CN117289100A - Cable joint partial discharge signal detection method based on dynamic multiple notch method - Google Patents
Cable joint partial discharge signal detection method based on dynamic multiple notch method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/10—Pre-processing; Data cleansing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
- G06F2218/02—Preprocessing
- G06F2218/04—Denoising
Abstract
The invention discloses a cable joint partial discharge signal detection method based on a dynamic multiple notch method, which dynamically tracks the frequency band distribution condition of a space electromagnetic wave interference signal in real time through a bidirectional positioning detection antenna, adopts a multiple time-varying notch strategy to carry out quick zero setting filtering treatment from a frequency domain, and extracts a pulse signal generated by weak cable intermediate joint partial discharge so as to detect whether the cable intermediate joint is discharged or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable joint defect detection, in particular to a cable joint partial discharge signal detection method based on a dynamic multiple notch method.
Background
With the development of urban power grids, the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cable has become a main network for urban power grid line power transmission at present, and compared with the traditional overhead power transmission line, the power cable is laid below the ground, thereby being beneficial to the beauty of cities, saving the land utilization cost, being not easy to be influenced by external bad weather and being popularized and built on a large scale. Compared with the cable body, the cable intermediate head has a complex structure, the cable intermediate head is of a multilayer solid composite medium insulation structure, the requirements on the skill level and the operation environment of constructors are high in the field installation process, and any fine defects can form weak points in accessories to cause insulation breakdown, so that the reliability of power supply of a power system is seriously influenced, and even the operation of the whole power system is influenced.
The metal scraps, scratches or burrs caused during the manufacture of the cable intermediate connector can cause internal electric field distortion, cause early partial discharge of insulation breakage, and cause a series of physicochemical reactions in the cable connector along with the occurrence of partial discharge, so that the insulation degradation of the cable connector is further aggravated, and if the cable connector is not overhauled early, the insulation breakdown of the cable connector is finally caused.
Aiming at the detection of partial discharge in the cable joint, the existing method comprises the following steps: ultrasonic detection method, high-frequency pulse current detection method, capacitive coupling method, and ultrahigh frequency detection method. The ultrasonic method can better detect the partial discharge of the cable joint through air coupling as shown in CN112881869A, but if solid substances are blocked between the cable joint and the sensor, the ultrasonic signals are hardly attenuated sharply as shown in the buried cable terminal joint 1 and the cable intermediate joint 2 in FIG. 1; the high-frequency pulse current detection method belongs to contact detection as shown in CN101710166A, namely, the high-frequency pulse current leaked from a cable joint to the ground is detected on the ground wire through a clip-on sensor clip, but the ground wire cross interconnection site is very easy to be interfered, and the middle joint of the operated buried cable cannot be installed and detected; the capacitive coupling method also belongs to contact detection as shown in CN107402343A, CN209472115U, and requires that a sensor is preset inside a connector when a cable connector is manufactured, so that the detection cannot be performed on a large number of running buried cable intermediate connectors; the ultrahigh frequency detection method belongs to a non-contact detection method as shown in CN204257810U, CN205263241U, is firstly applied to partial discharge detection in the fully-closed gas-insulated switchgear, is used for detecting partial discharge in a metal cavity, and external space electromagnetic waves are isolated by the metal cavity, so that noise interference is basically avoided, and the ultrahigh frequency detection method has extremely high sensitivity, but if the ultrahigh frequency detection method is applied to partial discharge detection of a cable intermediate connector, the frequency of a space electromagnetic wave interference signal is quite high and randomly changed, the electromagnetic wave signal generated by partial discharge of the cable intermediate connector is quite weak, the transmission to the ground is quite weak, the interference signal intensity is quite far higher than that of the ultrahigh frequency signal generated by partial discharge, and the field detection effect is quite poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the existing detection method in the background art, the invention aims to provide a detection method for partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method, which adopts a multiple time-varying notch method to extract weak ultrahigh frequency discharge signals from randomly-changed space electromagnetic wave interference signals so as to accurately detect the partial discharge defects in the middle joint of the cable.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a cable joint partial discharge signal detection method based on a dynamic multiple notch method,
one receiving end of the bidirectional positioning detection antenna receives a space electromagnetic wave interference signal transmitted by a space, the space electromagnetic wave interference signal is not mixed with an electromagnetic pulse signal generated by partial discharge of a cable middle joint, the space electromagnetic wave interference signal is transmitted to a signal processing module, and the signal processing module is used for processing the space electromagnetic wave interference signal according to a formula IPerforming fast Fourier transform to convert the time domain signal of the received space electromagnetic wave interference signal into a first frequency spectrum signal, and the signal processing module performs a multiple notch strategy according to formula II>And determining a notch frequency band region in the first frequency spectrum signal, and when the frequency spectrum density Q of the interference signal is larger than a preset determined value, considering the frequency band region as the notch frequency band region to be filtered.
