CN112072293A

CN112072293A - Antenna structure, antenna glass assembly and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN112072293A
Application number: CN202010853536.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵维兵; 彭颖昊; 陈家大; 林勇; 陈怀东
Original assignee: Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-21
Filing date: 2020-08-21
Publication date: 2020-12-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-21
Also published as: CN112072293B

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna structure, glass antenna module and vehicle, antenna structure includes: the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are arranged oppositely; a reference formation disposed at the second face; and the plurality of radiation units are arranged to form a first radiation unit row and a second radiation unit row which are in mirror symmetry, each radiation unit comprises a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm, the first radiation arm is arranged on the first surface, the second radiation arm is arranged on the second surface and connected with the reference stratum, and the orthographic projection of the second radiation arm on the first surface is in mirror symmetry with the first radiation arm. The application provides the original structure that can improve the vehicle and the integrated level of antenna and realize better communication performance.

Description

Antenna structure, antenna glass assembly and vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of glass and antennas, in particular to an antenna structure, an antenna glass assembly and a vehicle.

Background

With the development of communication network technology, communication services between vehicles and other communication devices such as base stations are also more and more extensive, how to reasonably set up antenna structures on the vehicles to be integrated with the vehicles, the structure of the original vehicles cannot be affected, better communication performance of the antenna structures can be realized, and the technical problem to be solved is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an antenna structure, a glass antenna assembly and a vehicle, which improve the integration level of the original structure and an antenna of the vehicle and realize better communication performance.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure, including:

the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are arranged oppositely;

a reference formation disposed at the second face; and

the radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation units, the radiation units are arranged to form a first radiation unit row and a second radiation unit row which are in mirror symmetry, each radiation unit comprises a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm, the first radiation arm is arranged on the first surface, the second radiation arm is arranged on the second surface and connected with the reference stratum, and the orthographic projection of the second radiation arm on the first surface is in mirror symmetry with the first radiation arm.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna glass assembly, which includes a glass member and the antenna structure, where the antenna structure is disposed on the glass member or at least partially embedded in the glass member.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a vehicle including the antenna glass assembly.

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna structure, wherein a first radiation element row and a second radiation element row which are in mirror symmetry are arranged to form a symmetrical radiation element array, so that a dual-polarized radiation element can be formed subsequently; meanwhile, the second radiation arm of the radiation unit and the reference stratum are integrally formed, the integration level of the radiation unit and the reference stratum can be improved, compared with the mode that the second radiation arm is arranged on the first surface and then connected with the reference stratum through the conductive through hole, the conductive through hole is not needed, the manufacturing process can be reduced, the second radiation arm is stably grounded, and the performance stability of the radiation unit is improved.

The antenna glass subassembly and vehicle that this application embodiment provided through locating antenna structure clamp in the glass spare of vehicle in order to form antenna glass subassembly, can be in the same place antenna structure and glass spare are integrated, and reduce the structural change to glass spare originally for integrated level between antenna structure and the glass spare is high, and has guaranteed the self reliability of glass spare.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a top view of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit according to a first embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a second antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 7 is a third schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a schematic partial structure diagram of an antenna structure according to a second embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 9 is a schematic partial structure diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a reference stratum according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna glass assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 12.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. The embodiments listed in the present application may be appropriately combined with each other.

Referring to fig. 1, an antenna structure 40 is provided in the present embodiment. The antenna structure 40 includes a dielectric substrate 41, a reference ground layer 43, and a plurality of radiating elements 44.

Alternatively, the dielectric substrate 41 is in the form of a sheet. The dielectric substrate 41 is a carrier substrate for the radiation unit 44 and the reference ground layer 43.

Optionally, the dielectric substrate 41 is a flexible substrate, and the dielectric substrate 41 has good flexibility so as to be conveniently mounted on a curved surface, and applied to a scene needing to be folded and mounted or a special-shaped space needing to be mounted.

Optionally, the dielectric substrate 41 is an insulating substrate. The material of the dielectric substrate 41 includes, but is not limited to, Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), Polyimide Film (PI), Modified Polyimide Film (MPI), and the like. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 41 is made of Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), so that the dielectric substrate 41 can be used in a microwave frequency band, the operating frequency of the dielectric substrate 41 can reach hundreds of GHz, the dielectric substrate 41 has good temperature stability and frequency stability, and a loss tangent angle of the dielectric substrate 41 at 10GHz can reach 0.0015, thereby greatly reducing the line loss of the antenna structure 40, and making the water absorption ratio of the dielectric substrate 41 lower, thereby avoiding signal loss caused by a humid environment.

Optionally, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 41 is less than or equal to 200 microns, for example, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 41 includes, but is not limited to 170 microns, 150 microns, 125 microns, 100 microns, 75 microns, 50 microns, and the like. This is done so that the overall thickness of the antenna structure 40 is small. The antenna structure 40 may be mounted to a window pane, and the thinner antenna structure 40 may be disposed in an interlayer of the window pane with little effect on the original structure of the window pane, thereby forming an antenna glass assembly having an antenna transceiving function.

