CN114745364A - Internet of vehicles data distribution system and method based on MQTT protocol - Google Patents
Internet of vehicles data distribution system and method based on MQTT protocol Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an Internet of vehicles data distribution system based on an MQTT protocol, which comprises 1) a data acquisition end; 2) an MQTT server; the MQTT server communicates with the data acquisition end by using an MQTT protocol; 3) a data distribution module; the message input port is information of an MQTT server, after the information is received, the information of the MQTT server and topic information of the information are obtained, and then an interface of a distribution rule management module is called to obtain a distribution rule; 4) a distribution rule management module; the system is electrically connected with the data distribution module and has the responsibility of managing the distribution rule and matching the distribution rule for the target end; 5) a data consumption end; and the data distribution module distributes the data to the data consumption end to complete data distribution. The data distribution system is a vehicle networking remote data acquisition and distribution system based on a message queue telemetry transmission protocol, and realizes flexible configuration and flexible modification of data to be distributed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vehicle networking communication, in particular to a vehicle networking data distribution system and method based on an MQTT protocol, which uses the MQTT protocol to collect vehicle networking data.
Background
The vehicle networking is a large system network which carries out wireless communication and information exchange between vehicles-X (X: vehicles, roads, pedestrians, the Internet and the like) based on an internal vehicle network, an inter-vehicle network and a vehicle-mounted mobile Internet according to an agreed communication protocol and a data interaction standard, and can realize an integrated network of intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information service and vehicle intelligent control.
In order to meet the requirements of policies such as digital transformation and national and regional standards of automobile enterprises, data acquisition and distribution of the internet of vehicles are increasingly important. In practical application, the types of data generated by vehicles are more, such as various vehicle body ECU signals, new energy national standard data, remote fault diagnosis data and user behavior data, and meanwhile, the vehicle networking data distribution system also needs to forward and process vehicle data of different vehicle types and different service types.
In the prior art, a patent application document of an intelligent distribution method for data in a vehicle networking, such as that provided by application number CN202010938400.2, includes the steps of: step S10, the Internet of vehicles cloud platform collects ECU data of various vehicle types, forms Internet of vehicles data and stores the Internet of vehicles data; step S11, extracting Internet of vehicles data from the Internet of vehicles cloud platform according to a preset sampling frequency or event type, and storing the Internet of vehicles data into a title data list; step S12, according to the type of the pre-generated configuration file, obtaining the Internet of vehicles data corresponding to the configuration file from the title; determining a corresponding data distribution type according to the configuration file and distributing the data distribution type to a data consumption end corresponding to the configuration file; step S13, checking that the data distribution is unsuccessful this time, and performing retransmission processing on the distributed data. The invention also provides a corresponding device and a corresponding system. The invention can flexibly configure the data to be distributed and has the advantages of high reliability, high availability and the like.
This solution, by analysis, is problematic in two respects: 1. the ECU data collection module 20 in the scheme is used for receiving various vehicle body ECU signals collected through the Internet of vehicles, but as the only entry of data, the ECU data collection module is easy to become a performance bottleneck under the condition of high concurrency of big data; 2. the distribution unit 11 in this solution acquires corresponding data from the stored titles and determines the data distribution type according to a pre-generated configuration file. The mode depends on configuration files, the modification mode is not flexible enough, and the operation is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an internet of vehicles data distribution system and method based on an MQTT protocol, which is an internet of vehicles remote data acquisition and distribution system based on a Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, so as to realize flexible configuration and modification of data to be distributed, and quickly meet the data distribution requirements of different data consumption terminals.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the Internet of vehicles data distribution system based on the MQTT protocol is characterized by comprising
1) A data acquisition end; after the data acquisition end selects and finishes the MQTT cluster and the theme topic, the data acquisition end establishes connection with an MQTT server;
2) MQTT server; the MQTT server communicates with the data acquisition end by using an MQTT protocol;
3) a data distribution module; the message input entrance of the module is the information of the MQTT server, after receiving the information, the information of the MQTT server and the topic information of the information are obtained, and then an interface of a distribution rule management module is called to obtain a distribution rule;
4) a distribution rule management module; the system is electrically connected with the data distribution module and mainly has the functions of managing distribution rules and matching the distribution rules for a target end;
5) a data consumption end; the data distribution module is connected with the data consumption end, and the data distribution module distributes the data to the data consumption end to complete data distribution.
