CN113453926A - Air conditioner for vehicle - Google Patents
Air conditioner for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113453926A CN113453926A CN202080012854.5A CN202080012854A CN113453926A CN 113453926 A CN113453926 A CN 113453926A CN 202080012854 A CN202080012854 A CN 202080012854A CN 113453926 A CN113453926 A CN 113453926A
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- refrigerant
- heat
- expansion valve
- temperature
- air
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 73
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- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
- B60H2001/326—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature of the refrigerant at a condensing unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
- B60H2001/3285—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an expansion unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21174—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21175—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Provided is a vehicle air conditioner which can prevent freezing of a heat absorber and can achieve a target outlet air temperature. The control device executes a dehumidification and heating mode in which a refrigerant discharged from the compressor (2) is radiated in the radiator (4), and the refrigerant having the radiated heat is branched, one refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve (8), and then the one refrigerant absorbs heat in the heat absorber (9), and the other refrigerant is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve (6), and then the other refrigerant absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger (7). When the temperature of the heat absorber (9) is lower than a predetermined value, the control device completely closes the indoor expansion valve (8).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a heat pump type air conditioner for conditioning air in a vehicle interior of a vehicle.
Background
Due to recent environmental problems, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have become widespread. Further, as an air conditioning device applicable to such a vehicle, an air conditioning device has been developed, which includes: a compressor for compressing and discharging a refrigerant; a radiator that is provided inside the vehicle interior and radiates heat from the refrigerant; a heat absorber that is provided inside the vehicle compartment and absorbs heat from the refrigerant; and an outdoor heat exchanger that is provided outside a vehicle interior and that radiates or absorbs heat from a refrigerant, and that is switchable between a heating mode in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated to the radiator and a dehumidification/heating mode in which the refrigerant radiated to the radiator absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger; in the dehumidification and heating mode, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is allowed to dissipate heat in the radiator, and the refrigerant having dissipated heat in the radiator is allowed to absorb heat in the heat absorber and the outdoor heat exchanger; in the cooling mode, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is allowed to dissipate heat in the outdoor heat exchanger and is allowed to absorb heat in the heat absorber; in the dehumidification-cooling mode, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is made to dissipate heat in the radiator and the outdoor heat exchanger, and is made to absorb heat in the heat absorber.
In this case, an outdoor expansion valve is provided at an inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve in the heating mode and the dehumidification heating mode. In the dehumidification and heating mode, the refrigerant flowing out of the radiator is branched, one of the refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve and flows into the heat absorber, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the heat absorber, and the other is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant absorbs heat (see, for example, patent document 1).
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2014-94673
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
In the dehumidification and heating mode as described above, when the temperature of the heat absorber is significantly decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor is conventionally decreased to prevent freezing of the heat absorber. However, when the rotation speed of the compressor is reduced, the high-pressure is reduced, and therefore, the heat radiation from the radiator is reduced, and the target blow-out temperature cannot be achieved.
On the other hand, if the rotation speed of the compressor is maintained to achieve the target outlet air temperature, the heat absorber freezes, and the amount of air blown into the vehicle interior decreases.
The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner for a vehicle capable of preventing a heat absorber from freezing and achieving a target outlet air temperature in a dehumidification and heating mode.
Technical scheme for solving technical problem
The air conditioner for a vehicle of the present invention includes: a compressor that compresses a refrigerant; a radiator for radiating heat from a refrigerant to heat air supplied into a vehicle interior; a heat absorber for cooling air supplied into a vehicle interior by absorbing heat from a refrigerant; an outdoor heat exchanger disposed outside the vehicle compartment; an outdoor expansion valve that decompresses the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger; an indoor expansion valve for decompressing the refrigerant flowing into the heat absorber; and a control device that executes at least a dehumidification and heating mode in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated in the radiator, the refrigerant after radiation is branched, one refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve, the one refrigerant absorbs heat in the heat absorber, the other refrigerant is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve, and the other refrigerant absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger, wherein the control device completely closes the indoor expansion valve when the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than a predetermined value.
In the air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle according to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the above-described invention, the controller controls the rotation speed of the compressor based on an index that can grasp the temperature of the air blown into the vehicle interior.
The air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle according to the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in each of the above inventions, the control device enlarges the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve in accordance with a decrease in the temperature of the heat absorber, and sets the indoor expansion valve to be fully closed when the outdoor expansion valve is set to the maximum opening degree and the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than a predetermined value.
The air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the above-described invention, the control device reduces the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve when the outdoor expansion valve is set to the maximum opening degree, and completely closes the indoor expansion valve when the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than a predetermined value.
The air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in each of the above inventions, the control device opens the indoor expansion valve at a predetermined valve opening degree when the temperature of the heat absorber exceeds a predetermined value or exceeds a predetermined value higher than the predetermined value after the indoor expansion valve is fully closed.
The air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in the above-described respective inventions, the control device executes a dehumidification and cooling mode, and sets a maximum value in control of the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve in the dehumidification and heating mode to be smaller than a maximum value in control of the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve in the dehumidification and cooling mode, and in the dehumidification and cooling mode, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is allowed to dissipate heat in the expansion valve and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant after heat dissipation is reduced in pressure in the indoor expansion valve, and then the refrigerant is allowed to absorb heat in the heat absorber.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, an air conditioning device for a vehicle includes: a compressor that compresses a refrigerant; a radiator for radiating heat from a refrigerant to heat air supplied into a vehicle interior; a heat absorber for cooling air supplied into a vehicle interior by absorbing heat from a refrigerant; an outdoor heat exchanger disposed outside the vehicle compartment; an outdoor expansion valve that decompresses the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger; an indoor expansion valve for decompressing the refrigerant flowing into the heat absorber; and a control device that executes at least a dehumidification and heating mode in which a refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated in the radiator, the refrigerant after radiation is branched, one refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve, the one refrigerant absorbs heat in the heat absorber, the other refrigerant is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve, and the other refrigerant absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger, wherein the control device completely closes the indoor expansion valve when the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than a predetermined value, and therefore, the flow of the refrigerant to the heat absorber can be stopped without decreasing the rotation speed of the compressor, and a problem that the heat absorber freezes can be avoided.
This eliminates the problem of a drop in the amount of air blown out into the vehicle interior, and in particular, as in the invention of claim 2, when the rotation speed of the compressor is controlled based on an index that can grasp the temperature of the air blown out into the vehicle interior, the target air-out temperature can be smoothly achieved.
In this case, as in the invention of claim 3, when the control device increases the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve in accordance with a decrease in the temperature of the heat absorber and fully closes the indoor expansion valve when the outdoor expansion valve is set to the maximum opening degree and the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than the predetermined value, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the heat absorber can be controlled by the outdoor expansion valve while the decrease in the temperature of the heat absorber is coped with by the outdoor expansion valve, and the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the heat absorber can be stopped by the indoor expansion valve when the decrease in the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the heat absorber by the outdoor expansion valve reaches the limit.
In particular, as in the invention according to claim 4, when the control device reduces the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve when the outdoor expansion valve is at the set maximum opening degree and completely closes the indoor expansion valve when the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than the predetermined value, it is not necessary to completely close the indoor expansion valve when the temperature of the heat absorber can be made not lower than the predetermined value by reducing the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve. Therefore, the dehumidification capability in the vehicle interior can be maintained while preventing the heat absorber from freezing.
Further, as in the invention according to claim 5, when the control device opens the indoor expansion valve at a predetermined valve opening degree when the temperature of the heat absorber exceeds a predetermined value or exceeds a predetermined value higher than the predetermined value after the indoor expansion valve is fully closed, the temperature of the heat absorber rises after the indoor expansion valve is fully closed, and thus the supply of the refrigerant to the heat absorber can be restarted without trouble, and the dehumidification of the vehicle interior can be started.
