CN115526684B - Comprehensive energy system multi-main-body low-carbon operation method based on double-layer master-slave game - Google Patents
Comprehensive energy system multi-main-body low-carbon operation method based on double-layer master-slave game Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The multi-main-body low-carbon operation method of the comprehensive energy system based on the double-layer master-slave game comprises the following steps: constructing a comprehensive energy system transaction mechanism considering stepped carbon transaction; constructing a basic structure of a comprehensive energy system configured by an ESO of an energy system operator to store energy; based on the principle of master-slave gaming, a double-layer master-slave gaming model of an electric generator-energy system operator- (energy producer and load aggregator) is established. The method provided by the invention can fully exert the active decision-making capability of each main body, promote the benefit balance of each main body, and realize the low-carbon and economic operation of the comprehensive energy system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of economic operation of a comprehensive energy system, and particularly relates to a multi-main-body low-carbon operation method of the comprehensive energy system based on double-layer master-slave gaming.
Background
Along with the increasing energy demand of China and the proposal of a 'two carbon' strategic target, economy and low carbon have become the trend of future energy development. In this context, IES with multi-energy coupled, joint scheduling features has become an important form of efficient, clean utilization of energy. How to further explore the potential of low-carbon economic operation of IES is a subject worthy of intensive research.
Through the search of the prior art document, the document [1] (the comprehensive energy system thermoelectric optimization considering the stepped carbon transaction mechanism and the electric hydrogen production) (Chen Jinpeng, hu Zhijian, chen Yingguang, and the like; the comprehensive energy system thermoelectric optimization considering the stepped carbon transaction mechanism and the electric hydrogen production [ J ]. Electric automation equipment, 2021,41 (9): 48-54 ]) constructs an IES decentralized scheduling model considering the carbon transaction cost, and constructs an IES low-carbon economic optimization model considering the stepped carbon transaction aiming at the defects of the traditional carbon transaction mechanism, thereby effectively playing the economic benefit and the environmental benefit of the IES. However, the above document [1] ignores the influence of the demand-side elastic load on the system optimization, and does not fully exploit the ability of the integrated demand response (Integrated Demand Response, IDR) resource to participate in low-carbon, economic regulation.
Document [2] (Community Integrated energy System distributed collaborative optimization operation strategy based on Master-Master gaming) (Wang Haiyang, li Ke, zhang Chenghui, etc.. Community Integrated energy System distributed collaborative optimization operation strategy based on Master-Master gaming [ J ]. Chinese electric engineering report, 2020,40 (17): 5435-5444.) A distributed IES optimization strategy with ESO as the leader and EP and LA as the followers is constructed, which enables the benefits on the supply and demand sides to be improved simultaneously. However, ESO directs supply and demand side participation in IDR only through price signals, and lack of regulatory capability for IES energy supply and demand balance may cause supply and demand imbalance.
The multi-main-body non-cooperative game competition model of the electric power market based on Berge-NS balance (Ma Tiannan, duying, kukuku, etc.. The multi-main-body non-cooperative game competition model of the electric power market based on Berge-NS balance [ J ]. Electric power automation equipment 2019,39 (06): 192-204.) researches the multi-main-body game competition problem under the electric power market reform, and realizes the win-win and coordinated development of the benefits of the multi-main-body. Document [4] (Master-Slave game based double-side contract transaction model of Generator and Large user) (Wu Cheng, high Propion group, shang Yi, etc.. Power System Automation, 2016,40 (22): 56-62.) A game model of multiple PP and multiple Large user is constructed based on double-side contract transaction, which provides effective basis for game participants to formulate contract electricity prices.
However, the above documents are only researches on direct electricity purchasing of traditional large-power users and PP, and currently no research on direct electricity purchasing of IES containing multiple energy flows and requiring large electricity is involved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a multi-main-body low-carbon operation method of a comprehensive energy system based on double-layer master-slave gaming, which can fully exert the active decision-making capability of each main body, promote the benefit balance of each main body and realize the low-carbon and economic operation of the comprehensive energy system IES.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the multi-main-body low-carbon operation method of the comprehensive energy system based on the double-layer master-slave game comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a comprehensive energy system transaction mechanism considering stepped carbon transaction;
step 2: constructing a basic structure of a comprehensive energy system configured by an ESO of an energy system operator to store energy;
step 3: based on the principle of master-slave gaming, a double-layer master-slave gaming model of a generator-energy system operator-energy producer and a load aggregator is established.
