CN112490673A - Has a structure of 2nDesign method of relational Butler matrix - Google Patents
Has a structure of 2nDesign method of relational Butler matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN112490673A CN112490673A CN201910861199.XA CN201910861199A CN112490673A CN 112490673 A CN112490673 A CN 112490673A CN 201910861199 A CN201910861199 A CN 201910861199A CN 112490673 A CN112490673 A CN 112490673A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a design with a value of 2nButler matrix of individual beams. The method is based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), with a non-2nThe method comprises the steps of (1) the topological structure of FFT with multiple points, replacing a butterfly structure in the topological structure by a directional coupler to obtain a network structure of a Butler matrix with the same number of wave beams, setting the amplitude phase of each directional coupler as an unknown number, and writing out a transmission matrix of the network. And obtaining a target matrix according to the antenna array directional pattern intensity equation of the corresponding beam number. And solving an equation by using the transmission matrix of the network to be equal to the target matrix to obtain the amplitude and phase relation of each directional coupler. The directional coupler adopts an arbitrary phase difference coupler or a quadrature coupler and a phase shifter or a 0 °/180 ° coupler and a phase shifter. The design method hasAnd in physical significance, compared with other algorithms of the beam forming network, the method needs fewer couplers, is simple and has universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multi-beam feed networks and multi-beam antennas, in particular to a multi-beam antenna with a non-2 structurenAnd (3) a design method of a relational Butler matrix.
Background
A multi-beam antenna refers to an antenna that can form multiple beams in different directions using a single aperture. The novel radar antenna can effectively reduce the size and the cost, can realize wide-angle coverage, is a key technology in wireless communication and modern radars, and has a very wide application prospect.
The core of a multi-beam antenna is its beam forming network. Various researchers have implemented a variety of different types of multi-beam antennas based on different principles. There are two general categories that can be distinguished depending on the implementation principle. One is based on quasi-optical technology, utilizes reflecting surface or lens, place different feed sources in different positions to form the multibeam, this kind of multibeam antenna has bandwidth width, the adjustable advantage of the number of beam, but the size of reflecting surface or lens is bigger, inconvenient to install and integrate, the isolation among the ports is relatively poor, have limited their application; another type is a feed network based on a form of circuit. With the rapid development of microwave integration technology, a beam forming network in a circuit form is more and more valued by various researchers, wherein a Butler matrix is an important implementation form. Compared with a reflecting surface and a lens multi-beam antenna, the Butler matrix has the advantages of low profile, light weight and convenience for integration with a radio frequency circuit; compared with other beam forming networks which can also be realized in a circuit form, such as a Nolen matrix, a Blass matrix and the like, the Butler matrix has a more balanced structure, the beams have orthogonality, the beam forming algorithm is simple, the structural complexity and the manufacturing cost of the system are lower, the system can directly replace a diversity system of the existing mobile communication system to realize updating, and the beam forming network formed by the Butler matrix is adopted based on the Irdium (Irdium) system in the United states.
Classical Butler matrices can only be implemented with 2 × 2, 4 × 4, etc. having 2nThe beams in relation to each other make the Butler matrix greatly restricted in use and lack flexibility. For example, in wireless cellular base station applications, the base station needs a multi-beam antenna that divides the surrounding space into 3 zones or 6 zones, and the corresponding wave number width needs 65 ° or 33 °, which cannot be achieved by the current Butler matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel material with a non-2 structurenAnd (3) a design method of a relational Butler matrix.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: has a structure of 2nThe design method of the relational Butler matrix comprises the following steps:
and 5, determining devices used in the Butler matrix according to the amplitude and phase relation of the arbitrary phase difference coupler, and connecting the devices according to the network structure of the Butler matrix to complete the design of the Butler matrix.
Further, the use of a compound having a non-2 in step 1nTopological structure of fast Fourier transform of points to obtain non-2nThe network structure of the Butler matrix of the relationship is specifically as follows:
all butterfly structures in the topology of fast Fourier transform are replaced by directional couplers, and all cross points are replaced by jumpers to obtain a non-2nNetwork structure of the Butler matrix of relationships.
Further, the transmission matrix of the Butler matrix network in step 2 is:
i.e. Y ═ WNX; its transmission matrix WNElement w of (5)inThe parameters to be solved in the formula are the amplitude and the phase of the directional coupler, and the value of i in the formula is from 1 to N, and yiRepresenting the ith beam, N taking values from 1 to N, xnRepresenting the nth array element.
Further, the target matrix of the Butler matrix in step 3 is:
i.e. Y ═ TNX, the elements in the object matrix of which are
Wherein
The value of α affects the pointing of all N mutually orthogonal beams formed by the Butler matrix.
Further, the equation for solving the amplitude and phase relation of the directional coupler in step 4 is: wN＝TN；
And further specifically designing devices used in the Butler matrix according to the amplitude and phase relation, and connecting the devices according to the network structure of the Butler matrix to complete the design of the Butler matrix.