Here, as in the invention of claim 6, when the control device sets the maximum value in the control of the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve in the dehumidification and heating mode to be smaller than the maximum value in the control of the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve in the dehumidification and cooling mode, in the dehumidification and heating mode, the temperature drop of the heat absorber can be suppressed, and in the dehumidification and cooling mode in which the two-stage decompression action by the outdoor expansion valve and the indoor expansion valve is generated, the dehumidification and cooling in the vehicle interior can be achieved without hindrance by controlling the outdoor expansion valve to be slightly open as compared with the case of the dehumidification and heating mode in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated in the expansion valve and the outdoor heat exchanger and the refrigerant after radiation is decompressed in the indoor expansion valve, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the heat absorber.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an electric circuit of the control device of the vehicle air conditioner of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a configuration diagram of the vehicle air conditioner illustrating a heating mode performed by the heat pump controller of the control device of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a configuration diagram of the vehicle air conditioner illustrating a dehumidification and heating mode performed by the heat pump controller of the control device of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a configuration diagram of the vehicle air conditioner illustrating the dehumidification cooling mode and the cooling mode performed by the heat pump controller of the control device of fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a configuration diagram of the vehicle air conditioner illustrating an air conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode and a battery cooling (priority) + air conditioning mode by the heat pump controller of the control device of fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is a configuration diagram of the vehicle air conditioner illustrating a battery cooling (stand-alone) mode performed by the heat pump controller of the control device of fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is a control block diagram relating to the compressor control of the heat pump controller of the control apparatus of fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating control of the outdoor expansion valve in the dehumidification and heating mode by the heat pump controller of the control device of fig. 2.
Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating control of the indoor expansion valve in the dehumidification and heating mode by the heat pump controller of the control device of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an air conditioner 1 for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. A vehicle to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied is an Electric Vehicle (EV) not equipped with an engine (internal combustion engine), and travels by supplying electric power charged in a battery 55 mounted on the vehicle to a motor for traveling (an electric motor, not shown) and driving the motor, and a compressor 2, described later, of an air conditioning device 1 for a vehicle of the present invention is also driven by electric power supplied from the battery 55.
That is, in the air conditioning apparatus 1 for a vehicle according to the embodiment, in the electric vehicle which cannot perform heating by using the engine waste heat, the operation modes of the heating mode, the dehumidification cooling mode, the air conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode, the battery cooling (priority) + air conditioning mode, and the battery cooling (individual) mode are switched by the operation of the heat pump using the refrigerant circuit R, so that the air conditioning in the vehicle interior and the temperature adjustment of the battery 55 are performed.
The present invention is also effective in a so-called hybrid vehicle in which an engine and a motor for running are shared, as the vehicle, not limited to an electric vehicle. Further, the vehicle to which the vehicular air conditioning device 1 of the embodiment is applied can charge the battery 55 from an external charger (quick charger, normal charger, or the like). The battery 55, the traveling motor, and the inverter for controlling the traveling motor are objects to be temperature-controlled mounted on the vehicle, but in the following embodiments, the battery 55 is used as an example for description.
The air conditioning apparatus 1 for a vehicle according to the embodiment performs air conditioning (heating, cooling, dehumidification, and ventilation) of the vehicle interior of an electric vehicle, and in the air conditioning apparatus 1 for a vehicle, an electric compressor 2, a radiator 4, an outdoor expansion valve 6, an outdoor heat exchanger 7, an indoor expansion valve 8, a heat absorber 9, an accumulator 12, and the like are connected in this order by a refrigerant pipe 13 to form a refrigerant circuit R, wherein the compressor 2 compresses a refrigerant, the radiator 4 is provided in an air flow path 3 of an HVAC unit 10 that supplies ventilation and circulation of air in the vehicle interior, a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is caused to flow in via a refrigerant pipe 13G, and the refrigerant is caused to dissipate heat (release heat of the refrigerant) in the vehicle interior, the outdoor expansion valve 6 decompresses and expands the refrigerant at the time of heating and is constituted by an electric valve (electronic expansion valve), and the outdoor heat exchanger 7 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outside air, the indoor expansion valve 8 is configured by an electrically operated valve (electronic expansion valve) for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant, and the heat absorber 9 is provided in the air flow path 3 and functions as an evaporator for absorbing (evaporating) the refrigerant from the inside and outside of the vehicle interior during cooling and dehumidification.
The outdoor expansion valve 6 may be fully closed while decompressing and expanding the refrigerant flowing out of the radiator 4 and flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The indoor expansion valve 8 may be fully closed while decompressing and expanding the refrigerant flowing into the heat absorber 9.
Further, an outdoor fan 15 is provided in the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The outdoor fan 15 is configured to forcibly ventilate the outdoor air to the outdoor heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat between the outdoor air and the refrigerant, and thereby ventilate the outdoor air to the outdoor heat exchanger 7 even when the vehicle is stopped (i.e., the vehicle speed is 0 km/h).
A refrigerant pipe 13A on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is connected to a refrigerant pipe 13B to which an electromagnetic valve 17 (for cooling) as an on-off valve that opens when the refrigerant flows to the heat absorber 9 is connected, and the refrigerant pipe 13B is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the heat absorber 9 via a check valve 18 and the indoor expansion valve 8 in this order. The check valve 18 is oriented in the forward direction toward the indoor expansion valve 8.
A refrigerant pipe 13D branches from a refrigerant pipe 13A extending from the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the branched refrigerant pipe 13D is connected to a refrigerant pipe 13C on the refrigerant outlet side of the heat absorber 9 through an electromagnetic valve 21 (for heating) as an opening/closing valve that is opened during heating. The refrigerant pipe 13C is connected to the inlet side of the accumulator 12 via the check valve 35, and the outlet side of the accumulator 12 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13K on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 2. The check valve 35 is oriented in the forward direction of the accumulator 12, and the refrigerant pipe 13D is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13C on the upstream side of the refrigerant by the check valve 35.
A strainer 19 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13E on the refrigerant outlet side of the radiator 4, the refrigerant pipe 13E is branched into a refrigerant pipe 13J and a refrigerant pipe 13F in front of (on the refrigerant upstream side of) the outdoor expansion valve 6, and the branched refrigerant pipe 13J is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 via the outdoor expansion valve 6. The other refrigerant pipe 13F branched is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13B located on the refrigerant downstream side of the check valve 18 and on the refrigerant upstream side of the indoor expansion valve 8 via an electromagnetic valve 22 (for dehumidification) as an opening/closing valve opened during dehumidification.
Thereby, the refrigerant pipe 13F is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the outdoor expansion valve 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the check valve 18, and becomes a bypass circuit that bypasses the outdoor expansion valve 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the check valve 18.
Further, an air flow path 3 on the air upstream side of the heat absorber 9 is formed with suction ports (a suction port 25 is representatively shown in fig. 1) of an external air suction port and an internal air suction port, and a suction switching damper 26 is provided at the suction port 25, and the suction switching damper 26 switches the air introduced into the air flow path 3 between internal air (internal air circulation) which is air in the vehicle interior and external air (external air introduction) which is air outside the vehicle interior. Further, an indoor blower (blower fan) 27 is provided on the air downstream side of the suction switching damper 26, and the indoor blower 27 is configured to send the introduced internal air or external air to the air flow path 3.
In the embodiment, an auxiliary heater 23 as an auxiliary heating device including a PTC heater (electric heater) is provided in the air flow path 3 on the leeward side (air downstream side) of the radiator 4, and the air supplied into the vehicle interior through the radiator 4 can be heated. An air mixing damper 28 is provided in the air flow path 3 on the air upstream side of the radiator 4, and the air mixing damper 28 adjusts the ratio of air (internal air or external air) flowing into the air flow path 3 and passing through the heat absorber 9 in the air flow path 3 to be blown to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23.
Further, in the air flow path 3 on the air downstream side of the radiator 4, blow-out ports (representatively shown as a blow-out port 29 in fig. 1) of a blow-out leg (japanese: フット), a ventilation (japanese: ベント), and a front windshield defogger (japanese: デフ) are formed, and a blow-out port switching flap 31 is provided in the blow-out port 29, and the blow-out port switching flap 31 switches and controls the blow-out of air from the blow-out ports.
The vehicle air conditioner 1 further includes a device temperature adjusting device 61, and the device temperature adjusting device 61 is configured to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 by circulating a heat medium through the battery 55 (temperature controlled object). The device temperature adjusting apparatus 61 of the embodiment includes: a circulation pump 62 as a circulation device, the circulation pump 62 circulating the heat medium to the battery 55; a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 as a temperature-controlled object heat exchanger; and a heat medium heater 63 as a heating device, which are connected to the battery 55 in a ring shape by a heat medium pipe 66.
In the case of the embodiment, the inlet of the heat medium heater 63 is connected to the discharge side of the circulation pump 62, and the inlet of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is connected to the outlet of the heat medium heater 63. The outlet of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is connected to the inlet of the battery 55, and the outlet of the battery 55 is connected to the suction side of the circulation pump 62.
