CN113341352B - Magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on alkali metal atom air chamber - Google Patents
Magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on alkali metal atom air chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN113341352B CN113341352B CN202110597126.1A CN202110597126A CN113341352B CN 113341352 B CN113341352 B CN 113341352B CN 202110597126 A CN202110597126 A CN 202110597126A CN 113341352 B CN113341352 B CN 113341352B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on an alkali metal atom gas chamber, which comprises a processor, an excitation component, a signal acquisition component and an atom gas chamber filled with alkali metal atoms. And the other laser is used for cesium atom ground state spin polarization, a modulation magnetic field is generated through a Helmholtz coil, the frequency of the magnetic field is scanned, the resonance frequency is obtained through magnetic resonance signal detection, the size of the external magnetic field is further obtained, and the simultaneous measurement of the microwave field and the magnetic field is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision measurement, in particular to a magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on an alkali metal atom gas chamber.
Background
Electromagnetic field measurement is one of the most important physical parameters in precision measurement science. Wherein, the weak magnetic measurement in the electromagnetic field measurement has important application value in the fields of resource exploration, magnetic substance detection, biomedicine and aerospace.
Microwaves also belong to electromagnetic fields, and the measurement of microwaves has important application in the fields of communication, radar, industrial production, remote sensing, astronomical observation and the like. At present, high-precision microwave measurement mainly depends on the traditional dipole antenna, the measurement precision is difficult to reach the uV/cm magnitude, and the requirement of precise measurement cannot be met. The rydberg atoms have a large polarizability due to a large electric dipole moment and are very sensitive to electromagnetic fields. The quantum coherence characteristics (electromagnetic induction transparent EIT and Autler-Townes effect) of the rydberg atoms are utilized to measure the intensity of the microwave electric field, and the method has the advantage of being far superior to the intensity of the microwave electric field measured by a traditional dipole moment antenna.
Both magnetic and microwave fields have been measured in previous studies with a single field and no attempt has been made to measure both fields simultaneously. But both have in common that the measurement is carried out using a gas cell of alkali metal atoms. In a typical thermal atom-based rydberg atom measurement microwave system, only a few atoms are excited to the atomic state of the rydberg, and a large number of atoms are in the ground state and are not utilized. Spin polarization can be carried out on ground state atoms through an optical pumping mode, and magnetic field measurement can be realized through spin magnetic moments of the polarized ground state atoms. Therefore, spin polarization is realized by using the ground state atoms in the cesium atom gas chamber through pump light, simultaneously, a Reidberg excited state is realized by using the double-energy level laser, the atoms polarized in the ground state can realize magnetic field measurement, and the Reidberg atoms in the excited state realize microwave field measurement through AT effect, namely, the magnetic field and the microwave field are simultaneously measured in the same atom gas chamber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on an alkali metal atom gas chamber.
The technical scheme of the magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber is as follows:
the device comprises a processor, an excitation component, a signal acquisition component and an atomic gas chamber filled with alkali metal atoms;
the excitation component is used for exciting alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber from a ground state to a Reedberg state;
the signal acquisition component is configured to: when the alkali metal atoms in the rydberg state are changed by the microwave to be detected, signal data are obtained;
and the processor is used for calculating the field intensity of the microwave to be detected according to the signal data.
The magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, an excitation component excites alkali metal atoms in an atom gas chamber from a ground state to a Reedberg state, then, when the alkali metal atoms in the Reedberg state change due to microwaves to be detected, a signal acquisition component acquires signal data, and finally, a processor is used for calculating the field intensity of the microwaves to be detected according to the signal data and measuring the field intensity of the microwaves by using the quantum coherence property of the Reedberg atoms.
On the basis of the scheme, the magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber can be further improved as follows.
Further, the excitation means comprises a first laser, and a second laser;
the first laser is used for emitting first laser, and alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the ground state are excited to an intermediate state through the first laser;
the second laser is used for emitting second laser, and alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the intermediate state are excited to the Reidberg state through the second laser.
