CN112579456B - Web automatic testing method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a Web automatic test method and a Web automatic test device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a test case, wherein the test case comprises a test object and a functional module thereof; determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object; searching page elements corresponding to the test objects in the tested page according to the numbers; when the page element is found, searching the bullet frame in which the function module is located in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame in which the function module of the test object is located; when the bullet frame is searched, a functional module is further searched in the bullet frame; and when the functional module is found, performing corresponding automatic test. The automatic test method provided by the invention can adapt to the dynamic change condition of the ID value of the Web page element, avoid the positioning error of the page element, and rapidly switch the functional module through the elastic frame index, thereby realizing the efficient and extensible automatic test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Web automatic testing, in particular to a Web automatic testing method and device.
Background
With the increasing number of software development iterations, automated testing capable of reducing labor costs is becoming increasingly important. In conventional automated testing of Web applications, it is often necessary for a tester to record or write with a test tool for each test flow. Although the tool is simple and easy to use, the stability is poor, the recording process is slow, and the situation that page elements of a software product cannot be identified easily occurs. Moreover, the maintenance cost of the test cases recorded or written by the tool is high, and the problems of poor portability and poor expandability exist.
In addition, in some Web application development system frameworks, the ID attribute of part of the page element control can be changed randomly during each operation, the XPath attribute can also be changed along with the addition and deletion modification of the page elements, and the name attribute is not unique in a plurality of page elements, so that the page elements in the automatic test are difficult to locate, and the automatic test is difficult to expand.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a Web automatic testing method and device.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a Web automation test method, comprising:
acquiring a test case, wherein the test case comprises a test object and a functional module thereof;
determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object;
searching page elements corresponding to the test objects in the tested page according to the numbers;
when the page element is found, searching a bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the functional module of the test object;
when the bullet frame is found, the function module is further found in the bullet frame;
and when the functional module is found, performing corresponding automatic test.
Further, before the test case is obtained, the method further includes: and constructing a template table of the test object, and filling the keyword names and keyword types of all page elements in the tested page into the template table according to the hierarchy and the sequence of the page elements, wherein the hierarchy corresponds to the keyword types.
Further, the determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object includes: searching the corresponding keyword names and keyword types in the template table according to the keyword names and keyword types of the test objects in the test cases to determine the numbers of the keywords, wherein the numbers correspond to the line numbers of the keyword names and the keyword types in the template table.
Further, the searching the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the number includes: and determining the attribute value of the page element according to the number, and searching the page element in the tested page according to the attribute value.
Further, the determining the attribute value of the page element according to the number includes: and splicing the serial number, the first character string and the second character string to generate the attribute value of the page element, wherein the first character string is fixed, and the second character string is determined according to the keyword type.
Further, the test case includes at least one of the test objects; for a plurality of the test objects with a hierarchical relationship, searching corresponding page elements according to the order of the hierarchical relationship.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: and establishing mapping relations between the bullet frames and the index values of different levels, wherein the bullet frames comprise at least one functional module.
Further, when the test case includes a plurality of the function modules, for the plurality of function modules having a hierarchical relationship, searching for the corresponding bullet frames in the order of the hierarchical relationship, and further searching for the function modules.
Further, when the test case does not include the functional module, when the page element is found, a corresponding automated test is performed.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a Web automated test apparatus comprising:
the test case acquisition unit is used for acquiring test cases, wherein the test cases comprise test objects and functional modules thereof;
a generating unit, configured to determine a number of the keyword according to a keyword name and a keyword type of the test object;
the first searching unit is used for searching the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the number;
the second searching unit is used for searching the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the functional module of the test object when the page element is searched;
the third searching unit is used for further searching the functional module in the bullet frame when the bullet frame is searched;
and the testing unit is used for carrying out corresponding automatic testing when the functional module is found.