The directional coupler is provided with two input ends and two output ends, namely a first input port, a second input port, a first output port and a second output port. The first input end and the first output end of the directional coupler are distributed on the same side, and the second input end and the second output end of the directional coupler are distributed on the same side.
Further, the amplitude relationship of the directional coupler satisfies: when the power is inputted from any input port, the power of the same side output port and the power of the different side output port are added to be 1, as shown in fig. 1, namely alpham 2+βm 2＝1。
Further, the phase relationship of the directional coupler satisfies: the phase difference before the input/output ports on the same side is equal to the sum of the phase differences between the input/output ports on different sides minus the phase difference between the input/output ports on the other side plus pi, as shown in FIG. 1, i.e. phim＝-θm+γm+ξm+π。
The directional coupler adopts a directional coupler with any phase difference or a 0 degree/90 degree directional coupler and a lifter or a 0 degree/180 degree directional coupler and a phase shifter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) the invention is designed to obtain a value other than 2nThe Butler matrix enables the application of the Butler matrix to be more flexible; 2) in the invention, term "is not 2nThe design method of the Butler matrix is based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), so that the design has physical significance, and the physical significance ensures that the number of devices used in the design is minimum; 3) the invention provides a general non-2nThe design method of the Butler matrix has universality.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude phase distribution of an arbitrary phase difference directional coupler.
Fig. 2 is a topology structure diagram of FFT used in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a topology structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of device connection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a coupler used in the embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a jumper used in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of simulated amplitude and phase results for an embodiment of the present invention, where graph (a) is from the first input port (y) of an embodiment of the present invention1) Amplitude and phase diagrams for six output ports when inputting signals, diagram (b) from the second input port (y) of an embodiment of the invention2) Amplitude and phase diagrams for six output ports when inputting signals, diagram (c) from the third input port (y) of an embodiment of the invention3) Amplitude and phase diagrams for six output ports when inputting signals, diagram (d) is from the fourth input port (y) of the embodiment of the invention4) With six output ports for input signalsAmplitude and phase diagram, diagram (e) from the fifth input port (y) of an embodiment of the invention5) Amplitude and phase diagrams for six output ports when inputting signals, diagram (f) from the sixth input port (y) of the embodiment of the present invention6) Amplitude and phase diagrams of six output ports when signals are input.
Fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of beam pointing when feeding an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
With reference to the attached drawings, the invention has a structure other than 2nThe design method of the relational Butler matrix comprises the following steps:
all butterfly structures in the topology of fast Fourier transform are replaced by directional couplers, and all cross points are replaced by jumpers to obtain a non-2nNetwork structure of the Butler matrix of relationships.
And 5, determining devices used in the Butler matrix according to the amplitude and phase relation of the directional coupler, and connecting the devices according to the network structure of the Butler matrix to complete the design of the Butler matrix.
A Butler matrix designed by the method, which is a 6 × 6Butler matrix, has a single-layer structure, has 6 input ports and 6 output ports, and includes a first directional coupler 1, a second directional coupler 2, a third directional coupler 3, a tenth jumper 10, an eleventh jumper 11, a twelfth jumper 12, a first 3 × 3Butler matrix and a second 3 × 3Butler matrix;
the first 3X 3Butler matrix comprises a fourth directional coupler 4, a fifth directional coupler 5, a sixth directional coupler 6 and a phasing line
The second 3 x 3Butler matrix comprises a seventh directional coupler 7, an eighth directional coupler 8, a ninth directional coupler 9, a phasing line
The nine directional couplers are provided with two input ports and two output ports, and the three jumper connectors are provided with two input ports and two output ports;
six input ports of the 6 x 6Butler matrix are respectively a first input port y1Second input port y2Third input port y3Fourth input port y4Fifth input port y5Sixth input port y6Six output ports are respectively the first output port x1Second output port x2Third output port x3Fourth output port x4Fifth output port x5Sixth output port x6；
The first input port of the first directional coupler 1 is used as the first input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix1(ii) a The first input port of the second directional coupler 2 serves as the second input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix2；
The first input port of the third directional coupler 3 is used as the third input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix3(ii) a The second input port of the first directional coupler 1 is used as the fourth input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix4(ii) a The second input port of the second directional coupler 2 is used as the fifth input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix5(ii) a The second input port of the third directional coupler 3 is used as the sixth input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix6；
A first output port of the fourth directional coupler 4 is used as a first output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix1(ii) a The first output port of the seventh directional coupler 7 serves as the second output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix2(ii) a The first output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 serves as the third output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix3(ii) a The first output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 serves as the fourth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix4(ii) a The second output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 is used as the fifth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix5(ii) a The second output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 serves as the sixth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix6；
A first input port of the fourth directional coupler 4 is used as a first input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first input port of the fifth directional coupler 5 is used as a second input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix, a second input port of the fifth directional coupler 5 is used as a third input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first output port of the fifth directional coupler 5 is connected with a second input port of the fourth directional coupler 4, a second output port of the fifth directional coupler 5 is connected with a second input port of the sixth directional coupler 6, and a second output port of the fourth directional coupler 4 is connected with a first input port of the sixth directional coupler 6;