The other receiving end of the bidirectional positioning detection antenna receives a mixed electromagnetic wave signal, wherein the mixed electromagnetic wave signal comprises a space electromagnetic wave interference signal and a cable intermediate head officeThe electromagnetic pulse signal generated by partial discharge is transmitted to a signal processing module, and the signal processing module passes through a formula IAnd performing fast Fourier transform to convert the time domain waveform of the received mixed electromagnetic wave signal into a second frequency spectrum signal, then performing multiple filtering on the second frequency spectrum signal according to the notch frequency band region to be filtered obtained in the step S1 by the signal processing module, and zeroing the frequency band to be filtered in the second frequency spectrum signal to obtain a third frequency spectrum signal with the space electromagnetic wave interference signal filtered.
The signal processing module passes through a formula III for the spectrum signal of the third numberAnd performing inverse fast Fourier transform to convert the third frequency spectrum signal into a time domain signal.
And observing whether a pulse signal is received by a pulse signal judging module in the signal processing module, and accurately detecting whether partial discharge exists in the cable intermediate joint according to whether the pulse signal is received by the pulse signal judging module.
Equation one:；
wherein,for spectral sequence values, +.>For time-domain sample sequence values, < > is->To calculate the total length of the sequence, n is the time domain variable value, k is the frequency domain variable value, e is the index, and j is the imaginary part of the complex number.
Formula II:；
wherein step is oneThe fixed bandwidth, i.e. the difference between the frequency point n2 and the frequency point n1, Q is the spectrum density of the interference signal in the fixed bandwidth step,for spectral sequence values, k is a frequency domain variable value.
And (3) a formula III:；
wherein,for time-domain sample sequence values, < > is->For spectral sequence values, +.>To calculate the total length of the sequence, n is the time domain variable value, k is the frequency domain variable value, e is the index, and j is the imaginary part of the complex number.
Preferably, the bidirectional positioning detection antenna comprises a first built-in directional antenna arranged upwards and a second built-in directional antenna arranged downwards, wherein the first built-in directional antenna is arranged upwards by about 90 degrees, the second built-in directional antenna is arranged downwards by about 90 degrees, the first built-in directional antenna is far away from the cable to receive the space electromagnetic wave interference signal, and the space electromagnetic wave interference signal received by the first built-in directional antenna is not mixed with an electromagnetic pulse signal generated by partial discharge of a cable middle joint; the second built-in directional antenna is close to the cable arrow to receive mixed electromagnetic wave signals, and the mixed electromagnetic wave signals comprise space electromagnetic wave interference signals and electromagnetic pulse signals generated when the cable middle joint is partially discharged.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the ultrasonic detection method, the high-frequency pulse current detection method and the capacitive coupling method, the method can detect the insulation state of a large number of running buried cable intermediate joints, can detect in a non-contact manner under the condition of solid substance isolation without presetting, and has strong applicability.
The invention is a filtering frequency band formulated according to the frequency spectrum of the current time space electromagnetic wave interference signal, and filters all the interference frequency bands, and can dynamically adjust the filtering frequency band in real time, thus being capable of accurately extracting the partial discharge pulse signal.