The Web automatic test method provided by the invention determines the attribute of the tested page element according to the keyword name and the type, can adapt to the condition of dynamic change of the ID value of the Web page element, avoids the positioning error of the page element, avoids modifying a plurality of test cases when updating the page, and simultaneously rapidly switches the functional module through the elastic frame index, thereby realizing high-efficiency extensible automatic test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic flow diagram of a Web automated test method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a tested page according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an elastic frame with index value 0 and its functional modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an elastic frame with index value 1 and functional modules thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an elastic frame with index value of 2 and functional modules thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Web automation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, and when the description refers to the drawings, the same reference numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. It is noted that the implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations of the invention. They are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the claims and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Features of the various embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
When the Web application program is automatically tested, the automatic test is inextensible and low in efficiency due to the problems of page element positioning change, overtime switching of a functional module and the like, and manual operation needs to be added. The invention generates XPath attribute of the page element by the keyword mapping method, can accurately position the page element, and rapidly switches the functional module by the elastic frame indexing method, thereby realizing high-efficiency extensible automatic test.
The first aspect of the present invention provides an embodiment of an automated keyword-based testing method, as shown in fig. 1, including steps S1 to S6:
in step S1, a test case is obtained, where the test case includes a test object and a functional module thereof. In an embodiment of the present invention, a test case includes one or more test steps, each of which includes a test object and its functional modules and corresponding operations. In the embodiment of the invention, the operation of a user in a browser page is simulated by writing a test case in a Python language and calling a Selenium library function.
In step S2, the number of the keyword is determined according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object. In the embodiment of the invention, the keyword name and type of the test object are extracted from the test case, and then the corresponding keyword is searched in the template table of the pre-constructed test object to obtain the number of the keyword, wherein the number is the line number of the corresponding keyword in the template table.
In step S3, the page element corresponding to the test object is searched in the tested page according to the number. In the embodiment of the invention, the test object in the test case corresponds to the page element of the tested page. The number of the key of the test object corresponds to the number in the XPath attribute value of the page element. And generating an XPath attribute value of the corresponding tested page element according to the acquired number of the keyword of the test object, and searching for the positioning page element according to the XPath attribute value.
In step S4, when the page element is found, the frame in which the function module is located is found in the frame of the page element according to the index value of the frame in which the function module of the test object is located. In the embodiment of the invention, the number of the bullet frames of the page element can be multiple, one level is sleeved with one level, each level of bullet frame can comprise one or more functional modules, and each functional module can lead out the next level of bullet frame. According to the index value of the elastic frame where the functional module is located, the functional module can be quickly found and positioned.
In step S5, when the bullet frame is found, the function module is further found in the bullet frame. In the embodiment of the invention, after the function module of the tested page element is positioned in the bullet frame, the tested function module is further positioned in the bullet frame by searching the name of the function module or other attributes.
In step S6, when the functional module is found, a corresponding automated test is performed. In the embodiment of the invention, when the tested functional module is positioned, corresponding test operation set in the test case is executed.
