CN101996131A - Automatic test method and automatic test platform for graphic user interface (GUI) based on x extensive makeup language (XML) packaging key word - Google Patents
Automatic test method and automatic test platform for graphic user interface (GUI) based on x extensive makeup language (XML) packaging key word Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic test method and an automatic test platform for a graphic user interface (GUI) based on extensive makeup language (XML) packaging key words. The method comprises the following steps: step a, a test architecture designer builds an XML architecture file for describing test key words comprising GUI elements; step b, a test example designer compiles an XML file according to the key words to form a test example which comprises test example logic, test data and an expectant result; and step c, a test platform developer develops an automatic test engine, analyzes the XML file in the test example, explains the test key words, locates the GUI elements, executes the test and verifies the result. The test logic and the test data are drawn out of test scripts and constructed by the automatic test developer and the developer, so that the automatic test developer and the tester can allow full play to individual superiorities without interaction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of computer software testing technology, particularly a kind of web application GUI automatic test approach and automatically testing platform.
Background technology
Along with computer software technology and Internet development, web application has obtained increasing application.Traditional Web uses the GUI automatic test approach, and people need write test script, utilizes the script programming to realize test logic, drives tested application GUI element, realizes the purpose of test automatically.Many commercial testing tools such as the WinRunner of Hewlett-Packard Corporation, QTP, increase income testing tool Watir, Selenium etc. are such principles.Business tool provides the function of recording usually, can write down tester's operation, produces test script.
The drawback of such method is: adopt the method for recording, the script of generation is a hard coded, and is non-structured, is difficult to safeguard.If, tester's program capability is had relatively high expectations with the method for programming.Usually, the test development personnel do not understand Test Design method and professional knowledge automatically, and the tester then is unfamiliar with programming language.In order to remedy these defectives, classic method mode of operation preferably is: tester's design test case, form the test case document, and the test development personnel realize test script automatically, be actually test case is translated into script, commissioning test is also safeguarded script.The problem that such mode of operation is brought is: the level of detail and accuracy requirement for test case are high, need more tester and more time to write test case, and may cause alternately between the different personnel understood ambiguity and can not be synchronous.Increase the demand of human resources and linked up cost.Common software company can not provide a large amount of personnel cost and time, press for a kind of lightweight, use more convenient, be more conducive to safeguard, more time saving and energy saving method is applied to GUI and tests automatically.
In fact, it is mixed in together that traditional scripting automatic test approach more will be tested driving, test logic, test data, scripting means readable relatively poor, and test script can't be directly used in the test case evaluation, must safeguard a test case and a test script simultaneously.
In view of above-mentioned defective, creator of the present invention is through research and practice have obtained this creation finally for a long time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, solve that will to test driving, test logic, test data in the existing scripting automatic test approach mixed in together, test script can't be directly used in the test case evaluation, must safeguard the technical matters of a test case and a test script simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of GUI automatic test approach based on XML encapsulation key word, comprising:
Step a, test structure designer set up XML framework file, and in order to describe the test key word, described key word comprises the GUI element;
Step b, test case designer writes the XML file according to described key word, forms test case, and described test case comprises test case logic, test data and expected results;
Step c, the test platform developer develops automatic testing engine, resolves the XML file in the described test case, explains described test key word, locatees described GUI element, carries out test and checking result.
The present invention also provides a kind of automatic test platform, comprises key word describing module, test case module and automatic testing engine;
Store an XML framework file in the described key word describing module, in order to describe the test key word, described key word comprises the GUI element;
The a plurality of test cases of storage in the described test case module, described test case is the XML file, comprises test logic, test data and expected results;
Described automatic testing engine is resolved described XML file, explains described key word, and the navigation test execution is located described GUI element, carries out test and checking result.
Further, described automatic testing engine comprises project management module, parsing module, navigation module, GUI element locating module, message processing module and authentication module;
Described project management module is set up test event, comprises test use cases, parameter when test run is set, config option;
Described parsing module is resolved test case XML file, preserves described each key object;
Described navigation module is explained described key word, carries out each test use cases, test case, recurrence according to the different levels of tested object and carries out the test case of quoting;
Key word in the described GUI element locating module read test use-case is described, and finds corresponding GUI element;
Described message processing module triggers various message on element object, to simulate various inputs;
The execution testing authentication described in the key word that described authentication module reads in the described test case.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, design a kind of test case of moving, test logic and test data are extracted from test script, make up by automatic test development personnel and tester respectively, give full play to the two advantage separately, do not need mutual between the two.Improve the readability of test logic simultaneously, arrange a collection of significant key word, make it can be directly used in the test case evaluation, do not need to write separately complicated detailed test case document in order to express test logic.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is keyword structure figure;
Fig. 2 is the workflow diagram based on the GUI automatic test approach of XML encapsulation key word;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing based on the GUI automatically testing platform of XML encapsulation key word.
