CN1734272A - Online detector for partial discharge of gas-insulated substation and noise reduction method - Google Patents
Online detector for partial discharge of gas-insulated substation and noise reduction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1734272A CN1734272A CN 200510057243 CN200510057243A CN1734272A CN 1734272 A CN1734272 A CN 1734272A CN 200510057243 CN200510057243 CN 200510057243 CN 200510057243 A CN200510057243 A CN 200510057243A CN 1734272 A CN1734272 A CN 1734272A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device of detecting a part of gas insulation composite electrical equipment on-line, a silent method and a detecting technique of gas insulation composite electrical equipment, which comprises the following parts and steps: external mask resonance loop sensor, enlargement filter, high speed digital collector and computer; timing partial discharging signal collection, multi-wavelet silence, partial discharging judgment and alarm; adapting joint software anti-interference silence to detect partial GIS, which is characterized by strong anti-interference ability, broad detection band, sensibility and accuracy of detection. The invention is applied in gas insulating breaker, cable and transforming insulation detection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the insulation of electrical installation monitoring technical field, particularly gas insulated combined electrical equipment insulating monitoring technology.
Background technology
Gas insulated combined electrical equipment in the electrical equipment (GIS) is in operation, because the various defectives of GIS inside can cause various forms of shelf depreciations, as corona, impurity discharge, the discharge of epoxy supporting insulator internal air gap etc.The inner shelf depreciation of GIS continues for some time and can develop into Fault of Insulating Breakdown, causes power outage, influences the safe operation of electric system, causes damage to national economy.The shelf depreciation of the early stage insulation fault of GIS has the characteristic of ultrahigh frequency, and its equivalent frequency is very high, can reach 1GHz.Because GIS is good waveguiding structure, therefore the ultra-high frequency signal of shelf depreciation generation can be propagated therein, and by its insulator and ring flange junction to external leakage, so at the inner local discharge signal that detects local discharge signal or leak of GIS in its external detection, all can in time find the inherent vice of GIS, take appropriate measures, can avoid the generation of electrical equipment malfunction, guarantee the safe operation of electric system.
Having now does not have the external local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear pick-up unit that influences and be easy to rig-site utilization to equipment operation, as Chinese patent CN00237978.3 disclosed " antenna of GIS failure detector ", form by signal receiver, impedance transformer, shielded cable, it is characterized in that the belt body of being shaped as of signal receiver, be provided with slot in the middle of it, be connected to impedance transformer between shielded cable and the signal receiver, but it is narrower that it detects frequency band, sensitivity is not high, antijamming capability is relatively poor, and input is inaccurate.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is weak point, a kind of online detector for partial discharge of gas-insulated substation and denoising method are provided at existing external local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear detection.The present invention adopts software and hardware combined anti-interference denoising and local discharge signal is detected, have the ultrahigh frequency that can improve the GIS shelf depreciation and detect frequency band, choose effective band and detect, strengthen the antijamming capability of detection system, characteristics such as sensitivity that raising detects and accuracy.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of online detector for partial discharge of gas-insulated substation, comprise external shielding resonant ring sensor, amplifilter, high-speed figure collector and computing machine, be connected by concentric cable between external shielding resonant ring sensor and the amplifilter and between amplifilter and the high-speed figure collector, the high-speed figure collector is connected with computing machine by bus.The external shielding resonant ring sensor of apparatus of the present invention is made up of reception annulus, loaded impedance, feeder line, carrier base, it receives annulus and makes the opening annulus that radius is 100-180mm by metal tube, the external diameter of metal tube is 8-10mm, and thickness of pipe is 1-2mm, and the width of opened gap is 20-40mm; In receiving annulus, lean on two end distance open end 5-20mm places of opened gap, one loaded impedance is set respectively, one of them loaded impedance is the thick-walled metal ring, another one is the thin-wall metal ring, regulate the distance of loaded impedance, the working band of adjustable sensor and the size of output voltage with respect to open end; Being arranged on the feeder line that receives in the annulus is the concentric cable of peeling, the conductive core line of feeder line passes the hollow of thin-walled loaded impedance and fixedlys connected with the heavy wall loaded impedance by the opened gap that receives annulus, the outer gauze screen of feeder line is fixedlyed connected with the thin-walled loaded impedance, and the cable splice in the other end of feeder line passes and receives the annulus inner chamber and be arranged on the carrier base that receives on the outer wall of annulus lower end is fixedlyed connected.This shielding resonant