CN113367061A

CN113367061A - Method for improving pollination rate of soybeans

Info

Publication number: CN113367061A
Application number: CN202110617188.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 闫德斌; 李杰銮; 常志光; 王鹏年; 孙志禹; 何金明
Original assignee: Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
Current assignee: Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
Priority date: 2021-05-29
Filing date: 2021-05-29
Publication date: 2021-09-10
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-29
Also published as: CN113367061B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop pollination, in particular to a method for improving the pollination rate of soybeans.

Description

Method for improving pollination rate of soybeans

Technical Field

Background

Soybeans are self-pollinating plants, and soybeans planted in common can be normally subjected to pod formation without insect pollination. However, the hybrid seed production soybeans can only be fruited by artificial pollination or insect pollination, and the problems of high labor intensity, high labor cost, low efficiency and the like exist in the artificial pollination. The insect pollination can not only increase the yield, but also improve the quality of fruits and seeds, improve the vitality of offspring, and is beneficial to improving the ecological environment and ensuring the health of people. The flower-visiting insects pollinate crops and fruits and vegetables, and the improvement of the fruit setting rate and the quality is confirmed. However, the soybean has less nectar and pollen, low flower fragrance and small attraction to the flower-visiting insects, and the pollination effect of the soybean hybrid seeds by using the method of pollinating other crops by the flower-visiting insects is not ideal, the pollination effect is poor, and the outcrossing rate is low, so that the seed production effect is influenced. Therefore, the problem of high-efficiency pollination in the hybrid seed production of the soybeans is a bottleneck which troubles the key technology of the field seed production of the hybrid seeds of the soybeans, so that the hybrid seeds of the soybeans cannot be popularized in a large area, and the industrialization process of the hybrid soybeans is hindered. Therefore, how to make the flower-visiting insects to efficiently pollinate the soybeans becomes the urgent priority of the soybean hybrid seed technology.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the method for improving the pollination rate of the soybeans, disclosed by the invention, the pollen source plants in the same flowering phase with the soybeans are planted in the middle of the soybean crops, and are collected before flower-visiting insects are attracted to pollinate the soybeans sufficiently in time, so that the maturing rate and the yield of the soybeans for hybrid seed production are improved.

The method for improving the pollination rate of the soybeans comprises the following steps of ridge planting of male parents and female parents, and planting pollen source plants which have the same flowering phase with the soybeans on the ridges of the male parents at intervals.

Further, the honey powder source plant is one or more of sweet clover, buckwheat, elsholtzia, motherwort, dropwort, scallion, hot pepper, perilla and thorn.

Furthermore, the planting ratio of the soybean male parent and the soybean female parent is 1: 2, and 3-5 male parent ridges without planting the honey powder source plants are arranged between the two male parent ridges with the honey powder source plants.

Further, the honey powder source plants planted on the male parent ridges at intervals and having the same flowering period as the soybeans are specifically as follows: planting 1-5 pollen source plants every 20-30 meters.

Further, during pollination of the flower-visiting insects, the attractant is sprayed on the soybean plants, so as to attract the flower-visiting insects to pollinate the soybeans.

Further, the attractant comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 3-5 parts of rose essential oil, 30-50 parts of vegetable oil, 3-5 parts of citral, 1-2 parts of eugenol, 5-10 parts of sweetener, 0.2-0.8 part of citric acid, 3-5 parts of propylene glycol, 0.5-2 parts of surfactant, 1-5 parts of co-emulsifier and 30-50 parts of water.

Further, the vegetable oil is one or more of coconut oil, corn oil and rapeseed oil, the sweetener is one or more of sucrose, fructose and glucose, the surfactant is SP-80 and/or TW-80, and the co-emulsifier comprises an antifoaming agent.

Further, the preparation method of the attractant comprises the following steps:

mixing sweetener, auxiliary emulsifier, citric acid and water to obtain water phase solution;

dissolving flos Rosae Rugosae essential oil, citral, eugenol, and surfactant in vegetable oil to obtain oil phase solution;

and dripping the oil phase solution into the water phase solution under the condition of high-speed stirring to fully mix the oil phase solution and the water phase solution, adding propylene glycol, and continuously stirring and mixing to obtain the attractant.

