CN112557763A - Frequency measuring device and using method - Google Patents
Frequency measuring device and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112557763A CN112557763A CN202011493990.9A CN202011493990A CN112557763A CN 112557763 A CN112557763 A CN 112557763A CN 202011493990 A CN202011493990 A CN 202011493990A CN 112557763 A CN112557763 A CN 112557763A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency measuring device and a using method thereof, comprising the following steps: the photoelectric detector is used for receiving part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracting a harmonic signal of pulse repetition frequency of the laser; a reference microwave frequency for outputting a reference signal; the phase discriminator is used for receiving the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performing phase discrimination processing and outputting the processed signals as error signals; the cavity length control system is used for receiving the error signal and outputting a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source; a lens for focusing the output femtosecond laser; the device comprises a photoconductive antenna, a frequency measuring unit and a frequency measuring unit, wherein the photoconductive antenna is used for receiving femtosecond laser output by focusing and generating a terahertz frequency comb at a gap of the photoconductive antenna, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antenna to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency comb and a frequency signal to be measured, and the frequency signal is mixed in the photoconductive antenna to generate a radio frequency signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz communication, and particularly relates to a frequency measuring device and a using method thereof.
Background
Terahertz waves generally refer to electromagnetic waves having a frequency in the range of 0.1THz to 10THz, which are located between microwave and infrared optics in the electromagnetic spectrum. Despite the natural world's abundance of terahertz radiation, the development of terahertz technology was greatly limited, with very few technologies and few if any applications, by the lack of efficient emission sources and sensitive detectors in this frequency band, before the mid-80 of the 20 th century. The terahertz frequency band becomes the last frequency band to be fully researched in the electromagnetic spectrum and is called as a terahertz gap. From the perspective of metering requirements, the lack of commercial application of terahertz has been a difficult drive to the development of terahertz metrology, creating a "metering gap" between electronic and optical metrology.
Along with the expansion of the terahertz application field, the demand on terahertz measurement is increasingly urgent. The emergence of various practical continuous wave terahertz sources also puts requirements on the frequency measurement work of continuous wave terahertz. The frequency is one of basic physical quantities of electromagnetic waves, and means for measuring the frequency are various. In the optical frequency range, usually, an interferometric method is used to measure the frequency, and the accurate frequency of the light source to be measured can be obtained by comparing the difference of interference fringes after the monochromatic light source to be measured and the optical frequency standard (such as a frequency stabilized laser) pass through a given path. In microwave and sub-millimeter wave bands, the beat method is a typical means of frequency measurement, and a wave source to be measured and a local oscillator generate standard signals with known frequency to be mixed, the generated beat signals fall in a radio frequency wave band, and a radio frequency instrument can directly and accurately measure the beat signals, so that the frequency value of the wave source to be measured is indirectly obtained. The terahertz wave band is located between the microwave wave band and the optical wave band, and the particularity brings many difficulties to the signal measurement of the terahertz wave band, especially the frequency measurement. Compared with the traditional microwave signal, the terahertz frequency is too high to be directly measured by a frequency spectrograph or an oscilloscope, and the frequency is too low to be measured by an interferometric method compared with the frequency of a lightwave signal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frequency measuring device and a using method thereof, which solve the problem of accurately measuring terahertz waves.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a frequency measuring apparatus, comprising:
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracting a harmonic signal of pulse repetition frequency of the laser;
a reference microwave frequency for outputting a reference signal;
the phase discriminator is used for receiving the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performing phase discrimination processing and outputting the processed signals as error signals;
the cavity length control system is used for receiving the error signal and outputting a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source;
the cavity length adjusting device is used for controlling the cavity length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse;
the attenuator is used for attenuating the femtosecond laser output after control;
a lens for focusing the output femtosecond laser;
the photoconductive antenna is used for receiving the focused output femtosecond laser to generate a terahertz frequency comb at the gap of the photoconductive antenna, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antenna to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency comb and a frequency signal to be measured to generate a radio frequency signal after the frequency mixing in the photoconductive antenna.
Further, a piezoelectric actuator and an electric translation stage are arranged in the laser oscillation cavity as the cavity length adjusting device.
Further, the cavity length control system is a phase-locked loop circuit.