ring sensor receives the GIS shelf depreciation and leaks at the electromagnetic wave signal that detects the scene, and electromagnetic wave is converted into higher-order of oscillation electric current, the high-frequency oscillation voltage that this higher-order of oscillation electric current produces on loaded impedance transfers to amplifilter by concentric cable.This shielding resonant ring sensor initialization frequency band is 340MHz~430MHz, by regulating loaded impedance, make the working band fine setting scope of sensor be-30~30MHz, and when the on-the-spot detection of GIS shelf depreciation, can choose and disturb minimum frequency band that local discharge signal is detected, thereby strengthened the antijamming capability of sensor, improved signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).The amplifilter of apparatus of the present invention is made up of amplifying circuit and filtering circuit, comprises low noise high-gain coupling integrated amplifier, by capacitor C
1With inductance L and resistance R
1Decoupling that constitutes and filtering circuit, to the capacitance C of input signal
2, connect the capacitor C of wave filter
3And the wave filter of microstrip line construction, the frequency range of its wave filter is the microwave frequency band of 300~500MHz.This amplifilter will be from shielding resonant ring sensor by concentric cable GIS local discharge signal input, very faint, detecting the field condition complexity and disturbing under the environment more, that interference strength is big, amplify and filtering, thereby further improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and sensitivity.The high-speed figure collector and the computing machine of apparatus of the present invention, be market and purchase part, the high-speed figure collector will be converted to digital signal by the voltage signal that concentric cable is conveyed into from amplifilter, computing machine is analyzed and is handled the digital signal of high-speed figure collector collection by bus, further remove noise component again by computer software, thereby further improve sensitivity and accuracy that apparatus of the present invention detect.
The denoising method of the online detection of a kind of local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear, this method are utilized high-speed figure collector and computing machine and connecting bus therebetween, carry out the software denoising by computer program, and its method step is as follows:
1) timing acquiring local discharge signal
At first by the shelf depreciation voltage signal of bus timing control high-speed figure collector collection behind amplifilter, the high-speed figure collector is converted to digital signal with voltage signal to computing machine, is sent to by bus and carries out data processing in the computing machine;
2) multiple small echo denoising
Multiple small echo denoising comprises multiple wavelet decomposition, threshold value generation, multiple wavelet coefficient processing, signal reconstruction and five steps of composite signal processing, and its each step is as follows:
(1) multiple wavelet decomposition
At first adopt multiple small echo that the local discharge signal of timing acquiring is decomposed in the different frequency bands, obtain the multiple wavelet coefficient of each frequency band, and this coefficient is sent to multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step;
(2) threshold value generates
Employing does not have thresholding algorithm or the minimax variance threshold values algorithm estimated partially based on this smooth (Stein) and generates threshold value, and this threshold value is sent to multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step;
(3) multiple wavelet coefficient is handled
The multiple wavelet coefficient of each frequency band that multiple wavelet decomposition step is obtained deducts threshold value and generates the threshold value that step generates, and obtains new multiple wavelet coefficient, is sent to the signal reconstruction step;
(4) signal reconstruction carries out multiple wavelet reconstruction to the new multiple wavelet coefficient that obtains through multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step again, and real part, imaginary part and the phase signal of the signal after the multiple small echo denoising conversion of generation are sent to the composite signal treatment step;
(5) composite signal is handled
At last, real part, imaginary part and the phase signal of the signal after the multiple small echo denoising conversion that the signal reconstruction step is sent, generate composite signal according to methods such as real part * imaginary part or real part * phase place or imaginary part * phase places, choose the best composite signal of denoising effect according to on-site experience, and this composite signal is sent to the shelf depreciation determining step;
3) shelf depreciation is judged
Shelf depreciation judges it is the best composite signal amplitude that generates according in the multiple small echo denoising step, noise signal amplitude with the no shelf depreciation at the detection scene measured in advance is a criterion, judge whether to take place shelf depreciation, and according to judged result: when shelf depreciation takes place, then judged result is sent to alarming step; When shelf depreciation not taking place, then carry out timing acquiring local discharge signal step next time;
4) report to the police
Alarming step receives the judged result that sends from the shelf depreciation determining step, carries out image and sound and light alarm, and its sound and light alarm is that alarm bell sound and alarm window are bright, and its image is that computer screen shows.