a first input port of the seventh directional coupler 7 is used as a first input port of the second 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first input port of the eighth directional coupler 8 is used as a second input port of the second 3 × 3Butler matrix, a second input port of the eighth directional coupler 8 is used as a third input port of the second 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first output port of the eighth directional coupler 8 is connected with a second input port of the seventh directional coupler 7, a second output port of the eighth directional coupler 8 is connected with a second input port of the ninth directional coupler 9, and a second output port of the seventh directional coupler 7 is connected with a first input port of the ninth directional coupler 9;
the second output port of the first directional coupler 1 and the first output port of the second directional coupler 2 are respectively connected with the first input port and the second input port of the tenth jumper 10; a second output port of the second directional coupler 2 and a first output port of the third directional coupler 3 are connected with a first input port and a second input port of the eleventh jumper 11, respectively; a second output port of the tenth jumper 10 and a first output port of the eleventh jumper 11 are connected to a first input port and a second input port of the twelfth jumper 12, respectively;
a first output port of the first directional coupler 1 is connected with a first input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix; a first output port of the tenth jumper 10 is connected to a second input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix, and a first output port of the twelfth jumper 12 is connected to a third input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix; a second output port of the twelfth jumper 12 is connected to a first input port of a second 3 x 3Butler matrix; a second output port of the eleventh jumper 11 is connected to a second input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix, and a second output port of the third directional coupler 3 is connected to a third input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix.
The fourth directional coupler 4 is an unequal power distribution directional coupler, and the distributed power of two output ends of the fourth directional coupler is 1/3 and 2/3 of the power of the input signal respectively;
the seventh directional coupler 7 is an unequal power distribution directional coupler, and the distributed power of two output ends of the unequal power distribution directional coupler is 1/3 and 2/3 of the power of the input signal respectively;
the first directional coupler 1, the second directional coupler 2, the third directional coupler 3, the fifth directional coupler 5, the sixth directional coupler 6, the eighth directional coupler 8 and the ninth directional coupler 9 are equal power distribution directional couplers, and the distribution power of the two output ends is 1/2 of the input signal power.
The directional coupler is an arbitrary phase difference directional coupler or an 0/90-degree directional coupler or a 0/180-degree directional coupler;
the first input ports and the first output ports of all the couplers and the jumper are distributed on the same side, and the second input ports and the second output ports are distributed on the same side.
The first to ninth directional couplers 1 to 9, the tenth jumper 10, the eleventh jumper 11, and the twelfth jumper 12 are microstrip structures, stripline structures, or SIW structures;
all the devices are connected by a microstrip line or a strip line with phase shift characteristic or an SIW structure;
the coupler is a branch line directional coupler or a coupled line coupler.
The first input port of the first directional coupler 1 is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the first input port y of a 6 × 6Butler matrix1(ii) a The first input port of the second directional coupler 2 is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the second output port y of the 6 x 6Butler matrix2(ii) a The first input port of the third directional coupler 3 is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the third output port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix3(ii) a The second input port of the first directional coupler 1 is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the fourth output port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix4(ii) a The second input port of the second directional coupler 2 is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the fifth output port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix5(ii) a The second input port of the third directional coupler 3 is externally connected with a microstrip line or a stripline or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the sixth output port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix6；
The first output port of the fourth directional coupler 4 is externally connected with a microstrip line or a stripline or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the first output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix1(ii) a The first output port of the seventh directional coupler 7 is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the second output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix2(ii) a The first output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the third output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix3(ii) a The first output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure having phase shift characteristics as the fourth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix4(ii) a The second output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the fifth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix5(ii) a The second output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the sixth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix6。
The invention is designed to obtain a value other than 2nThe Butler matrix enables the application of the Butler matrix to be more flexible; in the invention, term "is not 2nThe design method of the Butler matrix is based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), so that the design has physical significance, and the physical significance ensures that the number of devices used in the design is minimum; the invention provides a general non-2nThe design method of the Butler matrix has universality.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, an embodiment of the invention provides a design of a 6 × 6Butler matrix. According to the 6-point FFT topological structure shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention obtains the network topological structure of the 6 x 6Butler matrix shown in fig. 3. The 6-point FFT topological structure consists of three 2-point FFTs and 2 3-point FFTs; the network topology structure of the 6 multiplied by 6Butler matrix is characterized in that all butterfly structures in a 6-point FFT topology structure are replaced by branch line orthogonal directional couplers and microstrip snake-shaped phase shifting lines; all cross-points are replaced by crossovers.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, a transmission matrix of a network structure of a 6 × 6Butler matrix designed in the embodiment of the present invention has the following form:
the unknowns are made up of the amplitude and phase of the directional coupler. The transmission matrix is written somewhat extensively in all columns but is easily written out, so only two examples are given here:
in the 6 × 6Butler matrix designed in the embodiment of the present invention, α ═ pi/6 is used to obtain mutually orthogonal beams symmetric with respect to the normal direction of the antenna array. The target matrix of the 6 × 6Butler matrix designed in the embodiment of the present invention is:
transmission matrix W of a network structure6And the target matrix T6And the amplitude and phase relations of the devices used in the network structure of the 6 x 6Butler matrix can be solved.
