CN112924907B - High-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using optical microcavity - Google Patents

High-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using optical microcavity Download PDF

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CN112924907B
CN112924907B CN202110109651.4A CN202110109651A CN112924907B CN 112924907 B CN112924907 B CN 112924907B CN 202110109651 A CN202110109651 A CN 202110109651A CN 112924907 B CN112924907 B CN 112924907B
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magnetic field
optical
microsphere cavity
frequency shift
microwave
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CN112924907A (en
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高永潘
王川
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/0206Three-component magnetometers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/032Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using an optical microcavity, belonging to the field of magneto-optical detection; firstly, an optical microcavity detection device for magnetic field sensing is built: the laser divides the optical fiber into XYZ three paths through the beam splitter, and the XYZ three paths respectively pass through the core components and then reach the spectrometer; the core component comprises three orthogonal microwave emitters and a microsphere cavity fixed at an intersection point, three optical fibers are orthogonal and respectively positioned on three surfaces of the microsphere cavity, and then the direction of the three optical fibers is selected to construct a three-dimensional coordinate system; closing the two paths of directions, and opening the laser excitation of the rest path to enable the polarization direction to be the transverse electric field direction until an absorption peak appears; then, adjusting the frequency of the microwave until a second maximum peak is generated; obtaining a light field frequency shift w through the distance of the double peaks; thereby calculating the magnetic field strength in the direction; then, obtaining the magnetic field intensity in the other two directions in the same way; finally, constructing a three-dimensional vector; the invention has excellent remote detection and complex environment coping capability.

Description

High-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using optical microcavity
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of magneto-optical detection, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using an optical microcavity.
Background
The optical microcavity is a device capable of highly localizing a light field in a small space, and can greatly enhance the interaction between light and a substance. For a spherical optical microcavity, a mode in which an optical field operates is called a whispering gallery mode, the whispering gallery mode is formed based on total reflection of light in the whispering gallery optical cavity, and the whispering gallery mode can exist stably only when a path through which the light passes in the cavity forms a closed path and the length of the path is an integral multiple of the wavelength of the light, and at this time, the frequency corresponding to the wavelength is the eigenfrequency of the whispering gallery mode and is also the absorption frequency when the whispering gallery microcavity is subjected to spectrum scanning.
The whispering gallery mode has ultrahigh symmetry, which makes it have extremely high photon localization characteristics, but also brings about the disadvantage that its internal photon properties are difficult to detect. Waveguide coupling can break this symmetry, allowing smooth detection of optical field properties therein.
Only the optical field which meets the frequency that the optical path is integral multiple of the wavelength can exist stably in the whispering gallery mode, and the magnetic wave excited by the external magnetic field can change the magnetic conductivity and further change the refractive index of the cavity; however, this also brings about a shift in the microcavity frequency and a conversion between the transverse electric mode and the transverse magnetic mode. By switching between the transverse electromagnetic modes, a magnetic field of a certain direction can be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the detection method of the three-dimensional magnetic field, the invention provides a high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using an optical microcavity, and the optical microcavity is used for realizing high-sensitivity sensing of the magnetic field.
The high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, building an optical microcavity detection device for magnetic field sensing;
the method comprises the following steps: the laser is connected with the beam splitter, the optical fibers are divided into XYZ three paths, and after the XYZ three paths of optical fibers respectively pass through the core assembly, the output optical fibers of the paths are respectively connected through flanges; and finally, observing the core component by the three-way spectrometer.
The core components are as follows: the substrate is a bread board, three microwave emission instruments in the orthogonal directions are fixed through holes in the bread board, and a core device is fixed at the intersection point of the three orthogonal directions;
the core device comprises a microsphere cavity, three optical fibers are orthogonal and are respectively positioned on three surfaces of the microsphere cavity, three microwave transmitters of the microsphere cavity are connected with an antenna through a signal cable, microwave signals are transmitted into the microsphere cavity through the antenna, and the microsphere cavity is positioned in the range of an external magnetic field;
the microsphere cavity is placed on the shifter, and the shifter is moved to drive the microsphere cavity to move.