In the step 1, carbon emission in the integrated Energy system (Integrated Energy System, IES) mainly comes from Energy supply equipment in an upper electricity purchasing and Energy Producer (EP), and a stepped carbon transaction model of EP and ESO is constructed according to the Energy of EP and the electricity purchasing quantity of an Energy system operator (Energy System Operator, ESO).
EP and ESO ladder carbon transaction model is specifically as follows:
carbon emissions in IES come primarily from superior electricity purchases and energy supply facilities in EP, where the carbon trade costs of superior electricity purchases are borne by ESO. The invention constructs a ladder-type carbon transaction mechanism, and divides intervals according to the carbon emission, and the carbon transaction price increases along with the increase of the carbon emission.
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the cost of the ladder-type carbon transaction; e is carbon emission; c c A trade price for carbon; l is the carbon emission interval length; omega is the growth factor.
In the step 2, the integrated energy system IES is divided into an energy system operator ESO, an energy Producer EP, and a Load Aggregator (LA), and the outside of the integrated energy system IES interacts with a Power Producer (PP) to ensure the reliability of energy supply. Wherein, the ESO of the energy system operator further enhances the regulation and control capability of the operation of the integrated energy system IES by configuring the energy storage equipment.
The ESO model of the energy system operator for configuring energy storage is as follows:
wherein f ESO Is an objective function of ESO; c (C) ESO,s 、C ESO,b 、
Respectively obtaining ESO energy selling benefits, energy purchasing expense and carbon transaction cost; c (C) sell The electricity selling benefits for PP; c (C) ESO,om The cost is maintained for the operation of energy storage; />
The purchase and sale energy prices respectively formulated for the ESO; />
Charging and heating power of the electricity storage device and the heat storage device respectively; k (k) ESO Maintaining a cost coefficient for operation of the stored energy; t represents the time.
The configuration of energy storage enables the ESO of the energy source system operator to coordinate the balance of electric heat supply and demand by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the electricity storage and heat storage device, namely:
wherein i is electric, thermal and cold energy respectively;
the output power of the EP; />
The electric quantity is purchased upwards for ESO; />
Charging power for the electricity storage device, +.>
For the energy release of the electricity store, +.>
Is the charging power of the heat storage device,
the energy release power of the heat storage device;
In the step 3, the double-layer master-slave game provided by the invention describes a decision process of pursuing the greatest benefit between PP, ESO, EP and LA. In the double-layer master-slave game model, an energy system operator ESO is positioned in the middle position of connecting an electric generator PP with an energy producer EP and a load aggregator LA, so that the supply and demand balance of the system can be coordinated;
in the upper game, an energy system operator ESO is taken as a follower of a generator PP (leader) to form a master-slave game;
in the lower game, the energy system operator ESO serves as a leader of the energy producer EP and the load aggregator LA (follower) to form a master multi-slave game. In the transaction process, the electricity selling price strategy of the PP can influence the electricity purchasing quantity of the ESO to the PP; meanwhile, the inside shopping energy price policy of IES formulated by ESO affects the EP sales energy policy and LA demand response policy. In contrast, changes in the EP sales policies and LA demand response policies will cause the ESO to readjust the internal purchase energy price policies as well as the purchase electricity policies to the PP, thereby further affecting the PP adjustment electricity price policies.
The energy transaction process accords with the dynamic game characteristics of a master-slave hierarchical structure, and each main body continuously updates own strategies to realize mutual benefit balance and obtain game balance solutions, so that the problem of conflict of benefits of each main body is solved, and multi-main-body benefit balance is realized.
In the step 3, the two-layer master-slave game model is expressed as:
the double-layer master-slave game model comprises the basic elements of master-slave games: game participants, decision variables, utility functions; wherein the game participants are the hairE-commerce PP, energy system operator ESO, energy producer EP, and load aggregator LA; the decision variable is PP electricity selling price S PP ESO electricity purchase amount and price S of purchase and sale energy ESO EP selling energy S EP LA actual load S LA The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The utility function of the game is the objective function of each subject, i.e. f PP ，f ESO ，{f EP ,f LA }。
And constructing a carbon quota model, an actual carbon emission model and a carbon transaction cost model of each main body, forming a stepped carbon transaction model, and mutually matching the stepped carbon transaction model with the comprehensive demand response to limit the carbon emission of the comprehensive energy system IES.
The objective function of each subject is as follows:
(1) The generator PP revenue model:
the generator PP guides the ESO of the energy system operator to flexibly purchase electricity by making electricity selling price, so that the cost of the ESO compensation resource deficiency of the energy system operator is reduced while the benefit of the generator PP is improved, the generator PP aims at the maximum income, and the objective function is as follows:
f PP ＝C sell -C PP
wherein C is sell 、C PP The method comprises the steps of selling electricity and obtaining running cost for a power producer PP; ρ s Selling electricity price for the power generator PP; a, a m B is the quadratic term coefficient of the generating function of the unit m Primary term coefficient, c, of generator set generating function m And the constant term coefficient of the generating function of the unit.