In the design of the Butler matrix, any phase difference directional coupler, 0/90-degree directional coupler and a transposer, or 0/180-degree directional coupler and a transposer can be used. The above design method is not changed regardless of which coupler is used. An 0/90 degree directional coupler and serpentine phase shifting are used in embodiments of the present invention.
The 6 × 6Butler matrix designed in the embodiment of the present invention includes a first directional coupler 1, a second directional coupler 2, a third directional coupler 3, a tenth jumper 10, an eleventh jumper 11, a twelfth jumper 12, a first 3 × 3Butler matrix, a second 3 × 3Butler matrix, and a serpentine phase-shifting line;
the first 3X 3Butler matrix consists of a fourth directional coupler 4, a fifth directional coupler 5, a sixth directional coupler 6 and a phasing line
Forming; the second 3X 3Butler matrix consists of a seventh directional coupler 7, an eighth directional coupler 8, a ninth directional coupler 9 and a phasing line
Forming;
the connection relationship among the components of the 6 × 6Butler matrix according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 4, where the 6 × 6Butler matrix has 6 input ports and six output ports, which are respectively the first input port y1A second input port y2And a third input port y3And a fourth input port y4And a fifth input port y5And a sixth input port y6First output port x1A second output port x2And a third output port x3And a fourth output port x4The fifth output port x5Sixth output port x6；
The 6 × 6Butler matrix described in the embodiment of the present invention: from the first input port y1At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The output ports have the same amplitude, and the phase difference between the adjacent label output ports is 30 degrees; from the second input port y2At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6Having the same amplitude and adjacent label outputsThe phase difference between the ports is 90 degrees; from the third input port y3At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The output ports have the same amplitude, and the phase difference between the adjacent label output ports is 150 degrees; from the fourth input port y4At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The output ports have the same amplitude, and the phase difference between the adjacent label output ports is-150 degrees; from the fifth input port y5At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The output ports have the same amplitude, and the phase difference between the adjacent label output ports is-90 degrees; from the sixth input port y6At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The output ports have the same amplitude, and the phase difference between the adjacent label output ports is-30 degrees;
the first to ninth directional couplers 1 to 9 and the tenth to twelfth transconnectors 10 to 12 and the shifters may be implemented using microstrip or stripline or SIW structures. In the present embodiment, the first to ninth directional couplers 1 to 9 and the tenth to twelfth transconnectors 10 to 12 are implemented with microstrip structures and the shifters are implemented with microstrip structures.
The first to ninth directional couplers 1 to 9 are branch line couplers or coupled line couplers. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first directional coupler 1 to the ninth directional coupler 9 are all implemented by using a branch line coupler structure, please refer to fig. 6. The first directional coupler 1 to the ninth directional coupler 9 each have two input ports and two output ports, which are a first input port, a second input port, a first output port, and a second output port. The first input port and the first output port are distributed on the same side, and the second input port and the second output port are distributed on the same side; the first directional coupler 1 to the ninth directional coupler 9 are all orthogonal couplers, and are characterized in that: when feeding power from any input port, the transmission phase of the output end on the different side is delayed by 90 degrees compared with the transmission phase of the output end on the same side.
Specifically, the fourth directional coupler 4 and the seventh directional coupler 7 are unequal power distribution directional couplers having 90-degree phase shift characteristics, and are characterized in that: when a signal is input from the first input port1, the allocated power of the first output port3 and the second output port4 are 1/3 and 2/3 of the input signal, respectively, and the output phase of the second output port4 is delayed by 90 degrees compared to the output phase of the first output port 3. Similarly, when a signal is input from the second input port2, the allocated power of the first output port3 and the second output port4 is 2/3 and 1/3 of the input signal, respectively, and the output phase of the first output port3 is delayed by 90 degrees compared to the output phase of the second output port 4.