Description of reference numerals:
1-key word describing module; 2-test case module; 3-test report format module; The 4-GUI library of object; The automatic testing engine of 5-; The 501-project management module; The 502-parsing module; The 503-navigation module; 504-GUI element locating module; 505-GUI element processing module; The 506-message processing module; The 507-authentication module; The 508-log pattern; 509-conventional data module; 510-multithreading and Win32API module.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be described in more detail with other technical characterictic and advantage the present invention is above-mentioned.Specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention.
At first XML key word, type and structure thereof among the present invention are described.See also shown in Figure 1ly, it is the keyword structure figure that the present invention is based on the GUI automatic test approach of XML encapsulation key word, and it has defined the structure between the key word.
The type of key word has:
Test frame class: test use cases, test case, test case precondition, test case postcondition;
Referenced classes: external testing set of uses case, test data table;
Variable class: variable, structure;
Test and management is supported class: corresponding product demand, corresponding testing requirement;
Class of operation: login system, menu, toolbar, input domain, inquiry, operation SQL statement, working procedure, time-out are carried out;
Input domain class: literal, selection, form, user prompt, button, tab, tree, clauses and subclauses;
Checking class: interface element value, interface element attribute, dialog box, database, file;
The verifying logic class: equal, be not equal to, comprise, do not comprise, greater than, less than, more than or equal to, smaller or equal to;
Composite class: combinatorial input territory, web page dialog box, data-driven;
Data-driven class: fixed step size data-driven, variable step data-driven.
See also shown in Figure 2ly, be the workflow diagram based on the GUI automatic test approach of XML encapsulation key word, it step that comprises is:
Step 101, the test structure designer sets up the XML framework file (its structure is as shown in Figure 1) of key word by the XML edit tool, constitutes key word describing module 1, and described key word comprises the GUI element;
By defining a whole set of XML element and type thereof, attribute, constraint, data, enumerated value, in order to describe the test key word; In the XML of key word describing module 1 framework file, definitions section, element term, element type, attribute, constraint, data type, default value; Wherein, to enumerate the optional value of mode defined attribute, design provides option to test case, reduces error rate; In element value, define test data.
By the XML crossover tool, the XML framework file of key word describing module 1 can be generated automatically the defined file of each key word type, offer the test platform developer and use.
Step 102: test case designer is according to the XML framework file of key word describing module 1, write test case by the XML edit tool, described test case is the XML data file, comprising test case logic, test data and expected results, and be combined into different test use cases, constitute test case module 2;
Test case designer can write some public test cases, quotes for other test cases designer, and is combined into different test use cases;
Test data and expected results value define in element value, and Available Variables are represented, also can represent with constant, also can use the reference data representation of file.Described data file is the Excel form.
Step 103: the test platform developer develops automatic testing engine, and testing engine is resolved the XML file in the test case module 2 automatically, explains key word, the navigation test execution, location GUI element to GUI library of object 4, quickens test execution next time with current GUI target cache.Carry out test and checking result.After carrying out end of test (EOT), produce text test log and XML form test report.
Accordingly, the invention provides a kind of GUI automatically testing platform, comprise key word describing module 1, test case module 2, test report format module 3, GUI library of object 4 and automatic testing engine 5 based on XML encapsulation key word.
Wherein, store an XML framework file in the key word describing module 1, in order to describe the test key word; The a plurality of test cases of storage in the test case module 2, described test case is the XML file, comprises test logic, test data and expected results; The a plurality of xsl files of storage are used for defining the test report form in the test report format module 3; Set up the mapping of description of GUI element key word and GUI element ID in the GUI library of object 4.
Automatically testing engine 5 comprises project management module 501, parsing module 502, navigation module 503, GUI element locating module 504, GUI element processing module 505, message processing module 506, authentication module 507, log pattern 508, conventional data module 509, and multithreading and Win32API module 510.
Key word in the GUI element locating module 504 read test use-cases is described, and finds corresponding GUI element, according to the description of key word, and message call processing module 506; GUI element locating module 504 is set up the mapping of description of GUI element key word and GUI element ID, and buffer memory GUI element object can be by using element ID location element in execution next time to GUI library of object 4, and accelerated test is carried out.With behind the element ID location element and the element key word describe and to compare, determine whether element ID expired, as the expired GUI library of object 4 of then upgrading.
