CN112427055A - Paper-based micro-fluidic chip and application thereof - Google Patents
Paper-based micro-fluidic chip and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112427055A CN112427055A CN202011280945.5A CN202011280945A CN112427055A CN 112427055 A CN112427055 A CN 112427055A CN 202011280945 A CN202011280945 A CN 202011280945A CN 112427055 A CN112427055 A CN 112427055A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/301—Reference electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
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- G01N27/48—Systems using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/10—Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
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Abstract
The invention discloses a paper-based microfluidic chip which comprises filter paper (1), wherein a microfluidic graph is printed on the filter paper (1), the microfluidic graph comprises a circular sample adding area (2) and a detection area (3), the sample adding area (2) and the detection area (3) are connected through a connecting channel (4), and an ammonium sulfate solution is dripped into the sample adding area (2). The invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the paper-based micro-fluidic chip. The paper-based micro-fluidic chip can be used for online pretreatment of urine samples and electrochemical detection of heavy metals in the urine samples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical analysis, in particular to a paper-based micro-fluidic chip for online pretreatment of urine samples and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The electrochemical analysis method is a portable, rapid, low-cost and high-sensitivity analysis method, and has wide application prospect in the field of on-site instant detection. However, for biological sample detection, electrochemical sensors are susceptible to contamination of the substrate, affecting the sensitivity of the method. Therefore, complex sample pretreatment procedures are required, and the detection can be completed only by depending on professional pretreatment equipment. This greatly limits the use of electrochemical methods in non-laboratory conditions. The paper-based micro-fluidic chip is a novel miniaturized analysis system and has the characteristics of low cost, easy miniaturization and integration. The sample can be transported in the paper-based channel through capillary action without external driving force, and the characteristics provide convenience for the application of the pretreatment step on the paper-based platform. The paper-based micro-fluidic device with the sample processing function is combined with the electrochemical sensor, so that the limitation of the electrochemical method can be broken through, and the application range of the paper-based micro-fluidic device is greatly expanded.
The urine not only contains rich biochemical information, but also is an ideal sample for non-invasive detection, and is a research hotspot in the field of home health monitoring. However, the electrochemical method for detecting the electrochemical active substances in the urine, such as heavy metals, also has the problem that the surface of an electrode is easily polluted by protein, so that the detection sensitivity is influenced. The traditional solution is digestion or ultrafiltration, and these pretreatment methods all require specialized laboratory equipment. Recent research mainly focuses on anti-pollution modification of the electrode surface, but the electrode manufacturing process is complex and cannot be produced in batch, so that the practical application of the electrode is limited. Therefore, the development of the paper-based micro-fluidic chip which is simple and convenient to manufacture, low in cost and capable of carrying out online pretreatment on the urine sample has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a paper-based microfluidic chip and a manufacturing method thereof, and the chip can be used for online pretreatment of urine samples and electrochemical detection of heavy metals in the urine samples.
The paper-based micro-fluidic chip comprises filter paper, wherein a micro-fluidic graph is printed on the filter paper, the micro-fluidic graph comprises a circular sample adding area and a detection area, the sample adding area and the detection area are connected through a connecting channel, and an ammonium sulfate solution is dripped into the sample adding area.
The paper-based microfluidic chip provided by the invention is characterized in that the sample application area and the detection area are circles with the diameter of 10mm, the length of the connection conduction is 12mm, and the width is 6 mm.
The preparation method of the paper-based microfluidic chip comprises the following steps:
(1) printing the drawn microfluidic graph on filter paper by using a laser printer;
(2) putting the printed filter paper into an oven, and performing thermosetting treatment;
(3) and (4) dropwise adding an ammonium sulfate solution into the sample adding area, and naturally drying at room temperature.
The preparation method of the paper-based microfluidic chip comprises the following steps of heating for 3 hours at the heat curing temperature of 170 ℃; the ammonium sulfate solution is 5 mu L, and the concentration is 0.7 g/mL.
The paper-based micro-fluidic chip disclosed by the invention is applied to separating protein in a sample.
The paper-based microfluidic chip is applied to detection of heavy metals in urine samples.