The first directional coupler 1, the second directional coupler 2, the third directional coupler 3, the fifth directional coupler 5, the sixth directional coupler 6, the eighth directional coupler 8, and the ninth directional coupler 9 are equal power distribution directional couplers having a 90-degree phase shift characteristic. When a signal is fed from the first input port1 of the directional coupler, the distributed power of the first output port3 and the second output port4 are equal, each being half of the input signal power, and the output phase of the second output port4 is delayed by 90 degrees compared to the output phase of the first output port 3. Similarly, when a signal is fed from the second input port2 of the directional coupler, the distributed power of the first output port3 and the second output port4 are equal, each being half of the input signal power, and the output phase of the first output port3 is delayed by 90 degrees compared to the output phase of the second output port 4.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the tenth jumper 10 to the twelfth jumper 12 are implemented in a microstrip manner, specifically referring to fig. 7. The tenth jumper 10 to twelfth jumper 12 are characterized in that: when the power is fed from any input port, only the output port on the opposite side has signal output, and the phase shift of the output end is advanced by 133.5 degrees compared with that of the input end. Specifically, when a signal is input from the first input port1, only the second output port4 has a signal output, the power of the output signal is equal to the power of the input signal, and the phase is advanced by 133.5 degrees. Similarly, when a signal is input from the second input port2, only the first output port3 has a signal output, the power of the output signal is equal to the power of the input signal, and the phase is advanced by 133.5 degrees.
In the embodiment of the invention, the characteristic impedance of the serpentine phase shifting line is 50 ohms.
Further, please refer to fig. 4 and 5:
the first input port of the first directional coupler 1 is used as the first input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix1(ii) a The first input port of the second directional coupler 2 serves as the second input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix2(ii) a The first input port of the third directional coupler 3 is used as the third input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix3(ii) a The second input port of the first directional coupler 1 is used as the fourth input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix4(ii) a The second input port of the second directional coupler 2 is used as the fifth input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix5(ii) a The second input port of the third directional coupler 3 is used as the sixth input port y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix6；
A first output port of the fourth directional coupler 4 is used as a first output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix1(ii) a The first output port of the seventh directional coupler 7 serves as the second output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix2(ii) a The first output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 serves as the third output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix3(ii) a The first output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 serves as the fourth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix4(ii) a The second output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 is used as the fifth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix5(ii) a The second output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 serves as the sixth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix6。
A first input port of the fourth directional coupler 4 is used as a first input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first input port of the fifth directional coupler 5 is used as a second input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix, a second input port of the fifth directional coupler 5 is used as a third input port of the first 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first output port of the fifth directional coupler 5 is connected with a second input port of the fourth directional coupler 4, and a fifth directional coupler 5 is connected with a second input port of the fourth directional coupler 4The second output port of the coupler 5 passes through a-14-degree serpentine phase shift line
Is connected to a second input of the sixth directional coupler 6, and a second output of the fourth directional coupler 4 is connected to a first input of the sixth directional coupler 6;
a first input port of the seventh directional coupler 7 is used as a first input port of the second 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first input port of the eighth directional coupler 8 is used as a second input port of the second 3 × 3Butler matrix, a second input port of the eighth directional coupler 8 is used as a third input port of the second 3 × 3Butler matrix, a first output port of the eighth directional coupler 8 is connected with a second input port of the seventh directional coupler 7, and a second output port of the eighth directional coupler 8 passes through a-14-degree serpentine phase shift line
Is connected to the second input of the ninth directional coupler 9, and the second output of the seventh directional coupler 7 is connected to the first input of the ninth directional coupler 9;
the second output port of the first directional coupler 1 and the first output port of the second directional coupler 2 are respectively connected with the first input port and the second input port of the tenth jumper 10; a second output port of the second directional coupler 2 and a first output port of the third directional coupler 3 are connected with a first input port and a second input port of the eleventh jumper 11, respectively; a second output port of the tenth jumper 10 and a first output port of the eleventh jumper 11 are connected to a first input port and a second input port of the twelfth jumper 12, respectively;
the first output port of the first directional coupler 1 passes through a section of 50 ohm microstrip line (1a-1b) with the phase shift of-118.6 degrees and a snake-shaped phase shift line with the phase shift of 110.2 degrees
A microstrip line (3a-4a) with the phase shift of-104.6 degrees and 50 ohms is connected with a first input port of the first 3 multiplied by 3Butler matrix; the first output port of the tenth jumper 10 passes through a segment 50The ohmic microstrip line (2b-3b) is connected with the second input port of the first 3 x 3Butler matrix, and the first output port of the twelfth jumper 12 is connected with the third input port of the first 3 x 3Butler matrix; a second output port of the twelfth jumper 12 is connected with a first input port of the second 3 × 3Butler matrix through a section of 50-ohm microstrip line (3d-4 d); the second output port of the eleventh jumper 11 passes through a-143.2 degree serpentine phasing line
Connected to the second input ports of the second 3X 3Butler matrix, and the second output port of the third directional coupler 3 passes through a-57.6 degree serpentine phasing line
Connected to a third input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix;
a first output port of the fourth directional coupler 4 is connected with a first output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix through a section of 50 ohm microstrip line1Connecting; the first output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 passes through a 50.1 degree serpentine phasing line
And a third output port x of said 6 x 6Butler matrix3Connecting; the second output port of the sixth directional coupler 6 passes through a-160.25 degree serpentine phasing line
And a fifth output port x of said 6 x 6Butler matrix5Connecting; the first output port of the seventh directional coupler 7 passes through a-104.6 degree serpentine phasing line
And a section of 50 ohm microstrip line and a second output port x of the 6 x 6Butler matrix2Connecting; the first output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 passes through a-105.6 degree serpentine phasing line
And the placeThe fourth output port x of the 6 × 6Butler matrix4Connecting; the second output port of the ninth directional coupler 9 passes through a 44-degree serpentine phase shift line
And a sixth output port x of said 6 x 6Butler matrix6Are connected.