GUI element processing module 505 is handled various complex Web page GUI elements, and as form, page turning, reference etc., according to the description of key word, message call processing module 506 is simulated various input operations;
According to the realization feature of different product, GUI element locating module 504 and GUI element processing module 505 need to realize the differentiation processing usually, to adapt to the different product characteristics;
After carrying out various input operations, authentication module 507 reads key word and describes the execution testing authentication, comprises all kinds of checkings such as interface element value, interface element attribute, dialog box, Database field value, file;
After the test execution, log pattern 508 logging test results record the Debugging message that makes a mistake in the test process test log of text formatting;
Described log pattern 508 calls described test report format module 3, test result, the test statistics information in each step are outputed to XML form test report, preserve the error interface sectional drawing, picture is linked to the test report relevant position, the test report of display formatization; The data of test report are separated with form, and the QA Manager can be by the display mode of the XSL style sheet customization test report in the definition test report format module 3.
Multithreading and Win32API module 510 provide multithreading to handle and call the Win32API function.Wherein, the appearance of web page dialog box, message notifying dialog box isotype dialog box can suspend the execution of main thread, after needs startup multithreading is handled, gets back to main thread and continues to carry out.
The present invention is by designing a kind of test case of moving, test logic and test data are extracted from test script, make up by test platform developer and test case designer respectively, give full play to the two advantage separately, do not need mutual between the two.Improve the readability of test case simultaneously, arrange a collection of significant key word, make it can be directly used in the test case evaluation, do not need to write separately complicated detailed test case document in order to express test logic.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, only is illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and nonrestrictive.Those skilled in the art is understood, and can carry out many changes to it in the spirit and scope that claim of the present invention limited, revise, even equivalence, but all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. the GUI automatic test approach based on XML encapsulation key word is characterized in that, comprising:
Step a, test structure designer set up XML framework file, and in order to describe the test key word, described key word comprises the GUI element;
Step b, test case designer writes the XML file according to described key word, forms test case, and described test case comprises test case logic, test data and expected results;
Step c, the test platform developer develops automatic testing engine, resolves the XML file in the described test case, explains described test key word, locatees described GUI element, carries out test and checking result.
2. the GUI automatic test approach based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that group, element term, element type, attribute, constraint, data type, the default value of the described key word of definition in the XML framework file among the described step a.
3. the GUI automatic test approach based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise among the described step a by the defined file of XML crossover tool, offer the test platform developer and use described each key word type of the automatic generation of described XML framework file.
4. the GUI automatic test approach based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the test case designer writes described test case according to the prompting of described XML framework file among the described step b.
5. the GUI automatic test approach based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the test data among the described step b perhaps represents with constant for to represent with variable, perhaps represents with quoting independently data file.
6. the GUI automatic test approach based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that among the described step b, test case designer is combined into different test use cases with described test case.
7. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word is characterized in that, comprises key word describing module, test case module and automatic testing engine;
Store an XML framework file in the described key word describing module, in order to describe the test key word, described key word comprises the GUI element;
The a plurality of test cases of storage in the described test case module, described test case is the XML file, comprises test logic, test data and expected results;
Described automatic testing engine is resolved described XML file, explains described key word, and the navigation test execution is located described GUI element, carries out test and checking result.
8. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that described automatic testing engine comprises project management module, parsing module, navigation module, GUI element locating module, message processing module and authentication module;
Described project management module is set up test event, comprises test use cases, parameter when test run is set, and config option calls described parsing module and resolves the test case XML file that test case is concentrated one by one;
Described parsing module is resolved test case XML file, preserves described each key object;
Described navigation module is carried out each test use cases, test case, recurrence according to the different levels of tested object and is carried out the test case of quoting, and explains described key word, calls described GUI element locating module location GUI element;
Key word in the described GUI element locating module read test use-case is described, and finds corresponding GUI element, according to the description of key word, calls described message processing module;
Described message processing module triggers various message on element object, to simulate various inputs; Carry out after the various input operations, call described authentication module, the output of verifying application programs;
The execution testing authentication described in the key word that described authentication module reads in the described test case.
9. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described test platform further comprises the GUI library of object, set up the mapping of described GUI element key word description and GUI element ID, carry out then by using element ID location element, the accelerated test execution next time.
10. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that described test platform further comprises test report module, stores a plurality of xsl files, is used for defining the test report form.
11. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described automatic testing engine further comprises GUI element processing module, be used to handle various complex Web page GUI elements, description according to key word, call described message processing module, simulate various input operations.
12. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described automatic testing engine further comprises log pattern, is used for logging test results, the Debugging message that makes a mistake in the test process is recorded the test log of text formatting.
13. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described log pattern calls the formatted file of described test report module definition, test result, the test statistics information in each step are outputed to XML form test report, preserve the error interface sectional drawing, picture is linked to the test report relevant position, the test report of display formatization.
14. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that described automatic testing engine further comprises the conventional data module, is used to handle various file input and output, database manipulation.
15. the GUI automatically testing platform based on XML encapsulation key word as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that described automatic testing engine further comprises multithreading and Win32API module, provides multithreading to handle and call the Win32API function.
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