CN111864385B - Dual-beam dual-circular polarization resonant cavity antenna based on super surface - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
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Abstract
The invention provides a dual-beam dual-circularly-polarized resonant cavity antenna based on a super surface, which is used for solving the technical problem that the communication quality is influenced by the coupling generated by the same radiation beam polarization in the prior art, and comprises a feed source antenna, a partial reflection super surface and a supporting structure; the feed source comprises a first metal patch, a first dielectric substrate, a metal grounding plate with a first leaky wave gap etched in the center, a second dielectric substrate and a feed microstrip line; the partial reflection super-surface comprises first H-shaped metal patches which are periodically arranged, a third dielectric substrate, second metal patches which are used for etching second leakage gaps which are periodically arranged, a fourth dielectric substrate and second H-shaped metal patches which are periodically arranged, each first H-shaped metal patch is connected with each second H-shaped metal patch through a metalized through hole, the rotation angle of each first H-shaped metal patch is determined by the phase compensation value of the position of the first H-shaped metal patch, and the first H-shaped metal patches are used for converting and splitting linear polarized waves radiated by the feed source into left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand circularly polarized waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a resonant cavity antenna, and particularly relates to a dual-beam dual-circularly-polarized resonant cavity antenna based on a super surface, which can be used in the fields of wireless communication, radar and the like.
Technical Field
The resonant cavity antenna is used as a high-gain antenna, has the advantages of simple feed, low processing cost and the like, and is widely applied to antenna base stations and radar communication systems. The resonant cavity antenna design is that a cover plate with partial reflection characteristic is added above the microstrip antenna, and the structure can realize in-phase superposed high-gain radiation when electromagnetic waves meeting resonance conditions pass through the partial reflection cover plate. The main design goal of conventional cavity antennas is to achieve single beam high gain radiation. However, in the face of the complex communication environment, the traditional single-beam high-gain cavity antenna is increasingly difficult to meet the communication requirement, so that the antenna is expected to realize dual-beam or multi-beam radiation.
In order to solve the technical problem that the resonant cavity antenna is designed to realize single-beam radiation in a multi-part mode, the existing research utilizes a super-surface structure to regulate and control electromagnetic waves, and the resonant cavity antenna with dual-beam radiation is realized. For example, in the invention patent of the publication No. CN 106961012B entitled "low profile dual beam frequency-swept resonant cavity antenna based on super surface", a dual beam frequency-swept resonant cavity antenna based on super surface is disclosed, which comprises a feed antenna and a partial reflection cover plate, wherein the partial reflection cover plate is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of reflection units and is arranged above the feed antenna in parallel, the partial reflection cover plate has a frequency control beam scanning characteristic, the beam regulation of the resonant cavity antenna can be realized by regulating the resonance frequency, and the antenna can be split into two beams with a certain included angle from a pen-shaped beam along with the change of the resonance frequency, so as to realize the radiation characteristic of dual beam scanning. However, the two generated radiation beams are all in the same polarization, and different polarization modulation of different beams cannot be realized, so that coupling between the beams can be easily generated to influence the communication quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a dual-beam dual-circularly-polarized resonant cavity antenna based on a super surface, which is used for solving the technical problem that the communication quality is influenced by the coupling generated by the same radiation beam polarization of the conventional dual-beam resonant cavity antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises a feed source 1, a partial reflection super surface 2 and a support structure 3, wherein:
the feed source 1 comprises a first dielectric substrate 11 and a second dielectric substrate 12 which are stacked up and down; a first metal patch 13 is printed at the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 11; the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 12 is printed with a metal ground plate 14 with a first leaky wave slot 141 etched at the center, the lower surface is printed with a feed microstrip line 15, and the feed microstrip line 15 and the center line of the first leaky wave slot 141 form a spatial intersection;
the partial reflection super surface 2 comprises a third dielectric substrate 21 and a fourth dielectric substrate 22 which are stacked up and down; the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 21 is printed with M × N first H-shaped metal patches 211 which are periodically arranged, M is greater than or equal to 8, N is greater than or equal to 8, each first H-shaped metal patch 211 rotates around any point on a cross arm, and the rotation direction is according to a phase compensation value phi of the position of the first H-shaped metal patch 211P(x, y) determining to achieve dual beam dual circular polarization characteristics; the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 22 is printed with second metal patches 221 for etching M × N second leaky wave slits 2211 which are periodically arranged, and the lower surface is printed with M × N second H-shaped metal patches 222 which are periodically arranged; each first H-shaped metal patch 211 printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 21 is connected with a second H-shaped metal patch 222 printed on the corresponding position on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 22 through a metalized through hole 23; the phase compensation value phi of the position of each first H-shaped metal patch 211PThe formula for the calculation of (x, y) is:
where k is a wave number in a free space, x and y are a central coordinate of each first H-type metal patch 211, theta and
are respectively resonant cavity daysPitch and azimuth of the line beam, phi0Is an arbitrary constant phase value;
the partial reflection super surface 2 is fixed above the feed source 1 through a support structure 3 made of non-metal materials to form a resonant cavity.