In the embodiment of the invention, an automatic test is executed by adopting a Selenium tool, a test case is written by Python language, a Selenium library function is called, and the operation of a user in a browser page is simulated. Selenium is a tool for testing Web application programs, supports multiple browsers and multiple languages, and can directly run development scripts in the browser. The Python language is simple and easy to learn, and the expansibility is good. In the embodiment of the invention, the number in the attribute value of the tested page element is determined according to the keyword name and the type of the test object, the page element can be accurately positioned, and a plurality of test cases are not required to be modified when the page element is updated, so that the workload of test case maintenance is reduced and the expandability of automatic test is improved; on the other hand, according to the index value of the bullet frame where the function module is located, the bullet frame and the function module are positioned rapidly, the problem that the function module is difficult to position or the positioning operation is complicated due to dynamic change of the bullet frame identification is solved, and therefore the efficiency of automatic testing is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, before the test case is acquired, the method further comprises the following steps: and constructing a template table of the test object, and filling the keyword names and types of all page elements in the tested page into the template table according to the hierarchy and the sequence of the page elements, wherein the hierarchy corresponds to the keyword type. When a test case is operated, searching the corresponding keyword names and types in the template table according to the keyword names and types of the test objects in the test case to determine the numbers of the keywords of the test objects, wherein the numbers correspond to the line numbers of the keyword names and types in the template table. And then generating an attribute value of the corresponding page element according to the number of the key word, and searching and positioning the page element according to the attribute value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the keyword names and types of the page elements of the tested page are filled into the template table, as shown in table 1, and each row in table 1 corresponds to one page element of the tested page and also corresponds to one test object in the test case. Table 1 corresponds to the pictures of the tested pages shown in fig. 2, and the page element sequence from top to bottom in fig. 2 is consistent with the row sequence of the resource authority from top to bottom in table 1, that is, the nesting sequence of different levels and the sequence of the same level are consistent. Each tested page is provided with a test object template table corresponding to the test object template table. The template table comprises all tested objects, and corresponds to all relevant page elements in the tested page, and only part of the tested objects in the table are included in each test case. For example, the test object of the 3 rd line in table 1 is "enterprise management" of the third level, the keyword name is "enterprise management", the keyword type is "3", the corresponding page element of the 3 rd line in fig. 2 is "enterprise management", the number in the XPath attribute of the page element is the line number of the corresponding resource permission test object "enterprise management" in table 1, namely, the serial number 3. As can be seen from this example, the name of any key in the page element of "enterprise management" cannot uniquely locate "enterprise management", but the XPath attribute value of the page element can be used to locate the page element accurately and quickly, and then complete subsequent automatic testing. For another example, when modifying the page, if "business new user management" is deleted, only "business new user management" corresponding to the 5 th row in the deletion table 1 is needed, and the subsequent "enterprise real name information" and subsequent test objects automatically move up, i.e. the numbers in the XPath attributes of the page elements corresponding to the test objects are all reduced by 1.
TABLE 1
In an embodiment of the present invention, generating the corresponding page element attribute value according to the number of the keyword includes: and splicing the serial number, the first character string and the second character string to generate the attribute value of the page element, wherein the first character string is fixed, and the second character string is determined according to the keyword type. For example, in table 2, for the "enterprise management" of the third row, the authority type is 3, the number is 3 (the number corresponds to the row number of table 1), the first string is a fixed value// × @ id= ", the second string is $cell$1" ]/div/div/span [4] according to the authority type 3, and in the corresponding third row of table 3, the generated XPath attribute value is// × [ @ id= "3$cell$1" ]/div/div/span [4], that is, the XPath attribute value is the first string+number+the second string. For example, in table 2, for "enterprise management" of the second row, the authority type is 2, the number is 2, the first string is a fixed value// × @ id= ", the second string is $cell $1" ]/div/div/a according to the authority type 2, and in the second row of the corresponding table 3, the generated XPath attribute value is// × [ @ id= "2$cell $1" ]/div/div/a. It can be seen that, for the two "enterprise management" page elements, the two "enterprise management" page elements cannot be distinguished by the name of the page element, while the ID value of the page element is dynamically changed, and the two "enterprise management" page elements can be distinguished by the XPath attribute value of the page element determined by the present invention.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
In an embodiment of the present invention, the test case includes at least one of the test objects; for a plurality of the test objects with a hierarchical relationship, searching corresponding page elements according to the order of the hierarchical relationship. In the embodiment of the invention, the tested page defaults to only display the page elements of the first level authority in the initial state. Then, for the first operation of the page element of the third level authority, the location needs to be searched step by step from the corresponding first level page element to the corresponding second level page element to the third level page element. Accordingly, the test case also needs to be operated step by step from the first-level test object to the second-level test object to the third-level test object, and for each level test object, the serial number of the test object is searched in the template removing table according to the keyword name and the type, and the XPath attribute value of the corresponding page element is generated. On the other hand, in the test case, if the third-level test object is operated again after the first operation, the locating page elements do not need to be searched step by step; that is, after the page element of the tested page is expanded, the XPath attribute value of the page element can be directly used to locate the page element, even if the page element is at the third level (the resource authority is the third level).