Thus, the data distribution system is an internet of vehicles remote data acquisition and distribution system based on a Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, and realizes flexible configuration and modification of data to be distributed.
Further: the data acquisition end is a vehicle, APP or other third party using MQTT protocol.
Further: the data acquisition mode of the acquisition end is to actively send the data to the MQTT server, or to agree with the MQTT server to trigger data acquisition conditions in a specified mode.
Further: the MQTT server is composed of a plurality of MQTT clusters, and the functions mainly comprise the following two points: 1) accessing a data acquisition end and authenticating the identity of the data acquisition end; 2) and receiving the data collected by the data collection end and forwarding the data to the data distribution module.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the specific distribution rule obtained by the data distribution module from the distribution rule management module supports three data distribution ways of tcp, kafka and http.
Further: the working steps of the distribution rule management module comprise the following two steps:
1) and (3) distribution rule management: the method comprises the following steps of realizing the addition, deletion, modification and check of a rule entity, wherein the rule entity comprises attributes such as a consumption end type, a consumption end destination, a vehicle type and a vehicle system, a service type and the like;
2. rule matching: since topic is divided into multiple stages by its name slash, i.e., "/", the module matches each stage individually using regular expressions or wildcards, and eventually the matching result may hit one or more rules.
The Internet of vehicles data distribution method based on the MQTT protocol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the method comprises the steps that an MQTT server of the Internet of vehicles cloud platform receives data sent by a data acquisition end;
2) the data distribution module receives the Internet of vehicles data forwarded by the MQTT server, and the data contains MQTT cluster information and MQTT themes besides effective data;
3) the data distribution module transmits the Internet of vehicles data including MQTT cluster information and MQTT subject information to the distribution rule management module, and the distribution rule management module responds the matched distribution rule to the data distribution module according to the distribution rule matched with the information;
4) and the data distribution module forwards the effective data to the data consumption end according to the distribution rule to complete data distribution.
Therefore, the MQTT server and the data acquisition terminal communicate by using the MQTT protocol, and the accessibility of data can be ensured and the data loss can be prevented by the native release quality characteristic of the MQTT protocol.
Further: the MQTT server adopts a multi-cluster deployment mode and supports the data acquisition end to select different access areas or clusters according to the service type and the data importance degree. Therefore, the blockage of a single channel under the condition of large data volume can be avoided, and the receiving performance of the cloud platform is improved.
Further: each MQTT server receives data of different MQTT topics topic in a multithreading mode. Therefore, the blockage of a single channel under the condition of large data volume can be avoided, and the receiving performance of the cloud platform is improved.
In a word, the Internet of vehicles data distribution system and method based on the MQTT protocol have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is a vehicle networking remote data acquisition and distribution system based on Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, which realizes flexible configuration and flexible modification of data to be distributed;
2. the invention can quickly meet the data distribution requirements of different data consumption terminals;
3. the method and the device can avoid the blockage of a single channel under the condition of large data volume, and improve the receiving performance of the Internet of vehicles cloud platform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a logic flow diagram of a data distribution method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the data distribution system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the logic flow of the data distribution method of the present invention is as follows, including the following steps:
1. the vehicle networking cloud platform MQTT server receives data sent by a data acquisition end (data acquisition module). The data receiving end of the Internet of vehicles cloud platform mainly has two characteristics: firstly, an MQTT server adopts a multi-cluster deployment mode to support a data acquisition end to select different access areas or clusters according to factors such as service types and data importance degrees; secondly, each MQTT server receives data of different MQTT topics (topic) in a multithreading mode. Through the two modes, the blockage of a single channel under the condition of large data volume can be avoided, and the receiving performance of the cloud platform is improved; the multithreading (multithreading) method refers to a technology for realizing concurrent execution of a plurality of threads from software or hardware, and improves the performance of a system by improving the running speed and efficiency of the software.