Further, the excitation component further comprises a first polarization beam splitter prism, a first half-wave plate, a first semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror, a second polarization beam splitter prism, a second half-wave plate and a second semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror;
the first laser, the first polarization beam splitter prism, the first half-wave plate and the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror are sequentially arranged, so that the first laser sequentially passes through the first polarization beam splitter prism and the first half-wave plate and is reflected by the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror to obtain first incident laser;
the second laser, the second polarization beam splitter prism, the second half-wave plate and the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror are sequentially arranged, so that the second laser sequentially passes through the second polarization beam splitter prism and the second half-wave plate and is reflected by the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror to obtain second incident laser;
The first incident laser and the second incident laser are opposite and incident to the atomic gas chamber, the alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the ground state are excited to an intermediate state by the first incident laser, and the alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the intermediate state are excited to a rydberg state by the second incident laser.
Further, the signal data acquisition component is a first photoelectric detector, the first photoelectric detector is used for receiving first transmission laser, when the microwave to be detected changes the alkali metal atoms in the rydberg state, the frequency of the first incident laser or the frequency of the second incident laser is scanned to obtain an EIT-AT split spectrum signal, the EIT-AT split spectrum signal is the signal data, and the first transmission laser is light emitted after the first incident laser passes through the atom gas chamber.
Further, the processor is specifically configured to: obtaining splitting delta f according to the EIT-AT splitting spectrum signal, and calculating the field intensity | E | of the microwave to be detected according to a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein λ ispDenotes the wavelength, λ, of the first laser lightcRepresents the wavelength of the second laser light and, 
Is Planck constant, μmWRepresenting the coupling constant of the rydberg atomic energy level.
Further, the atomic gas cell also comprises a pumping laser and a Helmholtz coil, and the atomic gas cell is positioned in a magnetic field uniform region of the Helmholtz coil;
the pump laser is used for emitting third laser and carrying out spin polarization on the alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the ground state through the third laser;
the processor is further configured to: adjusting the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil until the true frequency value f of the magnetic field of the Helmholtz coil is matched with the Larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atoms in the magnetic field to be detected, and calculating the field intensity B of the magnetic field to be detected by a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein γ represents the gyromagnetic ratio of an alkali metal atom.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the pump laser emits third laser, alkali metal atoms in a ground state are subjected to spin polarization through the third laser, atom spin in an atom air chamber can keep ultrahigh coherence at the moment, the third laser has extremely high sensitivity to a magnetic field, the precision of the measured magnetic field can reach the fT magnitude, the requirement of accurate measurement can be met, the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil is adjusted until the real frequency value f of the magnetic field of the Helmholtz coil is matched with the pull-in frequency of the alkali metal atoms subjected to spin polarization in the Mohr magnetic field to be detected, the field intensity B of the magnetic field to be detected is calculated through a second formula, the calculation complexity is greatly reduced, and the calculation efficiency is improved.
The laser device comprises a pumping laser, an atom air chamber and a quarter wave plate, wherein the pumping laser is arranged between the pumping laser and the atom air chamber, the pumping laser is used for emitting third laser which is linearly polarized light, the third laser passes through the quarter wave plate to obtain third incident laser which is circularly polarized light, and the third incident laser carries out spin polarization on alkali metal atoms in the atom air chamber, wherein the alkali metal atoms are in a ground state.
Further, a second photodetector is included, the second photodetector being configured to: and acquiring an optical signal of third transmission laser, and determining whether the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil after adjustment is matched with the Larmor precession frequency of the alkali metal atom after spin polarization in the magnetic field to be detected according to the optical signal of the third transmission laser, wherein the third transmission laser is light emitted after the third incident laser passes through an atom air chamber.
The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: when the frequency of the magnetic field of the helmholtz coil is matched with the larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atom in the magnetic field to be detected, the spin-polarized alkali metal atom can resonate, when the spin-polarized alkali metal atom resonates, an optical signal obtained by the second photoelectric detector can be reduced, the photoelectric detector receives the optical signal of the third transmission laser, obtains resonance information on the optical signal, further obtains the frequency of the scanning magnetic field when the resonance occurs, and obtains the true frequency value f of the magnetic field of the helmholtz coil.