As the heat medium used in the above-described equipment temperature control device 61, for example, water, a refrigerant such as HFO-1234yf, a liquid such as a coolant, or a gas such as air can be used. In addition, in the embodiment, water is employed as the heat medium. The heat medium heater 63 is formed of an electric heater such as a PTC heater. Further, a jacket structure is provided around the battery 55 so that, for example, a heat medium can flow in heat exchange relation with the battery 55.
When the circulation pump 62 is operated, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows to the heat medium heater 63, is heated by the heat medium heater 63 when it generates heat, and then flows into the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. The heat medium flowing out of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 flows to the battery 55, where the heat medium exchanges heat with the battery 55. Next, the heat medium having exchanged heat with the battery 55 is sucked into the circulation pump 62, and circulated through the heat medium pipe 66.
On the other hand, one end of a branch pipe 72 as a branch circuit is connected to the refrigerant circuit R on the refrigerant downstream side of the solenoid valve 22 in the refrigerant pipe 13F. In the embodiment, an auxiliary expansion valve 68 configured by a motor-operated valve (electronic expansion valve) is provided in the branch pipe 67. The auxiliary expansion valve 68 may be fully closed while decompressing and expanding the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant flow path 64B, described later, of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.
The other end of the branch pipe 67 is connected to the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, one end of a refrigerant pipe 71 is connected to an outlet of the refrigerant flow path 64B, and the other end of the refrigerant pipe 71 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13C on the refrigerant upstream side of the accumulator 12 on the refrigerant downstream side of the check valve 35. The auxiliary expansion valve 68, the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and the like also constitute a part of the refrigerant circuit R and also constitute a part of the device temperature adjusting apparatus 61.
When the auxiliary expansion valve 68 is opened, the refrigerant (a part or all of the refrigerant) flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows into the branch pipe 67, is reduced in pressure by the auxiliary expansion valve 68, then flows into the refrigerant passage 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and evaporates in the refrigerant passage 64B. While the refrigerant flows through the refrigerant passage 64B, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium flowing through the heat medium passage 64A, and then is drawn from the refrigerant pipe 13K to the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 71, the refrigerant pipe 13C, and the accumulator 12.
Next, fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the control device 11 of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment. The control device 11 is constituted by an air conditioner Controller 45 and a heat pump Controller 32, each of the air conditioner Controller 45 and the heat pump Controller 32 is constituted by a microcomputer as an example of a computer including a processor, and the air conditioner Controller 45 and the heat pump Controller 32 are connected to a vehicle communication bus 65 constituting CAN (Controller Area Network) and LIN (Local Interconnect Network). The compressor 2, the sub-heater 23, the circulation pump 62, and the heat medium heater 63 are also connected to a vehicle communication bus 65, and the air conditioning controller 45, the heat pump controller 32, the compressor 2, the sub-heater 23, the circulation pump 62, and the heat medium heater 63 are configured to receive and transmit data via the vehicle communication bus 65.
Further, a vehicle controller 72(ECU), a Battery controller (BMS: Battery Management System) 73, and a GPS navigation device 74 are connected to the vehicle communication bus 65, the vehicle controller 72 controls the entire vehicle including the running vehicle, and the Battery controller 73 controls charging and discharging of the Battery 55. The vehicle controller 72, the battery controller 73, and the GPS navigation device 74 are also constituted by a microcomputer including an example of a computer as a processor, and the air conditioning controller 45 and the heat pump controller 32 constituting the control device 11 are constituted to receive and transmit information (data) with the vehicle controller 72, the battery controller 73, and the GPS navigation device 74 via the vehicle communication bus 65.
The air conditioning controller 45 is a host controller responsible for controlling the air conditioning of the vehicle interior, and an outside air temperature sensor 33, an outside air humidity sensor 34, a HAVC intake temperature sensor 36, an inside air temperature sensor 37, an inside air humidity sensor 38, and an indoor CO are connected to the inputs of the air conditioning controller 452Outputs of a concentration sensor 39, an outlet air temperature sensor 41, for example, a photo-electric solar radiation sensor 51, a vehicle speed sensor 52, and an air-conditioning operation unit 53, wherein the outside air temperature sensor 33 detects an outside air temperature Tam of the vehicle, the outside air humidity sensor 34 detects an outside air humidity, the HVAC intake temperature sensor 36 detects a temperature of air taken in from the intake port 25 to the air flow path 3 and flowing into the heat absorber 9, the inside air temperature sensor 37 detects an air temperature in the vehicle interior (inside air temperature Tin), the inside air humidity sensor 38 detects a humidity of air in the vehicle interior, and the indoor CO is detected2The concentration sensor 39 detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the vehicle interior, the blowing temperature sensor 41 detects the temperature of air blown into the vehicle interior, the insolation sensor 51 detects the amount of insolation in the vehicle interior, and the vehicle speed sensorThe air-conditioning operation unit 52 detects the traveling speed of the vehicle (vehicle speed VSP), and the air-conditioning operation unit 53 performs air-conditioning setting operation and information display in the vehicle interior, such as switching between a set temperature and an operation mode in the vehicle interior. In the figure, reference numeral 53A denotes a display screen as a display output device provided in the air-conditioning operation unit 53.
Further, an outdoor air-sending device 15, an indoor air-sending device (air-sending fan) 27, an intake switching damper 26, an air mixing damper 28, and an outlet switching damper 31 are connected to the output of the air-conditioning controller 45, and the air-conditioning controller 45 controls these components.
The heat pump controller 32 is a controller mainly responsible for controlling the refrigerant circuit R, and outputs of a radiator inlet temperature sensor 43, a radiator outlet temperature sensor 44, an intake temperature sensor 46, a radiator pressure sensor 47, a heat absorber temperature sensor 48, an outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 49, and auxiliary heater temperature sensors 50A (driver seat side) and 50B (passenger seat side) are connected to inputs of the heat pump controller 32, wherein the radiator inlet temperature sensor 43 detects a refrigerant inlet temperature Tcxin of the radiator 4 (discharge refrigerant temperature of the compressor 2), the radiator outlet temperature sensor 44 detects a refrigerant outlet temperature Tci of the radiator 4, the intake temperature sensor 46 detects an intake refrigerant temperature Ts of the compressor 2, and the radiator pressure sensor 47 detects a refrigerant pressure on the refrigerant outlet side of the radiator 4 (pressure of the radiator 4: the radiator pressure Pci) is detected, and the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 detects the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (the refrigerant temperature of the heat absorber 9: heat absorber temperature Te), and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 49 detects the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (refrigerant evaporation temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 7: the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO), and the sub-heater temperature sensors 50A, 50B detect the temperature of the sub-heater 23.
Further, an outdoor expansion valve 6, a solenoid valve 22 (for dehumidification), a solenoid valve 17 (for cooling), a solenoid valve 21 (for heating), an indoor expansion valve 8, and an auxiliary expansion valve 68 are connected to outputs of the heat pump controller 32, and the respective components are controlled by the heat pump controller 32. In the embodiment, the controllers of the compressor 2, the sub-heater 23, the circulation pump 62, and the heat medium heater 63 receive and transmit data to and from the heat pump controller 32 via the vehicle communication bus 65, and are controlled by the heat pump controller 32.
The circulation pump 62 and the heat medium heater 63 constituting the device temperature control apparatus 61 may be controlled by the battery controller 73. The battery controller 73 is connected with outputs of a heat medium temperature sensor 76 and a battery temperature sensor 77, the heat medium temperature sensor 76 detects the temperature of the heat medium (heat medium temperature Tw) on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 of the device temperature control device 61, and the battery temperature sensor 77 detects the temperature of the battery 55 (the temperature of the battery 55 itself: battery temperature Tcell). In the embodiment, information on the remaining amount (the amount of stored electricity) of the battery 55, information on the charging of the battery 55 (information on the state of charge, the charge end time, the remaining charge time, and the like), the heat medium temperature Tw, the battery temperature Tcell, the amount of heat generation of the battery 55 (calculated by the battery controller 73 according to the amount of energization and the like), and the like are transmitted from the battery controller 73 to the air-conditioning controller 45 and the vehicle controller 72 via the vehicle communication bus 65. The information on the charge completion time and the remaining charge time at the time of charging the battery 55 is information supplied from an external charger such as a quick charger. Further, the output Mpower of the running motor is transmitted from the vehicle controller 72 to the heat pump controller 32 and the air conditioner controller 45.