The outer sides of the microsphere cavities are respectively provided with a telescopic bracket, the brackets are loaded with optical fibers, and the distance between the optical fibers and the microsphere cavities is adjusted by adjusting the length of the telescopic brackets; each path of optical fiber corresponds to the respective telescopic bracket.
And step two, selecting the directions of the three optical fibers as x, y and z directions respectively, and constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system.
And step three, closing the laser excitation in the y direction and the z direction, opening the laser excitation in the x direction, modulating the polarization direction of the laser to be the transverse electric field direction by using a polarization modulator, scanning the spectrum of the laser, and observing the end of an absorption peak in a spectrometer.
And step four, turning on the microwave emitter in the x direction, and adjusting the frequency of the microwave until a second peak is generated in the spectrum of the spectrometer and reaches the maximum.
Measuring the distance of the two peaks in a spectrometer, and calculating the frequency shift w of the light field;
the peak value with high frequency in the spectrometer is w1, the peak value with low frequency is w2, and the frequency shift of the optical field is w2-w 1;
sixthly, calculating the magnetic field intensity in the x direction by combining the optical field frequency shift with the proportional coefficient of the optical field frequency shift and the magnetic field;
the frequency shift to magnetic field proportionality coefficient d is calculated as follows:
firstly, a known magnetic field p where a microsphere cavity is located and a known optical field frequency shift w' are given, and a proportionality coefficient is obtained by using the ratio of the two: d ═ w'/p;
then, dividing the frequency shift w of the optical field by a proportionality coefficient d to obtain the magnetic field intensity in the direction x; i.e. x-w/d.
Step seven, closing the laser excitation in the x direction and the z direction, opening the laser excitation in the y direction, and repeating the steps three to six to obtain the magnetic field intensity in the y direction; obtaining the magnetic field intensity in the z direction in the same way;
and step eight, constructing a three-dimensional vector (x, y, z) of the magnetic field of the coordinate system by using the magnetic field strengths of x, y and z.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using the optical microcavity adopts the photo-magnetic interaction as a signal conversion mechanism, directly couples a detection signal and a detection source, has a clear mechanism, and has extremely high change consistency; the optical field is used as a carrier of a detection signal, and the device has excellent remote detection and complex environment coping capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for high sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection using optical microcavities of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field sensing optical microcavity detection device constructed according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front and side view of a three-dimensional microwave launcher for use in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the core device of the present invention in the X direction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can understand and practice the invention.
The invention discloses a high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using an optical microcavity, which adopts a polished magneto-optical spherical material to generate magnetic oscillation waves under the action of an external magnetic field and a microwave excitation field; the frequency of the oscillation wave has good consistency with the external magnetic field intensity in terms of value, and can be further transmitted to the property of the light wave through the coupling of the magnetic oscillation wave and the light wave, thereby influencing the frequency of the light wave. Therefore, the influence of optical field spectrum scanning reading on the optical wave frequency is further obtained, the magnetic field strength in the microwave excitation axial direction is further obtained, and the three-dimensional sensing of the magnetic field is realized by respectively exciting the microwaves on three axes.
The high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using the optical microcavity comprises the following specific steps as shown in fig. 1:
step one, building an optical microcavity detection device for magnetic field sensing;
the method comprises the following steps: the laser is connected with the beam splitter, the optical fibers are divided into XYZ three paths, and after the XYZ three paths of optical fibers respectively pass through the core assembly, the output optical fibers of the paths are respectively connected through flanges; and finally, observing the core component by the three-way spectrometer.
The core components are as follows: the substrate is a bread board, X, Y, Z microwave emitters in three orthogonal directions are fixed through holes on the board arranged at 90 degrees, and a core device is fixed at the intersection point of the three orthogonal directions;
the core device comprises a microsphere cavity, three optical fibers are orthogonal and are respectively positioned on three surfaces of the microsphere cavity, three microwave transmitters of the microsphere cavity are connected with an antenna through a signal cable, microwave signals are transmitted into the microsphere cavity through the antenna, and the microsphere cavity is positioned in the range of an external magnetic field; the strength of the measuring magnetic field which can be fixed in axis is ensured, and the uncertain magnetic field to be measured is converted into each determined axial component.