Further, the polarization beam splitter prism is positioned between the pump laser and the quarter wave plate.
Further, the alkali metal atom is a cesium atom or a rubidium atom.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on an alkali metal atom gas chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the integrated measuring device of the magnetic field and the microwave field based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber of the embodiment of the invention comprises a processor, an excitation component, a signal acquisition component and an atom gas chamber 12 filled with alkali metal atoms 22;
the excitation component is used for exciting the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atom gas chamber 12 from a ground state to a rydberg state;
the signal acquisition component is configured to: when the alkali metal atoms 22 in the rydberg state are changed by the microwave to be detected, signal data are acquired;
and the processor is used for calculating the field intensity of the microwave to be detected according to the signal data.
The atomic gas chamber 12 is adjusted to different temperatures according to different alkali metal atoms 22 to ensure that the alkali metal atoms 22 are in a gasified state, the alkali metal atoms 22 are rubidium atoms or cesium atoms, preferably cesium atoms, the atomic gas chamber 12 is not limited to be square, and can be cross-shaped, cylindrical, spherical and the like, and can be set according to actual conditions.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the excitation means comprises a first laser 1 and a second laser 3;
the first laser 1 is used for emitting first laser 16, and alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas chamber 12 in the ground state are excited to an intermediate state by the first laser 16; to excite the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the ground state to an intermediate state, the optical power of the first laser 16 of the first laser 1 is typically set between 0.1uW and 5 mW;
the second laser 3 is used for emitting second laser 18, and exciting the alkali metal atom 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the intermediate state to the rydberg state through the second laser 18, and in order to excite the alkali metal atom 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the intermediate state to the rydberg state, the optical power of the second laser 18 of the second laser 3 is generally set to be between 1mW and 50 mW; wherein the first laser 1 may be defined as a detection laser and the second laser 3 may be defined as a coupling laser.
Here, it is understood that not all of the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 are excited to the intermediate state, nor all of the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the intermediate state are excited to the reed burger state, and in fact, some of the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the ground state are excited to the intermediate state by the first laser 16, and some of the alkali metal atoms 22 in the intermediate state are excited to the reed burger state by the second laser 18.
Wherein, when the alkali metal atom 22 is a cesium atom, the intermediate state corresponding to the cesium atom is 6P3/2Each alkali metal atom 22 corresponds to a different intermediate state, which is not described in detail herein.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the excitation component further includes a first polarization beam splitter prism 4, a first half-wave plate 7, a first half-mirror 10, a second polarization beam splitter prism 6, a second half-wave plate 9, and a second half-mirror 13;
the first laser 1, the first polarization beam splitter prism 4, the first half-wave plate 7 and the first half-mirror 10 are sequentially arranged, so that the first laser 16 sequentially passes through the first polarization beam splitter prism 4 and the first half-wave plate 7 and is reflected by the first half-mirror 10 to obtain a first incident laser 19;
the second laser 3, the second polarization beam splitter prism 6, the second half-wave plate 9 and the second half-mirror 13 are sequentially arranged, so that the second laser 18 sequentially passes through the second polarization beam splitter prism 6, the second half-wave plate 9 and is reflected by the second half-mirror 13 to obtain a second incident laser 21;
the first incident laser 19 and the second incident laser 21 are opposite and are incident to the atomic gas cell 12, the first incident laser 19 excites the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12, which are in the ground state, to an intermediate state, and the second incident laser 21 excites the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12, which are in the intermediate state, to a riedberg state.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the signal data obtaining component is a first photodetector 14, the first photodetector 14 is configured to receive first transmission laser, and when the microwave to be detected changes the alkali metal atom 22 in the rydberg state, the frequency of the first incident laser 19 or the frequency of the second incident laser 21 is scanned to obtain an EIT-AT split spectrum signal, which is the signal data, where the first transmission laser is light emitted by the first incident laser 19 after passing through the atom gas cell 12.
The first incident laser light 19 and the second incident laser light 21 can be relatively understood as follows: the first incident laser light 19 and the second incident laser light 21 are reversely superposed, which is specifically represented by: the first and second transmitted lasers coincide.