In the dual-beam dual-circularly-polarized resonant cavity antenna based on the super-surface, the central normals of the first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric substrate 12, the third dielectric substrate 21 and the fourth dielectric substrate 22 are coincident.
In the dual-beam dual-circularly-polarized resonant cavity antenna based on the super-surface, the central point of the first metal patch 13 is located on the central normal of the first dielectric substrate 11.
In the dual-beam dual-circularly-polarized resonant cavity antenna based on the super-surface, the first H-shaped metal patch 211, which rotates around the rotation axis at any point on the cross arm, coincides with the central axis of the metalized via hole 23.
In the dual-beam dual-circular polarization resonant cavity antenna based on the super-surface, the distance between the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 12 and the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 22 is h, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the lambda is the working wavelength,
for the reflection coefficient phase values of the partially reflective meta-surface 2,
is the reflection coefficient phase value of the metallic ground plate 14.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the upper surface of the third medium substrate is printed with M multiplied by N first H-shaped metal patches which are periodically arranged, each first H-shaped metal patch rotates around any point on the cross arm, the rotating direction is determined according to the phase compensation value of the position of the first H-shaped metal patch, the wave beam splitting and polarization conversion can be carried out on the linearly polarized electromagnetic wave radiated by the feed source, and finally the resonant cavity antenna radiates a left-hand circularly polarized wave and a right-hand circularly polarized wave.
2. The partially-reflective super-surface can simultaneously convert linearly polarized waves radiated by the feed source into left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand circularly polarized waves, and simultaneously gives consideration to two functions of wave splitting design and polarization conversion compared with the prior art which can only split the linearly polarized waves into two linearly polarized radiation beams.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feed antenna structure of the present invention, wherein fig. 2(a) is a bottom view of the feed antenna, and fig. 2(b) is a front view of the feed antenna;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial reflection super-surface structure of the present invention, wherein fig. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a first H-shaped metal patch, fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a second metal patch, and fig. 3(c) is a schematic diagram of a second H-shaped metal patch;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the phase of reflection of a partially reflective metasurface in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the reflection coefficient of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern at a frequency of 15.0GHz in accordance with a specific embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is an axial ratio at a frequency of 15.0GHz for a specific embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention comprises a feed 1, a partially reflective super surface 2 and a support structure 3.
The feed source 1 comprises a first dielectric substrate 11 and a second dielectric substrate 12 which are stacked up and down; a first metal patch 13 is printed at the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 11; the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 12 is printed with a metal ground plate 14 with a first leaky wave slot 141 etched at the center, the lower surface is printed with a feed microstrip line 15, and the feed microstrip line 15 and the center line of the first leaky wave slot 141 form a spatial intersection;
the partial reflection super surface 2 comprises a third dielectric substrate 21 and a fourth dielectric substrate 22 which are stacked up and down; the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 21 is printed with 20 × 20 first H-shaped metal patches 211 which are periodically arranged, each first H-shaped metal patch 211 rotates around any point on a cross arm, and the rotation direction is according to a phase compensation value Φ of the position of the first H-shaped metal patch 211P(x, y) determining to achieve dual beam dual circular polarization characteristics; the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 22 is printed with second metal patches 221 etched with 20 × 20 second leaky wave slits 2211 arranged periodically, and the lower surface is printed with 20 × 20 second H-shaped metal patches 222 arranged periodically; each first H-shaped metal patch 211 printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 21 is connected with a second H-shaped metal patch 222 printed on the corresponding position on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 22 through a metalized through hole 23; the third dielectric substrate 21 and the fourth dielectric substrate 22 are dielectric substrates with the side length of 100mm, the thickness of 1mm and the dielectric constant of 3.5; the second leaky wave slit 2212 is a circular slit with the diameter of 0.8 mm; the diameter of the metallized via hole is 0.4 mm; the phase compensation value phi of the position of each first H-shaped metal patch 211PThe formula for the calculation of (x, y) is:
where k is a wave number in a free space, x and y are a central coordinate of each first H-type metal patch 211, theta and
pitch and azimuth, Φ, of the resonant cavity antenna beam, respectively0Is an arbitrary constant phase value;
the partial reflection super surface 2 is fixed above the feed source 1 through a support structure 3 made of non-metal materials to form a resonant cavity.