The microsphere cavity is placed on the shifter, and the shifter is moved to drive the microsphere cavity to move; the microsphere material adopts one of yttrium iron ore, ferric fluoride and Bi-doped rare earth iron garnet stone.
The outer sides of the microsphere cavities are respectively provided with a telescopic bracket, the brackets are loaded with optical fibers, and the distance between the optical fibers and the microsphere cavities is adjusted by adjusting the length of the telescopic brackets; each path of optical fiber corresponds to the respective telescopic bracket.
The optical fiber ensures the optical field in the driving and detecting optical cavity and adopts one of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, lithium niobate, aluminum nitride, gallium nitride or germanium.
And step two, selecting the directions of the three optical fibers as x, y and z directions respectively, and constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system.
By fixing the directions of the three microwave excitations so as to be orthogonal, a detection xyz coordinate system is constructed on the fixed directions.
And step three, closing the laser excitation in the y direction and the z direction, opening the laser excitation in the x direction, modulating the polarization direction of the laser to be the transverse electric field direction by using a polarization modulator, scanning the spectrum of the laser, and observing the end of an absorption peak in the transmission spectrum of the spectrometer.
And step four, turning on the microwave emitter in the x direction, and adjusting the frequency of the microwave until a second peak is generated in the spectrum of the spectrometer and reaches the maximum.
Measuring the distance of the two peaks in a spectrometer, and calculating the frequency shift w of the light field;
the peak value with high frequency in the spectrometer is w1, the peak value with low frequency is w2, and the frequency shift of the optical field is w2-w 1;
sixthly, calculating the magnetic field intensity in the x direction by combining the optical field frequency shift with the proportional coefficient of the optical field frequency shift and the magnetic field;
the frequency shift-to-magnetic field proportionality coefficient d is related to the shape and material of the yttrium iron garnet, and the experimental measurements are calculated as follows:
firstly, a known magnetic field p where a microsphere cavity is located and a known optical field frequency shift w' are given, and a proportionality coefficient is obtained by using the ratio of the two: d ═ w'/p;
then, dividing the frequency shift w of the optical field by a proportionality coefficient d to obtain the magnetic field intensity in the direction x; i.e. x-w/d.
Step seven, closing the laser excitation in the x direction and the z direction, opening the laser excitation in the y direction, and repeating the steps three to six to obtain the magnetic field intensity in the y direction; obtaining the magnetic field intensity in the z direction in the same way;
and step eight, constructing a three-dimensional vector (x, y, z) of the magnetic field of the coordinate system by using the magnetic field strengths of x, y and z.
Example (b):
firstly, constructing an optical microcavity detection device for magnetic field sensing;
laser is input from the left end, signal collection is carried out at the right end, the optical fiber is of an optical fiber cone structure made of silicon dioxide, the optical microcavity is of an yttrium iron stone distilling sphere structure with a polished surface, and the optical fiber is located at the equator position of the yttrium iron stone distilling sphere; the microwave instrument reflects microwave signals with specific frequency along the direction of an arrow to excite the vibration of magnetic conductivity.