(2) Energy system operator ESO revenue model:
the ESO income model of the energy system operator after energy storage is introduced is as follows:
(3) Energy producer EP revenue model:
the energy producer EP adjusts the output of the unit according to the purchase energy price formulated by ESO, so as to realize the maximization of the benefit per se, and the objective function is as follows:
wherein C is EP The running cost of the EP unit;
carbon trade cost for EP; />
Output power of Gas Turbine (GT) and Gas Boiler (Gas Boiler, GB); a, a e The quadratic coefficient of the GT running cost function, b e The first order coefficient, c, of the GT running cost function e Constant term coefficient, a, of GT running cost function h The quadratic coefficient of the GB running cost function, b h Coefficient of primary term of GB running cost function, c h Is a constant term coefficient of the GB running cost function.
(4) Load aggregator LA revenue model:
considering the utility and cost of energy consumption of the load aggregator LA, the load aggregator LA targets the utility maximum with an objective function of:
f LA ＝C LA -C ESO,s
wherein C is LA The utility is LA; alpha i The first order coefficients, beta, of the energy preference function for LA i Quadratic term for LA energy preference functionA number;
and the actual load power after the LA requirement response.
The invention discloses a multi-main-body low-carbon operation method of a comprehensive energy system based on double-layer master-slave gaming, which has the following technical effects:
1) The step 1 of the invention considers the ladder-type carbon transaction mechanism while constructing the comprehensive energy system transaction mechanism. Unlike the conventional carbon trade mechanism, the ladder-type carbon trade mechanism divides intervals according to the carbon emission amount, and the carbon trade price increases as the carbon emission amount increases. Therefore, the comprehensive energy system trading mechanism considering the ladder-type carbon trading constructed by the invention can effectively limit the carbon emission of the system.
2) Unlike traditional IES structure, the energy storage in the IES basic structure built in step 2 of the invention is configured by ESO, so that the ESO can improve the flexibility of coordinating the balance of electric heating supply and demand by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the electric storage device and the heat storage device. Therefore, the IES basic structure constructed by the invention can simultaneously promote the capability and economy of ESO for regulating the supply and demand balance of the IES.
3) In the current research on the economic operation of the IES based on the game theory, few mention is made of PP and IES direct purchase electricity, ESO only guides the supply and demand side to participate in the comprehensive demand response through price signals, and the regulation and control capability on the energy supply and demand balance of the IES is lacked, so that the form of economic benefit is single. In the double-layer master-slave game model built in the step 3, PP, ESO, EP and LA can make a transaction strategy according to the benefits of the game, coordinate the operation of internal equipment, thereby meeting the balance of supply and demand and playing the initiative decision-making capability of PP and IES for market transaction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a low carbon economic operation method provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of electric power supply and demand balance.
Fig. 3 is a thermal power supply and demand balance diagram.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a cold power supply and demand balance.
Detailed Description
A multi-main-body low-carbon operation method of a comprehensive energy system based on double-layer master-slave gaming. Firstly, in order to reduce the carbon emission of the comprehensive energy system, the method constructs a comprehensive energy system trading mechanism considering stepped carbon trading. Secondly, in order to improve the capacity and the benefit of the energy system operators to participate in the system regulation, the method constructs a comprehensive energy system basic structure for configuring energy storage by the energy system operators. Finally, the method establishes a double-layer master-slave game model of the generator-energy system operator- (energy producer, load aggregator) based on the master-slave game theory, thereby playing the active decision-making capability of the generator and the comprehensive energy system for market transaction. The method provided by the invention can fully exert the active decision-making capability of each main body, promote the benefit balance of each main body, and realize the low-carbon and economic operation of the comprehensive energy system. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a comprehensive energy system transaction mechanism considering stepped carbon transaction;
step 2: constructing a basic structure of a comprehensive energy system configured by an ESO of an energy system operator to store energy;
step 3: based on the principle of master-slave gaming, a double-layer master-slave gaming model of an electric generator-energy system operator- (energy producer and load aggregator) is established.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a low carbon economic operation method provided by the invention. First, an IES trading mechanism is constructed that considers ladder carbon trading. Then, an IES infrastructure is built that stores energy by ESO configuration. And then, establishing a multi-main-body low-carbon economic interaction mechanism and a model based on the double-layer master-slave game. In a two-layer master-slave game: the ESO is used as a follower of the PP (leader) to form a master-slave upper game; the ESO acts as a leader of EP, LA (follower) and constitutes a master multi-slave lower level game. And finally, each main body continuously updates own strategy to acquire game equilibrium solutions, so as to realize multi-main-body benefit equilibrium.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the supply and demand balance of electric power, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that load electric energy is completely supplied by EP in the periods of 1:00-7:00 and 24:00, and the EP actual generated electric power is far greater than the electric load demand, and the redundant electric power is used for refrigerating by an electric refrigerator (Electric Refrigerator, ER) on the one hand and stored in an electric storage device after being purchased by ESO on the other hand. In the range of 8:00-23:00, the EP sold electric power does not meet the electric load demand, and the deficiency power is compensated by the ESO electricity storage equipment and the ESO to purchase electricity to the PP. The main reason is that GT is influenced by the actual output model of the machine set and the power supply capacity of other main bodies, and the self output is regulated within an economic range, so that the GT stably operates. Meanwhile, ESO plays a role in regulation and control, and meanwhile 'low charge and high discharge' of electricity storage is basically realized.