The center normals of the first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric substrate 12, the third dielectric substrate 21 and the fourth dielectric substrate 22 are overlapped.
The center point of the first metal patch 13 is located on the center normal of the first dielectric substrate 11.
The first H-shaped metal patch 211, which rotates about a rotation axis at any point on the crossbar, coincides with the central axis of the metalized via 23.
The distance between the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 12 and the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 22 is h, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the lambda is the working wavelength,
for the reflection coefficient phase values of the partially reflective meta-surface 2,
is the reflection coefficient phase value of the metallic ground plate 14.
Referring to fig. 2, the first dielectric substrate 11 of the feed antenna 1 adopts a side length wlIs 15mm and has a thickness h1Is 3mm, a dielectric constant εr1A dielectric substrate of 2.2; the second dielectric substrate 12 has a side length w of 100mm and a thickness h2Is 3mm, a dielectric constant εr2A dielectric substrate of 2.2; the first metal patch 13 adopts the side length wpA square patch of 4.7 mm; the metal ground plate 14 is a square patch with a side length w of 100mm, and a width w is arranged at the center of the patchaIs 1mm and longaIs a rectangular small hole with the diameter of 5 mm; the feed microstrip line 5 adopts a width w1Is 1.46mm and has a length of l1In the form of a 51.2mm rectangular patch.
Referring to fig. 3, the first H-shaped metal patch 211 has the following dimensions: b1＝3.2mm,c12.2mm, d 0.28mm, and w 0.4mm, the second H-shaped metal patch 222 has the following dimensions: b2＝1.7mm,c2＝1.5mm,d＝0.28mm,w＝0.4mm。
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
1. the function of the partially reflecting surface 2 is first described: when the first H-shaped metal patches 211 on the partially reflective surface 2 are arranged in a gradient manner according to the transmission phase compensation value thereof, the linearly polarized electromagnetic waves received by the second H-shaped metal patches 222 are coupled to the first H-shaped metal patches 211 through the metalized via holes 23, and then a phase gradient required for left-hand circular polarization and a phase gradient required for right-hand circular polarization are generated at the same time, and the two phase gradients have opposite changing trends, in which case the radiation directions of the two beams are exactly opposite, and beam splitting is realized.
2. By combining the above-mentioned partially reflecting surface 2 with the feed source 1, the height of the resonator between the two is related to the reflection phase of the partially reflecting surface 2, and the smaller the reflection phase, the lower the height of the resonator. When the height of the resonant cavity meets the resonance condition, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the feed source can realize in-phase superposed high-gain radiation when passing through the partial reflecting surface 2, and the resonant cavity antenna can simultaneously generate a left-handed circularly polarized wave and a right-handed circularly polarized wave according to the phase compensation of the partial reflecting surface 2. The invention thus enables dual beam dual circularly polarized radiation based on this particular electromagnetic property of the partially reflective surface 2.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further explained by simulation experiments.
1. Simulation conditions and contents.
The above embodiment was performed using commercial simulation software CST Microwave Studio.
Simulation 1, simulating the reflection phase of the partial reflection super surface of the specific embodiment at 14.8 GHz-15.2 GHz, and the result is shown in fig. 4;
simulation 3, which simulates a two-dimensional radiation gain curve of the specific embodiment at a frequency of 15.0GHz, and the result is shown in fig. 6;
2. and (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 4, the reflection phase of the partial reflection surface when the rotation angle of the first H-shaped metal patch 211 changes is shown, and the simulation result shows that when the rotation angle δ of the first H-shaped metal patch 211 changes, the reflection phase of the partial reflection super surface only slightly changes, which shows that the resonant cavity antenna can obtain a stable cavity height H, and we take the reflection phase at 15GHz into a formula
Considering also that the reflection phase of the metal ground plate is constant pi, the cavity height h of this embodiment can be obtained to be about 9 mm.