The method for directly detecting the lead ions in the urine sample by adopting the paper-based micro-fluidic chip comprises the following steps:
(A) and manufacturing a gold film electrode: placing the PET film in a high vacuum ion sputtering instrument, sputtering a layer of nano-scale gold film on the PET film, taking out the sputtered PET film, cutting, sticking a layer of insulating adhesive tape with through holes on the surface of the cut working electrode, wherein the through holes are reaction areas, the insulating adhesive tape is an insulating area, and the other areas of the PET film are conduction areas;
(B) and sample pretreatment: filtering the urine sample with a filter membrane, and adding hydrochloric acid until the final concentration is 50 mM;
(C) and an integrated three-electrode analysis system: covering a detection area of the microfluidic device on a reaction area of a gold membrane electrode, placing the microfluidic device on a detachable three-electrode electrochemical device, contacting a counter electrode and a reference electrode with the detection area of the microfluidic chip, and contacting a working electrode connector with a conduction area of the gold membrane electrode to form a three-electrode system;
(D) electrochemical detection and linear curve: and (3) dripping 50 mu L of sample in a sample adding area of the microfluidic chip, and carrying out square wave stripping voltammetry test after the solution wets the detection area.
The direct detection method of lead ions in the urine sample, provided by the invention, is characterized in that the sputtering time of the gold film is 100s, and the sputtering current is 17 mA; the length of the cut PET film is 20mm, the width of the cut PET film is 10mm, and the diameter of the through hole is 8 mm.
The invention relates to a method for directly detecting lead ions in a urine sample, wherein the parameters of the square wave stripping voltammetry test are as follows: the enrichment potential is-0.6V, the enrichment time is 300s, the scanning range is-0.5-0.1V, the frequency is 15Hz, the potential step is 4mV, and the amplitude is 25 mV.
The paper-based micro-fluidic chip and the application thereof of the invention are different from the prior art in that:
1. the microfluidic device utilizes an office laser printer to print a pattern on the filter paper, and forms a microfluidic channel through heat curing treatment. The preparation method is simple, the cost is low, and the method can be used for batch production.
2. The paper-based microfluidic device is chemically modified by ammonium sulfate, and protein in a sample can be precipitated and separated out by utilizing the salting-out reaction principle and is retained in a paper-based channel to play a role in separation and purification, so that the electrochemical sensor can be prevented from being polluted by the protein and the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor is prevented from being reduced.
3. The microfluidic device can be suitable for different types of electrochemical sensors to directly detect heavy metal ions in urine samples. The method does not need additional pretreatment instruments and reagents, greatly simplifies the pretreatment steps of the sample, shortens the pretreatment time, and is suitable for clinical instant detection.
The paper-based microfluidic chip and the application thereof are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a paper-based microfluidic chip according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the separation process of protein in a sample by the paper-based microfluidic chip of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the present invention using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled human serum albumin to study the pretreatment capability of the paper-based microfluidic chip for protein; wherein, (A) fluorescence images of human serum albumin with different concentrations on a paper-based microfluidic chip (a-f: 0,100,200,300,400,500mg/L human serum albumin); (B) influence of human serum albumin with different concentrations on the electrochemical signal of lead ions of 50 mug/L;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a gold film electrode according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows different concentrations of lead ions (a-j: 0,10,30,50,70,100,200,300,400, 500. mu. g L in the present invention-1) The voltammogram of (1) (the base solution is artificial urine containing 100mg/L human serum albumin);
FIG. 6 is a standard curve of lead ions in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of voltammetry curves for lead ions without microfluidics (a) and with microfluidics (b) in the present invention (the base solution is artificial urine containing 100mg/L human serum albumin).
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a paper-based microfluidic chip comprises a filter paper 1, a microfluidic pattern is printed on the filter paper, the microfluidic pattern comprises a round sample adding region 2 and a round detection region 3, the two are connected through a connecting channel 4, an ammonium sulfate solution is dripped in the sample adding region 2, wherein the sample adding region 2 and the detection region 3 are circles with the diameter of 10mm, the length of a connecting conduction 4 is 12mm, and the width is 6 mm.
