CN114070368B - Uplink precoding method, system and storage medium - Google Patents

Uplink precoding method, system and storage medium Download PDF

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CN114070368B
CN114070368B CN202111254122.XA CN202111254122A CN114070368B CN 114070368 B CN114070368 B CN 114070368B CN 202111254122 A CN202111254122 A CN 202111254122A CN 114070368 B CN114070368 B CN 114070368B
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matrix
calibration
decoupling
uplink
receiving
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CN114070368A (en
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范镇淇
何迎利
赵高峰
王东明
马涛
葛红舞
卢岸
蒋元晨
胡江溢
郭云翔
梁伟
周熠
赵振非
陈民
程程
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Nari Information and Communication Technology Co
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Electric Power Research Institute
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Nari Information and Communication Technology Co
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Electric Power Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region

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Abstract

The invention discloses an uplink precoding method, a system and a storage medium, wherein a calibration matrix, a sending pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix are obtained based on a calibration signal for calibrating a transceiving antenna and a terminal transceiving array hair care of a terminal, the calibration matrix, the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the receiving decoupling matrix are adopted to carry out pre-decoupling and calibration on an initial uplink precoding matrix, a final uplink precoding matrix is obtained, coupling effect interference can be effectively eliminated, uplink calibration is carried out, and uplink transmission performance is enhanced.

