CN114914497A - Ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system - Google Patents

Ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114914497A
CN114914497A CN202210467138.7A CN202210467138A CN114914497A CN 114914497 A CN114914497 A CN 114914497A CN 202210467138 A CN202210467138 A CN 202210467138A CN 114914497 A CN114914497 A CN 114914497A
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fuel cell
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internal combustion
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CN114914497B (en
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秦江
李博
李成杰
郭发福
刘禾
程昆林
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F02B2043/106—Hydrogen obtained by electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of energy, in particular to a hybrid power system of a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming, which comprises a cooling system, wherein the inlet of the cooling system is communicated with liquid ammonia, and the outlet of the cooling system is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger; a separator, wherein the inlet of the separator is communicated with the first heat exchanger hot fluid outlet, the outlet of the separator is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell, and the anode of the fuel cell is communicated with the second heat exchanger hot fluid inlet; the hot fluid outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine, the air is communicated with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine and a cold fluid inlet of a third heat exchanger, a cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and a cathode outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger. Thereby meeting the heat dissipation requirements of high-temperature components of the internal combustion engine and the fuel reforming requirements.

Description

Ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of energy, in particular to a fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming.
Background
The solid oxide fuel cell has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, no need of noble metal as a catalyst, strong fuel adaptability, low noise and low pollutant emission, and is considered to be one of the most promising power generation modes. The fuel cell hybrid power system combines a fuel cell with an additional power machine, fully utilizes high-temperature tail gas of the fuel cell and the power machine, and is a mode capable of effectively improving the efficiency of the system. The solid oxide fuel cell-internal combustion engine system has the advantages of high starting and response speed, simple and reliable structure and the like, and has good application prospects in the fields of distributed power generation, small unmanned aerial vehicle application and the like. However, the temperature of the components is high during the operation of the internal combustion engine, cooling is needed, and the power consumption of the system is increased by using cooling liquid for cooling.
Compared with other common fuels, the ammonia is a hydrogen-rich carrier, has the characteristics of better safety, easy storage, transportation and processing, no emission of harmful gas or greenhouse gas, good economy and the like, and has great development potential. The indirect ammonia fuel cell reforms ammonia to generate nitrogen and hydrogen, and then the hydrogen in the reformer is introduced into the fuel cell to generate electricity, and the indirect ammonia fuel cell products are currently applied to the commercial market. The larger volume and mass of the individual reformers reduces the power density of the fuel cell power system.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of the prior art that the temperature of the components is high during the operation of the internal combustion engine, cooling is required, the use of cooling liquid for cooling increases the system power consumption, and the large volume and mass of the separate reformer reduce the power density of the fuel cell power system, so as to provide a fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system capable of combining the heat dissipation requirement of the high-temperature components of the internal combustion engine and the fuel reforming requirement.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a hybrid power system of a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming, which comprises a cooling system, wherein the inlet of the cooling system is communicated with liquid ammonia, and the outlet of the cooling system is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger; a separator, wherein the inlet of the separator is communicated with the hot fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger, the outlet of the separator is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell, and the anode of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the second heat exchanger; the hot fluid outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine, the air is communicated with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine and a cold fluid inlet of a third heat exchanger, a cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and a cathode outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger.
Further, the cooling system comprises a liquid ammonia tank, a second valve is arranged at an outlet of the liquid ammonia tank and communicated with an inlet of the first pump body, and an outlet of the first pump body is communicated with an inlet of the evaporation chamber; a reformer chamber, the outlet of the reformer chamber inlet vaporizer chamber communicating with the first heat exchanger inlet; the outlet of the thermostat is communicated with the inlet of the second pump body, and the outlet of the second pump body is communicated with the inlet of the first valve; an engine, an inlet of the engine being in communication with an outlet of the first valve, an outlet of the engine being in communication with an inlet of the thermostat; and the inlet of the radiator is communicated with the outlet of the thermostat, and the outlet of the radiator is communicated with the second pump body.
Further, the first valve and the second valve are solenoid valves.
Further, the inner surface of the reforming chamber is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst.
Further, the temperature control device further comprises a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the engine.
Further, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.
Further, the separator is a palladium membrane separator.
