CN114006178B - Planar reflection array antenna for wireless energy transmission - Google Patents

Planar reflection array antenna for wireless energy transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114006178B
CN114006178B CN202111363613.8A CN202111363613A CN114006178B CN 114006178 B CN114006178 B CN 114006178B CN 202111363613 A CN202111363613 A CN 202111363613A CN 114006178 B CN114006178 B CN 114006178B
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square ring
delay line
wireless energy
array antenna
disc
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CN114006178A (en
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苏东平
张淮清
王加鹏
肖辉
陈威浩
肖冬萍
李鑫源
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Chongqing University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a planar reflection array antenna for wireless energy transmission, which comprises a planar reflection array formed by periodically arranging a plurality of antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a patch unit fixed on a dielectric substrate, each patch unit comprises a disc and four groups of phase delay lines surrounding the periphery of the disc, and two adjacent groups of phase delay lines are disconnected; the center of the disc is hollowed to form a closed square ring, the resonance square ring is nested outside the closed square ring layer by layer, the resonance square ring is hollowed on the disc, and the hollowing is stopped at each central position of four edges of the closed square ring to form a gap; each group of phase delay lines comprises an inner delay line and an outer delay line which are parallel to each other, and the length of the outer delay line is greater than that of the inner delay line; the edge of the disk is opposite to the gap of the resonance square ring and extends out of the connecting line, and the connecting line vertically penetrates through the inner delay line and extends to the outer delay line. The invention overcomes the adverse effects on wireless energy transmission caused by unstable frequency points and low caliber efficiency.