Description

Uplink precoding method, system and storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to an uplink precoding method, a system and a storage medium, belonging to the technical field of wireless communication transmission.
Background
In the uplink transmission of the 5G-NR, the uplink capacity can be obviously improved by adopting an uplink multi-antenna technology at the terminal side. Currently, a 5G commercial terminal can adopt 2-4 transmitting antennas, and the uplink multi-antenna precoding of 5G-NR can adopt codebook-based precoding or non-codebook precoding depending on reciprocity. However, in an actual commercial terminal, due to a limitation in size of a terminal side, the multi-antenna array has a coupling effect, which may degrade an uplink transmission performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an uplink precoding method, a system and a storage medium, which solve the problem that the coupling effect reduces the uplink transmission performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an uplink precoding method includes:
acquiring a calibration matrix, a transmitting pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix according to calibration signals mutually transmitted between a terminal calibration transmitting-receiving antenna and a terminal transmitting-receiving array;
decoupling the downlink channel matrix by adopting a receiving decoupling matrix;
calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix;
and performing pre-decoupling and calibration on the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink pre-coding matrix, and performing uplink pre-coding according to the final uplink pre-coding matrix.
The calibration matrix is:
Figure BDA0003323306110000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003323306110000022
to calibrate the matrix, y l For calibration signals, x, received by the transmit-receive array side of the terminal l The calibration signal received by the calibration transmit receive antenna for the terminal is divided by the corresponding element representing the vector.
Receive a decoupling matrix of
Figure BDA0003323306110000023
Wherein U is>
Figure BDA0003323306110000024
Characteristic matrix of (U) H Is the conjugate of U, and Λ is ^>
Figure BDA0003323306110000025
Is determined by the characteristic value of the sensor, and the diagonal matrix is formed by the characteristic values of (4)>
Figure BDA0003323306110000026
And receiving the autocorrelation matrix of the calibration signal for the terminal transceiving array side.
Transmitting a pre-decoupling matrix of
Figure BDA0003323306110000027
Wherein the content of the first and second substances, U is greater or less>
Figure BDA0003323306110000028
Characteristic matrix of (U) * Is the conjugate of U, and Λ is->
Figure BDA0003323306110000029
Is determined by the characteristic value of the sensor, and the diagonal matrix is formed by the characteristic values of (4)>
Figure BDA00033233061100000210
And receiving the autocorrelation matrix of the calibration signal for the terminal transceiving array side.
Calculating an initial uplink precoding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix, including:
and calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting a non-codebook pre-coding method according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix.
The non-codebook precoding method includes a zero-forcing precoding method, a maximum ratio transmission precoding method or a regularized zero-forcing precoding method.
Pre-decoupling and calibrating the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting a sending pre-decoupling matrix and a calibration matrix to generate a final uplink pre-coding matrix, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and multiplying the initial uplink precoding matrix, the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink precoding matrix.
An uplink precoding system comprising:
a calibration signal module: acquiring a calibration matrix, a transmitting pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix according to calibration signals mutually transmitted between a terminal calibration transmitting-receiving antenna and a terminal transmitting-receiving array;
a receive decoupling module: decoupling a downlink channel matrix by adopting a receiving decoupling matrix;
a pre-coding calculation module: calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix;
sending a pre-decoupling-calibration module: and performing pre-decoupling and calibration on the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink pre-coding matrix, and performing uplink pre-coding according to the final uplink pre-coding matrix.
The calibration matrix is:
Figure BDA0003323306110000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003323306110000032
to calibrate the matrix, y l For calibration signals, x, received by the transmit-receive array side of the terminal l The calibration signal received by the calibration transmit receive antenna is divided by the corresponding element representing the vector for the terminal.
A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform an upstream precoding method.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a calibration matrix, sending a pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix based on a calibration signal for calibrating the hair care of a transceiving antenna and a terminal transceiving array of a terminal, decoupling a downlink channel matrix by adopting the receiving decoupling matrix, calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix, pre-decoupling and calibrating the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to obtain a final uplink pre-coding matrix, performing uplink pre-coding, effectively eliminating coupling effect interference by sending the pre-decoupling matrix and the receiving decoupling matrix, and performing uplink calibration by using the calibration matrix to enhance the uplink transmission performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an uplink precoding method;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing uplink spectra;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the terminal.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, an uplink precoding method includes the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a calibration matrix, a transmitting pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix according to calibration signals mutually transmitted between a terminal calibration transmitting and receiving antenna and a terminal transmitting and receiving array;
step 2, decoupling the downlink channel matrix by adopting a receiving decoupling matrix;
step 3, calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix;
and 4, pre-decoupling and calibrating the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink pre-coding matrix, and performing uplink pre-coding according to the final uplink pre-coding matrix.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining a calibration matrix, sending a pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix based on calibration signals for hair care of a terminal calibration receiving and sending antenna and a terminal receiving and sending array, decoupling a downlink channel matrix by adopting the receiving decoupling matrix, calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix, pre-decoupling and calibrating the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix, obtaining a final uplink pre-coding matrix, carrying out uplink pre-coding, effectively eliminating coupling effect interference by sending the pre-decoupling matrix and the receiving decoupling matrix, and carrying out uplink calibration by the calibration matrix, thereby enhancing uplink transmission performance.
The following theoretical analysis is carried out on the existing terminal communication:
according to the antenna theory and channel modeling, for the terminal side, the uplink channel can be modeled as:
H U ＝HQC UE,t
h is an air interface channel, Q is a coupling matrix between terminal side transmitting antennas, and C UE,t The coefficient of the channel is sent by the terminal side, and is a diagonal matrix.