Further, the reference frequency source is an atomic clock.
Further, the device also comprises a counter used for actually measuring the femtosecond laser pulse repetition frequency.
Further, the output signal of the frequency source to be measured is coupled and fed into the photoconductive antenna by a silicon lens after space transmission.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps;
an amplifier for amplifying the radio frequency signal;
a frequency spectrograph for detecting the amplified radio frequency signal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a frequency measuring device, comprising:
the photoelectric detector receives part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracts harmonic signals of pulse repetition frequency of the laser;
outputting a reference signal by referring to the microwave frequency;
the phase discriminator receives the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performs phase discrimination processing and outputs the processed signals as error signals;
the cavity length control system receives the error signal and outputs a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source;
the cavity length adjusting device controls the length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse;
the attenuator attenuates the femtosecond laser output after control;
a lens focuses the output femtosecond laser;
the method comprises the steps that a photoconductive antenna receives femtosecond laser output by focusing, and a terahertz frequency comb is generated at a gap of the photoconductive antenna, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antenna to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency comb and frequency signals to be detected to generate radio frequency signals after the frequency components and the frequency signals to be detected are mixed in the photoconductive antenna.
The invention achieves the following significant beneficial effects:
the realization is simple, include: the photoelectric detector is used for receiving part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracting a harmonic signal of pulse repetition frequency of the laser; a reference microwave frequency for outputting a reference signal; the phase discriminator is used for receiving the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performing phase discrimination processing and outputting the processed signals as error signals; the cavity length control system is used for receiving the error signal and outputting a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source; the cavity length adjusting device is used for controlling the cavity length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse; the attenuator is used for attenuating the femtosecond laser output after control; a lens for focusing the output femtosecond laser; the terahertz frequency comb is used for receiving the focused and output femtosecond laser and generating terahertz frequency combs at the gaps of the photoconductive antennas, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antennas to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency combs and generate radio frequency signals after the frequency signals to be detected are mixed in the photoconductive antennas, and the accuracy of terahertz frequency band frequency measurement can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency measurement device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method of using the frequency measuring device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The advantages and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to scale, which is intended merely for convenience and clarity in describing embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that, for clarity of description of the present invention, various embodiments are specifically described to further illustrate different implementations of the present invention, wherein the embodiments are illustrative and not exhaustive. In addition, for simplicity of description, the contents mentioned in the previous embodiments are often omitted in the following embodiments, and therefore, the contents not mentioned in the following embodiments may be referred to the previous embodiments accordingly.
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood that the inventors do not intend to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described, but intend to protect all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. The same meta-module part number may be used throughout the drawings to represent the same or similar parts.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a frequency measurement apparatus includes:
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracting a harmonic signal of pulse repetition frequency of the laser;
a reference microwave frequency for outputting a reference signal;
the phase discriminator is used for receiving the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performing phase discrimination processing and outputting the processed signals as error signals;
the cavity length control system is used for receiving the error signal and outputting a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source;
the cavity length adjusting device is used for controlling the cavity length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse;
the attenuator is used for attenuating the femtosecond laser output after control;
a lens for focusing the output femtosecond laser;
the photoconductive antenna is used for receiving the focused output femtosecond laser to generate a terahertz frequency comb at the gap of the photoconductive antenna, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antenna to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency comb and a frequency signal to be measured to generate a radio frequency signal after the frequency mixing in the photoconductive antenna.
In one embodiment, a piezoelectric actuator and an electric translation stage are placed in the laser oscillation cavity as the cavity length adjusting device.
In one embodiment, the cavity length control system is a phase locked loop circuit.
In one embodiment, the reference frequency source is an atomic clock.
In one embodiment, a counter is further included for measuring the femtosecond laser pulse repetition frequency.
In one embodiment, the frequency source output signal to be measured is coupled and fed into the photoconductive antenna by a silicon lens after space transmission.