Fig. 3 is a thermal power supply and demand balance diagram. Figure 3 shows that the main sources of thermal power in the system are waste heat boiler (Waste Heat Boiler, WHB) and GB unit output, and that both output fluctuations are smooth. The main reason is that the method is influenced by an actual output model of the machine set, and is most economical in the output range. With the help of the heat storage equipment in ESO, the WHB and GB units in EP can flexibly adjust the output to realize economic operation. Meanwhile, the heat storage equipment of ESO mainly concentrates in 11:00-13:00 heat release and charges heat in 21:00-24 time periods, so that the profit characteristic of the ESO by utilizing low charge and high discharge of the heat storage equipment is reflected.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a cold power supply and demand balance. As can be seen from fig. 4, EP prefers ER output cold power, which is mainly due to higher ER refrigeration efficiency and economy. But at 7:00-22:00, er maximum output has failed to meet the cold load demand, at which point the cold power deficiency is compensated for by the absorption chiller (Absorption Refrigerator, AR) output.
As can be seen from comprehensive analysis of fig. 2, 3 and 4, the output of renewable energy sources in the system is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the system load requirement is effectively and economically met through the mutual cooperation of various energy supply devices and outsourcing electric energy.
Table 1 results of the operation under different protocols
Table 1 shows the results of the operation under different protocols. In order to verify the economy and low carbon of the method provided by the invention, 4 schemes are set for comparison analysis:
the scheme 1 is that PP is not considered to participate in games, ESO is considered to configure energy storage and load demand response and a carbon transaction mechanism;
scheme 2 is to consider a double-layer master-slave game, load demand response and a carbon transaction mechanism, and not consider ESO configuration energy storage;
scheme 3 is to consider ESO configuration energy storage and carbon transaction mechanism without considering load demand response (no game in the system);
scheme 4 is the strategy proposed by the present invention.
Compared with the scheme 1 and the scheme 4, the PP in the scheme 1 sells electricity at a basic electricity price, and has lower price, so that the income is reduced by 363 yuan. Meanwhile, the lower electricity price of the PP further lowers the purchase price formulated by ESO, so that the EP income is reduced by 607 yuan. The scheme 4 can exert the active decision-making capability of PP participating in bidding, is beneficial to balancing the interests of all the main bodies and promotes continuous cooperation between supply and demand main bodies.
As can be seen from the comprehensive analysis schemes 2 and 4, the ESO in the scheme 2 does not have energy storage equipment, the supply and demand relation of the system is adjusted only through a price strategy, the output of the EP unit cannot be met within the economic operation range through the energy storage allowance, and meanwhile the purchase quantity of the PP is increased. The comprehensive change condition of the income of each main body in the scheme 2 is worse than that in the scheme 4, and the total carbon discharge of the system is increased by 1057kg, which does not accord with the low carbon concept. Compared with the scheme 4, the scheme 3 has the advantages that the yield of ESO is increased by 288 yuan, the yield of EP is reduced by 1346 yuan, the yield of LA is reduced by 1467 yuan, the total carbon emission amount is increased by 1286kg, and obviously, the scheme 4 is more economical and has lower carbon. In conclusion, the strategy provided by the invention has the advantages of economy and low carbon in various schemes, and can realize the balance of benefits of various subjects.