The invention utilizes a laser printer to print a microfluidic pattern on filter paper 1, forms a microfluidic channel through thermosetting treatment, and then carries out chemical modification on a sample adding area 2 of the microfluidic device. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) printing the drawn microfluidic graph on the filter paper 1 by using a laser printer;
(2) putting the printed filter paper 1 into an oven, and performing thermosetting treatment; heating at 170 deg.C for 3 hr;
(3) 5 mu.L of ammonium sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.7g/mL is dripped into the sample adding area 2, and the mixture is naturally dried at room temperature.
The paper-based micro-fluidic chip disclosed by the invention is applied to separating protein in a sample.
The paper-based micro-fluidic chip is applied to detecting heavy metals in urine samples.
Separation mechanism and separation performance:
the separation process of the paper-based microfluidic chip on the protein in the sample is shown in fig. 2. Will contain the sample of protein and heavy metal simultaneously, the dropwise add in the application of sample district 2 that is decorated with ammonium sulfate, the protein in the sample takes place the salting-out reaction under the effect of ammonium sulfate, and the reunion generates the deposit, is held back in the passageway by filter paper, and only micromolecule's heavy metal ion can follow solution and flow to detection zone 3 through capillary action.
The pretreatment capability of the paper-based microfluidic chip on protein was studied by using human serum albumin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, as shown in fig. 3A. When the protein concentration is lower than 300mg/L, the protein can be completely trapped in the channel and cannot reach the detection area. When the concentration is more than 300mg/L, part of protein can reach the detection area, so that the working electrode is polluted, and the detection sensitivity is reduced. The results can be verified by electrochemical measurements. FIG. 3B shows the effect of different concentrations of human serum albumin on the electrochemical signal of 50. mu.g/L lead ion. It can be seen that when the concentration of human serum albumin is lower than 300mg/L, the electrochemical response value of lead ions is not affected, and when the concentration is higher than 300mg/L, the electrochemical signal of lead ions is obviously reduced. Therefore, the maximum protein processing capacity of the paper-based micro-fluidic chip provided by the invention is 300 mg/L.
And (3) determination of urinary lead:
the method for directly detecting the lead ions in the urine sample by adopting the paper-based micro-fluidic chip comprises the following steps:
(A) and manufacturing a gold film electrode: placing the PET film in a high vacuum ion sputtering instrument (come EM SCD500), sputtering a layer of gold film with a nanometer scale on the PET film, wherein the sputtering time of the gold film is 100s, and the sputtering current is 17 mA; the cut PET film has a length of 20mm and a width of 10mm, and the diameter of the through hole is 8 mm. Taking out the sputtered PET film, cutting the PET film by using a paper cutter, and pasting a layer of insulating adhesive tape with through holes on the surface of the cut working electrode, wherein the through holes are a reaction region 5, the insulating adhesive tape is an insulating region 6, and the other regions of the PET film are conduction regions 7 as shown in figure 4;
(B) and sample pretreatment: filtering the urine sample with a filter membrane, and adding hydrochloric acid until the final concentration is 50 mM;
(C) and an integrated three-electrode analysis system: covering a detection area 3 of the microfluidic device on a reaction area 5 of a gold membrane electrode, placing the microfluidic device on a detachable three-electrode electrochemical device, contacting a counter electrode and a reference electrode with the detection area 3 of the microfluidic chip, and contacting a working electrode connector with a conduction area 7 of the gold membrane electrode to form a three-electrode system;
(D) electrochemical detection and linear curve: and (3) dripping 50 mu L of sample in a sample adding area of the microfluidic chip, and carrying out square wave stripping voltammetry test after the solution wets the detection area 3. The enrichment potential is-0.6V, the enrichment time is 300s, the scanning range is-0.5-0.1V, the frequency is 15Hz, the potential step is 4mV, and the amplitude is 25 mV. The voltammogram shown in fig. 5 was obtained, the peak current of which is linearly related to the lead ion concentration, and the standard curve is shown in fig. 6. The linear range of lead ions is 10-500 mug/L, the linear equation is I (mug) 0.02564C (mug/L) -0.04288, and the correlation coefficient is 0.998.