Further, the reforming chamber is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a hybrid power system of a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming, which comprises a cooling system, wherein the inlet of the cooling system is communicated with liquid ammonia, and the outlet of the cooling system is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger; a separator, wherein the inlet of the separator is communicated with the first heat exchanger hot fluid outlet, the outlet of the separator is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell, and the anode of the fuel cell is communicated with the second heat exchanger hot fluid inlet; the hot fluid outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine, the air is communicated with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine and a cold fluid inlet of a third heat exchanger, a cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and a cathode outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger.
The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell internal combustion engine and the hybrid power system absorb heat by using fuel vaporization and reforming reaction, an effective cold source is provided, the cooling liquid demand of the internal combustion engine is reduced, and the consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, the heat of the internal combustion engine is utilized to realize the hydrogen production by reforming the ammonia, thereby realizing the full utilization of energy and providing fuel required by the reaction for the fuel cell. Meanwhile, the structure omits an external reformer, and the overall size of the system is reduced. And the anode tail gas of the fuel cell enters the internal combustion engine to be combusted, and expands to do work to drive the engine to generate power, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved.
When the internal combustion engine works, when the temperature of the internal high-temperature part reaches a certain value, liquid ammonia enters a high-temperature cooling system to be vaporized, a reforming reaction is carried out to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, heat of the internal combustion engine high-temperature part is taken away, high-temperature mixed gas is subjected to heat exchange through a first heat exchanger, cooled to the inlet temperature of a separator, then enters the separator to be separated, and hydrogen and tail gas are separated, wherein the hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell to provide required fuel for the fuel cell; high-temperature hydrogen which is not completely reacted at the anode outlet of the fuel cell enters the second heat exchanger for heat exchange and cooling, so that the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced and reaches the requirement of the inlet temperature of the internal combustion engine, and the hydrogen after heat exchange enters the internal combustion engine to be combusted, expanded and applied to drive the engine to generate power.
Air is used as a fuel of a cathode of the fuel cell and a fuel of the internal combustion engine, one part of reactant air directly enters the internal combustion engine to be combusted with hydrogen to do work, and the other part of reactant air enters the first heat exchanger to exchange heat with high-temperature tail gas discharged from a cathode outlet of the fuel cell, so that the temperature of air at an inlet of the cathode of the fuel cell meets the requirement of the fuel cell. And the reactant air after heat exchange by the first heat exchanger enters the cathode of the fuel cell for reaction, and high-temperature tail gas is discharged.
2. According to the ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system provided by the invention, the first valve and the second valve are electromagnetic valves. Through the setting of solenoid valve, the flow of control liquid that can be accurate reduces and appears the error. Namely, the flow direction of the liquid can be controlled at any time by controlling the first valve and the second valve.
3. According to the ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system provided by the invention, the inner surface of the reforming chamber is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst; so that the reformer chamber can react and generate hydrogen and nitrogen.
4. The invention provides a hybrid power system of a fuel cell for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming and an internal combustion engine, which also comprises a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the engine; by detecting the temperature of the cooling system, the normal operation of the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and the smooth ammonia reforming are fully ensured.
5. According to the hybrid power system of the ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, the reforming chamber is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine; the heat generated by the engine can be transferred into the reforming chamber, and the reforming chamber can reform the liquid ammonia through the heat and generate hydrogen and nitrogen.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid power system of a fuel cell for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming and an internal combustion engine provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooling system of fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals:
1-an internal combustion engine; 2-a cooling system; 3-a first heat exchanger, 4-a separator; 5-an anode; 6-a cathode; 7-a first heat exchanger; 8-a first heat exchanger; 9-a radiator; 10-thermostat; 11-a first pump body; 12-a first valve; 13-an engine; 14-a reformer chamber; 15-a liquid storage tank; 16-an evaporation chamber; 17-a second pump body; 18-a second valve; 19-a liquid ammonia tank; 20-a temperature sensor;
Figure BDA0003624842250000041
is hydrogen;
Figure BDA0003624842250000042
is tail gas;
Figure BDA0003624842250000043
is hydrogen;
Figure BDA0003624842250000044
is air;
Figure BDA0003624842250000045
is a mixed gas.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid power system of a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming, including a cooling system 2, an inlet of the cooling system 2 is communicated with liquid ammonia, and an outlet of the cooling system 2 is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of a first heat exchanger 3; a separator 4, wherein the inlet of the separator is communicated with the hot fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger 3, the outlet of the separator 4 is communicated with the inlet of the anode 5 of the fuel cell, and the anode 5 of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the second heat exchanger 7; the hot fluid outlet of the second heat exchanger 7 is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine 1, the air is communicated with the air inlet of the internal combustion engine 1 and the cold fluid inlet of a third heat exchanger 8, the cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger 8 is communicated with the inlet of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger 8.
