Background technology
Non-colinear type acousto-optic tunable filter light-dividing principle as shown in Figure 1, the radio-frequency driven electric signal is converted into the ultrasonic signal of corresponding frequencies after by electroacoustics transducer 401, by forming diffraction grating 402 behind the single axial birefringence crystal, be absorbed device 403 at the other end and absorb.Behind the white light incident crystal, meet the wavelength components generation Bragg diffraction of acoustic optic interaction condition, and all the other wavelength components are constant.Because the birefringence effect of crystal, diffraction light is divided into two bundles, and promptly+1 grade and-1 order diffraction light, non-diffracted light is defined as 0 grade, and the relative position of emergent lights at different levels as shown in Figure 1.The optical wavelength that takes place to export behind the diffraction determined by ultrasonic frequency, and ultrasonic frequency and light wave number are linear relationship.It allows the angle, light aperture of incident to be generally 5~7 °, and the corresponding outgoing angle of departure (angle between diffraction light and the non-diffracted light) is generally 6~8 °.When application spectrophotometric spectra method was carried out composition detection, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) was high more, and accuracy of detection is high more.
For incident light, the angle, input aperture is big more, can utilize luminous energy many more, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high more, and for emergent light, diffraction light separates thorough more with non-diffracted light (parasitic light), and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high more.Angle, incident light aperture is big, and the phase strain of angle, emergent light aperture is big, and diffraction light and non-diffracted light lap are many more, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low more.Classic method is generally to sacrifice the efficiency of light energy utilization, promptly compresses the thorough separation that emergent light is realized at angle, incident light aperture (result of calculation<3 °), improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), but effect is unsatisfactory.As shown in Figure 2, even carry out the light channel structure design according to<3 ° input aperture angle, because crystal itself is to the variations in refractive index of different wavelengths of light, can take place inevitably+1 grade and-1 order diffraction light and 0 grade of light partially mixed, what dash area was represented among the figure is lap, if can not separate this two-beam well, will greatly influence the efficiency of light energy utilization and system signal noise ratio.Preceding method shows, relies on optical design merely, and it is very difficult wanting to utilize the locus method to make two-beam (diffraction light and non-diffracted light) obtain separating.Must utilize the characteristic difference of this two-beam itself or make this two-beam produce characteristic difference by other means, thus the influence of place to go non-diffracted light.
Summary of the invention
In order better to separate diffraction light and non-diffracted light, the better utilization luminous energy improves the beam splitting system signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), and the modulator approach that we propose to combine with photoelectricity removes 0 grade of influence of light, improves the method for acousto-optic tunable filter beam-splitting optical system signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
The present invention is achieved in that computing machine by D/A card and radio frequency card takes place and produces modulation signal and radio-frequency (RF) driving signal respectively, two signals in radio driver through mixing amplification in the acousto-optic tunable filter crystal, produce light intensity modulated+1 grade of (or-1 grade) diffraction light, and that the light intensity of 0 grade of light still keeps is stable; Photoelectric detector receives and is converted into electric signal output with 1 grade of light and the 0 grade of light equality that is blended in wherein, signal processing circuit is by after handling every straight, narrow-band filtering and amplification etc., extract 1 grade of corresponding electric signal of light of modulated single wavelength, after after FFT handles, being reduced to the voltage signal that light intensity is directly proportional, carrying out spectral scan and detect.
Described photoelectric detector uses measuring light and reference light double light path Compensation Design; Double light path is in order to eliminate the error that fluctuates and cause of light source itself.The AOTF radio-frequency (RF) driving signal is carried out low frequency modulations, and the diffraction intensity of AOTF output is modulated, and uses electrical method to carry out demodulation then, thereby improves acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) beam-splitting optical system signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
To AOTF, the AOTF optical splitter forms diffraction grating to the light that light source sends under the drive signal effect after collimation lens is assembled, and the light of injecting is carried out single wavelength choose the realization beam split, through collector lens single wavelength light is assembled the back again and introduces in the receiving system; By radio frequency Synthesis Card and the AOTF driver of adorning in the computing machine, produce the radio-frequency (RF) driving signal and the modulation signal of ultrasonic frequency scope, realize that by changing ultrasonic frequency wavelength chooses, reach spectrophotometric result, additional modulation signal can mix the back with radiofrequency signal and form the ultrasonic signal that the amplitude cycle changes, the drive signal of amplitude cycle variation is provided to AOTF, make+1 and the light intensity of-1 order diffraction light become the AC signal that the cycle changes, and the light intensity of 0 grade of light remains unchanged, and still is direct current signal; Electric signal after the photelectric receiver conversion is carried out filtering, only will change electric signal with the cycle of modulation signal respective frequencies and extract, and the dc signal that elimination is come by 0 grade of light conversion, thereby the very spectroscopic signal of high s/n ratio obtained; Parasitic light is blocked major part by light barrier, and remainder is by the subsequent conditioning circuit filtering; Measuring light and reference light are through photodetector, through finishing data acquisition through the computer system of interior dress A/D and D/A card again after the signal processing circuit processing.