The integrated measuring device for the magnetic field and the microwave field based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber comprises an excitation component, a signal acquisition component, a processor and a microwave measuring component, wherein the excitation component excites the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atom gas chamber 12 from a ground state to a Reidberg state, then the signal acquisition component acquires signal data when the alkali metal atoms 22 in the Reidberg state are changed by microwaves to be detected, the processor is used for calculating the field intensity of the microwaves to be detected according to the signal data, the field intensity of the microwaves is measured by utilizing the quantum coherence property of the Reidberg atoms, namely the EIT-AT effect, the EIT-AT effect comprises an electromagnetic induction transparent EIT (EIT is short for electromagnetic induction transmitted attenuation) and the European Leo-Thouse effect, the integrated measuring device has the advantage of being far superior to the traditional dipole moment antenna in measuring the field intensity of the microwaves, the measuring precision can reach the uV/cm magnitude so as to meet the requirement of precise measurement, and the frequency measuring range of the measurable microwaves is 1-900GHz, among them, the Otherley-Townes effect is also called Autler-Townes effect.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the processor is specifically configured to: obtaining splitting delta f according to the EIT-AT splitting spectrum signal, and calculating the field intensity | E | of the microwave to be detected according to a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein λ ispDenotes the wavelength, λ, of the first laser light 16cRepresenting the wavelength of the second laser light 18,
is Planck constant, μmWRepresenting the coupling constant of the rydberg atomic energy level.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the atomic gas cell further includes a pump laser 2 and a helmholtz coil 11, and the atomic gas cell 12 is located in a magnetic field uniform region of the helmholtz coil 11;
the pump laser 2 is used for emitting third laser 17, and spin-polarizes the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the ground state through the third laser 17;
the processor is further configured to: adjusting the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the helmholtz coil 11 until the true frequency value f of the magnetic field of the helmholtz coil 11 matches the larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atoms 22 in the magnetic field to be detected, and calculating the field strength B of the magnetic field to be detected by a second formula: 
Wherein γ represents the gyromagnetic ratio of the alkali metal atom 22. It is understood that when the alkali metal atoms 22 are cesium atoms, γ represents the gyromagnetic ratio of cesium atoms, and when the alkali metal atoms 22 are rubidium atoms, γ represents the gyromagnetic ratio of rubidium atoms.
The pump laser 2 emits the third laser 17, and spin-polarizes the alkali metal atom 22 in the ground state by the third laser 17, at this time, the atomic spin in the atomic gas chamber 12 can maintain an ultra-high coherence and has an extremely high sensitivity to the magnetic field, that is, the spin-polarized alkali metal atom 22 has a higher magnetic field sensitivity than the non-spin-polarized alkali metal atom 22, the accuracy of the magnetic field measured by the spin-polarized alkali metal atom 22 can reach the fT magnitude, and the requirement of accurate measurement can be met, and by adjusting the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the helmholtz coil 11 until the true frequency value f of the magnetic field of the helmholtz coil 11 matches the larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atom 22 in the magnetic field to be detected, and then the field strength B of the magnetic field to be detected is calculated by the second formula, the calculation complexity is greatly reduced, and the calculation efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the laser device further includes a quarter-wave plate 8 disposed between the pump laser device 2 and the atom gas chamber 12, the pump laser device 2 is configured to emit third laser 17 that is linearly polarized light, the third laser 17 passes through the quarter-wave plate 8 to obtain third incident laser 20 that is circularly polarized light, and the third incident laser 20 performs spin polarization on alkali metal atoms 22 in the atom gas chamber 12, which are in a ground state.
It is understood that third incident laser light 20 does not spin-polarize all of alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the ground state, and in fact, third incident laser light 20 does not spin-polarize some of alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 in the ground state.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the display device further includes a second photodetector 15, where the second photodetector 15 is configured to: acquiring an optical signal of third transmission laser, and determining whether the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the helmholtz coil 11 after adjustment matches with the larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atom 22 in the magnetic field to be detected according to the optical signal of the third transmission laser, where the third transmission laser is light emitted after the third incident laser 20 passes through the atom gas chamber 12.