Similarly, the uplink channel is modeled as:
H D ＝C UE,r Q T H T
wherein, C UE,r The coefficients for the terminal side receive path are a diagonal matrix, and T is transposed.
The air interface channel has reciprocity, according to the antenna theory, through the design of the matching network, the coupling matrix of the receiving and transmitting antenna has reciprocity, and there are:
Q＝Q T
therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
H D ＝C UE,r QH T
due to the terminal size limitation, it is generally difficult to achieve the ideal coupling matrix of the identity matrix. This coupling effect can reduce the capacity of the MIMO channel. Since the coupling matrix has long-term stability, it can be compensated by the baseband algorithm.
In order to eliminate coupling, the structure of the terminal needs to be adjusted, a calibration transceiver antenna is added on the terminal, the calibration transceiver antenna and an original calibration signal, which is mutually transmitted by the terminal, are generally an air interface calibration signal, and a calibration signal received by the terminal calibration transceiver antenna can be represented as:
x l ＝C UE,t Qh l +z t,l
wherein x is l Calibrating the calibration signal received by the transmitting and receiving antenna for the terminal, h l For small scale fading, z t,l Is noise.
The calibration signal received by the transceiver array side of the terminal can be expressed as:
y l ＝C UE,r Qh l +z t,l
wherein, y l And transmitting and receiving the calibration signal received by the array side for the terminal.
Will y l Is correspondingly divided by x l The calibration matrix can be obtained as:
Figure BDA0003323306110000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003323306110000061
to calibrate the matrix, divide the corresponding elements representing the vector, meaning that the vectors form a diagonal matrix.
Considering that the calibration matrix and the coupling matrix between channels remain unchanged for a long time and usually change in the order of hours, y can be obtained by collecting multiple symbols and multiple subcarriers l Autocorrelation matrix:
Figure BDA0003323306110000062
/>
wherein L is the number of the collected subcarriers, Z r Is a noise matrix.
It can be seen that the small-scale Rayleigh fading is averaged when the number of signals acquired is sufficiently large, i.e.: l → ∞ time, then,
Figure BDA0003323306110000063
from the above principle we can estimate that:
Figure BDA0003323306110000064
and are aligned with
Figure BDA0003323306110000065
And (3) carrying out characteristic value decomposition:
Figure BDA0003323306110000066
wherein U is
Figure BDA0003323306110000067
Characteristic matrix of (U) H Is the conjugate of U, and Λ is ^>
Figure BDA0003323306110000068
The matrix U and the matrix Λ can be used for downlink decoupling and uplink pre-decoupling.
According to a downlink channel matrix H D ＝C UE,r QH T The expression (2) shows that the downlink received signal is multiplied by the receiving decoupling matrix
Figure BDA0003323306110000069
The coupling at the terminal side in the downstream channel matrix can be removed, wherein the coupling is taken off>
Figure BDA00033233061100000610
The diagonal elements of Λ are root-signed and inverted.
According to an uplink channel matrix H U ＝HQC UE,t By the expression (2), the upstream transmission signal is multiplied by the pre-decoupling
Figure BDA00033233061100000611
And the matrix can eliminate the coupling of the uplink transmitting end.
Since the downlink receiving signal is easy to collect, the downlink channel matrix is decoupled (the downlink channel matrix is multiplied by the receiving decoupling matrix) and the receiving decoupling matrix can be directly adopted
Figure BDA0003323306110000071
The method comprises the steps of decoupling downlink receiving signals, inevitably decoupling downlink channel matrixes after the downlink receiving signals are decoupled, calculating an initial uplink precoding matrix by adopting a non-codebook precoding method, and multiplying the initial uplink precoding matrix, a sending pre-decoupling matrix and a calibration matrix to generate a final uplink precoding matrix.
If the precoding method adopts a codebook precoding method, an initial uplink precoding matrix can be directly obtained according to a downlink channel and a codebook, or the initial uplink precoding matrix is generated according to a code word indicated by a base station, and the downlink channel matrix is not required to be decoupled through receiving a decoupling matrix.
The non-codebook precoding method comprises a zero-forcing precoding method, a maximum ratio transmission precoding method or a regularized zero-forcing precoding method; the decoupling and calibration principles are described below with zero-forcing precoding as an example:
the decoupled downlink received signal is represented as:
Figure BDA0003323306110000072
wherein, we assume that:
Figure BDA0003323306110000073
Figure BDA0003323306110000074
then, the zero-forcing precoding matrix is,
Figure BDA0003323306110000075
the pre-decoupling and calibration can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003323306110000076
by multiplying the expression of the uplink channel matrix with the above matrix, it can be found that,
Figure BDA0003323306110000081
among them, we utilized the following methods,
Q＝Q T ，
Figure BDA0003323306110000082
U T U * ＝I，V * V T ＝I
namely, the method can realize decoupling and reciprocity precoding among antennas.
Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the spectrum efficiency after the coupling exists in the uplink and the decoupling is performed by the method, wherein the terminal adopts 4-transmission and 4-reception in the simulation, and the base station also adopts 4-transmission and 4-reception. It can be seen that, typically, the above method can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by 2dB, and the spectral efficiency is improved by more than 10%.
The invention also discloses a software system of the method, and an uplink precoding system comprises the following steps:
a calibration signal module: and acquiring a calibration matrix, a transmitting pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix according to calibration signals mutually transmitted between the terminal calibration transmitting and receiving antenna and the terminal transmitting and receiving array.
As shown in fig. 3, the module can be divided into two modules, one is a calibration matrix calculation module, for obtaining a calibration matrix,
the calibration matrix is:
Figure BDA0003323306110000083
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003323306110000084
to calibrate the matrix, y l For calibration signals, x, received by the transmit-receive array side of the terminal l The calibration signal received by the calibration transmit receive antenna is divided by the corresponding element representing the vector for the terminal.
One is a decoupling matrix calculation module for obtaining a transmit pre-decoupling matrix and a receive decoupling matrix.
A receiving decoupling module: and the receiving decoupling matrix is adopted to decouple the downlink channel matrix, and the downlink receiving signals can be directly decoupled.
A precoding calculation module: and calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix.
Sending a pre-decoupling-calibration module: and performing pre-decoupling and calibration on the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink pre-coding matrix, and performing uplink pre-coding according to the final uplink pre-coding matrix.
A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform an upstream precoding method.
A computing device comprising one or more processors, one or more memories, and one or more programs stored in the one or more memories and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing an upstream precoding method.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention has been described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.