In the embodiment of the invention, the processing procedure of determining the number and generating the XPath attribute value of the corresponding page element according to the keyword name and the type of the test object can be packaged into a common function package for each test script to call.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ID value of the page element is dynamically changed, the XPath attribute of the page element is also changed when the page element is added or deleted or modified, if the keyword mapping method and the table are not adopted, a plurality of related test cases are required to be modified when the page element is updated, but the invention only needs to update the test object template table without updating the test cases, thereby improving the efficiency and expansibility of the automatic test.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: establishing mapping relations between the bullet frames and the index values of different levels; the bullet frame comprises at least one functional module. For example, index value 0 represents a list main interface, index value 1 represents a core function, and index value 2 represents a detailed inline function. As shown in fig. 3, the index value of the first-level elastic frame Iframe of the page element "enterprise management" is 0, where the elastic frame includes functional modules of view, new creation, modification, association account management, and the like. As shown in fig. 4, the index value of the lower Iframe of the associated account management function module is 1, and the frame includes the functions of inquiring, adding the associated account and exiting. As shown in fig. 5, the index value of the lower Iframe box added with the associated account function module is 2, and the box includes the function modules of saving, exiting and account input. The correspondence between each level functional module and each level elastic frame is shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 Table 4
In an embodiment of the present invention, the test case includes at least one of the functional modules; when the test case includes a plurality of the function modules, searching the corresponding bullet frames according to the order of the hierarchical relation for the function modules with the hierarchical relation, and further searching the function modules. In the embodiment of the invention, the test object of the test case corresponds to the tested page element, and the functional module is a functional module of the test object and is in a spring frame of the page element corresponding to the test object. Fig. 3, 4 and 5 collectively illustrate an interface for a progressive positioning operation of a multi-level box for adding an associated account to a page element "enterprise management", first to a "enterprise management" page element according to a keyword name and type, then to an Iframe box of an "associated account management" module (fig. 3) and further to an "associated account management" function module button according to an index value of 0, then to an Iframe box of an "add associated account" according to an index value of 1 (fig. 4) and further to an "add associated account" function module button, then to an Iframe box of an "account input box" according to an index value of 2 (fig. 5) and further to an "account input box" function module, to input an account and save, so that each layer of boxes are searched and positioned to a corresponding function module in order of hierarchical relationship.
In the embodiment of the invention, when a plurality of functional modules are arranged in one bullet frame and the modules are provided with lower bullet frames, the index values of the lower bullet frames are the same, i.e. a plurality of bullet frames with the same level are provided and the index values of the bullet frames with the same level are the same.
In the embodiment of the invention, the processing procedure of searching the corresponding bullet frame and the corresponding functional module according to the functional module and the index value of the bullet frame can be packaged into a public function package for each test script to call.
Because the attribute value of the Iframe bullet frame changes every time the bullet frame is opened and is difficult to directly position, the bullet frame is positioned by establishing the mapping relation between bullet frames of different levels and index values and the index values of the bullet frames where the function modules are positioned, the bullet frames and the tested function modules can be positioned rapidly, the problem of positioning confusion when the same function is operated frequently is avoided, and the efficiency of automatic test is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the test case does not comprise the functional module, corresponding automatic test is performed when the page element is found. If a certain page element has no popup, testing, such as clicking, opening a hyperlink, etc., is performed only for that page element.
The Web automatic test method provided by the invention establishes the mapping relation table of the test object and the tested page element according to the keyword name and the type of the test object, thereby determining the number in the XPath attribute value of the tested page element, accurately positioning the tested page element, adapting to the dynamic change condition of the ID value of the Web page element, only updating a corresponding template table without modifying a plurality of test cases when the page element is updated, and rapidly positioning the bullet frame and the functional module according to the index value of the bullet frame where the functional module is positioned, thereby realizing efficient and extensible automatic test.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a Web automation test device 600, as shown in fig. 6, including: the acquiring unit 601 is configured to acquire a test case, where the test case includes a test object and a functional module thereof; a generating unit 602, configured to determine a number of the keyword according to a keyword name and a keyword type of the test object; a first searching unit 603, configured to search, according to the number, a page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page; the second searching unit 604 is configured to, when the page element is found, search, in a box of the page element, for the box of the function module according to an index value of the box of the function module of the test object; a third searching unit 605, configured to further search the function module in the bullet frame when the bullet frame is searched; and the testing unit 606 is used for performing corresponding automatic testing when the functional module is found.
