CN114914497B - Hybrid power system of ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Hybrid power system of ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine Download PDF

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CN114914497B
CN114914497B CN202210467138.7A CN202210467138A CN114914497B CN 114914497 B CN114914497 B CN 114914497B CN 202210467138 A CN202210467138 A CN 202210467138A CN 114914497 B CN114914497 B CN 114914497B
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fuel cell
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internal combustion
combustion engine
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CN114914497A (en
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秦江
李博
李成杰
郭发福
刘禾
程昆林
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F02B2043/106—Hydrogen obtained by electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of energy, in particular to a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, which comprises a cooling system, wherein an inlet of the cooling system is communicated with liquid ammonia, and an outlet of the cooling system is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger; a separator, an inlet of the separator being in communication with the first heat exchanger hot fluid outlet, an outlet of the separator being in communication with an anode inlet of a fuel cell, an anode of the fuel cell being in communication with a second heat exchanger hot fluid inlet; the second heat exchanger hot fluid outlet is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine, the air is communicated with the air inlet of the internal combustion engine and the cold fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger, the cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger. Thereby meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the high temperature components of the internal combustion engine and the fuel reforming requirements.

Description

Hybrid power system of ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of energy, in particular to a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine.
Background
The solid oxide fuel cell has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, no need of noble metal as a catalyst, strong fuel adaptability, low noise and less pollutant emission, and is considered as one of the most promising power generation modes. The fuel cell hybrid power system combines a fuel cell with an additional power machine, and fully utilizes high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell and the power machine, so that the system efficiency can be effectively improved. The solid oxide fuel cell-internal combustion engine system has the advantages of high starting and response speed, simple and reliable structure and the like, and has good application prospects in the fields of distributed power generation, small unmanned aerial vehicle application and the like. However, the temperature of the components is high in the working process of the internal combustion engine, cooling is needed, and cooling by using cooling liquid can increase the power consumption of the system.
Ammonia is a hydrogen-rich carrier, and compared with other common fuels, the ammonia has the characteristics of better safety, easy storage and transportation and processing, no emission of harmful gas or greenhouse gas, good economy and the like, and has great development potential. The indirect ammonia fuel cell reforms ammonia to generate nitrogen and hydrogen, and then the hydrogen in the reformer enters the fuel cell to generate electricity, so that the product of the indirect ammonia fuel cell is applied to the commercial market. The larger volume and mass of the individual reformers reduces the power density of the fuel cell power system.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the problems that in the prior art, the temperature of a part is higher in the working process of the internal combustion engine, cooling is needed, the power consumption of the system is increased, the larger volume and the larger mass of an independent reformer are increased by using cooling liquid for cooling, and the power density of a fuel cell power system is reduced, so that the ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and the internal combustion engine hybrid power system which can combine the heat dissipation requirement of a high-temperature part of the internal combustion engine and the fuel reforming requirement are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, which comprises a cooling system, wherein an inlet of the cooling system is communicated with liquid ammonia, and an outlet of the cooling system is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger; a separator, an inlet of the separator being in communication with the first heat exchanger hot fluid outlet, an outlet of the separator being in communication with an anode inlet of a fuel cell, an anode of the fuel cell being in communication with a second heat exchanger hot fluid inlet; the second heat exchanger hot fluid outlet is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine, air is communicated with the air inlet of the internal combustion engine and the cold fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger, the cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger.
Further, the cooling system comprises a liquid ammonia tank, a second valve is arranged at the outlet of the liquid ammonia tank, the second valve is communicated with the inlet of a second pump body, and the outlet of the second pump body is communicated with the inlet of the evaporation chamber; a reforming chamber, an inlet of which is communicated with an outlet of the evaporation chamber, and an outlet of which is communicated with an inlet of the first heat exchanger; the outlet of the thermostat is communicated with the inlet of the first pump body, and the outlet of the first pump body is communicated with the inlet of the first valve; an engine, an inlet of which is communicated with an outlet of the first valve, and an outlet of which is communicated with an inlet of the thermostat; and the inlet of the radiator is communicated with the outlet of the thermostat, and the outlet of the radiator is communicated with the first pump body.
Further, the first valve and the second valve are electromagnetic valves.