Further, the attractant is diluted by 50-100 times with water and then sprayed.

Furthermore, the spraying frequency of the attractant is 3-5 days.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the method, the pollen source plants in the same flowering period as the soybeans are planted among the soybean plants, so that a certain number of pollen source plants are uniformly distributed in the seed production soybean field, and therefore in the flowering season of the pollen source plants and the soybeans, the pollen source plants can attract a large number of pollen-visiting insects to collect before, and in the process that the pollen-visiting insects find and collect the pollen sources in the soybean field, a large number of soybean flowers can be found, so that the pollen-visiting insects can be promoted to collect before actively, and the pollination insects can be stably made in the seed production field, so that the pollen of the hybrid seed production soybeans can be continuously pollinated, and the purpose of timely pollinating the soybeans is achieved. Meanwhile, the pollen source plants are regularly planted at intervals, so that pollinating insects in a pollination field can be uniformly distributed in a soybean field, the whole seed production field can be ensured to be capable of pollinating sufficiently in time, and a better effect is achieved; and the honey powder source plants are regularly planted, so that the maturity and harvesting of the soybeans are not influenced. Experiments prove that the honey powder source plants are regularly planted on the male parent ridges, the average podding of the soybeans is 38.5, the average yield per mu of the seed-production soybeans is 136.8 kilograms per mu, and the yield per mu is improved by more than 8.9 percent compared with that of a control field.

In a further aspect of the present invention, the method for spraying the attractant to the soybean plant during pollination by the flowering insect is defined, and the step of defining the attractant comprises the following steps: rose essential oil, vegetable oil, citral, eugenol, sweetener, citric acid, propylene glycol, surfactant, co-emulsifier, and water; the rose essential oil can emit fragrance of roses and attract the pollen collected before the flower-visiting insects, and the citral and the eugenol can stimulate the pollen collection of the flower-visiting insects, so that the collection enthusiasm of the flower-visiting insects is improved, the flower-visiting frequency of the flower-visiting insects is increased, and the soybean pollination efficiency is improved; the sweetening agent can be used as food to provide necessary nutrient supply for honey collection of the flower insects, and simultaneously, when the sweetening agent is eaten, enzymes in saliva can be stained on crops, so that the sweetening agent can attract follow-up honey collection again, and the flower frequency is increased. The propylene glycol and the citric acid play roles of a stabilizer and an antioxidant, and can react with free radical substances, so that the oxidation reaction of grease and free radicals in the attractant is reduced, and the stability of the attractant is improved. The surfactant and the co-emulsifier can reduce the surface tension of the liquid, promote the attractant to spread on the surface of the soybean crop and promote the volatilization of volatile substances.

Meanwhile, in the preparation process of the attractant, raw materials are respectively dissolved in an oil phase and a water phase to prepare an emulsifier, so that on one hand, the oil phase as an active substance carrier can play a role in preventing the active ingredients from volatilizing rapidly, so that the effect is more durable, the spraying frequency can be reduced, and the cost is reduced; on the other hand, the attractant prepared based on the invention is in a micro-emulsion form, and the coconut oil is helpful for reducing the surface tension of the attractant, so that the attractant can be fully wetted and permeate into the surface of a soybean plant body, the adhesion capability of the attractant on the plant body is improved, the false appearance that the active substance component is emitted by soybean crops per se is presented, and the positivity of honey pollination of flower-accessing insects is improved.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods or materials in connection with which they pertain. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

Selecting a field suitable for soybean growth in the same plot, averagely dividing the field into 13 blocks, and spacing 10m between the blocks, sowing the soybean hybrid seeds according to the following modes respectively, implementing normal field management, reasonably fertilizing, irrigating, preventing insects, shoveling, and the like, ensuring that the soybeans are not affected by plant diseases and insect pests, severe drought, and the like, and keeping the normal growth vigor of the soybeans.