The radiation unit 44 is a transmission/reception port for electromagnetic wave signals (also referred to as antenna signals). In this embodiment, for convenience of description, the direction in which the length of the dielectric substrate 41 is located is defined as the Y-axis direction, and the width of the dielectric substrate 41 is defined as the X-axis direction. The thickness direction of the dielectric substrate 41 is the Z-axis direction. Wherein the direction pointed by the arrow is the forward direction.

Referring to fig. 2, the dielectric substrate 41 includes a first side 411 and a second side 412 that are opposite to each other. The present application is not limited to the specific surface of the dielectric substrate 41 on which the plurality of radiation units 44 are disposed.

Optionally, reference formation 43 is disposed at second face 412. The reference ground layer 43 is made of a conductive material, and the reference ground layer 43 is in a thin layer shape, such as a conductive metal layer, a conductive non-metal thin film layer, and the like. Specifically, the material of the radiation unit 44 includes, but is not limited to, graphene, graphite, carbon black, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, metal oxide, metal nanowire, metal nanoparticle, or metal oxide nanoparticle. The metal includes, but is not limited to, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, or the like. The metal oxide includes, but is not limited to, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), etc. In this embodiment, the reference ground layer 43 may be a copper clad layer.

Alternatively, the reference formation 43 may be formed on the dielectric substrate 41 by etching, laminating, dip coating, spin coating, spray coating, printing, atomic layer deposition, electrodeposition, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or the like. The thickness of the reference formation 43 may be on the order of nanometers, such that the overall thickness of the antenna structure 40 is small.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, for a single radiation unit 44, a part of the radiation unit 44 is disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 41, such as the first surface 411. Another portion of the radiating element 44 is disposed on another surface of the dielectric substrate 41, such as a second surface 412.

In other embodiments, all of the radiating elements 44 are disposed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 41. Among the plurality of radiation elements 44, a part of the radiation elements 44 is provided on one surface of the dielectric substrate 41, for example, the first radiation element 441 is located on the first surface 411; another part of the radiation units 44 is disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate 41, for example, the second radiation unit 442 is disposed on the second side 412.

In another embodiment, all of the radiation units 44 are disposed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 41, and all of the radiation units 44 are disposed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 41, for example, all of the radiation units are disposed on the first surface 411 or the second surface 412 of the dielectric substrate 41.

Optionally, the radiation unit 44 is made of a conductive material. The material of the radiation unit 44 is the same as that of the reference formation 43. The radiation element 44 may also be fabricated in the same way as the reference formation 43.

Referring to fig. 3, the plurality of radiation units 44 are arranged to form a first radiation unit row 401 and a second radiation unit row 402 which are mirror symmetric.

Referring to fig. 4, each radiation unit 44 includes a first radiation arm 51 and a second radiation arm 52. The first and second radiating

arms

51 and 52 are coupled to each other to form a pair of oppositely extending dipoles.

Referring to fig. 5, the first radiation arm 51 is disposed on the first surface 441. A second radiating arm 52 is disposed at the second face 442 and is connected to the reference formation 43. The second radiating arm 52 may be integrally formed with the reference formation 43. Specifically, the orthographic projection of the second radiation arm 52 on the first face 441 is arranged in mirror symmetry with the first radiation arm 52.

In the antenna structure 40 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first radiation element row 401 and the second radiation element row 402 which are mirror-symmetric are arranged to form a symmetric radiation element array, which facilitates the subsequent formation of dual-polarized radiation elements; meanwhile, the second radiation arm 52 of the radiation unit 44 and the reference ground layer 43 are integrally formed, so that the integration level of the radiation unit 44 and the reference ground layer 43 can be improved, and compared with the case that the second radiation arm 52 is arranged on the first surface 411 and then connected with the reference ground layer 43 through a conductive via hole, the arrangement of the conductive via hole is not needed, the manufacturing process can be reduced, the second radiation arm 52 is ensured to be stably grounded, and the performance stability of the radiation unit 44 is improved.

Referring to fig. 6, the dielectric substrate 41 includes a main body portion 413 and an extending portion 414 integrally connected in a Y-axis direction, and a width dimension of the main body portion 413 in the X-axis direction is smaller than a width dimension of the extending portion 414 in the X-axis direction. The extension 414 extends in the opposite direction of the Y-axis. The centerlines of the extending portions 414 of the main body 413 along the Y-axis direction may be collinear, and the centerline of the main body 413 along the Y-axis direction is denoted as L in this embodiment. The first and second

radiation element columns

401 and 402 may be symmetrically disposed with respect to L.

Referring to fig. 7, the antenna structure 40 further includes a feeding portion 45, a grounding portion 48, a first power dividing circuit 46, a first conductive strip 68, a second conductive strip 69, and a third conductive strip 42.

The first power dividing circuit 46, the power feeding portion 45, the grounding portion 48, the first conductive strip 42, the second conductive strip 68, and the third conductive strip 69 are all disposed on the first surface 411 of the dielectric substrate 41.