When the internal combustion engine 1 works, when the temperature of the internal high-temperature part reaches a certain value, liquid ammonia enters the high-temperature cooling system 2 to be vaporized, and carries out reforming reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, and simultaneously takes away the heat of the high-temperature part of the internal combustion engine 1, high-temperature mixed gas is subjected to heat exchange by the first heat exchanger 3, is cooled to the inlet temperature of the separator 4, then enters the separator 4 to be separated, and hydrogen and tail gas are separated, wherein the hydrogen enters the anode 5 of the fuel cell to provide required fuel for the fuel cell; high-temperature hydrogen which is not completely reacted at the outlet of the anode 5 of the fuel cell enters the second heat exchanger 7 to be subjected to heat exchange and cooling, so that the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced and reaches the requirement of the inlet temperature of the internal combustion engine 1, and the hydrogen after heat exchange enters the internal combustion engine 1 to be combusted, expanded and applied to drive the engine 13 to generate power.
Air is used as fuel of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine 1, one part of reactant air directly enters the internal combustion engine 1 to burn with hydrogen to do work, and the other part of reactant air enters the first heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with high-temperature tail gas discharged from the outlet of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell, so that the temperature of air at the inlet of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell meets the requirement of the fuel cell. And the reactant air after heat exchange by the first heat exchanger 8 enters the cathode 6 of the fuel cell for reaction, and high-temperature tail gas is discharged.
The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell internal combustion engine and the hybrid power system absorb heat by using fuel vaporization and reforming reaction, an effective cold source is provided, the required amount of cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine 1 is reduced, and the consumption is reduced.
Meanwhile, the heat of the internal combustion engine 2 is utilized to realize the hydrogen production by reforming the ammonia, so that the energy is fully utilized, and the fuel required by the reaction is provided for the fuel cell. Meanwhile, the structure omits an external reformer, and the overall size of the system is reduced.
And the tail gas of the anode 5 of the fuel cell enters the internal combustion engine 1 to be combusted, and the expansion work is performed to drive the engine 13 to generate power, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved.
Wherein the cooling system 2 comprises: a liquid ammonia tank 19, wherein a second valve 18 is arranged at an outlet of the liquid ammonia tank 19, the second valve 18 is communicated with an inlet of the first pump body 17, and an outlet of the first pump body 17 is communicated with an inlet of the evaporation chamber 16; a reforming chamber 14, wherein the outlet of the inlet evaporation chamber 16 of the reforming chamber 14 is communicated, and the outlet of the reforming chamber 14 is communicated with the inlet of the first heat exchanger 3; a thermostat 10, an outlet of the thermostat 10 is communicated with an inlet of a second pump body 11, and an outlet of the second pump body 11 is communicated with an inlet of a first valve 12; an engine 13, an inlet of the engine 13 being in communication with an outlet of the first valve 12, an outlet of the engine 13 being in communication with an inlet of the thermostat 10; a radiator 9, an inlet of the radiator 9 is communicated with an outlet of the thermostat 10, and an outlet of the radiator 9 is communicated with the second pump body 11.
When the temperature of the high-temperature components of the internal combustion engine 1 and the engine 13 is in a small cycle (lower than 70-80 ℃), the temperature is low, and cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid. At this time, the thermostat 10 is closed, and only the coolant circulates in the engine 1 through the first cylinder 11. That is, in fig. 2, the second valve 18 of the liquid ammonia branch is closed, at this time, liquid ammonia cooling is not used, the thermostat 10 is closed, and the cooling liquid enters the engine 13 through the first pump body 11 to be cooled, and then circulates through the thermostat 10 and the first pump body 11.
