuring method is simple, convenient data processing.Using this device provides a kind of method of topological charge number of novel measure portion coherence vortex light beam.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of partial coherence vortex beams that the utility model embodiment provides produces and the structural representation of measurement mechanism.
Wherein: 1, laser instrument; 2,4,11 and 13, convex lens; 3, rotation frosted glass plate; 5, G amplitude filter plate; 6,10 and 14, spectroscope; 7, spatial light modulator; 8 and 17, computing machine; 9, circular hole diaphragm; 12, laser beam analyzer; 15-1 and 15-2, single photon counter; 16, coincide counter.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, a kind of partial coherence vortex beams that it provides for the present embodiment produces and the structural representation of measurement mechanism; It comprises the generation of partial coherence vortex beams and the measurement of topological charge number.
1, the generation device of partial coherence vortex beams, its structure comprises:
Laser instrument 1 is the adjustable diode pumped solid state laser of power, the laser beam of sending is successively by focusing on convex lens 2, rotation frosted glass plate 3, collimation convex lens 4 and G amplitude filter plate 5, through spectroscope 6, reflected light arrives the laggard line position of spatial light modulator 7 and modulates mutually, with reflection mode generating portion coherence vortex light beam.
In the generation device of the partial coherence vortex beams that the present embodiment provides, focus on convex lens 2 and rotation frosted glass plate 3 formation degree of coherence regulator control systems, spot size size on the rotation frosted glass plate affects light beam coherence size, thereby changes the coherence of light beam by the distance between change convex lens 2 and rotation frosted glass plate 3.
Collimation convex lens 4 and G amplitude filter plate 5 are used for the partial coherence light beam is collimated and the Intensity of Gaussian distribution shaping.Spatial light modulator 7 is connected with computing machine 8, computing machine 8 is loaded into computer-generated holograms on spatial light modulator 7 by software, laser beam incident after shaping is to the computer-generated holograms that loads, reflection produces vortex beams, through circular hole diaphragm 9, this aperture is adjustable, and intercepting+1 rank or-1 rank annulus namely obtain the partial coherence vortex beams.Spectroscope 10 is divided into two-way with the partial coherence vortex beams that produces, one road planoconvex lens 11 is input to laser beam analyzer 12, laser beam analyzer 12 is placed in convex lens 11 focus places, with the partial coherence vortex beams light distribution input information of the focusing that produces to computing machine 17; Another road is used for the measurement of topological charge number.
2, partial coherence vortex beams topological charge is counted measurement mechanism, and its structure comprises:
after another road partial coherence vortex beams process imaging convex lens 13 and spectroscope 14 with spectroscope 10 generations, folded light beam and transmitted light beam arrive respectively two single photon counter 15-1, 15-2, the scanning fibre-optical probe of single photon counter is placed on three-dimensional manual displacement platform, the signal of their output is delivered to and is carried out coincidence counting in coincide counter 16, coincide counter be measure the output of two-way single photon counter pulse signal meet number, namely be equivalent to related computing, its result is input to computing machine 17, corresponding software carries out data to be processed, obtain the light intensity degree of correlation of point-to-point transmission.
The conditions that imaging convex lens 13 need to satisfy be: the scanning fibre-optical probe of spatial light modulator 7 and single photon counter 15-1,15-2 is placed in respectively its two times of focal length places, like this hot spot on the optical fiber scanning face be exactly the magnification that becomes of light source (Laguerre-Gaussian beam) be 1 picture, its spot width is identical with light source with the lateral coherence length size.During measurement, fixing wherein one the tunnel, scan another road, and the quadravalence relating value of every bit in scanning process is recorded.
In the present embodiment, spectroscope 6,10 and 14 transmitance and reflectivity are 50%, guarantee that the light intensity of two-beam approaches.The scanning head of single photon counter 15-1,15-2 is single-mode fiber, and fiber-optic scanning head is placed on three-dimensional manual displacement platform, and displacement platform adjusting knob minimum division value is 0.01mm.