The heat pump controller 32 and the air conditioner controller 45 mutually receive and transmit data via the vehicle communication bus 65, and control the respective devices based on the outputs of the respective sensors and the settings input through the air conditioner operation unit 53, and in this case, in the embodiment, the external air temperature sensor 33, the external air humidity sensor 34, the HVAC intake temperature sensor 36, the internal air temperature sensor 37, the internal air humidity sensor 38, and the indoor CO are configured as the external air temperature sensor 33, the external air humidity sensor 34, the HVAC intake temperature sensor 36, the internal air temperature sensor 37, the internal air humidity sensor 382Concentration transmitterThe sensor 39, the outlet air temperature sensor 41, the insolation sensor 51, the vehicle speed sensor 52, the air volume Ga of the air flowing into the air flow path 3 and flowing through the air flow path 3 (calculated by the air conditioning controller 45), the air volume ratio SW achieved by the air mix damper 28 (calculated by the air conditioning controller 45), the voltage (BLV) of the indoor blower 27, the information from the aforementioned battery controller 73, the information from the GPS navigation device 74, and the output of the air conditioning operation unit 53 are transmitted from the air conditioning controller 45 to the heat pump controller 32 via the vehicle communication bus 65, for control by the heat pump controller 32.
Further, data (information) related to the control of the refrigerant circuit R is also sent from the heat pump controller 32 to the air conditioning controller 45 via the vehicle communication bus 65. In addition, the air volume ratio SW realized by the aforementioned air mix damper 28 is calculated by the air conditioner controller 45 in the range of 0. ltoreq. SW. ltoreq.1. When SW is 1, all the air flowing through the heat absorber 9 is ventilated to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 by the air mixing damper 28.
Based on the above configuration, the operation of the air conditioner 1 for a vehicle of the embodiment will be described next. In the present embodiment, the control device 11 (the air-conditioning controller 45 and the heat pump controller 32) switches and executes each air-conditioning operation of the heating mode, the dehumidification cooling mode, the cooling mode, and the air-conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode, each battery cooling operation of the battery cooling (priority) + air-conditioning mode, and the battery cooling (individual) mode.
In the embodiment, the battery 55 is not charged, and when the Ignition (IGN) of the vehicle is turned on and the air conditioning switch of the air conditioning operation unit 53 is turned on, the respective air conditioning operations of the heating mode, the dehumidification cooling mode, the air conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode can be performed. However, the operation can be performed even when the ignition device is turned off during the remote operation (pre-air conditioning, etc.). Further, there is no battery cooling requirement while the battery 55 is in the charging process, and it can be performed when the air conditioner switch is turned on.
On the other hand, each battery cooling operation in the battery cooling (priority) + air conditioning mode, battery cooling (individual) mode can be executed when, for example, a plug of a quick charger (external power supply) is connected and the battery 55 is charged. However, the battery cooling (alone) mode can be executed in a case where the air conditioner switch is off and there is a battery cooling demand (driving under high outside air temperature, etc.), in addition to during the charging of the battery 55.
In the embodiment, when the ignition is turned on or when the battery 55 is being charged even if the ignition is turned off, the heat pump controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 of the equipment temperature control device 61 to circulate the heat medium through the heat medium pipe 66 as indicated by the broken line in fig. 3 to 7. In addition, the heat pump controller 32 of the embodiment also executes the battery heating mode in which the battery 55 is heated by causing the heat medium heater 63 of the device temperature adjusting apparatus 61 to generate heat.
(1) Heating mode
First, a heating mode will be described with reference to fig. 3. The control of each device is performed by cooperation of the heat pump controller 32 and the air conditioning controller 45, but in the following description, the heat pump controller 32 is used as a control subject to simplify the description. Fig. 3 shows the flow pattern (solid arrows) of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the heating mode. When the heating mode is selected by the heat pump controller 32 (automatic mode) or by a manual air-conditioning setting operation (manual mode) on the air-conditioning operation unit 53 of the air-conditioning controller 45, the heat pump controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 21 and closes the electromagnetic valves 17 and 22. After the outdoor expansion valve 6 is opened and the indoor expansion valve 8 and the auxiliary expansion valve 68 are fully closed, the compressor 2 and the fans 15 and 27 are operated, and the air mixing damper 28 is set in a state in which the ratio of air blown from the indoor fan 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 is adjusted.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow path 3 is ventilated in the radiator 4, the air in the air flow path 3 exchanges heat with the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4 and is heated. On the other hand, the refrigerant in the radiator 4 is cooled by the air depriving heat, condensed, and liquefied.
The refrigerant liquefied in the radiator 4 flows out of the radiator 4, and then flows to the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipes 13E and 13J. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor expansion valve 6 is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 6, and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates and extracts heat (absorbs heat) from outside air ventilated by traveling or by the outdoor blower 15. That is, the refrigerant circuit R serves as a heat pump. Then, the low-temperature refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13A, the refrigerant pipe 13D, and the electromagnetic valve 21 to the refrigerant pipe 13C, enters the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, is gas-liquid separated in the accumulator 12, and then is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13K, and the cycle is repeated. Since the air heated by the radiator 4 is blown out from the air outlet 29, the vehicle interior is heated.
The heat pump controller 32 calculates a target radiator pressure PCO from a target heater temperature TCO (a target value of a radiator temperature Thp to be described later) calculated from a target outlet air temperature TAO to be described later which is a target temperature of air blown out into the vehicle interior (a target value of a temperature of air blown out into the vehicle interior), controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the target radiator pressure PCO and a radiator pressure Pci (a high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47, and controls the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant at the outlet of the radiator 4 by controlling the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 based on a refrigerant outlet temperature Tci of the radiator 4 detected by the radiator outlet temperature sensor 44 and a radiator pressure Pci detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47.
The radiator pressure Pci is an index that can grasp the temperature of the air blown into the vehicle interior in the present invention, but the temperature of the air blown into the vehicle interior detected by the air-blowing temperature sensor 41 may be used as the index.
Further, in the case where the heating capacity (heating capacity) realized by the radiator 4 is insufficient with respect to the required heating capacity, the heat pump controller 32 compensates for the insufficient amount by the heat generation of the sub-heater 23. Thus, the vehicle interior can be heated without any trouble even at a low outside air temperature or the like.
(2) Dehumidification heating mode
Next, the dehumidification and heating mode will be described with reference to fig. 4. Fig. 4 shows the flow pattern (solid arrows) of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the dehumidification and heating mode. In the dehumidification and heating mode, the heat pump controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valves 21 and 22 and closes the electromagnetic valve 17. The outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 are opened, and the auxiliary expansion valve 68 is fully closed. Next, the compressor 2 and the air-sending devices 15 and 27 are operated, and the air-mixing damper 28 is set in a state in which the ratio of the air blown from the indoor air-sending device 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 is adjusted.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow path 3 is ventilated in the radiator 4, the air in the air flow path 3 exchanges heat with the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4 and is heated. On the other hand, the refrigerant in the radiator 4 is cooled by the air depriving heat, condensed, and liquefied.
The refrigerant liquefied in the radiator 4 flows out of the radiator 4, passes through the refrigerant pipe 13E, and then partially flows into the refrigerant pipe 13J and flows to the outdoor expansion valve 6. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor expansion valve 6 is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 6, and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates and extracts heat (absorbs heat) from outside air ventilated by traveling or by the outdoor blower 15. Then, the low-temperature refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13A, the refrigerant pipe 13D, and the electromagnetic valve 21 to the refrigerant pipe 13C, enters the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, is gas-liquid separated in the accumulator 12, and then is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13K, and the cycle is repeated.
On the other hand, the remaining part of the condensed refrigerant that has passed through the radiator 4 and flowed through the refrigerant pipe 13E is branched, and the branched refrigerant flows into the refrigerant pipe 13F and flows to the refrigerant pipe 13B through the electromagnetic valve 22. Subsequently, the refrigerant flows to the indoor expansion valve 8, is reduced in pressure in the indoor expansion valve 8, flows into the heat absorber 9, and is evaporated. At this time, moisture in the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 is condensed and attached to the heat absorber 9 by the heat absorption action of the refrigerant generated by the heat absorber 9, and therefore, the air is cooled and dehumidified.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 flows out of the refrigerant pipe 13C, merges with the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 13D (the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 7), passes through the accumulator 12, is sucked into the compressor 2 from the refrigerant pipe 13K, and repeats the above-described cycle. The air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated while passing through the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 (when generating heat), thereby performing dehumidification and heating of the vehicle interior.