Claims (1)
1. The multi-main-body low-carbon operation method of the comprehensive energy system based on the double-layer master-slave game is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: constructing a comprehensive energy system transaction mechanism considering stepped carbon transaction;
step 2: constructing a basic structure of a comprehensive energy system configured by an ESO of an energy system operator to store energy;
step 3: based on a master-slave game theory, a double-layer master-slave game model based on a generator, an energy system operator, an energy producer and a load aggregator is established;
in the step 1, carbon emission in the integrated energy system IES mainly comes from energy supply equipment in the superior electricity purchasing and energy producer EP, and a stepped carbon transaction model of EP and ESO is constructed according to the energy of EP and the electricity purchasing amount of the energy system operator ESO;
in the step 2, dividing the integrated energy system IES into an energy system operator ESO, an energy producer EP and a load aggregator LA, and performing electric energy interaction between the outside of the integrated energy system IES and a generator PP;
the ESO model of the energy system operator for configuring energy storage is as follows:
wherein f ESO Is an objective function of ESO; c (C) ESO,s 、C ESO,b 、
Respectively obtaining ESO energy selling benefits, energy purchasing expense and carbon transaction cost; c (C) sell The electricity selling benefits for PP; c (C) ESO,om The cost is maintained for the operation of energy storage; />
The purchase and sale energy prices respectively formulated for the ESO; />
Charging and heating power of the electricity storage device and the heat storage device respectively; k (k) ESO Maintaining a cost coefficient for operation of the stored energy; t represents the moment;
the configuration of energy storage enables the ESO of the energy source system operator to coordinate the balance of electric heat supply and demand by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the electricity storage and heat storage device, namely:
wherein e, h and c are electric, thermal and cold energy respectively;
the output power of the EP; />
The electric quantity is purchased upwards for ESO; />
Charging power for the electricity storage device, +.>
For the energy release of the electricity store, +.>
For the charging power of the heat storage device, +.>
The energy release power of the heat storage device;
in the step 3, in the double-layer master-slave game model, the energy system operator ESO is in the middle position of contacting the generator PP, the energy producer EP and the load aggregator LA, so as to coordinate the balance of the supply and demand of the system;
in the upper game, an energy system operator ESO is used as a follower of a generator PP to form a master-slave game; in the lower game, an energy system operator ESO is used as a leader of an energy producer EP and a load aggregator LA to form a master multi-slave game;
in the step 3, the two-layer master-slave game model is expressed as:
the double-layer master-slave game model comprises the basic elements of master-slave games: game participants, decision variables, utility functions; the game participants are a generator PP, an energy system operator ESO, an energy producer EP and a load aggregator LA; the decision variable is PP electricity selling price S PP ESO electricity purchase amount and price S of purchase and sale energy ESO EP selling energy S EP LA actual load S LA The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The utility function of the game is the objective function of each subject, i.e. f PP ，f ESO ，{f EP ,f LA }；
The objective function of each subject is as follows:
(1) The generator PP revenue model:
the generator PP guides the ESO of the energy system operator to flexibly purchase electricity by making electricity selling price, so that the cost of the ESO compensation resource deficiency of the energy system operator is reduced while the benefit of the generator PP is improved, the generator PP aims at the maximum income, and the objective function is as follows:
f PP ＝C sell -C PP
wherein C is sell 、C PP The method comprises the steps of selling electricity and obtaining running cost for a power producer PP; ρ s Selling electricity price for the power generator PP; a, a m B is the quadratic term coefficient of the generating function of the unit m Primary term coefficient, c, of generator set generating function m Constant term coefficients of a generating function of the unit;
(2) Energy system operator ESO revenue model:
the ESO income model of the energy system operator after energy storage is introduced is as follows:
(3) Energy producer EP revenue model:
the energy producer EP adjusts the output of the unit according to the purchase energy price formulated by ESO, so as to realize the maximization of the benefit per se, and the objective function is as follows:
wherein C is EP The running cost of the EP unit;
carbon trade cost for EP; />
The output power of the gas turbine GT and the output power of the gas boiler GB are respectively; a, a e The quadratic coefficient of the GT running cost function, b e The first order coefficient, c, of the GT running cost function e Constant term coefficient, a, of GT running cost function h The quadratic coefficient of the GB running cost function, b h Coefficient of primary term of GB running cost function, c h Constant term coefficients for the GB running cost function;
(4) Load aggregator LA revenue model:
considering the utility and cost of energy consumption of the load aggregator LA, the load aggregator LA targets the utility maximum with an objective function of:
f LA ＝C LA -C ESO,s
wherein C is LA The utility is LA; alpha i The first order coefficients, beta, of the energy preference function for LA i Quadratic term coefficients of the energy preference function are used for LA;
and the actual load power after the LA requirement response. />
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