Example 1

The hybrid soybean seed production includes ridge-separating and ridge-planting 1 ridge male parent → 2 ridge female parent, and planting male parent 11 ridges and female parent 20 ridges in total, each ridge being 150m in length.

Example 2

The difference from the example 1 is that leonurus seeds are planted on the male parent in the 1 st ridge, the male parent in the 5 th ridge and the male parent in the 10 th ridge at intervals of 30 meters (namely, on each point of 0 meter, 30 meters, 60 meters, 90 meters, 120 meters and 150 meters), and 2 seedlings are selected and left when the seedlings emerge. Thus, a certain amount of honey powder source plants are uniformly distributed in the seed production field.

Example 3

The difference from the example 1 is that seeds of sweet clover are planted at intervals of 30 meters (namely, at each point of 0 meter, 30 meters, 60 meters, 90 meters, 120 meters and 150 meters) on the 1 st ridge male parent, the 5 th ridge male parent and the 10 th ridge male parent respectively, and 2 seedlings are selected and reserved when seedlings emerge. Thus, a certain amount of honey powder source plants are uniformly distributed in the seed production field.

Example 4

The difference from example 1 is that buckwheat seeds are planted at intervals of 30 meters (namely, at each point of 0 meter, 30 meters, 60 meters, 90 meters, 120 meters and 150 meters) on the 1 st ridge male parent, the 5 th ridge male parent and the 10 th ridge male parent respectively, and 2 seedlings are selected and remained when seedlings emerge. Thus, a certain amount of honey powder source plants are uniformly distributed in the seed production field.

Example 5

The difference from the example 2 is that the attractant is sprayed every 3 days when the soybean enters the flowering period; the preparation method of the attractant comprises the following steps:

weighing the following raw materials: 5 parts of rose essential oil, 35 parts of vegetable oil (coconut oil), 4 parts of citral, 2 parts of eugenol, 8 parts of sweetening agent (glucose), 0.6 part of citric acid, 4 parts of propylene glycol, 1 part of surfactant (SP-80), 3 parts of co-emulsifier (organic silicon defoamer) and 40 parts of water;

mixing sweetener, auxiliary emulsifier, citric acid and water to obtain water phase solution; dissolving flos Rosae Rugosae essential oil, citral, eugenol, and surfactant in vegetable oil to obtain oil phase solution;

dripping the oil phase solution into the water phase solution under the condition of high-speed stirring at 1500r/min to fully mix the two, adding propylene glycol, continuously stirring and mixing to obtain the attractant, adding water to dilute by 100 times, and spraying.

Example 6

The difference from example 5 is that the starting materials: 3 parts of rose essential oil, 30 parts of vegetable oil (coconut oil), 5 parts of citral, 1 part of eugenol, 10 parts of sweetening agent (glucose), 0.2 part of citric acid, 3 parts of propylene glycol, 0.5 part of surfactant (SP-80), 5 parts of co-emulsifier (organic silicon defoamer) and 50 parts of water.

Example 7

The difference from example 5 is that the starting materials: 5 parts of rose essential oil, 50 parts of vegetable oil (coconut oil), 3 parts of citral, 2 parts of eugenol, 5 parts of a sweetening agent (glucose), 0.8 part of citric acid, 5 parts of propylene glycol, 2 parts of a surfactant (SP-80), 5 parts of an auxiliary emulsifier (an organic silicon defoamer) and 30 parts of water.

Example 8

In the field seed production of the soybean hybrid, according to 1 ridge male parent → 2 ridges female parent, ridge separation and interplanting are carried out, 11 ridges of male parents and 20 ridges of female parents are planted in total, and the length of each ridge is 150 m; planting a ridge of leonurus seeds between the 10 th ridge of the female parent and the 6 th ridge of the male parent.

Example 9

In the field seed production of the soybean hybrid, according to 1 ridge male parent → 2 ridges female parent, ridge separation and interplanting are carried out, 11 ridges of male parents and 20 ridges of female parents are planted in total, and the length of each ridge is 150 m; a ridge of motherwort seeds is transversely planted at the position of 75m of the ridge length.