When the temperature of the high-temperature part engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 is in a large cycle (generally more than 80 degrees centigrade) but does not reach the ammonia decomposition temperature (generally 600-800 degrees centigrade), the cooling liquid is used for cooling. At this time, the thermostat 10 is opened, and the coolant flows through the engine 13, enters the radiator 9 at the front end to dissipate heat, and then enters the engine 13 through the first pump body 11 to circulate. That is, in fig. 2, the second valve 18 of the liquid ammonia branch is closed, at this time, liquid ammonia cooling is not used, the thermostat 10 is opened, the first valve 12 is opened, and the cooling liquid passes through the first pump body 11, the first valve 12, enters the engine 13 for cooling, passes through the thermostat 10, enters the radiator 9 for heat dissipation and cooling, and then enters the first pump body 11 for circulation.
When the temperature of the high-temperature part engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 reaches the ammonia decomposition temperature, liquid ammonia cooling is used. At this time, the first valve 12 for introducing the cooling liquid is closed, the second valve 18 for introducing the liquid ammonia channel is opened, and the liquid ammonia enters the evaporation chamber 16 for vaporization and then enters the reforming chamber 14 with the surface coated with the ammonia reforming catalyst for reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. In fig. 2, the first valve 12 is closed, the second valve 18 is opened, liquid ammonia enters the evaporation chamber 16 from the liquid ammonia tank 19 through the second valve 18 and the second pump body 17 to be evaporated into ammonia gas, then is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen through the reforming chamber 14 and absorbs heat of the engine 13, then is subjected to heat exchange and cooling through the first heat exchanger 3, and enters the separator 4 to be separated out hydrogen. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system utilizes the heat of the internal combustion engine to realize ammonia reforming hydrogen production, realizes full utilization of energy and provides fuel required by reaction for the fuel cell.
Further, the first valve 12 and the second valve 18 are solenoid valves. Through the setting of solenoid valve, the flow of control liquid that can be accurate reduces and appears the error. That is, by controlling the first valve 12 and the second valve 18, the flow direction of the liquid can be controlled at any time.
Meanwhile, the inner surface of the reforming chamber 13 is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst, so that the reforming chamber can react and generate hydrogen and nitrogen.
In the embodiment, the ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system further comprises a temperature sensor 20, wherein the temperature sensor 20 is used for detecting the temperature of the engine 13; by detecting the temperature of the cooling system, the normal operation of the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and the smooth ammonia reforming are fully ensured. The temperature sensor 20 detects the temperature of the engine 13, when the temperature of the engine 13 reaches the temperature required by ammonia reforming, the second valve 12 is closed, the first valve 18 is opened, and the liquid ammonia enters the evaporation chamber 16, is gasified, enters the reforming chamber 14 coated with an ammonia reforming catalyst on the surface, and reacts to generate hydrogen and nitrogen.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell, and the solid oxide fuel cell has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, no need of using a noble metal as a catalyst, strong fuel adaptability, low noise, and low pollutant emission
In some alternative embodiments, the separator 4 is a palladium membrane separator. The hydrogen and the tail gas can also be separated by adopting a concentrated sulfuric acid chemical method.
In some alternative embodiments, the reformer chamber 14 is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine 13; heat generated by the engine 13 can be transferred into the reformer chamber 14, and the reformer chamber 14 reforms liquid ammonia by the heat to generate hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas.