In the embodiment, the heat pump controller 32 controls the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 based on the target radiator pressure PCO calculated from the target heater temperature TCO and the radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47. In addition, the valve opening degrees of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 are controlled based on the heat absorber temperature Te, but the control of these outdoor expansion valve 6 and indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and heating mode will be described in detail below.
In addition, when the heating capacity (heating capacity) of the radiator 4 is insufficient with respect to the heating capacity required in the dehumidification and heating mode, the heat pump controller 32 can compensate for the shortage by the heat generation of the auxiliary heater 23. This allows the interior of the vehicle to be dehumidified and heated without any trouble even at a low outside air temperature.
(3) Dehumidification cooling mode
Next, the dehumidification and cooling mode will be described with reference to fig. 5. Fig. 5 shows the flow pattern (solid arrows) of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the dehumidification-air cooling mode. In the dehumidification cooling mode, the heat pump controller 32 opens the solenoid valve 17 and closes the solenoid valves 20 and 21. The outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 are opened, and the auxiliary expansion valve 68 is fully closed. Next, the compressor 2 and the air-sending devices 15 and 27 are operated, and the air-mixing damper 28 is set in a state in which the ratio of the air blown from the indoor air-sending device 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 is adjusted.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow path 3 is ventilated in the radiator 4, the air in the air flow path 3 exchanges heat with the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4 and is heated. On the other hand, the refrigerant in the radiator 4 is cooled by the air depriving heat, condensed, and liquefied.
The refrigerant flowing out of the radiator 4 flows through the refrigerant pipes 13E and 13J to the outdoor expansion valve 6, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 through the outdoor expansion valve 6 controlled to be slightly open (a region having a larger valve opening degree) than the heating mode and the dehumidification and heating mode. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is cooled by air in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by traveling or by outside air ventilated by the outdoor fan 15, and is condensed. The refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows into the refrigerant pipe 13B through the refrigerant pipe 13A, and flows to the indoor expansion valve 8 through the electromagnetic valve 17 and the check valve 18 in this order. The refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8, flows into the heat absorber 9, and evaporates. In this case, the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 is condensed and attached to the heat absorber 9 by the heat absorption action, and therefore, the air is cooled and dehumidified.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13C to the accumulator 12, is sucked from the refrigerant pipe 13K through the accumulator 12 to the compressor 2, and the above cycle is repeated. The air cooled and dehumidified in the heat absorber 9 is reheated (lower heating capacity than in the case of dehumidification and heating) while passing through the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 (in the case of heat generation), thereby performing dehumidification and cooling of the vehicle interior.
The heat pump controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 so that the heat absorber temperature Te becomes the target heat absorber temperature TEO based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 and the target heat absorber temperature TEO that is the target temperature of the heat absorber 9 (target value of the heat absorber temperature Te), and controls the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 so that the radiator pressure Pci becomes the target radiator pressure PCO based on the radiator pressure Pci (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47 and the target radiator pressure PCO (target value of the radiator pressure Pci), thereby obtaining the required reheating amount (reheating amount) by the radiator 4.
In the dehumidification cooling mode, when the heating capacity (reheating capacity) realized by the radiator 4 is insufficient with respect to the required heating capacity, the heat pump controller 32 compensates for the shortage by the heat generation of the auxiliary heater 23. This makes it possible to perform dehumidification cooling while preventing an excessive drop in the temperature in the vehicle interior.
(4) Refrigeration mode
Next, the cooling mode will be explained. The refrigerant flow in this cooling mode is the same as in fig. 5. That is, even in this cooling mode, the heat pump controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 17 and closes the electromagnetic valves 21 and 22. The outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully closed, the indoor expansion valve 8 is opened, and the auxiliary expansion valve is fully closed. Next, the compressor 2 and the air-sending devices 15 and 27 are operated, and the air-mixing damper 28 is set in a state in which the ratio of the air blown from the indoor air-sending device 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 is adjusted. In addition, the auxiliary heater 23 is not energized.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Although the air in the air flow path 3 is ventilated to the radiator 4, the ratio is small (only for reheating (reheating) in cooling), and therefore the refrigerant flowing out of the radiator 4 almost passes only through the radiator 4, and flows to the refrigerant pipe 13J through the refrigerant pipe 13E. The refrigerant passes through the outdoor expansion valve 6, which is fully opened, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as it is, and is then cooled by outside air that is ventilated by traveling or by the outdoor blower 15, and is condensed and liquefied.
The refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows into the refrigerant pipe 13B through the refrigerant pipe 13A, and flows to the indoor expansion valve 8 through the electromagnetic valve 17 and the check valve 18 in this order. The refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8, flows into the heat absorber 9, and evaporates. In this case, the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 and heat-exchanged with the heat absorber 9 is cooled by the heat absorption action.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13C to the accumulator 12, is sucked from the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13K to the compressor 2, and the above cycle is repeated. The air cooled in heat absorber 9 is blown out into the vehicle interior from air outlet 29, thereby cooling the vehicle interior. In the cooling mode, the heat pump controller 32 controls the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48.
(5) Air conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode
Next, an air-conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode will be described with reference to fig. 6. Fig. 6 shows the flow pattern (solid line arrow) of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the air-conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode. In the air-conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode, the heat pump controller 32 opens the solenoid valve 17 and closes the solenoid valves 21 and 22. The outdoor expansion valve is fully opened, and the indoor expansion valve 8 and the auxiliary expansion valve 68 are opened.
Next, the compressor 2 and the air-sending devices 15 and 27 are operated, and the air-mixing damper 28 is set in a state in which the ratio of the air blown from the indoor air-sending device 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 is adjusted. In the above operation mode, the auxiliary heater 23 is not energized. The heat medium heater 63 is not energized either.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Although the air in the air flow path 3 is ventilated to the radiator 4, the ratio is small (only for reheating (reheating) in cooling), and therefore the refrigerant flowing out of the radiator 4 almost passes only through the radiator 4, and flows to the refrigerant pipe 13J through the refrigerant pipe 13E. At this time, since the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully opened, the refrigerant flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as it is, and is cooled by the outside air ventilated by the traveling or the outdoor fan 15, and condensed and liquefied.
The refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows into the refrigerant pipe 13B through the refrigerant pipe 13A, is branched after passing through the solenoid valve 17 and the check valve 18, and flows through the refrigerant pipe 13B as it is to reach the indoor expansion valve 8. The refrigerant flowing into the indoor expansion valve 8 is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 6, flows into the heat absorber 9, and is evaporated. In this case, the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 and heat-exchanged with the heat absorber 9 is cooled by the heat absorption action.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13C to the accumulator 12, is sucked from the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13K to the compressor 2, and the above cycle is repeated. The air cooled in heat absorber 9 is blown out into the vehicle interior from air outlet 29, thereby cooling the vehicle interior.
On the other hand, the remaining portion of the refrigerant passing through the check valve 18 is branched and flows into the branch pipe 67 and flows to the auxiliary expansion valve 68. After the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced, the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant passage 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates in the refrigerant passage 64B. At this time, an endothermic effect is exerted. The refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B passes through the refrigerant pipe 71, the refrigerant pipe 13C, and the accumulator 12 in this order, is sucked into the compressor 2 from the refrigerant pipe 13K, and the cycle described above is repeated (indicated by solid arrows in fig. 6).
On the other hand, since the circulation pump 62 is operated, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 passes through the heat medium heater 64, flows through the heat medium pipe 66 to the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, exchanges heat with the refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B in the heat medium flow path 64A, and absorbs heat and is cooled. The heat medium flowing out of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 flows to the battery 55 and exchanges heat with the battery 55. Thereby, the battery 55 is cooled, and the heat medium after cooling the battery 55 is sucked into the circulation pump 62, and the above-described circulation is repeated (indicated by a broken-line arrow in fig. 6).
In the air-conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode, the heat pump controller 32 controls the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 while maintaining the state in which the indoor solenoid valve 8 is opened. Further, in the embodiment, the opening and closing of the auxiliary solenoid valve 68 is controlled based on the temperature of the heat medium detected by the heat medium temperature sensor 76 (heat medium temperature Tw: sent from the battery controller 73). Note that the heat medium temperature Tw (the same applies hereinafter) may be used as an index indicating the temperature of the battery 55 as the temperature to be controlled in the embodiment.