Referring to fig. 4, the flow of the rf signal in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
if the radio frequency signal is from the first input port y1The method comprises the steps that input signals are firstly divided into two paths of signals after passing through a first directional coupler 1, wherein one path of signals are output by a first output end 1a of the first directional coupler 1, and the other path of signals are output by a second output end 1b of the first directional coupler 1; the signal output by the first directional coupler 4 enters the second directional coupler 4 from the second directional coupler 4 through the 50-ohm microstrip line and the snake-shaped phase shifting line, and is divided into two paths of signals again, wherein one path of signal is output from a first output end 5a of the second directional coupler 4, and the other path of signal is output from a second output end 5b of the second directional coupler 4; the signal output by 5a passes through the microstrip line and finally passes through a first output port x of the 6 multiplied by 6Butler matrix1The signal output by 5b enters the sixth directional coupler 6 and is output from two output ends of the sixth directional coupler 6 respectively through
And
then from a third output x of the 6 x 6Butler matrix3And a fifth output port x5Outputting; the signal output by the 1b passes through the tenth jumper 10, enters the twelfth jumper 12 from the port 2c, passes through the twelfth jumper 12, is output from the port 3d, enters the seventh directional coupler 7 from the port 4d, and is divided into two paths of signals again, wherein one path of signal is output from the first output end 5d of the seventh directional coupler 7, and the other path of signal is output from the second output end 5e of the seventh directional coupler 7; the signal outputted by 5d passes through
And microstrip lineFinally, the output port x of the 6X 6Butler matrix is connected with the second output port x2The signal output by 5e enters the ninth directional coupler 9 and is output from two output ends of the ninth directional coupler 9 respectively through
And
then from a fourth output x of the 6 x 6Butler matrix4And a sixth output port x6Outputting;
when rf signals are input from other input ports, the analysis process of the signals flowing through the rf signals is similar to the above process, and will not be described herein again. In the case of two paths from one input port to one output port of the Butler matrix, the signal at the output port of the Butler matrix is the vector sum of the signals flowing through the two paths.
FIG. 8 shows the results of the HFSS simulation S parameters according to the embodiment of the present invention, which are respectively obtained from the first input ports y of the 6 × 6Butler matrix of the embodiment1To the sixth input port y6When inputting signal, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6Amplitude and phase. It can be seen from the figure that at the center frequency of 5.1GHz, when going from the first input port y1At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The amplitude of the phase difference is within the range of minus 8.7 +/-0.5 dB, and the phase difference is within the range of 30 +/-3.9 degrees; when the input port y is from the second input port2At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The amplitude of the phase difference is within the range of minus 8.8 +/-0.2 dB, and the phase difference is within the range of 90 +/-2.7 degrees; when the input signal is inputted from the third input port y3At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The amplitude of the phase difference is within the range of minus 8.6 +/-0.3 dB, and the phase difference is within the range of 150 +/-4.1 degrees; when the input port y is from the fourth input port4At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The amplitude of the phase difference is within the range of minus 8.7 +/-0.3 dB, and the phase difference is within the range of minus 150 +/-6.6 degrees; when from the fifth input port y5At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The amplitude of the phase difference is within the range of minus 8.6 +/-0.3 dB, and the phase difference is within the range of minus 90 +/-3.2 degrees; when inputting from the sixth input port y6At input, the first output port x1To the sixth output port x6The amplitude of the phase difference is within the range of-8.7 +/-0.5 dB, and the phase difference is within the range of-30 +/-4.8 degrees.