Because the phase-frequency characteristic of multiple small echo, not only can change the concentration of energy degree of wavelet transformed domain, also has the ability that has the signal of different characteristics in the signal of extracting, therefore can be by the real part of multiple wavelet transformation and the composite signal that imaginary part optimal combination forms be come local discharge signal is carried out the software denoising, can improve the sensitivity of Partial Discharge Detection of the present invention, accurately judge whether to take place shelf depreciation.
Major technique feature of the present invention is to adopt the anti-interference denoising of software and hardware combined mode that the GIS shelf depreciation is detected.The present invention has the reception frequency range of shielding resonant ring sensor and can onlinely adjust, and to avoid the online various undesired signals that may exist that detect the scene of GIS, antijamming capability is strong; Detect the frequency band broad, be about 100MHz, frequency range reaches 0.237 relatively, belongs to the broadband reception scope; The composite signal that employing forms the real part of multiple wavelet transformation and imaginary part optimal combination comes local discharge signal is carried out the software denoising, by software and hardware combined anti-interference denoising, has improved characteristics such as the sensitivity that detects and accuracy.The present invention can be widely used in the insulating monitoring of gas insulation breaker, GI cable and gas-insulated transformer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system construction drawing of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the shielding resonant ring sensor construction figure of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the heavy wall loaded impedance sectional view of the shielding resonant ring sensor of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the thin-walled loaded impedance sectional view of the shielding resonant ring sensor of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the fundamental diagram of the amplifilter of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the fundamental diagram of wave filter of the amplifilter of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the actual measurement standing-wave ratio (SWR) curve of the shielding resonant ring sensor of present embodiment;
Fig. 9 is the program flow diagram of the inventive method;
Figure 10 measures the local discharge signal oscillogram for present embodiment;
Figure 11 is the real part oscillogram after the multiple small echo denoising of present embodiment;
Figure 12 is the imaginary part oscillogram after the multiple small echo denoising of present embodiment;
Figure 13 is the real part * imaginary part oscillogram after the multiple small echo denoising of present embodiment.
Among the figure:
1 gas insulated combined electrical equipment (GIS), 2 buses
3 insulators, 4 leakage electromagnetic waves
5 shielding resonant ring sensors, 6,8 concentric cable
7 amplifilters, 9 high-speed figure collectors
10 buses, 11 computing machines
12 receive annulus 13 heavy wall loaded impedances
14 thin-walled loaded impedances, 15 feeder lines
16 carrier bases, 17 amplifiers
18 wave filters
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Shown in Fig. 1~8, a kind of online detector for partial discharge of gas-insulated substation comprises external shielding resonant ring sensor 5, amplifilter 7, high-speed figure collector 9 and computing machine 11.External shielding resonant ring sensor 5 is connected with amplifilter 7 by concentric cable 6, and amplifilter 7 is connected with high-speed figure collector 9 by concentric cable 8, and high-speed figure collector 9 is connected with computing machine 11 by bus 10.Its external shielding resonant ring sensor 5 is formed by receiving annulus 12, heavy wall loaded impedance 13 and thin-walled loaded impedance 14, feeder line 15 and carrier base 16.The reception annulus 12 of the shielding resonant ring sensor of present embodiment is the opening annulus of 125mm for radius made of copper, the external diameter of copper pipe is 10mm, thickness of pipe is 1.5mm, the width of opened gap is 30mm, its heavy wall loaded impedance 13 and thin-walled loaded impedance 14 are placed on respectively and receive the two end distance open end 10mm places of leaning on opened gap in the annulus 12, be arranged on the feeder line 15 that receives in the annulus 12 and be the concentric cable of peeling, the conductive core line of feeder line 15 passes the hollow of thin-walled loaded impedance 14 and opened gap and 13 welding of heavy wall loaded impedance by receiving annulus 12, the outer gauze screen of feeder line 15 and 14 welding