Further, the inner surface of the reforming chamber is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst.
Further, a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the engine is also included.
Further, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.
Further, the separator is a palladium membrane separator.
Further, the reforming chamber is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, which comprises a cooling system, wherein an inlet of the cooling system is communicated with liquid ammonia, and an outlet of the cooling system is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger; a separator, an inlet of the separator being in communication with the first heat exchanger hot fluid outlet, an outlet of the separator being in communication with an anode inlet of a fuel cell, an anode of the fuel cell being in communication with a second heat exchanger hot fluid inlet; the second heat exchanger hot fluid outlet is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine, air is communicated with the air inlet of the internal combustion engine and the cold fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger, the cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger.
The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell internal combustion engine and the hybrid power system use fuel vaporization and reforming reaction to absorb heat, an effective cold source is provided, the cooling liquid demand of the internal combustion engine is reduced, and the consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, the heat of the internal combustion engine is utilized to realize the hydrogen production by ammonia reforming, so that the full utilization of energy is realized, and fuel required by the reaction is provided for the fuel cell. At the same time, the structure omits an external reformer, and reduces the overall size of the system. And the anode tail gas of the fuel cell enters the internal combustion engine to burn, expand and do work to drive the engine to generate electricity, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved.
When the temperature of the high-temperature part in the internal combustion engine reaches a certain value, liquid ammonia is vaporized in a high-temperature cooling system, and then the liquid ammonia is subjected to reforming reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, meanwhile, heat of the high-temperature part of the internal combustion engine is taken away, the high-temperature mixed gas is subjected to heat exchange and cooling to the inlet temperature of the separator through a first heat exchanger and then enters the separator for separation, and hydrogen and tail gas are separated, wherein the hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell to provide the fuel required by the fuel cell; the high-temperature hydrogen which is not fully reacted at the anode outlet of the fuel cell enters the second heat exchanger to exchange heat and cool, so that the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced, the temperature requirement of the inlet of the internal combustion engine is met, and the hydrogen after heat exchange enters the internal combustion engine to perform combustion expansion work so as to drive the engine to generate power.
Air is used as fuel of the cathode of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, one part of reactant air directly enters the internal combustion engine to do work with hydrogen in a combustion mode, and the other part of reactant air enters the first heat exchanger to exchange heat with high-temperature tail gas exhausted from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell, so that the temperature of the inlet air of the cathode of the fuel cell reaches the requirement of the fuel cell. Reactant air subjected to heat exchange by the first heat exchanger enters a cathode of the fuel cell to react, and high-temperature tail gas is discharged.
2. The invention provides a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, wherein a first valve and a second valve are electromagnetic valves. Through the setting of solenoid valve, the flow of control liquid that can be accurate reduces the error that appears. Namely, the flow direction of the liquid can be controlled at any time by controlling the first valve and the second valve.
3. The invention provides a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, wherein the inner surface of a reforming chamber is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst; so that the reforming chamber can react and generate hydrogen and nitrogen.
4. The invention provides a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, which also comprises a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the engine; by detecting the temperature of the ammonia reforming catalyst, the normal operation of the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and the smooth operation of ammonia reforming are fully ensured.
5. The invention provides a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, wherein a reforming chamber is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine; the heat generated by the engine can be transferred into the reforming chamber, and the reforming chamber reforms the liquid ammonia through the heat, and generates hydrogen and nitrogen.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooling system of fig. 1.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-an internal combustion engine; 2-a cooling system; 3-first heat exchanger, 4-separator; 5-anode; 6-cathode; 7-a second heat exchanger; 8-a third heat exchanger; 9-a heat sink; 10-thermostat; 11-a first pump body; 12-a first valve; 13-an engine; 14-a reforming chamber; 15-a liquid storage tank; 16-an evaporation chamber; 17-a second pump body; 18-a second valve; 19-a liquid ammonia tank; 20-a temperature sensor;
is hydrogen; />Is tail gas; />Is hydrogen; />Is air;is a mixed gas.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid power system of an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, which comprises a cooling system 2, wherein an inlet of the cooling system 2 is communicated with liquid ammonia, and an outlet of the cooling system 2 is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger 3; a separator 4, the inlet of which is communicated with the hot fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger 3, the outlet of the separator 4 is communicated with the inlet of the anode 5 of the fuel cell, and the anode 5 of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the second heat exchanger 7; the internal combustion engine 1, the hot fluid outlet of the second heat exchanger 7 is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine 1, air is communicated with the air inlet of the internal combustion engine 1 and the cold fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger 8, the cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger 8 is communicated with the cathode 6 inlet of the fuel cell, and the cathode 6 outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger 8.