The output port of the 6 × 6Butler matrix provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be connected to have 6 antenna arrays, and 6 beams with different directions are generated at 6 input ports, respectively, please refer to fig. 9. In the embodiment of the invention, six mutually orthogonal beams are symmetrical about the normal direction of the antenna array.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express one embodiment of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Has a structure of 2nThe method for designing the Butler matrix of the relation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, utilizing a catalyst having a value other than 2nTopological structure of fast Fourier transform of points to obtain non-2nA network structure of a Butler matrix of the relationship;
step 2, according to the obtained non-2nDetermining a transmission matrix of the network, namely a matrix to be solved, by using the network structure of the relational Butler matrix;
step 3, determining a target matrix of the Butler matrix;
step 4, determining the amplitude and phase relation of each directional coupler according to the transmission matrix of the network and the target matrix of the Butler matrix;
and 5, determining devices used in the Butler matrix according to the amplitude and phase relation of the directional coupler, and connecting the devices according to the network structure of the Butler matrix to complete the design of the Butler matrix.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, having a value other than 2nThe design method of the relational Butler matrix is characterized in that: in step 1 with a value other than 2nTopological structure of fast Fourier transform of points to obtain non-2nThe network structure of the Butler matrix of the relationship is specifically as follows:
all butterfly structures in the topology of fast Fourier transform are replaced by directional couplers, and all cross points are replaced by jumpers to obtain a non-2nNetwork structure of the Butler matrix of relationships.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, having a value other than 2nThe design method of the relational Butler matrix is characterized in that: the transmission matrix of the Butler matrix network in the step 2 is as follows:
i.e. Y ═ WNX; its transmission matrix WNElement w of (5)inThe parameters to be solved in the formula are the amplitude and the phase of the directional coupler, and the value of i in the formula is from 1 to N, and yiRepresenting the ith beam, N taking values from 1 to N, xnRepresenting the nth array element.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, having a value other than 2nThe design method of the relational Butler matrix is characterized in that: and 3, the target matrix of the Butler matrix is as follows:
i.e. Y ═ TNX, the elements in the object matrix of which are
Wherein
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, having a value other than 2nThe design method of the relational Butler matrix is characterized in that: and 4, solving an equation of the amplitude and phase relation of the directional coupler as follows: wN＝TN(ii) a The directional coupler adopts a directional coupler with any phase difference or a 0/90 degree directional coupler and a phase shifter or a 0/180 degree directional coupler and a phase shifter.
6. A Butler matrix designed by the method of claim 1, wherein the Butler matrix is a 6 x 6Butler matrix, has 6 input ports and 6 output ports, and has a single-layer structure, and comprises a first directional coupler (1), a second directional coupler (2), a third directional coupler (3), a tenth jumper (10), an eleventh jumper (11), a twelfth jumper (12), a first 3 x 3Butler matrix and a second 3 x 3Butler matrix;
the first 3 x 3Butler matrix comprises a fourth directional coupler (4), a fifth directional coupler (5), a sixth directional coupler (6) and a phasing line
The second 3 x 3Butler matrix comprises a seventh directional coupler (7), an eighth directional coupler (8), a ninth directional coupler (9) and a phasing line
The nine directional couplers are provided with two input ports and two output ports, and the three jumper connectors are provided with two input ports and two output ports;
six input ports of the 6 × 6Butler matrix are respectively first input ports (y)1) Second input port (y)2) Third input port (y)3) Fourth input port (y)4) Fifth input port (y)5) Sixth input port (y)6) Six output ports are respectively the first output port (x)1) Second output port (x)2) Third output port (x)3) Fourth output port (x)4) Fifth output port (x)5) Sixth output port (x)6)；
A first input port of the first directional coupler (1) serves as a first input port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix1) (ii) a The first input port of the second directional coupler (2) is used as the second input port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix2) (ii) a The first input port of the third directional coupler (3) is used as the third input port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix3) (ii) a The second input port of the first directional coupler (1) is used as the fourth input port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix4) (ii) a The second input port of the second directional coupler (2) is used as the fifth input port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix5) (ii) a The second input port of the third directional coupler (3) is used as the sixth input port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix6)；
A first output port of the fourth directional coupler (4) serves as a first output port (x) of the 6 × 6Butler matrix1) (ii) a A first output port of a seventh directional coupler (7) is used as a second output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix2) (ii) a A first output port of a sixth directional coupler (6) is used as a third output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix3) (ii) a A first output port of a ninth directional coupler (9) is used as a fourth output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix4) (ii) a A second output port of a sixth directional coupler (6) is used as a fifth output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix5) (ii) a A second output port of a ninth directional coupler (9) is used as a sixth output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix6)；
A first input port of the fourth directional coupler (4) is used as a first input port of the first 3 x 3Butler matrix, a first input port of the fifth directional coupler (5) is used as a second input port of the first 3 x 3Butler matrix, a second input port of the fifth directional coupler (5) is used as a third input port of the first 3 x 3Butler matrix, a first output port of the fifth directional coupler (5) is connected with a second input port of the fourth directional coupler (4), a second output port of the fifth directional coupler (5) is connected with a second input port of the sixth directional coupler (6), and a second output port of the fourth directional coupler (4) is connected with a first input port of the sixth directional coupler (6);