Comparing detection results of the micro-fluidic chip:
the paper-based microfluidic device is replaced by circular filter paper with the diameter of 10mm, and the influence of the presence or absence of the microfluidic device on the detection result of 50 mu g/L lead ions is compared. As shown in fig. 7, the electrochemical signal of lead ions was significantly reduced by the influence of proteins when the microfluidic device was not present. When the micro-fluidic device is added on the sensor, the response value of the lead ions is obviously increased.
The detachable three-electrode electrochemical device used in the present invention is any instrument that can achieve the object of the present invention in the prior art, and for example, can be a miniature detachable three-electrode electrochemical device with a vibration function in the invention patent with application number CN 201910454758.5.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A paper-based microfluidic chip is characterized in that: including filter paper (1) it has the micro-fluidic figure to print on filter paper (1), the micro-fluidic figure includes circular shape application of sample district (2) and detection zone (3), links to each other through connecting channel (4) between the two application of sample district (2) dropwise add there is ammonium sulfate solution.
2. The paper-based microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein: the sample adding area (2) and the detection area (3) are circles with the diameter of 10mm, the length of the connection conduction area (4) is 12mm, and the width of the connection conduction area is 6 mm.
3. The method for preparing the paper-based microfluidic chip according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(I) printing the drawn microfluidic graph on the filter paper (1) by using a laser printer;
(II) putting the printed filter paper (1) into an oven, and performing thermocuring treatment;
(III) dropping an ammonium sulfate solution in the sample adding area (2), and naturally drying at room temperature.
4. The method for preparing the paper-based microfluidic chip according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heat curing treatment temperature is 170 ℃, and the heating is carried out for 3 hours; the ammonium sulfate solution is 5 mu L, and the concentration is 0.7 g/mL.
5. Use of the paper-based microfluidic chip according to claim 1 for separating proteins in a sample.
6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that: the paper-based micro-fluidic chip is applied to detection of heavy metals in urine samples.
7. The method for directly detecting lead ions in urine samples by adopting the paper-based micro-fluidic chip in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(A) and manufacturing a gold film electrode: placing the PET film in a high vacuum ion sputtering instrument, sputtering a layer of nano-scale gold film on the PET film, taking out the sputtered PET film, cutting, sticking a layer of insulating adhesive tape with through holes on the surface of the cut working electrode, wherein the through holes are a reaction area (5), the insulating adhesive tape is an insulating area (6), and the other areas of the PET film are conduction areas (7);
(B) and sample pretreatment: filtering the urine sample with a filter membrane, and adding hydrochloric acid until the final concentration is 50 mM;
(C) and an integrated three-electrode analysis system: covering a detection area (3) of the microfluidic device on a reaction area (5) of a gold membrane electrode, placing the microfluidic device on a detachable three-electrode electrochemical device, contacting a counter electrode and a reference electrode with the detection area (3) of the microfluidic chip, and contacting a working electrode connector with a conduction area (7) of the gold membrane electrode to form a three-electrode system;
(D) electrochemical detection and linear curve: and (3) dropwise adding 50 mu L of sample into a sample adding area (2) of the microfluidic chip, and carrying out square wave stripping voltammetry test after the solution wets the detection area (3).
8. The method of claim 7 for the direct detection of lead ions in a urine sample, wherein: the sputtering time of the gold film is 100s, and the sputtering current is 17 mA; the length of the cut PET film is 20mm, the width of the cut PET film is 10mm, and the diameter of the through hole is 8 mm.
9. The method of claim 8 for the direct detection of lead ions in a urine sample, wherein: the parameters of the square wave stripping voltammetry test are set as follows: the enrichment potential is-0.6V, the enrichment time is 300s, the scanning range is-0.5-0.1V, the frequency is 15Hz, the potential step is 4mV, and the amplitude is 25 mV.
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Cited By (2)
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CN113624752A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-09 | 江苏大学 | Aptamer-based colorimetric sensor for enhancing activity of MOFs enzymes and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114055772A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-18 | 福建医科大学 | Manufacturing method of 3D printing assembling paper-based micro-fluidic chip |
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CN114055772B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-10-20 | 福建医科大学 | Manufacturing method of 3D printing assembled paper-based microfluidic chip |
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