The multiple time-varying notch method of the invention directly carries out zero setting treatment on each interference frequency band on the frequency domain after fast Fourier transformation, has very high treatment speed, can quickly and completely clear each interference frequency band, and can restore weak partial discharge pulse signals in a strong noise environment.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a time domain waveform diagram of two electromagnetic wave signals received by the signal processing module from the two-way positioning detection antenna;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a spectrum signal into which the time domain signal 11 in fig. 3 is subjected to a fast fourier transform;
fig. 5 is a diagram of a spectral signal that the time domain signal 12 of fig. 3 has undergone a fast fourier transform;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the spectrum signal of FIG. 5 after multiple filtering by the multiple notch strategy;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of the time domain of the spectrum signal of fig. 6 after inverse fast fourier transform.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
When the cable intermediate joint 2 is subjected to partial discharge detection, the frequencies of the space electromagnetic wave interference signals (7, 8 and 9) are quite large and randomly changed, so that the electromagnetic pulse signals 10 generated during the partial discharge of the cable intermediate joint 2 are quite weak, the transmission to the ground is quite weak, the intensity of the space electromagnetic wave interference signals (7, 8 and 9) is quite far higher than that of the electromagnetic pulse signals 10 generated during the partial discharge, and the field detection effect is quite poor.
In order to solve the above problems, please refer to fig. 1-7, the present invention provides a method for detecting partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method, which dynamically tracks the frequency band distribution of spatial electromagnetic wave interference signals (7, 8, 9) in real time through a bidirectional positioning detection antenna 3, adopts a multiple time-varying notch strategy to perform fast zero-setting filtering processing from the frequency domain, and extracts pulse signals 10 generated by partial discharge of a weak cable intermediate joint 2 from the spatial electromagnetic wave interference signals (7, 8, 9), thereby detecting whether the cable intermediate joint 2 has partial discharge.
It should be noted that, the bidirectional positioning detecting antenna 3 used in the detection process includes a first built-in directional antenna 4 disposed upwards and a second built-in directional antenna 5 disposed downwards, where the first built-in directional antenna 4 is disposed around 90 ° upwards, the second built-in directional antenna 5 is disposed around 90 ° downwards, the first built-in directional antenna 4 is far away from the cable receiving space electromagnetic wave interference signal 7, so that the space electromagnetic wave interference signal 7 received by the first built-in directional antenna 4 is ensured not to be mixed with the electromagnetic pulse signal 10 generated by partial discharge of the cable middle joint 2; the second built-in directional antenna 5 receives a mixed electromagnetic wave signal close to the cable intermediate head 2, the mixed electromagnetic wave signal comprising a spatial electromagnetic wave interference signal (8, 9) and an electromagnetic pulse signal 10 generated when the cable intermediate head 2 is partially discharged.
The bidirectional positioning detection antenna 3 with the structural design can dynamically detect two paths of signals in real time: one is a space electromagnetic wave interference signal 7, the other is a space electromagnetic wave interference signal (8, 9) containing electromagnetic pulse signals 10 generated by partial discharge of the cable intermediate joint 2 at the same time, and preparation is made for the subsequent extraction of the electromagnetic pulse signals 10 generated by partial discharge of the cable intermediate joint 2 through multiple time-varying notch processing.
In the detection, as shown in fig. 1, the first built-in directional antenna 4 receives a spatial electromagnetic wave interference signal 7, and the second built-in directional antenna 5 receives a mixed electromagnetic wave signal comprising spatial electromagnetic wave interference signals (8, 9) and an electromagnetic pulse signal 10; as shown in fig. 2, the signal processing module 6 receives two paths of electromagnetic wave signals from the bidirectional positioning detecting antenna 3, as shown in fig. 3, the time domain waveform 11 received from the built-in directional antenna 4 and the time domain waveform 12 received from the built-in directional antenna 5 are difficult to distinguish in time domain, because the electromagnetic pulse signal 10 generated when the cable middle connector 2 is partially discharged is very weak and is completely submerged in the space electromagnetic wave interference signals (8 and 9), so that the signal processing module 6 is required to extract the weak electromagnetic pulse signal 10 from the space electromagnetic wave interference signals (8 and 9) which change in real time, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
in the first step, as shown in fig. 2, the signal processing module 6 performs fast fourier transform 13 (FFT) on the spatial electromagnetic interference signal 7 received by the built-in directional antenna 4 through formula 1 to obtain a first spectrum signal 19 of the spatial electromagnetic interference signal 7, as shown in fig. 4, the first spectrum signal 19 is distributed in different frequency bands, the intensities are different, and the frequency band of the interference signal can change at any time.