Example 10

The same as example 5 except that the coconut oil was replaced with corn oil.

Example 11

The difference from example 5 is that the coconut oil is replaced by rapeseed oil.

Example 12

The difference from example 5 is that the raw vegetable oil is omitted.

Example 13

The difference from example 5 is that the attractant is mediated by commercially available product bees.

The average pod bearing number and yield of soybeans planted in the fields of examples 1-13 were counted, and the results are shown in table 1;

TABLE 1

——	Mean pod bearing number	Yield per mu	——	Mean pod bearing number	Yield per mu
						Example 1	23.3 of	97.5kg	Example 8	35.4 of	98.4kg
Example 2	38.5 of	136.8kg	Example 9	35.9 of	99.8kg
						Example 3	37.3 of	112.5kg	Example 10	41.7 of	142.6kg
Example 4	37.5 are	106.6kg	Example 11	40.6 of	141.4kg
						Example 5	45.6 of	152.1kg	Example 12	39.5 of	139.1kg
Example 6	43.5 of	147.2kg	Example 13	41.6	142.9kg
						Example 7	46.1 of	146.7kg	——	——	——

As can be seen from table 1, pollination efficiency of hybrid seed production soybeans can be significantly improved by planting honeymeal source plants on male parent ridges at intervals, so that the pod numbers and the soybean yields of the soybeans are improved, the technical effects can be further improved by further spraying the attractant prepared by the invention, and meanwhile, the coconut oil has a more significant improvement effect on the pollination rate of the soybeans than corn oil and rapeseed oil, as proved by experiments, the reason for the improvement effect and the absorption utilization rate of the attractant prepared by coconut oil in the form of an emulsifier on the surfaces of crops are higher.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A method for improving pollination rate of soybean is characterized in that male parent and female parent are planted in ridges in a separated mode, and pollen source plants in the same flowering period as soybean are planted on the ridges of the male parent at intervals.

2. The method for increasing the pollination rate of soybean according to claim 1, wherein the pollen source plant is one or more of sweet clover, buckwheat, elsholtzia, motherwort, dropwort, scallion, hot pepper, perilla and thorn.

3. The method for increasing the pollination rate of soybean according to claim 1, wherein the planting ratio of the soybean male parent to the soybean female parent is 1: 2, and 3-5 male parent ridges not planted with the pollen source plant are arranged between two male parent ridges planted with the pollen source plant.

4. The method for improving the pollination rate of the soybeans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting of the pollen source plants on the male parent ridges at intervals, which are in the same flowering phase with the soybeans, is specifically as follows: planting 1-5 pollen source plants every 20-30 meters.

5. The method for increasing the pollination rate of soybean of claim 1, wherein an attractant is sprayed to the soybean plants during pollination.

6. The method for improving the pollination rate of soybean according to claim 5, wherein the attractant raw materials comprise, in parts by mass: 3-5 parts of rose essential oil, 30-50 parts of vegetable oil, 3-5 parts of citral, 1-2 parts of eugenol, 5-10 parts of sweetener, 0.2-0.8 part of citric acid, 3-5 parts of propylene glycol, 0.5-2 parts of surfactant, 1-5 parts of co-emulsifier and 30-50 parts of water.

7. The method for increasing the pollination rate of soybean according to claim 6, wherein the vegetable oil is one or more of coconut oil, corn oil and rapeseed oil, the sweetener is one or more of sucrose, fructose and glucose, the surfactant is SP-80 and/or TW-80, and the co-emulsifier comprises an antifoaming agent.

8. The method for increasing the pollination rate of soybean according to claim 7, wherein the attractant is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:

9. The method for improving the pollination rate of the soybeans as claimed in claim 7, wherein the attractant is sprayed after being diluted by 50-100 times by adding water.

10. The method for increasing the pollination rate of soybean according to claim 5, wherein the attractant is sprayed once every 3-5 days.