Signal processing circuit of the present invention mainly comprises common block isolating circuit, is the amplifying circuit of core parts with OPA111A, the narrow bandpass filtering circuit of 1kHz.
For acousto-optic tunable filter, we can reach the effect of modulation diffraction light light intensity by the power of periodically-varied drive signal.Utilize this characteristic,, its diffraction intensity generating period is sexually revised, realize the diffraction light intensity modulation, use electrical method to carry out demodulation then by radio-frequency (RF) driving signal is carried out amplitude modulation(PAM).
Card takes place by D/A card and radio frequency and produces modulation signal and radio-frequency (RF) driving signal respectively in computing machine, two signals in radio driver through mixing amplification in the acousto-optic tunable filter crystal, produce light intensity modulated+1 grade of (or-1 grade) diffraction light, and that the light intensity of 0 grade of light still keeps is stable.The modulation period of light intensity is by the decision of as shown in Figure 4 frequency of modulated wave (1KHz).Using measuring light and reference light double light path is in order to eliminate the error that fluctuates and cause of light source itself, i.e. double light path Compensation Design.Photoelectric detector receives and is converted into electric signal output with 1 grade of light and the 0 grade of light equality that is blended in wherein, signal processing circuit is by after handling every straight, narrow-band filtering and amplification etc., extract single wavelength fixed cycle and 1 grade of corresponding electric signal of light, after after FFT handles, being reduced to the voltage signal that light intensity is directly proportional, carrying out spectral scan and detect.
Determined the centre wavelength of diffraction light by the carrier signal of radio frequency Synthesis Card output, and modulation signal has determined the intensity variations cycle.Output waveform after radio driver modulation as shown in Figure 4, this is the virtual condition that oscillograph shows, wherein, envelope is corresponding to the modulation wave frequency, its amplitude and depth of modulation are that the peak-to-peak value of modulating wave is proportional.Modulated diffraction light is converted to ac signal by photoelectric detector, through the influence every 0 grade of light of direct sum narrow-band filtering filtering and parasitic light, carries out demodulation on circuit.
The method according to this invention, design a kind of device that improves acousto-optic tunable filter beam-splitting optical system signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), this device is by light source, collimation lens, acousto-optic tunable filter, convergent lens, the acousto-optic tunable filter radio driver, light barrier, photodetector, signal processing circuit, computing machine is formed: light source is arranged on the collimation lens front, the collimation lens back is provided with acousto-optic tunable filter, the acousto-optic tunable filter back is provided with convergent lens, be provided with light barrier and photodetector in the convergent lens back, the photodetector back is connected with signal processing circuit and computer set, be provided with the A/D capture card in the computing machine, the D/A output card, the radio frequency Synthesis Card, the computing machine back is provided with radio driver, and radio driver is connected with acousto-optic tunable filter; Above-mentioned fore-and-aft direction is to determine according to the trend of light path.
Computer-internal is inserted with A/D capture card, D/A output card, radio frequency Synthesis Card, the A/D capture card is gathered the output signal of signal processing circuit, card takes place and produces modulation signal and radio-frequency (RF) driving signal respectively in D/A output card and radio frequency, and is input to radio driver; Acousto-optic tunable filter is under the drive signal effect of radio driver output, form diffraction grating, carry out single wavelength and choose the realization beam split, the radio-frequency (RF) driving signal of the ultrasonic frequency scope of radio frequency Synthesis Card output in the radio driver receiving computer, the size of this ultrasonic frequency corresponding choose the size of wavelength, the radio driver while is the modulation signal of the interior D/A output card output of receiving computer also, this modulation signal can mix the back with the ultrasound wave radiofrequency signal and form the ultrasonic signal that the amplitude cycle changes, the drive signal of amplitude cycle variation is provided to acousto-optic tunable filter, make+1 and the light intensity of-1 order diffraction light become the AC signal that the cycle changes, and the light intensity of 0 grade of light remains unchanged, and still is direct current signal; Through collimation lens the light that light source sent is assembled, after the beam split of acousto-optic tunable filter optical splitter, pass through convergent lens again, most of afterwards 0 grade of light is shielded by light barrier, + 1 or-1 order diffraction light is divided into two-way, be respectively: measuring light and reference light, received by photodetector after the scattering of measuring light process measured object, reference light is directly received by another photodetector, the signal of two photodetector outputs is handled through the signal processing circuit of oneself separately, is gathered by computer-internal A/D capture card then; Signal processing circuit is that the electric signal after the photodetector conversion is carried out filtering, only will change electric signal with the cycle of modulation signal respective frequencies and extract, and the dc signal that elimination is come by 0 grade of light conversion, thereby obtain the very spectroscopic signal of high s/n ratio; Parasitic light is blocked major part by light barrier, and remainder is by the subsequent conditioning circuit filtering.