In this case, the heat pump controller 32 sets the upper limit value TUL and the lower limit value TLL with a predetermined temperature difference between the upper and lower of a predetermined target heat medium temperature TWOs, which is a target value of the heat medium temperature Tw, for example. When the heat medium temperature Tw is increased to the upper limit value TUL due to heat generation of the battery 55 or the like from the state in which the auxiliary solenoid valve 68 is closed (when the temperature is higher than the upper limit value TUL or is equal to or higher than the upper limit value TUL, the same applies to the case), the auxiliary solenoid valve 68 is opened. As a result, the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates, and cools the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path 64A, so that the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium after the cooling.
Subsequently, when the heat medium temperature Tw decreases to the lower limit value TLL (when the temperature is lower than the lower limit value TLL, or when the temperature is lower than the lower limit value TLL, the auxiliary solenoid valve 68 is opened. Subsequently, the opening and closing of the auxiliary solenoid valve 68 as described above are repeated, and the heat medium temperature Tw is controlled to the target heat medium temperature twoo while cooling the vehicle interior is prioritized, thereby cooling the battery 55.
(6) Switching of air conditioner operation
The heat pump controller 32 calculates the target outlet air temperature TAO according to the following formula (I). The target outlet air temperature TAO is a target value of the temperature of the air blown out from the outlet port 29 into the vehicle interior.
TAO＝(Tset－Tin)×K+Tbal(f(Tset、SUN、Tam))…(I)
Here, Tset is a set temperature in the vehicle interior set by the air conditioner operation unit 53, Tin is a temperature of the air in the vehicle interior detected by the internal air temperature sensor 37, K is a coefficient, and Tbal is a balance value calculated based on the set temperature Tset, the solar radiation amount SUN detected by the solar radiation sensor 51, and the external air temperature Tam detected by the external air temperature sensor 33. In general, the lower the outside air temperature Tam, the higher the target outlet air temperature TAO, and the lower the target outlet air temperature TAO as the outside air temperature Tam increases.
Further, the heat pump controller 32 selects any one of the air conditioning operations based on the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33 and the target outlet air temperature TAO at the time of startup. After the start, the air conditioning operations are selected and switched according to the operating conditions such as the outside air temperature Tam, the target outlet air temperature TAO, the heat medium temperature Tw, the battery temperature Tcell, the environmental conditions, the change in the setting conditions, and the battery cooling request (mode switching request) from the battery controller 73.
(7) Battery cooling (priority) + air conditioning mode
Next, the operation of the battery 55 during charging will be described. For example, when the battery 55 is charged by connecting a charging plug of a quick charger (external power supply) (the information is transmitted from the battery controller 73), the heat pump controller 32 executes the battery cooling (priority) + air conditioning mode regardless of whether the Ignition (IGN) of the vehicle is on or off, as long as there is a battery cooling request and the air conditioning switch of the air conditioning operation unit 53 is on. The flow pattern of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the battery cooling (priority) + air-conditioning mode is the same as that in the air-conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode shown in fig. 6.
However, in the case of the above-described battery cooling (priority) + air-conditioning mode, in the embodiment, the heat pump controller 32 maintains the state in which the auxiliary solenoid valve 68 is opened, and controls the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 based on the heat medium temperature Tw detected by the heat medium temperature sensor 76 (sent from the battery controller 73). In the embodiment, the indoor solenoid valve 8 is controlled to be opened and closed based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48.
In this case, for example, the heat pump controller 32 sets the upper limit value teal and the lower limit value TeLL with a predetermined temperature difference between the upper and lower predetermined target heat sink temperatures TEO, which are target values of the heat sink temperature Te. When the heat absorber temperature Te increases from the fully closed state of the indoor electromagnetic valve 8 to the upper limit value teal (when the temperature Te is higher than the upper limit value teal or is equal to or higher than the upper limit value teal, the same applies to the following description), the indoor electromagnetic valve 8 is opened. Thereby, the refrigerant flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates, cooling the air flowing through the air flow path 3.
Subsequently, when the heat absorber temperature Te falls to the lower limit value TLL (when the temperature is lower than the lower limit value TeLL or is equal to or lower than the lower limit value TeLL, the indoor solenoid valve 8 is fully closed. After that, the indoor solenoid valve 8 is repeatedly opened and closed as described above, and the heat absorber temperature Te is controlled to the target heat absorber temperature TEO while cooling the battery 55 preferentially, thereby cooling the vehicle interior.
(8) Battery cooling (stand alone) mode
Next, the heat pump controller 32 executes the battery cooling (stand-alone) mode whenever there is a battery cooling request when the battery 55 is charged by being connected to the charging plug of the quick charger with the air conditioner switch of the air conditioner operation unit 53 turned off, regardless of whether the ignition is on or off. However, in addition to the charging process of the battery 55, it is also performed in a case where the air conditioner switch is off and there is a battery cooling demand (at the time of traveling under a high outside air temperature, or the like). Fig. 7 shows the flow pattern (solid arrows) of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the above-described battery cooling (single) mode. In the battery cooling (single) mode, the heat pump controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 17, and closes the electromagnetic valves 21 and 22. The auxiliary expansion valve 68 is opened, and the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed.
Subsequently, the compressor 2 and the outdoor fan 15 are operated. In addition, the indoor air-sending device 27 is not operated, and the auxiliary heater 23 is not energized. In the above-described operation mode, the heat medium heater 63 is not energized.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow path 3 is not ventilated to the radiator 4, the refrigerant that has passed through this portion and flowed out of the radiator 4 passes through the refrigerant pipe 13E and reaches the refrigerant pipe 13J. At this time, since the solenoid valve 6 is fully opened, the refrigerant directly flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and then is air-cooled by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor fan 15 in the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and is condensed and liquefied.
The refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows into the refrigerant pipe 13B through the refrigerant pipe 13A, passes through the solenoid valve 17 and the check valve 18 in this order, and then flows into the branch pipe 67 and flows to the auxiliary expansion valve 68. After the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced, the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant passage 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates in the refrigerant passage 64B. At this time, an endothermic effect is exerted. The refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B passes through the refrigerant pipe 71, the refrigerant pipe 13C, and the accumulator 12 in this order, is sucked into the compressor 2 from the refrigerant pipe 13K, and the cycle described above is repeated (indicated by solid arrows in fig. 7).
On the other hand, since the circulation pump 62 is operated, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows through the heat medium heater 63 in the heat medium pipe 66 to the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and the heat medium is cooled by absorbing heat in the refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B. The heat medium flowing out of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 flows to the battery 55 and exchanges heat with the battery 55. Thereby, the battery 55 is cooled, and the heat medium after cooling the battery 55 is sucked into the circulation pump 62, and the above-described circulation is repeated (indicated by a broken-line arrow in fig. 7).
In the above-described battery cooling (single) mode, the heat pump controller 32 also cools the battery 55 by controlling the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 based on the heat medium temperature Tw detected by the heat medium temperature sensor 76.
(9) Battery heating mode
Further, the heat pump controller 32 executes a battery heating mode when performing an air conditioning operation or when charging the battery 55. In the above battery heating mode, the heat pump controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and energizes the heat medium heater 63. The auxiliary expansion valve 68 is fully closed.
Thereby, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the heat medium heater 63 through the heat medium pipe 66. At this time, since the heat medium heater 63 generates heat, the heat medium is heated by the heat medium heater 63 and increases in temperature, then flows into the heat medium flow passage 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, passes through the heat medium flow passage 64A, reaches the battery 55, and exchanges heat with the battery 55. Thereby, the battery 55 is heated, and the heat medium after heating the battery 55 is sucked into the circulation pump 62, and the above-described circulation is repeated.
In the battery heating mode, the heat pump controller 32 controls the energization of the heat medium heater 63 based on the heat medium temperature Tw detected by the heat medium temperature sensor 76 so as to adjust the heat medium temperature Tw to a predetermined target heat medium temperature twoo, thereby heating the battery 55.