Equation 1:
；
wherein:for spectral sequence values, +.>For time-domain sample sequence values, < > is->To calculate the total length of the sequence, n is the time domain variable value, k is the frequency domain variable value, e is the index, and j is the imaginary part of the complex number.
The second step is to determine the notch band region 20 to be filtered out in the first frequency spectrum signal 19 (a, b, c, d, e) by the multiple notch strategy 14 according to equation 2.
Equation 2:
；
wherein: step is a certain bandwidth, i.e. the difference between the frequency point n2 and the frequency point n1, Q is the spectrum density of the interference signal in the step with a certain bandwidth,for the spectrum sequence value, k is a frequency domain variable value, and when the spectrum density Q of the interference signal is greater than a preset determined value, the frequency band region is considered as the notch frequency band region 20 to be filtered.
The multiple notch frequency bands which change in real time are calculated according to the space electromagnetic wave interference signals 7 detected by the built-in directional antenna 4, so that each notch frequency band area 20 which is required to be filtered and obtained through the multiple notch strategy changes dynamically according to the time of the space electromagnetic wave interference signals 7, and the space electromagnetic wave interference signals 7 which change in real time on site can be accurately filtered.
And thirdly, the signal processing module 6 performs Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the mixed electromagnetic wave signal received by the built-in directional antenna 5 through a formula 1 to obtain a second spectrum signal diagram shown in fig. 5, wherein the second spectrum signal comprises a first spectrum signal 19 of a space electromagnetic wave interference signal (8 and 9) and a spectrum signal 21 of an electromagnetic pulse signal 10 generated when the cable intermediate head 2 is partially discharged.
Fourth, the second spectrum signal of fig. 5 is subjected to multiple filtering according to the notch frequency band region 20 (a, b, c, d, e) to be filtered obtained by the multiple notch strategy 14 in the second step, the frequency band to be filtered is directly zeroed, and the third spectrum signal diagram of fig. 6 can be obtained, in fig. 6, the first spectrum signal 19 of the spatial electromagnetic wave interference signals (8 and 9) is filtered, and meanwhile, the local part of the spectrum signal 21 is filtered to form a new spectrum signal 22, and as the electromagnetic pulse signal 10 is an ultra wideband spectrum signal, although some frequency bands are filtered, some components of the signal are missing, but the main contour of the electromagnetic pulse signal 10 is not affected.
In the fifth step, the spectrum signal 22 after the multiple notch processing shown in fig. 6 is subjected to inverse fast fourier transform 17 (IFFT) according to formula 3, so that the spectrum signal 22 is transformed into a time domain signal 24, and as shown in fig. 7, the time domain signal 24 is the electromagnetic pulse signal 10 extracted after the multiple notch processing, and the overall contour can still be clearly identified as the electromagnetic pulse signal 10 although the characteristic quantities such as amplitude and slope are changed compared with the time domain signal 23 obtained by the original electromagnetic pulse signal 10.
Equation 3:
；
wherein:for time-domain sample sequence values, < > is->For spectral sequence values, +.>To calculate the total length of the sequence, n is the time domain variable value, k is the frequency domain variable value, e is the index, and j is the imaginary part of the complex number.