2. The data distribution module receives the Internet of vehicles data forwarded by the MQTT server, the data comprises MQTT cluster information and an MQTT theme besides effective data, and the module also improves concurrency by using a multithreading technology;
3. the data distribution module transmits the Internet of vehicles data including information such as MQTT cluster information and MQTT topics to the distribution rule management module, and the distribution rule management module responds the matched distribution rule to the data distribution module according to the distribution rule matched with the information. The distribution rule is managed by a special page and supports dynamic configuration;
4. the data distribution module forwards the effective data to a data consumption end (a target end) according to a distribution rule (a distribution strategy)) to complete data distribution.
As shown in fig. 2, the structure of the data distribution device of the present invention mainly includes the following five modules:
1. data acquisition terminal (data acquisition module)
In the car networking system, the role of the end is to communicate with the server using MQTT protocol, which may be a vehicle, APP or other third party using MQTT protocol. The data acquisition mode of the acquisition end can be actively sent to the server, or the acquisition end and the server agree to a specified mode to trigger data acquisition conditions. Before establishing connection with the MQTT server of the Internet of vehicles cloud platform, the data acquisition end needs to acquire or agree on server connection configuration (including information such as server access addresses) and data transmission configuration (including information such as MQTT themes), and then selects a proper MQTT server cluster and an MQTT theme according to configuration contents. After the data acquisition end selects and completes the MQTT cluster and the theme topic, the data acquisition end establishes connection with the MQTT server, and optionally supports authentication modes such as TLS and the like to enhance the safety of data transmission. Furthermore, the data acquisition end interacts with the MQTT server by using a publish message, and the publish message mainly comprises topic and payload. the topic is used for releasing subscription and realizing the forwarding of the MQTT message among different clients; the payload supports binary or text formats, and a specific interactive format is conveniently defined.
2. MQTT server
The MQTT server is deployed on a vehicle networking cloud platform and is composed of a plurality of MQTT clusters, and the functions mainly comprise two points:
1) accessing a data acquisition end and authenticating the identity of the data acquisition end;
2) and receiving the data collected by the data collection end and forwarding the data to the data distribution module.
The MQTT server and the data acquisition end use an MQTT protocol for communication, and the accessibility of data can be ensured and the problem of data loss can be prevented through the native release quality characteristic of the MQTT protocol; and secondly, by using the characteristics of session reservation and the like, the data acquisition end not only ensures real-time data transmission under the good network condition, but also is very practical under the weak network condition, and the process of repeated subscription is avoided.
3. Data distribution module
The message input entrance of the module is the information of the MQTT server, after the information is received, the information of the MQTT server and the topic information of the information are obtained, and then an interface of the distribution rule management module is called to obtain the distribution rule. The obtained specific distribution rule supports three data distribution ways of tcp, kafka and http, and if the distribution way does not exist, the data distribution module is responsible for establishing a new way for distribution.
tcp data distribution route: the data distribution module establishes tcp long connection with the data consumption end according to the ip address and the port and performs data transmission, for example, supporting GB/T32960 and 2016.
http data distribution approach: and the data distribution module transmits data by using an http protocol or an https protocol according to an http interface (containing url and parameters) provided by the data consumption end.
kafka data distribution pathway: a message queue distribution mode supports a data distribution module or a data consumption end to build a kafka cluster, and the other end produces data to a specified kafka theme to achieve the purpose of data transmission.
4. Distribution rule management module
The module has the main responsibilities of managing the distribution rule and matching the distribution rule for a target end, and is electrically connected with the data distribution module, and the working steps mainly comprise two steps:
1. and (3) distribution rule management: the step realizes the addition, deletion, modification and check of the rule entity, wherein the rule entity comprises attributes such as but not limited to a consumer terminal type, a consumer terminal destination, a vehicle type and a vehicle system, a service type and the like. The distribution mode of the data distribution module is various, and three data distribution network approaches of tcp, kafka and http are supported.
2. Rule matching: since topic is divided into multiple stages by its name slash ("/"), the module matches each stage individually using regular expressions or wildcards, and finally the matching result may hit one or more rules;
the module can manage all rules by front-end page visualization, supporting hot-updates. Examples of distribution rules are as follows:
the fields in the example illustrate:
the function of this example is to forward abc/+ rule compliant data for all MQTT clusters to the kafka service ticket with address 127.0.0.1:9092 and the tcp port with address 127.0.0.1: 8000.