Referring to fig. 5, the reflection coefficient of the resonant cavity antenna is shown, and a simulation result shows that the reflection coefficient is lower than-10 dB in a frequency band range of 14.94-15.04 GHz, which shows that the antenna can realize good matching in the frequency band range;
referring to fig. 6, a far-field radiation pattern of the resonant cavity antenna is shown, and simulation results show that the maximum gains of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization are respectively realized at-20 ° and 20 °, which are respectively 14.2dB and 14.1 dB.
Referring to fig. 7, axial ratios corresponding to far-field radiation patterns of the resonant cavity antenna are shown, and simulation results show that the axial ratios of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization at-20 ° and 20 ° are 1.3dB and 2.4dB, respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the antenna realizes high-gain radiation, and the polarization directions of the two radiation beams are opposite, and the axial ratio is lower than 3dB, which shows that the circular polarization characteristic is good, and the dual-beam dual-circular polarization radiation is realized, so that the problem of coupling generated when the two radiation beams transmit or receive electromagnetic waves can be greatly reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the innovative concept of the present invention, but these changes are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A dual-beam dual-circularly-polarized resonant cavity antenna based on a super surface is characterized in that: comprising a feed source (1), a partially reflective super surface (2) and a support structure (3), wherein:
the feed source (1) comprises a first dielectric substrate (11) and a second dielectric substrate (12) which are stacked up and down; a first metal patch (13) is printed at the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (11); a metal grounding plate (14) with a first leaky-wave slot (141) etched in the center is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate (12), a feed microstrip line (15) is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate, and the feed microstrip line (15) and the center line of the first leaky-wave slot (141) form a spatial intersection;
the partial reflection super surface (2) comprises a third dielectric substrate (21) and a fourth dielectric substrate (22) which are stacked up and down; m multiplied by N first H-shaped metal patches (211) which are periodically arranged are printed on the upper surface of the third medium substrate (21), M is more than or equal to 8, N is more than or equal to 8, each first H-shaped metal patch (211) rotates around any point on a cross arm of the first H-shaped metal patch, and the rotation direction of the first H-shaped metal patches is according to the phase compensation value phi of the position of the first H-shaped metal patch (211)P(x, y) determining to achieve dual beam dual circular polarization characteristics; second metal patches (221) for etching M × N second leaky wave gaps (2211) which are periodically arranged are printed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate (22), and M × N second H-shaped metal patches (222) which are periodically arranged are printed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate; each first H-shaped metal patch (211) is connected with a second H-shaped metal patch (222) at the corresponding position through a second leaky wave gap (2211) which penetrates through the third dielectric substrate (21), corresponds to the third dielectric substrate (21) and the fourth dielectric substrate (22), and a metalized through hole (23) of the fourth dielectric substrate (22); the phase compensation value phi of the position of each first H-shaped metal patch (211)PThe formula for the calculation of (x, y) is:
where k is a wave number in a free space, x and y are a central coordinate of each first H-type metal patch (211), θ and
pitch and azimuth, Φ, of the resonant cavity antenna beam, respectively0Is an arbitrary constant phase value;
the center normals of the first dielectric substrate (11), the second dielectric substrate (12), the third dielectric substrate (21) and the fourth dielectric substrate (22) are overlapped;
the partial reflection super surface (2) is fixed above the feed source (1) through a support structure (3) made of non-metal materials to form a resonant cavity.
2. The dual beam dual circularly polarized resonator antenna based on a hypersurface of claim 1, wherein: the center point of the first metal patch (13) is positioned on the center normal of the first medium substrate (11).
3. The dual beam dual circularly polarized resonator antenna based on a hypersurface of claim 1, wherein: the first H-shaped metal patch (211) rotates around a rotating shaft at any point on the cross arm and is coincided with the central axis of the metalized through hole (23).
4. The dual beam dual circularly polarized resonator antenna based on a hypersurface of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate (12) and the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate (22) is h, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the lambda is the working wavelength,
is the reflection coefficient phase value of the partially reflective meta-surface (2),
is the reflection coefficient phase value of the metal grounding plate (14).
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