a first input port of the seventh directional coupler (7) is used as a first input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix, a first input port of the eighth directional coupler (8) is used as a second input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix, a second input port of the eighth directional coupler (8) is used as a third input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix, a first output port of the eighth directional coupler (8) is connected with a second input port of the seventh directional coupler (7), a second output port of the eighth directional coupler (8) is connected with a second input port of the ninth directional coupler (9), and a second output port of the seventh directional coupler (7) is connected with a first input port of the ninth directional coupler (9);
a second output port of the first directional coupler (1) and a first output port of the second directional coupler (2) are respectively connected with a first input port and a second input port of the tenth jumper (10); a second output port of the second directional coupler (2) and a first output port of the third directional coupler (3) are respectively connected with a first input port and a second input port of the eleventh jumper (11); a second output port of the tenth jumper (10) and a first output port of the eleventh jumper (11) are connected with a first input port and a second input port of the twelfth jumper (12), respectively;
a first output port of the first directional coupler (1) is connected with a first input port of the first 3 multiplied by 3Butler matrix; a first output port of the tenth jumper (10) is connected with a second input port of the first 3 x 3Butler matrix, and a first output port of the twelfth jumper (12) is connected with a third input port of the first 3 x 3Butler matrix; a second output port of the twelfth jumper (12) is connected to a first input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix; a second output port of the eleventh jumper (11) is connected to a second input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix, and a second output port of the third directional coupler (3) is connected to a third input port of the second 3 x 3Butler matrix.
7. Butler matrix according to claim 6, in which the fourth directional coupler (4) is an unequal power splitting directional coupler, the split power at its two outputs being 1/3 and 2/3 of the input signal power;
the seventh directional coupler (7) is an unequal power distribution directional coupler, and the distributed power of two output ends of the unequal power distribution directional coupler is 1/3 and 2/3 of the power of the input signal respectively;
the first directional coupler (1), the second directional coupler (2), the third directional coupler (3), the fifth directional coupler (5), the sixth directional coupler (6), the eighth directional coupler (8) and the ninth directional coupler (9) are equal-power distribution directional couplers, and the distribution power of two output ends of the equal-power distribution directional couplers is 1/2 of the input signal power.
8. The Butler matrix of claim 6, wherein the directional coupler is an arbitrary phase difference directional coupler or an 0/90 degree directional coupler or a 0/180 degree directional coupler;
the first input ports and the first output ports of all the couplers and the jumper are distributed on the same side, and the second input ports and the second output ports are distributed on the same side.
9. Butler matrix according to claim 6, characterized in that the first (1) to ninth (9), tenth (10), eleventh (11), twelfth (12) transconnectors are microstrip or stripline or SIW structures;
all the devices are connected by a microstrip line or a strip line with phase shift characteristic or an SIW structure;
the coupler is a branch line directional coupler or a coupled line coupler.
10. Butler matrix according to claim 6, characterized in that the first input port of the first directional coupler (1) is circumscribed by a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift properties as the first input port of a 6 x 6Butler matrix (y)1) (ii) a The first input port of the second directional coupler (2) is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the 6 x 6ButlSecond output port (y) of er matrix2) (ii) a The first input port of the third directional coupler (3) is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the third output port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix3) (ii) a The second input port of the first directional coupler (1) is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the fourth output port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix4) (ii) a The second input port of the second directional coupler (2) is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the fifth output port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix5) (ii) a The second input port of the third directional coupler (3) is externally connected with a microstrip line or a strip line or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the sixth output port (y) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix6)；
The first output port of the fourth directional coupler (4) is externally connected with a microstrip line or a stripline or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the first output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix1) (ii) a The first output port of the seventh directional coupler (7) is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the second output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix2) (ii) a The first output port of the sixth directional coupler (6) is externally connected with a microstrip line or a stripline or a SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the third output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix3) (ii) a The first output port of the ninth directional coupler (9) is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the fourth output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix4) (ii) a The second output port of the sixth directional coupler (6) is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the fifth output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix5) (ii) a The second output port of the ninth directional coupler (9) is externally connected with a microstrip line or stripline or SIW structure with phase shift characteristics as the sixth output port (x) of the 6 x 6Butler matrix6)。
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| US20090160576A1 (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2009-06-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Passive Fourier Transform Circuits and Butler Matrices |
| CN106602265A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-04-26 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Wave beam forming network, input structure thereof, input/output method of wave beam forming network, and three-beam antenna |
| CN111613895A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-01 | 南京理工大学 | Conformal OAM antenna combined with Butler matrix feed network |
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| US7508343B1 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2009-03-24 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Switched beam forming network for an amplitude monopulse directional and omnidirectional antenna |
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| CN106602265A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-04-26 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Wave beam forming network, input structure thereof, input/output method of wave beam forming network, and three-beam antenna |
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