When the frequency of the magnetic field of the helmholtz coil 11 matches the larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atom 22 in the magnetic field to be detected, the spin-polarized alkali metal atom 22 may resonate, and when the resonance occurs, the optical signal obtained by the second photodetector 15 may decrease, and the photodetector receives and obtains resonance information on the optical signal according to the optical signal of the third transmission laser, so as to obtain the frequency of the scanning magnetic field when the resonance occurs, that is, obtain the true frequency value f of the magnetic field of the helmholtz coil 11.
The manner in which the alkali metal atoms 22 are subjected to the self-selective spin polarization is as follows: heating the atomic gas chamber 12 to a temperature of about 25 ℃, performing spin polarization on the alkali metal atoms 22 by using an optical pumping technology, and ensuring that the alkali metal atoms 22 such as cesium atoms are in a gasification state at the temperature;
wherein, the weak magnetic environment is provided by helmholtz coil 11, and specifically can be set as follows:
the field strength, i.e. the intensity, of the magnetic field generated by the helmholtz coil 11 in the magnetic field uniform region is set to be between 5000nT and 100000nT, and the processor adjusts the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the helmholtz coil 11 until the true frequency value f of the magnetic field of the helmholtz coil 11 matches the larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atoms 22 in the magnetic field to be detected. That is, the measurement of the magnetic field is performed by the helmholtz coil 11 which is a scanning magnetic field coil. The helmholtz coil 11 is disposed outside the atomic gas chamber 22, the magnetic field direction of the magnetic field uniform region of the helmholtz coil 11 is perpendicular to the light directions of the detection laser light 16 and the coupling laser light 18, and the helmholtz coil 11 is located between the first half mirror 10 and the second half mirror 13. The magnetic field coil generates a radio frequency signal, the frequency of which is controlled by the circuitry and continuously scanned. When the frequency of the scanning magnetic field matches the larmor precession frequency of atoms in the external magnetic field, atomic absorption produces resonance, and the resonance signal decreases corresponding to the optical signal obtained by the second photodetector 15. The second photodetector 15 obtains a photoelectric signal to obtain resonance information, and obtains the frequency of the scanning magnetic field at the time of resonance, that is, the true frequency value f of the magnetic field.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the optical fiber further includes a third polarization beam splitter prism 5, and the third polarization beam splitter prism 5 is located between the pump laser 2 and the quarter wave plate 8.
The following describes an integrated measuring device for a magnetic field and a microwave field based on an alkali metal atom gas cell according to another embodiment, specifically:
1) when the field intensity of microwaves is measured, first laser 16 which is linearly polarized light is emitted by a first laser 1, when the first laser passes through a first polarization beam splitter prism 4, the polarization degree of the first laser 16 is improved by the first polarization beam splitter prism 4, when the first laser passes through a first half-wave plate 7, the linear polarization direction of the first laser is adjusted by the first half-wave plate 7, the first laser is reflected by a first half-wave mirror 10 to obtain first incident laser 19, the first incident laser 19 is emitted after passing through an atomic gas chamber 12 to obtain first transmission laser, and a first photoelectric detector 14 receives the first transmission laser;
the first laser 1 utilizes laser frequency doubling to emit second laser 18 which is linearly polarized light, when the second laser 18 passes through the second polarization beam splitter prism 6, the second polarization beam splitter prism 6 improves the polarization degree of the second laser 18, when the second laser passes through the second half-wave plate 9, the second half-wave plate 9 adjusts the linear polarization direction, the second half-wave plate is reflected by the second half-mirror 13, second incident laser 21 is obtained, the first incident laser 19 and the second incident laser 21 are opposite and are incident to the atomic gas chamber 12, the first incident laser 19 excites alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas chamber 12 in the ground state to the intermediate state, the second incident laser 21 excites the alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas chamber 12 in the intermediate state to the Reed-Caster state, and therefore the field intensity of microwaves to be detected is measured;
2) The pumping laser 2 emits a third laser 17 which is linearly polarized light, the wavelength of the third laser 17 is the wavelength corresponding to the alkali metal atom D1 line, when the third laser passes through the third polarization beam splitter prism 5, the third polarization beam splitter prism 5 improves the polarization degree of the third laser 17, when the third laser passes through the quarter wave plate 8, the quarter wave plate 8 converts the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized laser, then the circularly polarized laser penetrates through the atom air chamber 12 to spin-polarize cesium atoms of the ground state, and after the circularly polarized laser penetrates through the atom air chamber 12, the circularly polarized laser is received by the second photoelectric detector 15, so that the field intensity of the magnetic field to be detected is obtained.