When the temperature of the high-temperature part in the internal combustion engine 1 reaches a certain value, liquid ammonia is gasified in a high-temperature cooling system 2, reforming reaction is carried out to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, meanwhile, heat of the high-temperature part of the internal combustion engine 1 is taken away, high-temperature mixed gas is cooled to the inlet temperature of a separator 4 through heat exchange of a first heat exchanger 3 and then enters the separator 4 to be separated, hydrogen and tail gas are separated, wherein the hydrogen enters a fuel cell anode 5, and the required fuel is provided for the fuel cell; the high-temperature hydrogen which is not fully reacted at the outlet of the anode 5 of the fuel cell enters the second heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat and cool, so that the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced, the temperature requirement of the inlet of the internal combustion engine 1 is met, the hydrogen after heat exchange enters the internal combustion engine 1, and the hydrogen is combusted and expanded to do work to drive the engine 13 to generate electricity.
Air is used as fuel of the fuel cell cathode 6 and the internal combustion engine 1, one part of reactant air directly enters the internal combustion engine 1 to do work with hydrogen in a combustion mode, and the other part of reactant air enters the third heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with high-temperature tail gas exhausted from an outlet of the fuel cell cathode 6, so that the temperature of air at an inlet of the fuel cell cathode 6 reaches the requirement of the fuel cell. Reactant air subjected to heat exchange by the third heat exchanger 8 enters the cathode 6 of the fuel cell to react, and high-temperature tail gas is discharged.
The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell internal combustion engine and the hybrid power system use fuel vaporization and reforming reaction to absorb heat, an effective cold source is provided, the cooling liquid demand of the internal combustion engine 1 is reduced, and the consumption is reduced.
Meanwhile, the heat of the internal combustion engine 1 is utilized to realize the hydrogen production by ammonia reforming, so that the full utilization of energy is realized, and fuel required by the reaction is provided for the fuel cell. At the same time, the structure omits an external reformer, and reduces the overall size of the system.
And the tail gas of the anode 5 of the fuel cell enters the internal combustion engine 1 to burn, expand and do work to drive the engine 13 to generate electricity, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved.
Wherein the cooling system 2 comprises: the liquid ammonia tank 19, wherein a second valve 18 is arranged at the outlet of the liquid ammonia tank 19, the second valve 18 is communicated with the inlet of the second pump body 17, and the outlet of the second pump body 17 is communicated with the inlet of the evaporation chamber 16; a reforming chamber 14, an inlet of the reforming chamber 14 being in communication with an outlet of the evaporation chamber 16, an outlet of the reforming chamber 14 being in communication with an inlet of the first heat exchanger 3; a thermostat 10, an outlet of the thermostat 10 being in communication with an inlet of a first pump body 11, an outlet of the first pump body 11 being in communication with an inlet of a first valve 12; an engine 13, an inlet of the engine 13 communicates with an outlet of the first valve 12, and an outlet of the engine 13 communicates with an inlet of the thermostat 10; a radiator 9, an inlet of the radiator 9 communicates with an outlet of the thermostat 10, and an outlet of the radiator 9 communicates with the first pump body 11.
When the temperature of the high-temperature components of the internal combustion engine 1, the engine 13, is in a small cycle (below 70-80 c), the temperature is low and is cooled with a coolant. At this time, the thermostat 10 is closed, and only the coolant circulates in the engine 13 through the first pump body 11. Namely, in fig. 2, the second valve 18 of the liquid ammonia branch is closed, at this time, liquid ammonia is not used for cooling, the thermostat 10 is closed, and the cooling liquid enters the engine 13 for cooling through the first pump body 11, and then circulates through the thermostat 10 and the first pump body 11.