3, the measuring method of topological charge number, with tested light beam after imaging convex lens 13, be divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by spectroscope 10 again, the scanning fibre-optical probe of two single photon counter 15-1,15-2 be placed in respectively the center of transmitted light beam and folded light beam; Fix the position of one of them single photon counter fibre-optical probe, regulate the fibre-optical probe position of another single photon counter, obtain respectively maximal value and the minimum value of two-beam correlation degree, the probe of mobile single photon counter scans between the position of corresponding single photon counter fibre-optical probe, records the correlation function value of two-beam on each measurement point
With light intensity value I, according to the quadravalence correlation function of partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam
With multiple from degree of coherence
Relation:
, wherein, z is the focal length of imaging convex lens 13, machine is processed as calculated, obtains multiple from degree of coherence
Image, obtained the topological charge number of tested light beam by multiple Crape ring number on the degree of coherence image.
Specifically comprise following operation:
(1) regulate three-dimensional manual displacement platform, make the scanning fibre-optical probe of two single photon counter 15-1,15-2 lay respectively at the center of transmitted light beam and folded light beam;
(2) keep the fibre-optical probe position of one of them single photon counter 15-1 constant all the time, utilize three-dimensional manual displacement platform, fibre-optical probe to another single photon counter 15-2 carries out height (being Y-direction) adjusting, the light beam that makes two single photon counters detect is maximum at the correlation degree of vertical direction (Y-direction), the correlation function curve location that is shown as this place on computing machine 17 softwares reaches the highest, writes down the registration Y of the height adjusting knob of this displacement platform
max
(3) again the fibre-optical probe of single photon counter 15-2 being carried out left and right (being directions X) regulates, the correlation degree of (directions X) is maximum in the horizontal direction to make equally light beam that two single photon counters detect, the correlation function curve location that is shown as this place on computing machine 17 softwares reaches the highest, writes down the registration X of the horizontal adjustment knob of this displacement platform
max
(4) keeping the height of fibre-optical probe of single photon counter 15-2, constant (namely just the registration of adjusting knob is Y
max), regulate horizontal adjustment knob, when making the probe of detector 15-2 arrive a certain position, the correlation degree of the light beam that two detector probes detect is minimum, the correlation function curve location that is shown as this place on computing machine 17 softwares reaches minimum, after this height of curve is almost constant, writes down the registration X of horizontal adjustment knob
Min1In the other direction regulate horizontal adjustment knob, when making equally the probe of detector 15-2 arrive a certain position, the correlation degree of the light beam that two detector probes detect is minimum, writes down the registration X of horizontal adjustment knob
Min2
(5) with X
Min1And X
Min2As starting point and terminal point coordinate, according to X
Min1And X
Min2Determine measurement point X twice
nAnd X
n+1The displacement interval, measuring the interval twice during beginning can be suitably larger, when correlation function curve ascendant trend is accelerated, suitably reduces the interval of twice measurement.Regulate horizontal adjustment knob, record respectively measuring position coordinate X
1, X
2, X
3... with correlation function value corresponding to they difference
, the correlation function value
Signal by 16 couples of two single photon counter 15-1 of coincide counter and 15-2 output carries out coincidence counting, and delivers to the corresponding software of computing machine 17 and carry out the data processing, the light intensity of two measurement points when simultaneous computer software will record each the measurement:
, wherein f is the focal length of imaging convex lens 13.
Utilize the quadravalence correlation function
With multiple from degree of coherence
Between relational expression formula (10), the quadravalence correlation function of partial coherence Laguerre-Gaussian beam
With multiple from degree of coherence
Relation table be shown:
Claims (3)
1. the measurement mechanism of a partial coherence vortex beams, it is characterized in that: measured partial coherence vortex beams passes through imaging convex lens (13) and spectroscope (14) successively, the folded light beam that obtains and transmitted light beam arrive respectively two single photon counters (15-1,15-2), the scanning fibre-optical probe of single photon counter is placed on three-dimensional manual displacement platform, carry out coincidence counting in their output signal input coincide counter (16), its result is input to computing machine (17) and carries out the data processing, obtains measurement result.
2. the measurement mechanism of a kind of partial coherence vortex beams according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described spectroscopical transmitance and reflectivity are 50%.
3. the measurement mechanism of a kind of partial coherence vortex beams according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the scanning head of described single photon counter (15-1,15-2) is single-mode fiber.
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