Sixth step: observing whether the pulse signal discriminating module 18 in the signal processing module receives the pulse signal or not, and accurately detecting whether the cable intermediate joint has partial discharge or not according to whether the pulse signal discriminating module receives the pulse signal or not, when detecting, if the pulse signal discriminating module 18 receives the extracted electromagnetic pulse signal 10 after the fifth step, the detected cable intermediate joint 2 is indicated to have partial discharge, and if the electromagnetic pulse signal 10 is not received, the detected cable intermediate joint 2 is indicated to have no partial discharge.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cable joint partial discharge signal detection method based on the dynamic multiple notch method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, a receiving end of a bidirectional positioning detection antenna receives a space electromagnetic wave interference signal transmitted by a space, the space electromagnetic wave interference signal is not mixed with an electromagnetic pulse signal generated by partial discharge of a cable middle joint, the space electromagnetic wave interference signal is transmitted to a signal processing module, the signal processing module converts a time domain signal of the received space electromagnetic wave interference signal into a first frequency spectrum signal through fast Fourier transform, and the signal processing module determines a notch frequency band region in the first frequency spectrum signal through a multiple notch strategy so as to determine a frequency band region to be filtered;
s2, the other receiving end of the bidirectional positioning detection antenna receives a mixed electromagnetic wave signal, the mixed electromagnetic wave signal comprises a space electromagnetic wave interference signal and an electromagnetic pulse signal generated by partial discharge of a cable middle joint, the mixed electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to a signal processing module, the signal processing module converts the time domain waveform of the received mixed electromagnetic wave signal into a second frequency spectrum signal through fast Fourier transform, and then the signal processing module carries out multiple filtering on the second frequency spectrum signal according to a notch frequency band region needing to be filtered, and zeroes a frequency band needing to be filtered in the second frequency spectrum signal to obtain a third frequency spectrum signal with the space electromagnetic wave interference signal filtered;
s3, the signal processing module performs inverse fast Fourier transform on the third frequency spectrum signal and transforms the third frequency spectrum signal into a time domain signal;
and S4, observing whether a pulse signal is received by a pulse signal judging module in the signal processing module, and accurately detecting whether partial discharge exists in the cable intermediate joint according to whether the pulse signal is received by the pulse signal judging module.
2. The method for detecting partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in steps S1 and S2, a fast fourier transform is performed by the following formula:
；
wherein,for spectral sequence values, +.>For time-domain sample sequence values, < > is->To calculate the total length of the sequence, n is the time domain variable value, k is the frequency domain variable value, e is the index, and j is the imaginary part of the complex number.
3. The method for detecting partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, a multiple notch strategy calculation is performed by the following formula:
；
wherein step is a certain bandwidth, namely the difference between the frequency point n2 and the frequency point n1, Q is the spectrum density of the interference signal in the step with a certain bandwidth,for spectral sequence values, k is a frequency domain variable value.
4. The method for detecting partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, when the interference signal spectral density Q is greater than the preset determined value, the frequency band region in the second spectrum signal is considered to be the notch frequency band region to be filtered.
5. The method for detecting partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, an inverse fast fourier transform is performed by the following formula:
；
wherein,for time-domain sample sequence values, < > is->For spectral sequence values, +.>To calculate the total length of the sequence, n is the time domain variable value, k is the frequency domain variable value, e is the index, and j is the imaginary part of the complex number.
6. The method for detecting partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bidirectional positioning detection antenna comprises a first built-in directional antenna arranged upwards and a second built-in directional antenna arranged downwards, wherein the first built-in directional antenna is far away from a cable to receive space electromagnetic wave interference signals, and the space electromagnetic wave interference signals are not mixed with electromagnetic pulse signals generated by partial discharge of a cable middle joint; the second built-in directional antenna is close to the cable arrow to receive the mixed electromagnetic wave signals, and the mixed electromagnetic wave signals comprise space electromagnetic wave interference signals and electromagnetic pulse signals generated when the cable middle joint is partially discharged.
7. The method for detecting partial discharge signals of a cable joint based on a dynamic multiple notch method according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first built-in directional antenna is vertically arranged upwards by 90 degrees, and the second built-in directional antenna is vertically arranged downwards by 90 degrees.
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