When the temperature of the high temperature component engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 is in a large cycle (typically greater than 80 degrees celsius), but does not reach the ammonia decomposition temperature (typically 600-800 degrees celsius), cooling with a coolant is used. At this time, the thermostat 10 is opened, and the cooling liquid flows through the engine 13 and then enters the radiator 9 at the front end to dissipate heat, and then enters the engine 13 for circulation through the first pump body 11. Namely, in fig. 2, the liquid ammonia branch second valve 18 is closed, liquid ammonia is not used for cooling at the moment, the thermostat 10 is opened, the first valve 12 is opened, and the cooling liquid enters the engine 13 for cooling through the first pump body 11 and the first valve 12, enters the radiator 9 for heat dissipation and cooling through the thermostat 10, and enters the first pump body 11 for circulation.
When the temperature of the high-temperature component engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 reaches the ammonia decomposition temperature, liquid ammonia is used for cooling. At this time, the first valve 12 for passing the cooling liquid is closed, the second valve 18 for passing the liquid ammonia is opened, and the liquid ammonia enters the evaporation chamber 16 for gasification, and then enters the reforming chamber 14 with the ammonia reforming catalyst coated on the surface for reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. In fig. 2, the first valve 12 is closed, the second valve 18 is opened, liquid ammonia is evaporated from the liquid ammonia tank 19 through the second valve 18 and the second pump body 17 into the evaporation chamber 16 to form ammonia, then the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen through the reforming chamber 14 and absorbs the heat of the engine 13, and then the hydrogen is separated by entering the separator 4 through heat exchange and cooling of the first heat exchanger 3. The hybrid power system of the ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and the internal combustion engine utilizes the heat of the internal combustion engine to realize the ammonia reforming hydrogen production, thereby realizing the full utilization of energy and providing fuel required by the reaction for the fuel cell.
Further, the first valve 12 and the second valve 18 are solenoid valves. Through the setting of solenoid valve, the flow of control liquid that can be accurate reduces the error that appears. I.e. by controlling the first valve 12 and the second valve 18, the flow direction of the liquid can be controlled at any time.
Meanwhile, the inner surface of the reforming chamber 14 is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst so that the reforming chamber can react and generate hydrogen and nitrogen.
In the present embodiment, the hybrid power system of the ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and the internal combustion engine further comprises a temperature sensor 20, wherein the temperature sensor 20 is used for detecting the temperature of the engine 13; by detecting the temperature of the ammonia reforming catalyst, the normal operation of the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and the smooth operation of ammonia reforming are fully ensured. The temperature sensor 20 detects the temperature of the engine 13, when the temperature of the engine 13 reaches the temperature required by ammonia reforming, the first valve 12 is closed, the second valve 18 is opened, and the liquid ammonia enters the evaporation chamber 16 for gasification, then enters the reforming chamber 14 with the ammonia reforming catalyst coated on the surface for reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell, and the solid oxide fuel cell has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, no need of noble metal as catalyst, high fuel adaptability, low noise, and low pollutant emission
In some alternative embodiments, the separator 4 is a palladium membrane separator. The hydrogen and the tail gas can also be separated by adopting a concentrated sulfuric acid chemical method.
In some alternative embodiments, the reforming chamber 14 is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine 13; the heat generated by the engine 13 can be transferred to the reforming chamber 14, and the reforming chamber 14 reforms the liquid ammonia by the heat, and generates hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas.
The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell internal combustion engine and the hybrid power system are cooled by using a cooling liquid when the temperature of the high temperature component engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 is in a small cycle (lower than 70-80 ℃), and the temperature is lower. The liquid ammonia branch second valve 18 is closed, liquid ammonia is not used for cooling at the moment, the thermostat 10 is closed, the first valve 12 is opened, and cooling liquid enters the engine 13 for cooling through the first pump body 11 and the first valve 12 and then circulates through the thermostat 10 and the first pump body 11; when the temperature of the high temperature component engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 is in a large cycle (typically greater than 80 degrees celsius), but does not reach the ammonia decomposition temperature (typically 600-800 degrees celsius), cooling with a coolant is used. The second valve 18 is closed, the liquid ammonia is not used for cooling at the moment, the thermostat 10 is opened, the first valve 12 is opened, and the cooling liquid enters the engine 13 for cooling through the first pump body 11 and the first valve 12, enters the radiator 9 for heat dissipation and cooling through the thermostat 10 and enters the first pump body 11 for circulation; when the temperature of the high-temperature component engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 reaches the ammonia decomposition temperature, liquid ammonia is used for cooling. In fig. 2, the first valve 12 is closed, the second valve 18 is opened, liquid ammonia is evaporated from the liquid ammonia tank 19 through the second valve 18 and the second pump body 17 into the evaporation chamber 16 to be evaporated into ammonia, then the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen through the reforming chamber 14 and absorbs the heat of the engine, and then the hydrogen is separated out through the separator 4 after heat exchange and cooling through the first heat exchanger 3.