The atomic cell 12 may be filled with a cesium 133 atomic simple substance to obtain cesium 133 atoms, where "133" in "cesium 133 atoms" is not a reference numeral, and the atomic cell 12 is a square cell having a size of 10cm × 10cm × 10 cm.
The first photodetector 14 may be a high-speed photodetector with a speed greater than 200MHz, and the second photodetector 15 may be a normal photodetector.
Both magnetic and microwave fields have been measured in previous studies as single fields, and no attempt has been made to measure both fields simultaneously. But the common denominator for both is that the measurement is carried out using alkali metal atoms 22 gas cells 12. In a common thermal atom-based rydberg atom measurement microwave system, only a few atoms are excited to the atomic state of the rydberg, and a large number of atoms are in the ground state and are not utilized. The spin polarization can be carried out on the ground state atoms through an optical pumping mode, and the magnetic field measurement can be realized through the spin magnetic moment of the spin-polarized ground state atoms. Therefore, the invention provides that the ground state atoms in the cesium atom gas chamber 12 are utilized to realize spin polarization by utilizing pump light, simultaneously, the double-energy level laser is utilized to realize a Reidberg excited state, the atoms with ground state spin polarization can realize magnetic field measurement, and the Reidberg atom AT effect of the excited state realizes microwave field measurement, namely, the simultaneous measurement of a magnetic field and a microwave field is realized in the same atom gas chamber 12. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
The invention relates to a magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on an alkali metal atom gas chamber, which is based on an alkali metal atom 22 gas chamber 12 and can be used for integrated measurement of a magnetic field and a microwave, wherein usually, the alkali metal atom 22 is used for measuring the magnetic field by an atomic magnetometer and can also be used for measuring a microwave field by a Reidberg atom, but no device is used for simultaneously measuring the magnetic field and the microwave field. The present application uses spin-polarized alkali metal atoms 22 in the atomic gas cell 12 for magnetic field measurements and atoms in the rydberg state for microwave measurements, i.e. atoms in different states measure different fields without interfering with each other. The magnetic field measures the frequency of the high frequency magnetic field by scanning the radio frequency coil.
When passing through the Larmor precession frequency of the atom corresponding to the external static magnetic field, the absorption of the atom generates resonance, thereby obtaining the static magnetic field size. The utility model provides an excitation that relates to three kinds of different grade types among the magnetic field microwave field integration measuring device based on alkali metal atom air chamber, the ground state atom carries out the spin polarization through the pump light of circular polarization, and a small part of ground state atom excites intermediate state through the probe light in addition, and the rethread coupling light excites the atomic state of readbauer. The magnetometer is an optical pump type magnetometer, so that the device can realize the simultaneous measurement of a magnetic field and a microwave field in a geomagnetic field environment.
The helmholtz coil 11 is arranged outside the atomic gas cell 12, parallel to the direction of the third laser light 17 emitted by the pump laser 2. The helmholtz coil 11 is caused to generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field by a signal source. The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by the second photodetector 15 to obtain magnetic field information. The magnetic field and microwave field integrated measuring device based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber can work in a geomagnetic environment.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An integrated measuring device of a magnetic field and a microwave field based on an alkali metal atom gas chamber is characterized by comprising a processor, an excitation component, a signal acquisition component and an atom gas chamber filled with alkali metal atoms;
the excitation component is used for exciting alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber from a ground state to a Reedberg state;
the signal acquisition component is configured to: when the alkali metal atoms in the rydberg state are changed by the microwaves to be detected, signal data are obtained;
the processor is used for calculating the field intensity of the microwave to be detected according to the signal data;
the device also comprises a pumping laser and a Helmholtz coil, and the atomic gas chamber is positioned in a magnetic field uniform region of the Helmholtz coil;
the pump laser is used for emitting third laser and spin-polarizes alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the ground state through the third laser;
The processor is further configured to: adjusting the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil until the true frequency value f of the magnetic field of the Helmholtz coil is matched with the Larmor precession frequency of the spin-polarized alkali metal atoms in the magnetic field to be detected,and calculating the field intensity B of the magnetic field to be detected by a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein γ represents a gyromagnetic ratio of an alkali metal atom.