In one embodiment, further comprising;
an amplifier for amplifying the radio frequency signal;
a frequency spectrograph for detecting the amplified radio frequency signal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a frequency measuring device, comprising:
the photoelectric detector receives part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracts harmonic signals of pulse repetition frequency of the laser;
outputting a reference signal by referring to the microwave frequency;
the phase discriminator receives the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performs phase discrimination processing and outputs the processed signals as error signals;
the cavity length control system receives the error signal and outputs a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source;
the cavity length adjusting device controls the length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse;
the attenuator attenuates the femtosecond laser output after control;
a lens focuses the output femtosecond laser;
the method comprises the steps that a photoconductive antenna receives femtosecond laser output by focusing, and a terahertz frequency comb is generated at a gap of the photoconductive antenna, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antenna to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency comb and frequency signals to be detected to generate radio frequency signals after the frequency components and the frequency signals to be detected are mixed in the photoconductive antenna.
As a specific example, the excitation laser of the invention is a Kerr lens mode-locked titanium sapphire femtosecond laser with the pulse width of about 50fs and the central wavelength of about 780 nm. A piezoelectric actuator and an electric translation platform are placed in the laser oscillation cavity to serve as a cavity length adjusting device, and the cavity length of the oscillation cavity is controlled by changing the position of the cavity mirror, so that the laser pulse repetition frequency is controlled. The laser pulse repetition frequency is locked to a reference frequency source (atomic clock) by a cavity length control system (phase locked loop circuit) and is about 80 MHz.
As a specific embodiment, the photodetector receives part of the laser, extracts a harmonic signal of the pulse repetition frequency, phase-discriminates the harmonic signal with a reference signal output by a reference microwave frequency, and inputs the harmonic signal and the reference signal into the cavity length control system as an error signal, and the cavity length control system outputs a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser, thereby realizing the locking of the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source. The repetition frequency of the femtosecond laser pulse is measured by a counter to be 80,012,380 Hz.
The femtosecond laser is attenuated to about 10mW by an attenuator, and is focused by a lens to be incident to a gap of a photoconductive antenna to generate a terahertz frequency comb. The frequency source to be measured outputs signals of about 100GHz, and the signals are coupled and fed into the photoconductive antenna by the silicon lens after being transmitted in space. The corresponding comb tooth component (mth comb tooth with frequency mf) of the terahertz frequency comb generated by exciting the photoconductive antenna by femtosecond laser and the frequency signal to be measured generate f after mixing in the photoconductive antennabeatThe signal is amplified by the amplifier and then detected by the frequency spectrograph.
As a specific embodiment, the frequency source to be measured comprises a signal source (Agilent E8257D) and a frequency hexamultiplier (Millitech AMC-10-RFH 00). The frequency of the output signal of the signal source is 16,669,186,667Hz, and the frequency of the signal to be measured is fcw16,669,186,667Hz × 6 is 100,015,120,002 Hz. Measured f by frequency spectrographbeatThe signal average was 354,996Hz and the signal-to-noise ratio was about 40 dB.
As a specific example, the repetition frequency of the femtosecond laser pulse is adjusted to be increased by 100Hz, and f is foundbeatThe signal increase is 480,000Hz, the number of the comb teeth participating in the frequency of the beat terahertz frequency is
The measured continuous wave signal has a frequency fMeasured in fact＝mf－fbeat100,015,120,005Hz, which differs from the actual value by only 3Hz (100,015,120,005 Hz-100,015,120,002 Hz-3 Hz).
As a specific example, as shown in FIG. 2, a femtosecond optical frequency comb with a pulse repetition frequency f and a photoconductive antenna act to generate a stable terahertz frequency comb, wherein the frequency of the mth comb tooth is mf. To-be-measured continuous terahertz wave (frequency f)cw) Mixing with a terahertz frequency comb, beating the two to generate a radio frequency signal fbeat(fbeat＝fcw-mf)。
Because m is delta fbeat/δf，fcw＝mf±fbeat(δfbeatIf the/delta f is positive, a minus sign is taken; δ fbeatIf/δ f is negative, then a plus sign is taken), where δ f is the change in f during the measurement, δ fbeatIs fbeatAnd correspondingly changed. And fbeatAnd f and δ fbeatAnd δ f can both be measured directly by a radio frequency instrument (in this example δ f is 100Hz, δ f)beat480000 ═ 354996 ═ 125004Hz), so that direct transmission of the terahertz frequency to the radio frequency is realized, and on the basis of this, absolute measurement of the terahertz frequency is further realized.