In this embodiment, the laser light source is a standard communication light source, i.e., a laser light having a wavelength of 1550nm, and has a power of 0.03 mw. The beam splitter is a light source control system with three switching paths and is used for respectively controlling laser paths in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction; the power of the microwave excitation structure is 320 mw; the spectrometer is used for detecting the output laser signal.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using an optical microcavity is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, building an optical microcavity detection device for magnetic field sensing;
the method comprises the following steps: the laser is connected with the beam splitter, the optical fibers are divided into XYZ three paths, and after the XYZ three paths of optical fibers respectively pass through the core assembly, the output optical fibers of the paths are respectively connected through flanges; finally, observing the core component by the three spectrometers;
the core components are as follows: the substrate is a bread board, three microwave emission instruments in the orthogonal directions are fixed through holes in the bread board, and a core device is fixed at the intersection point of the three orthogonal directions;
the core device comprises a microsphere cavity, three optical fibers are orthogonal and are respectively positioned on three surfaces of the microsphere cavity, three microwave transmitters of the microsphere cavity are connected with an antenna through a signal cable, microwave signals are transmitted into the microsphere cavity through the antenna, and the microsphere cavity is positioned in the range of an external magnetic field;
selecting the directions of the three optical fibers as x, y and z directions respectively, and constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system;
turning off laser excitation in the y direction and the z direction, turning on laser excitation in the x direction, modulating the polarization direction of laser to be the transverse electric field direction by using a polarization modulator, scanning the spectrum of the laser, and observing the end of an absorption peak in a spectrometer;
opening a microwave emitter in the x direction, and adjusting the frequency of the microwave until a second peak is generated in the spectrum and reaches the maximum;
measuring the distance between the absorption peak and a double peak formed by a second peak in a spectrometer, and calculating the frequency shift w of the light field;
the peak value with high frequency in the spectrometer is w1, the peak value with low frequency is w2, and the frequency shift of the optical field is w2-w 1;
sixthly, calculating the magnetic field intensity in the x direction by combining the optical field frequency shift with the proportional coefficient of the optical field frequency shift and the magnetic field;
the frequency shift to magnetic field proportionality coefficient d is calculated as follows:
firstly, a known magnetic field p where a microsphere cavity is located and a known optical field frequency shift w' are given, and a proportionality coefficient is obtained by using the ratio of the two: d ═ w'/p;
then, dividing the frequency shift w of the optical field by a proportionality coefficient d to obtain the magnetic field intensity in the direction x; i.e. x ═ w/d;
step seven, closing the laser excitation in the x direction and the z direction, opening the laser excitation in the y direction, and repeating the steps three to six to obtain the magnetic field intensity in the y direction; obtaining the magnetic field intensity in the z direction in the same way;
and step eight, constructing a three-dimensional vector (x, y, z) of the magnetic field of the coordinate system by using the magnetic field strengths of x, y and z.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microsphere cavity in the first step is placed on a shifter, and the movement of the shifter drives the microsphere cavity to move.
3. The method for detecting the high-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field by using the optical microcavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, an extensible support is mounted on the outer side of the microsphere cavity, and an optical fiber is carried on the support, so that the distance between the optical fiber and the microsphere cavity is adjusted by adjusting the length of the extensible support; each path of optical fiber corresponds to the respective telescopic bracket.
4. A method for detecting a three-dimensional magnetic field with high sensitivity using an optical microcavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microsphere cavity material in the first step is yttrium iron garnet; ferric fluoride; one of Bi-doped rare earth iron garnet stones.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber in step one is made of one of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, lithium niobate, aluminum nitride, gallium nitride or germanium.
CN202110109651.4A 2021-01-26 2021-01-26 High-sensitivity three-dimensional magnetic field detection method using optical microcavity Expired - Fee Related CN112924907B (en)

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CN105785287A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-07-20 浙江大学 Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on optical microcavity
CN110471008A (en) * 2019-08-08 2019-11-19 天津大学 Vector fibre optic magnetic field sensor and preparation method thereof based on eccentric tiny balloon chamber
CN112083358A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-12-15 之江实验室 Laser frequency stabilization system for SERF ultrahigh sensitive magnetic field measuring device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62201355A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-09-05 Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd Three-dimensional magnetic anisotropy measuring instrument for sample
CN105785287A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-07-20 浙江大学 Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on optical microcavity
CN110471008A (en) * 2019-08-08 2019-11-19 天津大学 Vector fibre optic magnetic field sensor and preparation method thereof based on eccentric tiny balloon chamber
CN112083358A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-12-15 之江实验室 Laser frequency stabilization system for SERF ultrahigh sensitive magnetic field measuring device

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