Hydrogen enters the anode 5 of the fuel cell to provide the fuel cell with the required fuel; the high-temperature hydrogen which is not fully reacted at the outlet of the anode 5 of the fuel cell enters the second heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat and cool, so that the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced, the temperature requirement of the inlet of the internal combustion engine 1 is met, the hydrogen after heat exchange enters the internal combustion engine 1, and the hydrogen is combusted and expanded to do work to drive the engine to generate electricity. Air is used as fuel of the fuel cell cathode 6 and the internal combustion engine 1, one part of reactant air directly enters the internal combustion engine to do work with hydrogen in a combustion mode, and the other part of reactant air enters the third heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with high-temperature tail gas exhausted from an outlet of the fuel cell cathode 6, so that the temperature of air at an inlet of the fuel cell cathode 6 reaches the requirement of the fuel cell. Reactant air subjected to heat exchange by the third heat exchanger 8 enters the cathode 6 of the fuel cell to react, and high-temperature tail gas is discharged.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A hybrid system for producing hydrogen from ammonia reforming in a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a cooling system (2), wherein an inlet of the cooling system (2) is communicated with liquid ammonia, and an outlet of the cooling system (2) is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of the first heat exchanger (3);
a separator (4), the inlet of which is in communication with the hot fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger (3), the outlet of which separator (4) is in communication with the anode (5) inlet of the fuel cell, the anode (5) of which is in communication with the hot fluid inlet of the second heat exchanger (7);
an internal combustion engine (1), wherein a hot fluid outlet of the second heat exchanger (7) is communicated with a fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine (1), air is communicated with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine (1) and a cold fluid inlet of a third heat exchanger (8), a cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger (8) is communicated with a cathode (6) inlet of a fuel cell, and a cathode (6) outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger (8);
the cooling system (2) comprises:
the liquid ammonia tank (19), a second valve (18) is arranged at the outlet of the liquid ammonia tank (19), the second valve (18) is communicated with the inlet of a second pump body (17), and the outlet of the second pump body (17) is communicated with the inlet of the evaporation chamber (16);
a reforming chamber (14), an inlet of the reforming chamber (14) being in communication with an outlet of the evaporation chamber (16), an outlet of the reforming chamber (14) being in communication with an inlet of the first heat exchanger (3);
a thermostat (10), an outlet of the thermostat (10) is communicated with an inlet of a first pump body (11), and an outlet of the first pump body (11) is communicated with an inlet of a first valve (12);
-an engine (13), the inlet of the engine (13) being in communication with the outlet of the first valve (12), the outlet of the engine (13) being in communication with the inlet of the thermostat (10);
and the inlet of the radiator (9) is communicated with the outlet of the thermostat (10), and the outlet of the radiator (9) is communicated with the first pump body (11).
2. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid system of claim 1, wherein the first valve (12) and the second valve (18) are solenoid valves.
3. Hybrid fuel cell and internal combustion engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner surface of the reforming chamber (14) is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst.
4. A hybrid fuel cell and internal combustion engine system for ammonia reforming hydrogen production according to claim 3, further comprising a temperature sensor (20), said temperature sensor (20) being adapted to detect the temperature of said engine (13).
5. A hybrid fuel cell and internal combustion engine system for producing hydrogen by ammonia reforming as defined in claim 4, wherein said fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.
6. Hybrid fuel cell and internal combustion engine system for ammonia reforming hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that the separator (4) is a palladium membrane separator.
7. Hybrid system for an ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and an internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the reforming chamber (14) is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine (13).
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