As a specific embodiment, the measuring device has the measuring range of a frequency band covered by the terahertz frequency comb, and the bandwidth reaches a few THz. The measurement precision is related to the frequency stability and accuracy of the terahertz frequency comb. The repetition frequency of the femtosecond laser is locked to a reference microwave source such as an atomic clock, so that the terahertz frequency comb can be traced to the time-frequency standard indirectly, and the accuracy of terahertz frequency band frequency measurement is greatly improved.
The invention achieves the following significant beneficial effects:
the realization is simple, include: the photoelectric detector is used for receiving part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracting a harmonic signal of pulse repetition frequency of the laser; a reference microwave frequency for outputting a reference signal; the phase discriminator is used for receiving the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performing phase discrimination processing and outputting the processed signals as error signals; the cavity length control system is used for receiving the error signal and outputting a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source; the cavity length adjusting device is used for controlling the cavity length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse; the attenuator is used for attenuating the femtosecond laser output after control; a lens for focusing the output femtosecond laser; the terahertz frequency comb is used for receiving the focused and output femtosecond laser and generating terahertz frequency combs at the gaps of the photoconductive antennas, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antennas to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency combs and generate radio frequency signals after the frequency signals to be detected are mixed in the photoconductive antennas, and the accuracy of terahertz frequency band frequency measurement can be greatly improved.
Any other suitable modifications can be made according to the technical scheme and the conception of the invention. All such alternatives, modifications and improvements as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A frequency measurement device, comprising:
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracting a harmonic signal of pulse repetition frequency of the laser;
a reference microwave frequency for outputting a reference signal;
the phase discriminator is used for receiving the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performing phase discrimination processing and outputting the processed signals as error signals;
the cavity length control system is used for receiving the error signal and outputting a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source;
the cavity length adjusting device is used for controlling the cavity length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse;
the attenuator is used for attenuating the femtosecond laser output after control;
a lens for focusing the output femtosecond laser;
the photoconductive antenna is used for receiving the focused output femtosecond laser to generate a terahertz frequency comb at the gap of the photoconductive antenna, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antenna to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency comb and a frequency signal to be measured to generate a radio frequency signal after the frequency mixing in the photoconductive antenna.
2. The frequency measurement device of claim 1, wherein: and a piezoelectric actuator and an electric translation platform are arranged in the laser oscillation cavity to serve as the cavity length adjusting device.
3. The frequency measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cavity length control system is a phase-locked loop circuit.
4. The frequency measurement device of claim 3, wherein: the reference frequency source is an atomic clock.
5. The frequency measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a counter used for actually measuring the femtosecond laser pulse repetition frequency.
6. The frequency measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the output signal of the frequency source to be measured is coupled and fed into the photoconductive antenna by the silicon lens after being transmitted in space.
7. The frequency measurement device of claim 1, further comprising;
an amplifier for amplifying the radio frequency signal;
a frequency spectrograph for detecting the amplified radio frequency signal.
8. A method of using a frequency measurement device, comprising:
the photoelectric detector receives part of laser generated by the femtosecond laser and extracts harmonic signals of pulse repetition frequency of the laser;
outputting a reference signal by referring to the microwave frequency;
the phase discriminator receives the harmonic signal and the reference signal, performs phase discrimination processing and outputs the processed signals as error signals;
the cavity length control system receives the error signal and outputs a feedback control signal to control the cavity length of the femtosecond laser so as to lock the laser pulse repetition frequency to a reference frequency source;
the cavity length adjusting device controls the length of the oscillation cavity by changing the position of the cavity mirror so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser pulse;
the attenuator attenuates the femtosecond laser output after control;
a lens focuses the output femtosecond laser;
the method comprises the steps that a photoconductive antenna receives femtosecond laser output by focusing, and a terahertz frequency comb is generated at a gap of the photoconductive antenna, so that the femtosecond laser excites the photoconductive antenna to generate corresponding comb tooth components of the terahertz frequency comb and frequency signals to be detected to generate radio frequency signals after the frequency components and the frequency signals to be detected are mixed in the photoconductive antenna.
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Cited By (1)
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