of thin-walled loaded impedance, the other end of feeder line 15 are passed and are received annulus 12 inner chambers and the cable splice welding that is arranged in the carrier base 16 that receives on the annulus 12 lower end outer walls.To put insulator and flange connections that shielding resonant ring sensor 5 is installed in the GIS of transformer station during in-site measurement, apart from 3-5 rice, what guarantee the sensor reception is the far region radiation field of leakage electromagnetic wave, because external shielding resonant ring sensor 5 has tangible directivity, should make the axial plane of sensor vertical as far as possible, to improve the intensity of detection signal with arrival bearing.The working band of this external shielding resonant ring sensor 5 is 340MHz~430MHz, the standing-wave ratio (SWR) curve of actual measurement as shown in Figure 8, the standing-wave ratio (SWR) of sensor in working band is less than 2, the standing-wave ratio (SWR) curve is good " U " type, be that the loss of effective band self-energy is very little, and the decay of the signal outside the effective band is rapid, shows that interference rejection capability is very strong.Amplifilter 7 is made of amplifying circuit and filtering circuit, and amplifying circuit adopts ERA-3 low noise high-gain coupling integrated amplifier, and gaining is 20dB; Filtering circuit adopts microstrip line construction, and frequency range is the microwave frequency band of 300~500MHz.The high-speed figure collector 9 of present embodiment is the WavePro 7100 high-speed figure storage oscilloscopes of the LeCroy company of market purchasing, also can adopt the high-speed data acquisition card of sample frequency>500MHz, the common P4 computing machine of computing machine 11 for purchasing on the market.
After local discharge signal is through shielding resonant ring sensor 5 and amplifilter 7, still may have bigger noise component, therefore also need the digital signal that high-speed figure collector 9 is gathered is carried out the software denoising, its program flow diagram is as shown in Figure 9.The denoising method of the online detection of a kind of local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear, this method is utilized high-speed figure collector 9 and computing machine 11 and connecting bus 10 therebetween, carry out the software denoising by computer program, this method comprises timing acquiring local discharge signal, multiple small echo denoising, shelf depreciation judgement and the four big steps of reporting to the police, and its method step is as follows:
1) timing acquiring local discharge signal
The shelf depreciation voltage signal that computing machine 11 is at first gathered behind amplifilter 7 by bus 10 timing controlled high-speed figure collectors 9, the high-speed figure collector is converted to digital signal with voltage signal, is sent to by bus 10 and carries out data processing in the computing machine 11.
2) multiple small echo denoising
Multiple small echo denoising comprises multiple wavelet decomposition, threshold value generation, multiple wavelet coefficient processing, signal reconstruction and five steps of composite signal processing, and its each step is as follows:
(1) multiple wavelet decomposition
The multiple small echo of employing structure decomposes the local discharge signal of timing acquiring in the different frequency bands by yardstick 6, obtains the multiple wavelet coefficient of each frequency band.
The multiresolution analysis characteristic of small echo can be carried out signal the decomposition of multiresolution under different scale, and the mixed signal of the various different frequency components that will be interweaved resolves into the signal of different frequency range, thereby signal is had the ability of handling by frequency band.By the orthogonal wavelet structural environment as can be known: wave filter is only relevant with its amplitude versus frequency characte, and is irrelevant with its phase-frequency characteristic.Therefore, keep the amplitude versus frequency characte of wave filter, change its phase-frequency characteristic, just can obtain multiple small echo with existing real small echo identical characteristics.If orthogonal wavelet filter is
(
Fourier transform for h), wherein
With
Be dual filter, and have according to orthogonal filter character
If wave filter h (n) tightly props up wave filter for quadrature, its Fourier transform is
And make z=e
-j ω, then
Tightly propping up property and quadrature tightly prop up real small echo by the quadrature of real small echo
The characteristics that repeated root is arranged on unit circle,
Can be expressed as:
In the formula: p=0,1,2, λ
iFor being not equal to ± 1 real number; z
i, z
i *Be mutual position conjugate complex number.