5. Data consumption terminal
The data distribution module is connected with the data consumption end behind and can be a plurality of data consumption ends, and the data distribution module distributes data to the data consumption end to complete data distribution; the consumer side keeps consistent with the consumer side configuration in the rule, for example, the rule entity hit by topic matching is kafka consumer side, and the elements recorded in the rule include, but are not limited to, a consumer side destination and a consumer side topic.
The invention is a vehicle networking remote data acquisition and distribution system based on Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, which realizes flexible configuration and flexible modification of data to be distributed; the invention can quickly meet the data distribution requirements of different data consumption terminals.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can be made based on the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. Obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Car networking data distribution system based on MQTT agreement, its characterized in that includes:
a data acquisition end; after the data acquisition end selects and finishes the MQTT cluster and the theme topic, establishing connection with an MQTT server;
an MQTT server; the MQTT server communicates with the data acquisition end by using an MQTT protocol;
a data distribution module; the message input entrance of the module is the information of the MQTT server, after receiving the information, the information of the MQTT server and the topic information of the information are obtained, and then an interface of a distribution rule management module is called to obtain a distribution rule;
a distribution rule management module; the system is electrically connected with the data distribution module and mainly has the functions of managing distribution rules and matching the distribution rules for a target end;
a data consuming end; the data distribution module is connected with the data consumption end, and the data distribution module distributes the data to the data consumption end to complete data distribution.
2. The Internet of vehicles data distribution system based on MQTT protocol of claim 1, characterized in that: the data acquisition end is a vehicle, APP or other third party using MQTT protocol.
3. The vehicle networking data distribution system based on MQTT protocol of claim 1, characterized in that: the data acquisition mode of the acquisition end is to actively send the data to the MQTT server, or to agree with the MQTT server to trigger data acquisition conditions in a specified mode.
4. The internet of vehicles data distribution system based on MQTT protocol of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the MQTT server is composed of a plurality of MQTT clusters, and the functions mainly comprise the following two points: 1) accessing a data acquisition end and authenticating the identity of the data acquisition end; 2) and receiving the data collected by the data collection end and forwarding the data to the data distribution module.
5. The MQTT protocol-based Internet of vehicles data distribution system of claim 4, wherein: the specific distribution rule obtained by the data distribution module from the distribution rule management module supports three data distribution ways of tcp, kafka and http.
6. The internet of vehicles data distribution system based on MQTT protocol of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the working steps of the distribution rule management module comprise the following two steps:
1) and (3) distribution rule management: the method comprises the following steps of realizing the increasing, deleting, modifying and checking of a rule entity, wherein the rule entity comprises attributes such as a consumption end type, a consumption end destination, a vehicle type and a vehicle system, and a service type;
2) rule matching: since topic is divided into multiple stages by its name slash, i.e., "/", the module matches each stage individually using regular expressions or wildcards, and eventually the matching result may hit one or more rules.
7. The Internet of vehicles data distribution method based on the MQTT protocol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the method comprises the steps that an MQTT server of the Internet of vehicles cloud platform receives data sent by a data acquisition end;
2) the data distribution module receives the Internet of vehicles data forwarded by the MQTT server, wherein the data comprises MQTT cluster information and MQTT subjects besides effective data;
3) the data distribution module transmits the Internet of vehicles data including MQTT cluster information and MQTT subject information to the distribution rule management module, and the distribution rule management module responds the matched distribution rule to the data distribution module according to the distribution rule matched with the information;
4) and the data distribution module forwards the effective data to the data consumption end according to the distribution rule to complete data distribution.
8. The vehicle networking data distribution method based on the MQTT protocol of claim 7, wherein: the MQTT server adopts a multi-cluster deployment mode and supports the data acquisition end to select different access areas or clusters according to the service type and the data importance degree.
9. The vehicle networking data distribution method based on the MQTT protocol of claim 7, wherein: each MQTT server receives data of different MQTT topics topic in a multithreading mode.
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