Description

Planar reflection array antenna for wireless energy transmission
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless energy transmission, and particularly relates to an antenna for wireless energy transceiving.
Background
Along with the gradual shortage of traditional energy, people pay more and more attention to the utilization of solar energy, and microwaves can be used as a solar energy long-distance wireless energy transmission carrier, so that a wireless energy transmission (WPT) technology based on electromagnetism and a radio wave theory has a good application prospect. The transmitting end of the wireless energy may be implemented by a variety of antenna structures, such as parabolic antennas, phased array antennas, planar reflective array antennas, and the like. The parabolic antenna is large in size, the curved surface is difficult to process, the phased array antenna feed network is complex and high in loss, the planar reflection array antenna combines the technical advantages of the parabolic antenna and the phased array antenna, the feed is simple, the cost is low, the processing is easy, and the assembly and the transportation are convenient. However, the frequency point of the existing planar reflection array antenna is unstable due to factors such as materials, assembly, size and the like, so that the normal transmission of power is influenced, and in addition, the aperture efficiency of the planar reflection array antenna is low, so that the application of the planar reflection array antenna in the field of wireless energy transmission is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the invention provides a plane reflection antenna for wireless energy transmission, and solves the problem of how to overcome the adverse effects on the wireless energy transmission caused by unstable frequency points and low caliber efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a planar reflection array antenna for wireless energy transmission, which comprises a feed source and a planar reflection array formed by periodically arranging a plurality of antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a patch unit fixed on a dielectric substrate, each patch unit comprises a disk and four groups of phase delay lines surrounding the periphery of the disk, and two adjacent groups of phase delay lines are disconnected; the center of the disc is hollowed to form a closed square ring, the resonant square ring is nested outside the closed square ring layer by layer, the resonant square ring is hollowed on the disc, and the hollowing is stopped at each central position of four edges of the closed square ring to form a gap; each group of phase delay lines comprises an inner delay line and an outer delay line which are parallel to each other, and the length of the outer delay line is greater than that of the inner delay line; the edge of the disk is opposite to the gap of the resonance square ring and extends out of the connecting line, and the connecting line vertically penetrates through the inner delay line and extends to the outer delay line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the annular structures in the multi-resonance structure in the prior art are all solid bodies and are formed by enclosing strip-shaped patches, and gaps among the strip-shaped patches are gaps of the annular structures. However, the invention adopts the hollowed-out resonance square ring to form a multi-resonance structure, and the gap is an entity, thereby improving the bandwidth and simultaneously keeping higher caliber efficiency.
2. In the prior art, a single frequency point is adopted to transmit wireless energy, the antenna is required to be stable on the designed single frequency point, but the difference of materials, assembly, size and the like can cause the actual frequency point to deviate from the designed frequency point, so that different frequencies of a transmitting end and a receiving end are easily caused, and the wireless energy cannot be normally transmitted. The multi-resonance structure of the invention reaches the phase adjustment range of 360 degrees, and phase shift curves with different frequencies are parallel by matching with 4 groups of peripheral phase delay lines, thereby improving the bandwidth and enabling wireless energy to carry out broadband transmission.
3. The invention improves the caliber efficiency, the higher the caliber efficiency is, the higher the power which can be transmitted is, and simultaneously improves the bandwidth to carry out broadband transmission on the wireless energy, thereby overcoming the adverse effect on the wireless energy transmission caused by unstable frequency points and low caliber efficiency and achieving the effect of stably, reliably and efficiently transmitting the wireless energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar reflective array;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a patch unit;
FIG. 3 is a graph of phase shift in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a phase profile of the offset fed wavefront in example 1;
FIG. 5 is the E plane directional diagram of the planar reflective array in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the maximum gain at different frequencies in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the phase shift curves of the disk patch with a closed square resonant ring of example 1 of the medium solid disk patch;
FIG. 8 is a graph of phase shift in example 2;
FIG. 9 is a phase profile of the offset fed reflected front in example 2;
FIG. 10 is an E plane directional diagram of a planar reflective array in example 2;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the maximum gain at different frequencies in example 2;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the phase shift in example 3;
FIG. 13 is a phase profile of an offset-fed wavefront in example 3;
FIG. 14 is the E plane directional diagram of the planar reflective array in example 3;
fig. 15 is a graph of the maximum gain at different frequencies in example 3.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a planar reflective array antenna for wireless energy transmission includes a feed source and a planar reflective array formed by periodically arranging a plurality of antenna units, each antenna unit includes a patch unit fixed on a dielectric substrate, the patch unit includes a circular disc and four sets of phase delay lines surrounding the circular disc, and two adjacent sets of phase delay lines are disconnected; the center of the disc is hollowed to form a closed square ring, the resonant square ring is nested outside the closed square ring layer by layer, the resonant square ring is hollowed on the disc, and the hollowing is stopped at each central position of four edges of the closed square ring to form a gap; each group of phase delay lines comprises an inner delay line and an outer delay line which are parallel to each other, and the length of the outer delay line is greater than that of the inner delay line; a connecting line extends out of a gap, which is opposite to the resonant square ring, of the edge of the disk, and the connecting line vertically penetrates through the inner delay line and extends to the outer delay line.
Based on the basic structure of the plane reflection array, relevant parameters of the antenna unit are adjusted through simulation software so as to meet design requirements on aperture efficiency and bandwidth.
Example 1
Length L of external delay line 1 Is the length L of the inner delay line 2 2 times of the length of the antenna unit, wherein L is 0.3 lambda, lambda is the wavelength, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is epsilon 2, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is h 1mm, the number of layers of the resonance square ring is 3, and the diameter R of the disc is 1 Is 14mm, the width W of the phase delay line 1 Is 0.5mm.
Fig. 3 is a phase shift graph of embodiment 1, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that phase curves of different frequencies are approximately parallel, thereby increasing the bandwidth, so that wireless energy is transmitted in a broadband manner.