With (z
i *z
-1) replacement (z-z
i), or with (z
iz
-1) replacement (z-z
i *) (comprise z
i=λ
i), kept
Amplitude versus frequency characte, change its phase-frequency characteristic,
Become the complex coefficient polynomial expression N time by N real coefficient polynomial expression, corresponding wavelet filter is multiple wavelet filter, obtain with
Has identical amplitude versus frequency characte, the multiple wavelet filter of different phase-frequency characteristics
Answer the phase-frequency characteristic of small echo, not only can change the concentration of energy degree of wavelet transformed domain, also have the ability that has the signal of different characteristics in the signal of extracting.
(2) threshold value generates
Adopt minimax variance threshold values algorithm to generate threshold value, and this threshold value is sent to multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step.
(3) multiple wavelet coefficient is handled
The multiple wavelet coefficient of each frequency band that multiple wavelet decomposition step is obtained deducts threshold value and generates the threshold value that step generates, and obtains new multiple wavelet coefficient.
(4) signal reconstruction
Again the new multiple wavelet coefficient that obtains through multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step is carried out multiple wavelet reconstruction, the real part and the imaginary part of the signal after the multiple small echo denoising conversion of generation.
(5) composite signal is handled
The real part and the imaginary signals of the signal after the multiple small echo denoising conversion that the signal reconstruction step is sent are chosen real part * imaginary part according to on-site experience and are constituted composite signal, and this composite signal is sent to the shelf depreciation determining step.
3) shelf depreciation is judged
Shelf depreciation judges it is the composite signal amplitude that generates according in the multiple small echo denoising step, noise signal amplitude with the no shelf depreciation at the detection scene measured in advance is a criterion, judge whether to take place shelf depreciation, and according to judged result: when shelf depreciation takes place, then judged result is sent to alarming step, when shelf depreciation not taking place, then carry out timing acquiring local discharge signal step next time.
4) report to the police
Alarming step receives the judged result that sends from the shelf depreciation determining step, carry out image and sound and light alarm, its sound and light alarm is that alarm bell sound and alarm window are bright, its image alarm is that computer screen shows, show that partial discharges fault has taken place detected GIS, remind the operator on duty in time to take appropriate measures, guarantee the safe operation of GIS.
The local discharge signal oscillogram that Figure 10 measures by high-speed figure collector 9 for present embodiment, as can be seen from this figure, signal collected signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is lower, by stronger noise pollution; Figure 11 is the solid part signal oscillogram of present embodiment after multiple small echo denoising, Figure 12 is the imaginary signals oscillogram of present embodiment after multiple small echo denoising, Figure 13 is the composite signal oscillogram of present embodiment real part * imaginary part structure, the multiple small echo that adopts from the visible the present invention of result can extract local discharge signal exactly, suppress various noise effectively, help accurately having judged whether that shelf depreciation takes place.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of online detector for partial discharge of gas-insulated substation, comprise amplifilter (7), high-speed figure collector (9) and computing machine (11), it is characterized in that shielding in addition resonant ring sensor (5), pass through concentric cable (6 between shielding resonant ring sensor (5) and the amplifilter (7) and between amplifilter (7) and the high-speed figure collector (9), 8) connect, high-speed figure collector (9) is connected with computing machine (11) by bus (10), shielding resonant ring sensor (5) is by receiving annulus (12), heavy wall loaded impedance (13) and thin-walled loaded impedance (14), feeder line (15) and carrier base (16) are formed, it receives annulus (12) and makes the opening annulus that radius is 100-180mm by metal tube, the external diameter of metal tube is 8-10mm, thickness of pipe is 1-2mm, the width of opened gap is 20-40mm, in receiving annulus (12), lean on two end distance open end 5-20mm places of opened gap, heavy wall loaded impedance (13) is set; thin-walled loaded impedance (14) respectively; be arranged on the feeder line (15) that receives in the annulus (12) and be the concentric cable of peeling; the conductive core line of feeder line (15) passes the hollow of thin-walled loaded impedance (14) and fixedlys connected with heavy wall loaded impedance (13) by the opened gap that receives annulus (12); the outer gauze screen of feeder line (15) is fixedlyed connected with thin-walled loaded impedance (14), the cable splice in the other end of feeder line (15) passes and receives annulus (12) inner chamber and be arranged on the carrier base (16) that receives on the outer wall of annulus (12) lower end is fixedlyed connected.