What photodetector can adopt is the InGaSn near infrared detector.
AOTF light-dividing device of the present invention can be used for AOTF does not have the wound blood glucose measuring device.
Used wavelength is 800~2400nm in the AOTF light-dividing device.
Experimental result shows, Application Design based on the basic light path of acousto-optic tunable filter, the employing said method all can effectively improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system, improves the measuring accuracy of spectrophotometric spectra, and this method can be selected according to concrete application conditions in actual applications.We certainly the development no wound human blood glucose concentration pick-up unit in practical application this method, the branch optical wavelength range of this device is 800~2400nm, these two kinds of methods are proved to be the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that has improved whole measuring system effectively, and actual application value is especially more arranged in this Feebleness Light Signal Examining.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Photoelectricity is in conjunction with modulating system:
As shown in Figure 3, provide system by visible stable state white light source by light source 13 to near-infrared band, this light source is the halogen tungsten lamp that is driven by 12V constant current constant voltage direct supply, assemble through 2 pairs of light that light source sent of collimation lens, be about to the halogen tungsten lamp filament and be imaged on acousto-optic tunable filter 4 centers, to utilize luminous energy as much as possible; Acousto-optic tunable filter 4 forms diffraction grating under the drive signal effect, the light of injecting is carried out single wavelength choose the realization beam split.Pass through convergent lens 6 again, introduce respectively in the optical fiber receiving system of measuring light and reference light after single wavelength light is assembled, be used for spectrophotometric spectra and detect application.The acousto-optic tunable filter driver 8 that native system adopts: comprise that mainly signal takes place and power amplification two parts, produce the radio-frequency (RF) driving signal of ultrasonic frequency scope, realize that by changing ultrasonic frequency wavelength chooses, reach spectrophotometric result, under modulated applications, additional modulation signal mixes the back and forms the drive signal that the amplitude cycle changes with radiofrequency signal, as shown in Figure 4, with the diffraction intensity that produces after the crystal effect corresponding cyclical variation takes place also.Parasitic light process light barrier 9 by acousto-optic tunable filter driver 8, light barrier the effect here is that retaining falls the 0 grade of light of major part that separates fully with diffraction light, its purpose master is if it were not in order to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), but retaining falls parasitic light in order to avoid detecting device is saturated.Measuring light and reference light be through photoelectric detector 10, light intensity signal is converted to corresponding electric signal output so that acquisition process, and what native system adopted is the InGaSn near infrared detector.Signal processing circuit 11 mainly comprises common block isolating circuit, is the amplifying circuit of core parts with OPA111A, and the narrow bandpass filtering circuit of 1KHz etc. are to finish the amplification to measured signal, demodulation function such as filtering.The processing of process signal processing circuit 11 produces high-frequency signal and modulation signal after the computer system 12 of interior dress A/D capture card and D/A output card is finished data acquisition, and corresponding driving and data acquisition function.
Tested in the research under unmodulated situation, the amplitude characteristic of radio driver as shown in Figure 5.As seen, in 0~50% scope, be linear change substantially, and in 50~100% scopes, change very little.This curve is the static curve of acousto-optic tunable filter amplitude modulation(PAM), and it helps the quiescent point of selecting range modulation.
Experimental results show that:
(1) modulator approach of this photoelectricity combination not only can effectively be eliminated the influence of 0 grade of light and parasitic light, and the diffraction light after the acousto-optic tunable filter effect will directly be used to measure, and improve system signal noise ratio effectively.
(2) exchange bandwidth-limited circuit and have bigger reliability, can greatly reduce noise band simultaneously, reduce system noise, make system's antijamming capability stronger.
(3) can shorten light path, the simplified system one-piece construction reduces integrated cost.
(4) system signal noise ratio depends primarily on detecting device and circuit noise and irrelevant with the influence of 0 grade of light and other parasitic light, but the dynamic range that this method affect photoelectricity receives has improved the requirement to receiving device.