Claims (9)

1. An uplink precoding method, comprising:
acquiring a calibration matrix, a transmitting pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix according to calibration signals mutually transmitted between a terminal calibration transmitting-receiving antenna and a terminal transmitting-receiving array; wherein the receiving decoupling matrix is
Figure FDA0003892781860000011
Wherein U is
Figure FDA0003892781860000012
Characteristic matrix of (U) H Is a conjugate transpose of U, and Λ is
Figure FDA0003892781860000013
The characteristic values of (a) form a diagonal matrix,
Figure FDA0003892781860000014
receiving an autocorrelation matrix of a calibration signal for a terminal transmit-receive array side;
decoupling a downlink channel matrix by adopting a receiving decoupling matrix;
calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix;
and performing pre-decoupling and calibration on the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink pre-coding matrix, and performing uplink pre-coding according to the final uplink pre-coding matrix.
2. The uplink precoding method of claim 1, wherein the calibration matrix is:
Figure FDA0003892781860000015
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003892781860000016
to calibrate the matrix, y l For the terminal receiving and transmitting the calibration signal received by the array side, x l The calibration signal received by the calibration transmit receive antenna is divided by the corresponding element representing the vector for the terminal.
3. The uplink precoding method of claim 1, wherein the transmission pre-decoupling matrix is
Figure FDA0003892781860000017
Wherein U is
Figure FDA0003892781860000018
Characteristic moment ofArray, U * Is the conjugate of U, Λ is
Figure FDA0003892781860000019
The characteristic values of (a) form a diagonal matrix,
Figure FDA00038927818600000110
and receiving the autocorrelation matrix of the calibration signal for the terminal transceiving array side.
4. The uplink precoding method of claim 1, wherein calculating an initial uplink precoding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix comprises:
and calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting a non-codebook pre-coding method according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix.
5. The uplink precoding method of claim 4, wherein the non-codebook precoding method comprises a zero-forcing precoding method, a maximum ratio transmission precoding method or a regularized zero-forcing precoding method.
6. The uplink precoding method of claim 1, wherein the pre-decoupling and calibrating the initial uplink precoding matrix by using the transmission pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink precoding matrix, comprises:
and multiplying the initial uplink precoding matrix, the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink precoding matrix.
7. An uplink precoding system, comprising:
a calibration signal module: acquiring a calibration matrix, a transmitting pre-decoupling matrix and a receiving decoupling matrix according to calibration signals mutually transmitted between a terminal calibration transmitting-receiving antenna and a terminal transmitting-receiving array; wherein the receiving decoupling matrix is
Figure FDA0003892781860000021
Wherein U is
Figure FDA0003892781860000022
Characteristic matrix of (U) H Is a conjugate transpose of U, Λ is
Figure FDA0003892781860000023
The characteristic values of (a) form a diagonal matrix,
Figure FDA0003892781860000024
receiving an autocorrelation matrix of a calibration signal for a terminal transmit-receive array side;
a receiving decoupling module: decoupling the downlink channel matrix by adopting a receiving decoupling matrix;
a precoding calculation module: calculating an initial uplink pre-coding matrix according to the decoupled downlink channel matrix;
sending a pre-decoupling-calibration module: and performing pre-decoupling and calibration on the initial uplink pre-coding matrix by adopting the sending pre-decoupling matrix and the calibration matrix to generate a final uplink pre-coding matrix, and performing uplink pre-coding according to the final uplink pre-coding matrix.
8. The uplink precoding system of claim 7, wherein the calibration matrix is:
Figure FDA0003892781860000025
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003892781860000026
to calibrate the matrix, y l For calibration signals, x, received by the transmit-receive array side of the terminal l The calibration signal received by the calibration transmit receive antenna is divided by the corresponding element representing the vector for the terminal.
9. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, characterized in that: the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform any of the methods of claims 1-6.
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