(10) Control of the compressor 2 in the heating mode and the dehumidification heating mode
Further, the heat pump controller 32 calculates a target rotation speed of the compressor 2 (compressor target rotation speed) TGNCh according to the control block diagram of fig. 8 based on the radiator pressure Pci in the heating mode and the dehumidification and heating mode. Fig. 8 is a control block diagram of the heat pump controller 32 that calculates a target rotation speed TGNCh of the compressor 2 (compressor target rotation speed) based on the radiator pressure Pci. The F/F (feed forward) operation amount calculation unit 78 of the heat pump controller 32 calculates the F/F operation amount TGNChff of the compressor target rotational speed based on the outside air temperature Tam obtained from the outside air temperature sensor 33, the blower voltage BLV of the indoor blower 27, the air volume ratio SW determined by the air mix damper 28 obtained by SW ═ TAO-Te)/(Thp-Te), the target subcooling degree TGSC as the target value of the subcooling degree SC of the refrigerant at the outlet of the radiator 4, the aforementioned target heater temperature TCO as the target value of the heater temperature Thp, and the target radiator pressure PCO as the target value of the pressure of the radiator 4.
The heater temperature Thp is an air temperature (estimated value) on the leeward side of the radiator 4, and is calculated (estimated) based on the radiator pressure Pci detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47 and the refrigerant outlet temperature Tci detected by the radiator outlet temperature sensor 44. The degree of subcooling SC is calculated based on the refrigerant inlet temperature Tcxin and the refrigerant outlet temperature Tci of the radiator 4 detected by the radiator inlet temperature sensor 43 and the radiator outlet temperature sensor 44.
The target value calculation unit 79 calculates the target radiator pressure PCO based on the target supercooling degree TGSC and the target heater temperature TCO. The F/B (feedback) manipulated variable calculation unit 81 calculates the F/B manipulated variable TGNChfb of the compressor target rotation speed by PID calculation or PI calculation based on the target radiator pressure PCO and the radiator pressure Pci. Further, the F/F manipulated variable TGNChff calculated by the F/F manipulated variable arithmetic operation unit 78 and the F/B manipulated variable TGNChfb calculated by the F/B manipulated variable arithmetic operation unit 81 are added by an adder 82 and input to the limit setting unit 83 as TGNCh 00.
After setting limits as TGNCh0 for the lower limit rotation speed ecnpdlimo and the upper limit rotation speed ECNpdLimHi in the limit setting section 83, it is determined as the compressor target rotation speed TGNCh through the compressor cut-off control section 84. In the normal mode, the heat pump controller 32 controls the operation (rotation speed NC) of the compressor 2 based on the compressor target rotation speed TGNCh calculated based on the radiator pressure Pci.
When the compressor target rotation speed TGNCh is the above-described lower limit rotation speed ecnpdlimo and the state where the radiator pressure Pci rises to the upper limit value PUL in the predetermined upper limit value PUL and the predetermined lower limit value PLL set above and below the target radiator pressure PCO (the state where the radiator pressure Pci is greater than the upper limit value PUL or the state where the radiator pressure Pci is equal to or greater than the upper limit value PUL, the same applies hereinafter) continues for the predetermined time th1, the compressor off control unit 84 enters the on-off mode in which the compressor 2 is stopped and the compressor 2 is on-off controlled.
In the on-off mode of the compressor 2 described above, when the radiator pressure Pci decreases to the lower limit value PLL (when it is smaller than the lower limit value PLL or when it is equal to or smaller than the lower limit value PLL, the compressor 2 is started and the compressor target rotation speed TGNCh is operated as the lower limit rotation speed ecnpdlilo, and when the radiator pressure Pci increases to the upper limit value PUL in this state, the compressor 2 is stopped again. That is, the operation (on) and the stop (off) of the compressor 2 at the lower limit rotation speed ecnpdlimo are repeated. After the radiator pressure Pci is decreased to the lower limit value PUL and the compressor 2 is started, if the state where the radiator pressure Pci is not higher than the lower limit value PUL continues for a predetermined time th2, the on-off mode of the compressor 2 is ended and the normal mode is returned.
(11) Control of outdoor expansion valve 6 and indoor expansion valve 8 in dehumidification and heating mode
Next, an example of control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 by the heat pump controller 32 in the dehumidification and heating mode will be described with reference to fig. 9 and 10. In the dehumidification and heating mode, the heat pump controller 32 controls the rotation speed NC (fig. 8) of the compressor 2 based on the target radiator pressure PCO calculated from the target heater temperature TCO and the radiator pressure Pci (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47 as described above, but controls the valve opening degree based on the heat absorber temperature Te for the outdoor expansion valve 6 and controls the valve opening degree based on the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the heat absorber temperature Te for the indoor expansion valve 8.
(11-1) control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the dehumidification and heating mode
First, an example of the control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the dehumidification and heating mode by the heat pump controller 32 will be described with reference to fig. 9. Fig. 9 shows the transition of the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the dehumidification heating mode. In the embodiment, the heat pump controller 32 changes the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 in three stages based on a change in the heat absorber temperature Te detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48. First, when the outdoor expansion valve 6 is changed from the fully closed state to the state in which the heat absorber temperature Te is lower than the target heat absorber temperature TEO-A, the outdoor expansion valve 6 is opened and the valve opening degree thereof is set to the predetermined valve opening degree 1. Further, a is a predetermined positive value. The valve opening 1 is a predetermined opening smaller than a set maximum opening described later.
When the heat absorber temperature Te further decreases to be lower than the target heat absorber temperature TEO-B in the state where the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is set to the valve opening degree 1, the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is set to the set maximum opening degree. The set maximum opening degree is the maximum value in the control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 set in the dehumidification and heating mode. Further, B is a relationship of A < B. That is, as the heat absorber temperature Te decreases from the target heat absorber temperature TEO, the heat pump controller 32 increases the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6.
As the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 increases, the amount of refrigerant branched to the indoor expansion valve 8 decreases, and therefore the inflow amount of refrigerant flowing into the heat absorber 9 decreases. When the heat absorber temperature Te is increased in a state where the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is the set maximum opening degree and becomes higher than the target heat absorber temperature TEO + C, the heat pump controller 32 decreases the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 to the above-described valve opening degree 1. Further, C is also a predetermined positive value.
When the heat absorber temperature Te further increases and becomes higher than the target heat absorber temperature TEO + D with the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 set to the valve opening degree 1, the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully closed. In addition, D is a relationship of C < D. That is, as the heat absorber temperature Te increases from the target heat absorber temperature TEO, the heat pump controller 32 decreases the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6, and therefore the amount of refrigerant diverted to the indoor expansion valve 8 increases, and the inflow amount of refrigerant flowing into the heat absorber 9 also increases.
In this way, in the dehumidification and heating mode, the heat pump controller 32 basically controls the heat absorber temperature Te to be in the vicinity of the target heat absorber temperature TEO by adjusting the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6. This is referred to as the normal control of the outdoor expansion valve 6.
(11-2) control of the indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and heating mode
Next, an example of the control of the indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and heating mode by the heat pump controller 32 will be described with reference to fig. 10. Fig. 10 shows transition of the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and heating mode. The heat pump controller 32 executes the normal control state when the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is not the set maximum opening degree, and shifts to the open/close control state when the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is the set maximum opening degree.
That is, in the normal control state, the heat pump controller 32 sets the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 to the predetermined valve opening degree 2. The valve opening 2 is the maximum value in the control of the indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and heating mode (the set maximum opening of the indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and heating mode). The maximum value in control of the indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and heating mode is set to be smaller than the maximum value in control of the indoor expansion valve 8 in the dehumidification and cooling mode. The reason for this is that the two-stage decompression action by the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 occurs in the dehumidification-cooling mode. As in the embodiment, by setting the maximum value in the control of the indoor expansion valve 8, it is possible to suppress a temperature drop of the heat absorber 9 in the dehumidification and heating mode, and by controlling the outdoor expansion valve 6 to be slightly opened in the dehumidification and cooling mode, it is possible to achieve dehumidification and cooling in the vehicle interior without any problem, as compared with the case of the dehumidification and heating mode.
In this normal control state, when the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is the set maximum opening degree, the heat pump controller 32 transitions to the open/close control state. When the state is shifted to the open/close control state, the heat pump controller 32 first decreases the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 to a predetermined valve opening degree 3. The valve opening 3 is a predetermined opening smaller than the valve opening 2. That is, when the heat pump controller 32 cannot further control the heat absorber temperature Te due to the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 (since the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 cannot be further increased), the state is shifted to the open/close control state, and the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 is reduced to the valve opening degree 3. In this open/close control state, the heat pump controller 32 fixes the outdoor expansion valve 6 at the set maximum opening degree.