2. The integrated measuring device for the magnetic field and the microwave field of the alkali metal atom gas chamber is characterized in that the excitation part comprises a first laser and a second laser;
the first laser is used for emitting first laser, and alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in a ground state are excited to an intermediate state through the first laser;
the second laser is used for emitting second laser, and alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state in the atomic gas chamber are excited to the Reidberg state through the second laser.
3. The integrated measuring device for the magnetic field and the microwave field based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber is characterized in that the excitation component further comprises a first polarization beam splitter prism, a first half-wave plate, a first half-mirror, a second polarization beam splitter prism, a second half-wave plate and a second half-mirror;
The first laser, the first polarization beam splitter prism, the first half-wave plate and the first half-mirror are sequentially arranged, so that the first laser sequentially passes through the first polarization beam splitter prism and the first half-wave plate and is reflected by the first half-mirror to obtain first incident laser;
the second laser, the second polarization beam splitter prism, the second half-wave plate and the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror are sequentially arranged, so that the second laser sequentially passes through the second polarization beam splitter prism and the second half-wave plate and is reflected by the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror to obtain second incident laser;
the first incident laser and the second incident laser are opposite and incident to the atomic gas chamber, the alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the ground state are excited to an intermediate state by the first incident laser, and the alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber in the intermediate state are excited to a rydberg state by the second incident laser.
4. The integrated measuring device of claim 3, wherein the signal data acquiring unit is a first photodetector, the first photodetector is configured to receive first transmission laser, and when the microwave to be detected changes the alkali metal atom in the rydberg state, the frequency of the first incident laser or the frequency of the second incident laser is scanned to obtain an EIT-AT split spectrum signal, which is the signal data, wherein the first transmission laser is light emitted after the first incident laser passes through the atom gas cell.
5. The integrated measuring device for the magnetic field and the microwave field based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber is characterized in that the processor is specifically used for: obtaining splitting delta f according to the EIT-AT splitting spectrum signal, and calculating the field intensity | E | of the microwave to be detected according to a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein λ ispDenotes the wavelength, λ, of the first laser lightcRepresents the wavelength of the second laser light and,
is Planck constant, μmWRepresenting the coupling constant of the rydberg atomic energy level.
6. The integrated measuring device for the magnetic field and the microwave field based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a quarter wave plate arranged between the pump laser and the atom gas chamber, wherein the pump laser is configured to emit a third laser that is linearly polarized light, the third laser passes through the quarter wave plate to obtain a third incident laser that is circularly polarized light, and the third incident laser performs spin polarization on an alkali metal atom in the atom gas chamber, which is in a ground state.
7. The integrated measuring device for the magnetic field and the microwave field based on the alkali metal atom gas chamber is characterized by further comprising a second photodetector, wherein the second photodetector is used for: and acquiring an optical signal of third transmission laser, and determining whether the frequency of the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil after adjustment is matched with the Larmor precession frequency of the alkali metal atom after spin polarization in the magnetic field to be detected according to the optical signal of the third transmission laser, wherein the third transmission laser is light emitted after the third incident laser passes through an atom air chamber.
8. The integrated measuring device for the microwave field of the magnetic field of the alkali metal atom gas chamber as claimed in claim 6 or 7, further comprising a third polarization beam splitter prism, wherein the third polarization beam splitter prism is located between the pump laser and the quarter wave plate.
9. The integrated measuring device for the magnetic field and the microwave field of the alkali metal atom gas chamber is characterized in that the alkali metal atoms are cesium atoms or rubidium atoms.
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