When the temperature of a high-temperature part engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 is in a small circulation (lower than 70-80 ℃), the temperature is lower, and the internal combustion engine and the hybrid power system are cooled by using cooling liquid. The second valve 18 of the liquid ammonia branch is closed, at this time, liquid ammonia cooling is not used, the thermostat 10 is closed, the first valve 12 is opened, cooling liquid enters the engine 13 through the first pump body 11 and the first valve 12 for cooling, and then circulates through the thermostat 10 and the first pump body 11; when the temperature of the high-temperature part engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 is in a large cycle (generally more than 80 degrees centigrade) but does not reach the ammonia decomposition temperature (generally 600-800 degrees centigrade), the cooling liquid is used for cooling. The second valve 18 is closed, at the moment, liquid ammonia is not used for cooling, the thermostat 10 is opened, the first valve 12 is opened, and cooling liquid enters the engine 13 through the first pump body 11 and the first valve 12 for cooling, then enters the thermostat 10, enters the radiator 9 for heat dissipation and temperature reduction, and then enters the first pump body 11 for circulation; when the temperature of the high-temperature part engine 13 in the internal combustion engine 1 reaches the ammonia decomposition temperature, liquid ammonia cooling is used. In the figure 2, the first valve 12 is closed, the second valve 18 is opened, liquid ammonia enters the evaporation chamber 16 from the liquid ammonia tank 19 through the second valve 18 and the second pump body 17 to be evaporated into ammonia gas, then is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen through the reforming chamber 14 to absorb heat of an engine, then is subjected to heat exchange and cooling through the heat exchanger 3, and enters the separator 4 to be separated out hydrogen.
Hydrogen enters the anode 5 of the fuel cell to provide the fuel cell with required fuel; high-temperature hydrogen which is not completely reacted at the outlet of the anode 5 of the fuel cell enters the second heat exchanger 7 to be subjected to heat exchange and cooling, so that the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced and reaches the requirement of the inlet temperature of the internal combustion engine 1, and the hydrogen after heat exchange enters the internal combustion engine 1 to be combusted, expanded and applied to drive the engine to generate power. Air is used as fuel of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine 1, one part of reactant air directly enters the internal combustion engine to be combusted with hydrogen to do work, and the other part of reactant air enters the third heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with high-temperature tail gas discharged from the outlet of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell, so that the temperature of air at the inlet of the cathode 6 of the fuel cell meets the requirement of the fuel cell. And the reactant air after heat exchange by the third heat exchanger 8 enters the cathode 6 of the fuel cell for reaction, and high-temperature tail gas is discharged.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system for hydrogen production by ammonia reforming is characterized by comprising:
the inlet of the cooling system (2) is communicated with liquid ammonia, and the outlet of the cooling system (2) is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the first heat exchanger (3);
a separator (4), wherein the inlet of the separator is communicated with the hot fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger (3), the outlet of the separator (4) is communicated with the inlet of the anode (5) of the fuel cell, and the anode (5) of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the second heat exchanger (7);
the hot fluid outlet of the second heat exchanger (7) is communicated with the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine (1), the air is communicated with the air inlet of the internal combustion engine (1) and the cold fluid inlet of a third heat exchanger (8), the cold fluid outlet of the third heat exchanger (8) is communicated with the inlet of the cathode (6) of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the cathode (6) of the fuel cell is communicated with the hot fluid inlet of the third heat exchanger (8).
2. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling system (2) comprises:
the liquid ammonia tank (19), the outlet of the liquid ammonia tank (19) is provided with a second valve (18), the second valve (18) is communicated with the inlet of the first pump body (17), and the outlet of the first pump body (17) is communicated with the inlet of the evaporation chamber (16);
a reforming chamber (14), wherein the outlet of the inlet evaporation chamber (16) of the reforming chamber (14) is communicated, and the outlet of the reforming chamber (14) is communicated with the inlet of the first heat exchanger (3);
the outlet of the thermostat (10) is communicated with the inlet of a second pump body (11), and the outlet of the second pump body (11) is communicated with the inlet of a first valve (12);
an engine (13), an inlet of the engine (13) being in communication with an outlet of the first valve (12), an outlet of the engine (13) being in communication with an inlet of the thermostat (10);
the inlet of the radiator (9) is communicated with the outlet of the thermostat (10), and the outlet of the radiator (9) is communicated with the second pump body (11).
3. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system according to claim 2, wherein the first valve (12) and the second valve (18) are solenoid valves.
4. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the inner surface of the reforming chamber (13) is coated with an ammonia reforming hydrogen production catalyst.
5. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system according to claim 4, further comprising a temperature sensor (20), wherein the temperature sensor (20) is used for detecting the temperature of the engine (13).
6. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system of claim 5, wherein the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.
7. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the separator (4) is a palladium membrane separator.
8. The ammonia reforming hydrogen production fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system according to claim 5, characterized in that the reforming chamber (14) is sleeved on the outer wall of the engine (13).
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