Fig. 4 is a phase distribution diagram of the reflective array unit in embodiment 1, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that a phase adjustment range of 360 degrees is achieved.
FIG. 5 is the E-plane directional diagram of the planar reflect array antenna of example 1 operating at 5.8GHz, from which it can be seen that the gain is approximately equal to 26.8dB
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the maximum gain of the planar reflective array antenna of example 1 at different frequencies, from which it can be seen that the bandwidth is 12.4%
Caliber efficiency
Figure BDA0003360149100000031
G is a gain; λ is the wavelength, which gives 51.72mm from the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. A is the physical area of the antenna. Therefore, the aperture efficiency can be calculated from the gain, which is 26.8dB from the E-plane pattern 5.
Therefore, the aperture efficiency of the planar reflective array antenna in this embodiment is 45.16%, and the bandwidth is 12.4%.
The phase shift curves for the solid disk patch and the disk patch with the closed resonant square ring in this embodiment are linear over a larger size range and are more gradual, demonstrating better phase shift characteristics, as shown in fig. 7, for example. This means that in actual machining, dimensional errors will have less effect on the phase.
Example 2
Length L of outer delay line 1 Is the length L of the inner delay line 2 3 times of the length of the antenna unit, wherein L is 0.4 lambda, lambda is the wavelength, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.5 epsilon, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 1.5mm, the number of layers of the resonance square ring is 3, and the diameter R of the disc is 1 Is 14mm, the width W of the phase delay line 1 0.5mm。
Fig. 8 is a phase shift graph of example 2, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the phase curves for different frequencies are approximately parallel.
Fig. 9 is a phase distribution diagram of the reflective array unit in embodiment 2, and it can be seen that a phase adjustment range of 360 degrees is achieved.
FIG. 10 is the E-plane pattern for example 2 operating at 5.8GHz, where it can be seen that the gain is approximately 26.9dB.
Fig. 11 is a graph of the maximum gain at different frequencies for example 2, from which it can be seen that the bandwidth is 15.1%.
Caliber efficiency
Figure BDA0003360149100000041
G is a gain; λ is the wavelength, which gives 51.72mm from the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. A is the physical area of the antenna. Therefore, aperture efficiency can be calculated from the gain, which is 26.9dB from E-plane pattern 10.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the aperture efficiency of the planar reflective array antenna is 46.21%, and the bandwidth: 15.1 percent.
Example 3
Length L of external delay line 1 Is the length L of the inner delay line 2 4 times of the length of the antenna unit, wherein L is 0.5 lambda, lambda is the wavelength, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate is epsilon 3, the thickness of the substrate is h 2mm, the number of layers of the resonance square ring is 3, and the diameter R of the disc is 1 Is 14mm, the width W of the phase delay line 1 0.5mm。
Fig. 12 is a phase shift graph of example 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the phase curves for different frequencies are approximately parallel.
Fig. 13 is a phase distribution diagram of the reflective array unit in embodiment 3, and it can be seen that a phase adjustment range of 360 degrees is achieved.
FIG. 14 is the E-plane pattern of the planar reflective array of example 3 operating at 5.8GHz, where it can be seen that the gain is approximately equal to 26.4dB
Fig. 15 is a graph of the maximum gain of the planar reflective array antenna in example 3 at different frequencies, and it can be seen that the bandwidth is 13.6%.
Caliber efficiency
Figure BDA0003360149100000042
G is a gain; λ is the wavelength, which gives 51.72mm from the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. A is the physical area of the antenna. Therefore, aperture efficiency can be calculated from the gain, which is 26.4dB from E-plane pattern 14.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the aperture efficiency of the planar reflective array antenna is 42.14%, and the bandwidth: 13.6 percent.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a plane reflection array antenna for wireless energy transmission, includes the feed and the plane reflection array that forms by a plurality of antenna element periodic arrangement, every antenna element all includes the paster unit of fixing on the dielectric substrate, its characterized in that: the patch unit comprises a disc and four groups of phase delay lines surrounding the periphery of the disc, and the adjacent two groups of phase delay lines are disconnected; the center of the disc is hollowed to form a closed square ring, the resonant square ring is nested outside the closed square ring layer by layer, the resonant square ring is hollowed on the disc, and the hollowing is stopped at each central position of four edges of the closed square ring to form a gap; each group of phase delay lines comprises an inner delay line and an outer delay line which are parallel to each other, the length of the outer delay line is greater than that of the inner delay line, and the length of the outer delay line is 2 to 4 times that of the inner delay line; the edge of the disk is opposite to the gap of the resonance square ring and extends out of the connecting line, and the connecting line vertically penetrates through the inner delay line and extends to the outer delay line.
2. The planar reflective array antenna for wireless energy transfer of claim 1, wherein: the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is epsilon, wherein the epsilon ranges from 2 to 3, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is h, and the h ranges from 1 to 2mm.
3. A planar reflective array antenna for wireless energy transfer according to claim 1, wherein: the feed mode of the feed source is offset feed, and the array beam of the reflection array antenna is directed to be vertical to the array surface.
4. A planar reflective array antenna for wireless energy transfer according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the resonance square rings and the size of the resonance square rings are controlled to enable the resonance square rings to be coupled to a set working frequency band.
5. A planar reflective array antenna for wireless energy transfer according to claim 1, wherein: the outer delay lines of each set of phase delay lines are of equal length, and the inner delay lines of each set of phase delay lines are of equal length.
6. A planar reflective array antenna for wireless energy transfer according to claim 1, wherein: the closed square ring is square.
7. The planar reflective array antenna for wireless energy transfer of claim 1, wherein: the resonance square ring is integrally square.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7791552B1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2010-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Cellular reflectarray antenna and method of making same

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TWI273739B (en) * 2005-11-09 2007-02-11 Tatung Co Reflection plate with variable size of trough hole
CN105140655B (en) * 2015-07-31 2018-03-23 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 A kind of reflective array antenna based on phase delay line style reflector element
US10670711B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2020-06-02 Planet Labs Inc. Systems for synthetic aperture radar transmit and receive antennas

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7791552B1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2010-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Cellular reflectarray antenna and method of making same

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