2, according to the described online detector for partial discharge of gas-insulated substation of claim 1, the reception annulus (12) that it is characterized in that described shielding resonant ring sensor (5) is the opening annulus of 125mm for radius made of copper, the external diameter of copper pipe is 10mm, thickness of pipe is 1.5mm, the width of opened gap is 30mm, its heavy wall loaded impedance (13) and thin-walled loaded impedance (14) are placed on respectively and receive the two end distance open end 10mm places of leaning on opened gap in the annulus (12), be arranged on the feeder line (15) that receives in the annulus (12) and be the concentric cable of peeling, the conductive core line of feeder line (15) passes the hollow of thin-walled loaded impedance (14) and opened gap and heavy wall loaded impedance (13) welding by receiving annulus (12), the outer gauze screen of feeder line (15) and thin-walled loaded impedance (14) welding, the other end of feeder line (15) are passed and are received annulus (12) inner chamber and the cable splice welding that is arranged in the carrier base (16) that receives on the outer wall of annulus (12) lower end.
3, the denoising method of the online detection of a kind of local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear is characterized in that its method step is as follows:
1) timing acquiring local discharge signal
Computing machine (11) is at first by the shelf depreciation voltage signal of bus (10) timing controlled high-speed figure collector (9) collection behind amplifilter (7), high-speed figure collector (9) is converted to digital signal with voltage signal, is sent in the computing machine (11) by bus (10) and carries out data processing;
2) multiple small echo denoising
Multiple small echo denoising comprises multiple wavelet decomposition, threshold value generation, multiple wavelet coefficient processing, signal reconstruction and five steps of composite signal processing, and its each step is as follows:
(1) multiple wavelet decomposition
At first adopt multiple small echo that the local discharge signal of timing acquiring is decomposed in the different frequency bands, obtain the multiple wavelet coefficient of each frequency band, and this coefficient is sent to multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step;
(2) threshold value generates
Thresholding algorithm or minimax variance threshold values algorithm that employing is estimated partially based on this smooth nothing generate threshold value, and this threshold value is sent to multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step;
(3) multiple wavelet coefficient is handled
The multiple wavelet coefficient of each frequency band that multiple wavelet decomposition step is obtained deducts threshold value and generates the threshold value that step generates, and obtains new multiple wavelet coefficient, is sent to the signal reconstruction step;
(4) signal reconstruction
Again the new multiple wavelet coefficient that obtains through multiple wavelet coefficient treatment step is carried out multiple wavelet reconstruction, real part, imaginary part and the phase signal of the signal after the multiple small echo denoising conversion of generation are sent to the composite signal treatment step;
(5) composite signal is handled
At last, real part, imaginary part and the phase signal of the signal after the multiple small echo denoising conversion that the signal reconstruction step is sent, generate composite signal according to real part * imaginary part or real part * phase place or imaginary part * phase method for position, and this composite signal is sent to the shelf depreciation determining step;
3) shelf depreciation is judged
Shelf depreciation judges it is the composite signal amplitude that generates according in the multiple small echo denoising step, noise signal amplitude with the no shelf depreciation at the detection scene measured in advance is a criterion, judge whether to take place shelf depreciation, and according to judged result: when shelf depreciation takes place, then judged result is sent to alarming step; When shelf depreciation not taking place, then carry out timing acquiring local discharge signal step next time;
4) report to the police
Alarming step receives the judged result that sends from the shelf depreciation determining step, carries out image and sound and light alarm, and its sound and light alarm is that alarm bell sound and alarm window are bright, and its image is that computer screen shows.
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