In this open/close control state, the heat pump controller 32 controls the indoor expansion valve 8 to be switched between the above-described valve opening degree 3 and the fully closed state based on a change in the heat absorber temperature Te detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48. That is, when the heat absorber temperature Te further decreases to be lower than the predetermined value t1 even if the outdoor expansion valve 6 is set to the maximum opening degree and the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 is reduced to the valve opening degree 3, the heat pump controller 32 completely closes the indoor expansion valve 8. Thereby, the refrigerant does not further flow into the heat absorber 9, so that the drop in the heat absorber temperature Te is prevented, and freezing of the heat absorber 9 is prevented. The predetermined value t1 is a predetermined low value equal to or higher than the freezing point (zero degrees).
When the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed, and the temperature of the air blown out into the vehicle interior (the blown-out temperature) changes, the heat pump controller 32 controls the blown-out temperature to a target value in accordance with the change in the blown-out temperature, based on the target radiator pressure PCO and the radiator pressure Pci, as described above, and the rotational speed control of the compressor 2.
After the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed, when the heat sink temperature Te rises to exceed another predetermined value t2 higher than the predetermined value t1, the heat pump controller 32 opens the indoor expansion valve 8 and sets the valve opening degree thereof to the above-described valve opening degree 3 (predetermined valve opening degree). In any case, the indoor expansion valve 8 may be opened when the heat absorber temperature Te exceeds the predetermined value t 1. This causes the refrigerant to flow into the heat absorber 9, and the dehumidification of the vehicle interior is restarted.
After that, when the heat absorber temperature Te again falls below the predetermined value t1, the heat pump controller 32 again completely closes the indoor expansion valve 8. In such an open/close control state, when a predetermined recovery condition is satisfied, the heat pump controller 32 returns to the normal control state. The recovery condition is, for example, that the heat absorber temperature Te rises to a temperature higher than the predetermined value t2 or that a predetermined time has elapsed in addition to the rise.
As described above in detail, the heat pump controller 32 constituting the control device 11 completely closes the indoor expansion valve 8 when the heat absorber temperature Te is lower than the predetermined value t1, and therefore, the flow of refrigerant to the heat absorber 9 can be stopped without decreasing the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2, and the problem that the heat absorber 9 freezes can be avoided.
This eliminates the problem of a drop in the amount of air blown into the vehicle interior, and allows the target air-blowing temperature to be achieved smoothly when the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 is controlled based on the radiator pressure Pci (an index by which the temperature of the air blown into the vehicle interior can be grasped) as in the example.
In this case, in the embodiment, the heat pump controller 32 increases the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 as the heat absorber temperature Te decreases, and sets the indoor expansion valve 8 to be fully closed when the outdoor expansion valve 6 is set to the maximum opening degree and the heat absorber temperature Te is lower than the predetermined value t1, so that the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the heat absorber 9 can be controlled by the outdoor expansion valve 6 while the decrease in the heat absorber temperature Te is coped with by the outdoor expansion valve 6, and the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the heat absorber 9 can be stopped by the indoor expansion valve 8 when the decrease in the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the heat absorber 9 by the outdoor expansion valve 6 reaches the limit.
In particular, in the embodiment, the heat pump controller 32 reduces the opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 from the valve opening degree 2 to the valve opening degree 3 when the outdoor expansion valve 6 is set to the maximum opening degree, and sets the indoor expansion valve 8 to the fully closed state when the heat absorber temperature Te is lower than the predetermined value t1, and therefore, if the heat absorber temperature Te is not lower than the predetermined value t1 by reducing the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8, it is not necessary to set the indoor expansion valve 8 to the fully closed state. Therefore, the dehumidification capability in the vehicle interior can be maintained while preventing the heat absorber 9 from freezing.
In the embodiment, since the heat pump controller 32 opens the indoor expansion valve 8 at the predetermined valve opening 3 when the heat absorber temperature Te exceeds the predetermined value t1 or exceeds the predetermined value t2 higher than the predetermined value t1 after the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed, the heat absorber temperature Te rises after the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed, and thus the supply of refrigerant to the heat absorber 9 can be restarted without any trouble, and dehumidification of the vehicle interior can be started.
It is needless to say that the configuration and numerical value of the refrigerant circuit R and the transition conditions related to the control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 described in the embodiments are not limited thereto, and may be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention. In the embodiment, the present invention has been described with reference to the vehicle air conditioner 1 having the respective operation modes such as the heating mode, the dehumidification cooling mode, the air-conditioning (priority) + battery cooling mode, but the present invention is not limited to this, and is also effective, for example, in a vehicle air conditioner capable of executing the dehumidification heating mode and the dehumidification cooling mode.
(symbol description)
1 vehicle air conditioner
2 compressor
3 air flow path
4 radiator
6 outdoor expansion valve
7 outdoor heat exchanger
8 indoor expansion valve
9 Heat absorber
11 control device
32 heat pump controller
45 air conditioner controller
R refrigerant circuit.
Claims (6)
1. An air conditioning device for a vehicle, comprising:
a compressor that compresses a refrigerant;
a radiator for radiating heat from the refrigerant to heat air supplied into the vehicle interior;
a heat absorber for cooling air supplied into the vehicle interior by absorbing heat from a refrigerant;
an outdoor heat exchanger disposed outside the vehicle compartment;
an outdoor expansion valve for decompressing the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger,
an indoor expansion valve for decompressing the refrigerant flowing into the heat absorber; and
a control device for controlling the operation of the motor,
at least a dehumidification and heating mode is executed by the control device,
in the dehumidification and heating mode, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is caused to radiate heat in the radiator, and the refrigerant from which heat has been radiated is branched, one of the refrigerants is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve, and then the one of the refrigerants absorbs heat in the heat absorber, and the other of the refrigerants is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve, and then the other of the refrigerants absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger,
the control device completely closes the indoor expansion valve when the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than a predetermined value.
2. The air conditioning device for vehicles according to claim 1,
the control device controls the rotation speed of the compressor based on an index that can grasp the temperature of the air blown out into the vehicle interior.
3. The air conditioning device for vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
the control device increases the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve as the temperature of the heat absorber decreases, and sets the indoor expansion valve to be fully closed when the outdoor expansion valve is set to a maximum opening degree and the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than the predetermined value.
4. A vehicular air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 3,
the control device reduces the valve opening of the indoor expansion valve when the outdoor expansion valve is at a set maximum opening, and sets the indoor expansion valve to be fully closed when the temperature of the heat absorber is lower than the predetermined value.
5. The air conditioning device for vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4,
the control device opens the indoor expansion valve at a predetermined valve opening degree when the temperature of the heat absorber exceeds the predetermined value or exceeds a predetermined value higher than the predetermined value after the indoor expansion valve is fully closed.
6. The air conditioning device for vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5,
the control device executes a dehumidification cooling mode in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated in the expansion valve and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant after radiation is decompressed in the indoor expansion valve, and then the refrigerant absorbs heat in the heat absorber, and a dehumidification cooling mode is executed in which the refrigerant after radiation is decompressed in the indoor expansion valve, and the refrigerant absorbs heat in the heat absorber
The maximum value in the control of the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve in the dehumidification heating mode is set to be smaller than the maximum value in the control of the valve opening degree of the indoor expansion valve in the dehumidification cooling mode.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019025833A JP7233953B2 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2019-02-15 | Vehicle air conditioner |
| JP2019-025833 | 2019-02-15 | ||
| PCT/JP2020/001460 WO2020166274A1 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2020-01-17 | Vehicle air conditioner |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113453926A true CN113453926A (en) | 2021-09-28 |
Family
ID=72043854
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202080012854.5A Pending CN113453926A (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2020-01-17 | Air conditioner for vehicle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7233953B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN113453926A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112020000828T5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020166274A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3129326A1 (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-05-26 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Process for dehumidifying a passenger compartment of a vehicle |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112020000828T5 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
| WO2020166274A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
| JP2020131846A (en) | 2020-08-31 |
| JP7233953B2 (en) | 2023-03-07 |
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Effective date of registration: 20221207 Address after: Ise City Shou Qi Japanese qunma County town 20 times Applicant after: SANDEN Corp. Address before: Gunma Applicant before: SANDEN AUTOMOTIVE CLIMATE SYSTEMS Corp. |