The Web automatic testing device provided by the invention is used for realizing the Web automatic testing method provided by the invention, has the same beneficial effects as the Web automatic testing method, and is not repeated here.
Although the present disclosure is described above, the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A Web automation test method, comprising:
acquiring a test case, wherein the test case comprises a test object and a functional module thereof;
determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object;
searching page elements corresponding to the test objects in the tested page according to the numbers;
when the page element is found, searching a bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the functional module of the test object;
when the bullet frame is found, the function module is further found in the bullet frame;
when the functional module is found, corresponding automatic test is carried out;
before the test case is obtained, the method further comprises: constructing a template table of the test object, and filling keyword names and keyword types of all page elements in the tested page into the template table according to the level and sequence of the page elements, wherein the level corresponds to the keyword types;
the determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object comprises: searching the corresponding keyword names and keyword types in the template table according to the keyword names and keyword types of the test objects in the test cases to determine the numbers of the keywords, wherein the numbers correspond to the line numbers of the keyword names and the keyword types in the template table;
the searching the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the number comprises the following steps: determining an XPath attribute value of the page element according to the number, and searching the page element in the tested page according to the XPath attribute value;
the determining the XPath attribute value of the page element according to the number comprises: and splicing the serial number, a first character string and a second character string to generate the XPath attribute value of the page element, wherein the first character string is fixed, and the second character string is determined according to the keyword type.
2. The Web automation test method of claim 1, wherein the test case comprises at least one of the test objects; for a plurality of the test objects with a hierarchical relationship, searching corresponding page elements according to the order of the hierarchical relationship.
3. The Web automation test method of claim 2, further comprising:
and establishing mapping relations between the bullet frames and the index values of different levels, wherein the bullet frames comprise at least one functional module.
4. The Web automation test method of claim 3, wherein when the test case includes a plurality of the function modules, for the plurality of function modules having a hierarchical relationship, searching for the corresponding bullet frames in the order of the hierarchical relationship, and further searching for the function modules.
5. The Web automation test method of claim 2, wherein when the test case does not include the functional module, a corresponding automation test is performed when the page element is found.
6. A Web automation test device, comprising:
the test case acquisition unit is used for acquiring test cases, wherein the test cases comprise test objects and functional modules thereof;
before the test case is obtained, the method further comprises: constructing a template table of the test object, and filling keyword names and keyword types of all page elements in a tested page into the template table according to the level and sequence of the page elements, wherein the level corresponds to the keyword types;
a generating unit, configured to determine a number of the keyword according to a keyword name and a keyword type of the test object;
wherein the determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object includes: searching the corresponding keyword names and keyword types in the template table according to the keyword names and keyword types of the test objects in the test cases to determine the numbers of the keywords, wherein the numbers correspond to the line numbers of the keyword names and the keyword types in the template table;
the first searching unit is used for searching the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the number;
the searching the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the number comprises the following steps: determining an XPath attribute value of the page element according to the number, and searching the page element in the tested page according to the XPath attribute value;
the determining the XPath attribute value of the page element according to the number comprises: the serial number, a first character string and a second character string are spliced to generate the XPath attribute value of the page element, wherein the first character string is fixed, and the second character string is determined according to the keyword type;
the second searching unit is used for searching the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the functional module of the test object when the page element is searched;
the third searching unit is used for further searching the functional module in the bullet frame when the bullet frame is searched;
and the testing unit is used for carrying out corresponding automatic testing when the functional module is found.
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