The feeding section 45 is an input port to which a radio frequency signal is input to the antenna structure 40. The material of the power feeding portion 45 is a conductive material, and in this embodiment, the power feeding portion 45 is a copper-clad region. The power feeding unit 45 is located at one end of the extending unit 414 away from the main body 413.

Referring to fig. 7, the grounding portion 48 is a ground electrode for inputting the rf signal to the input port of the antenna structure 40, which can effectively shield the interference of other signals to the rf signal transmitted by the feeding portion 45. The grounding portion 48 is made of a conductive material, and in this embodiment, the grounding portion 48 is a copper-clad portion. The ground portion 48 is connected to the reference ground layer 43 through a conductive via to ground the ground portion 48. The ground portion 48 has a hollowed-out area 481. The hollow 481 is a region of the first surface 411 of the dielectric substrate 41 that is not covered with copper. One ends of the power feeding portion 45 and the third conductive strip 42 are both provided in the hollowed-out region 481 and insulated from the ground portion 48.

One end of the first conductive strip 42 is connected to the power feeding portion 45, and the connection is a direct connection and can be electrically conducted. The other end of the first conductive strip 42 extends to the main body 413 in the positive Y-axis direction and is connected to the first power dividing circuit 46. The first conductive strip 42 may be located at a centerline (also line L) of the extension 414 in the Y-axis direction. The first conductive tape 42 is made of a conductive material, and in the embodiment, the power feeding portion 45 is a copper-clad tape. It is understood that the first conductive strip 42 is a microstrip line to transmit the rf signal of the feeding portion 45 to the first power dividing circuit 46.

The first power dividing circuit 46 is a power dividing circuit, and is used for transmitting signals (radio frequency signals) and distributing power of the plurality of radiation units 44.

Referring to fig. 8, the first conductive strip 42 includes at least one straight extending section 421 and at least one bending section 422 connected in series with the straight extending section 421. The straight extension 421 extends in the Y-axis direction (also along the L-line). The bending section 422 includes at least two third sections 4221 (first and second sections are described later) and at least one fourth section 4222. For example, there are two linear extensions 421, which are denoted as a first linear extension 4211 and a second linear extension 4212. The first linear extension 4211 and the second linear extension 4212 both extend along the Y-axis direction and are located on the same straight line (L-line), and the bending section 422 is connected between the first linear extension 4211 and the second linear extension 4212. In this embodiment, the bending portion 422 includes two third portions 4221 extending along the X-axis direction and four fourth portions 4222 extending along the Y-axis direction. The first linear extension 4211, one third segment 4221, the fourth segment 4222, the other third segment 4221 and the second linear extension 4212 are sequentially connected between the power supply unit 45 and the first power dividing circuit 46.

By providing the bent section 422 on the first conductive strip 42, the bent section 422 can adjust the impedance of the feeding portion 45, so that the impedance of the feeding portion 45 reaches a preset impedance (e.g. 50 ohms), thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the feeding portion 45 for the radio frequency signal and reducing the transmission loss.

In other embodiments, the first conductive strip 42 may further include a plurality of bent segments 422, and the plurality of bent segments 422 are sequentially connected in series with the plurality of straight extending segments 421.

In other embodiments, each bend segment 422 includes a plurality of third segments 4221 and a plurality of fourth segments 4222. The third segments 4221 are alternately connected with the fourth segments 4222 to form the bending segments 422 of the multi-bend line.

In other embodiments, the first conductive strip 42 may further include a microstrip branch, which may also adjust the impedance of the first conductive strip 42.

Referring to fig. 7, the first power dividing circuit 46 is located on the first surface 411 at a position corresponding to the main body portion 413. The end of the first power splitting circuit 46 remote from the first conductive strip 42 is provided with a first branch 461 and a second branch 462. The first branch 461 is directly or indirectly connected to the first radiation element column 401. The second branch 462 directly or indirectly connects the second column of radiating elements 402. The first branch 461 and the second branch 462 are respectively used for equally distributing the power transmitted by the first conductive strip 42 to the first radiating element column 401 and the second radiating element column 402, so that the first radiating element column 401 and the second radiating element column 402 radiate antenna signals with the same power.

The first radiating element column 401 and the second radiating element column 402 are symmetrical with respect to a straight line where the first conductive strip 42 is located.

Referring to fig. 7, the first radiation unit row 401 includes a first radiation unit 441, a second radiation unit 442, a third radiation unit 443, and a fourth radiation unit 444 sequentially arranged along a first direction. The polarization directions of the first radiation unit 441, the second radiation unit 442, the third radiation unit 443, and the fourth radiation unit 444 are the same, so that the first radiation unit row 401 forms an antenna array, thereby improving antenna gain and spatial coverage. The first direction is parallel to the direction of extension of the first conductive strip 42. The first direction is the Y-axis reversal.

Referring to fig. 7, the second radiation unit row 402 includes a fifth radiation unit 445, a sixth radiation unit 446, a seventh radiation unit 447, and an eighth radiation unit 448 sequentially arranged along the first direction. The polarization directions of the fifth radiation unit 445, the sixth radiation unit 446, the seventh radiation unit 447 and the eighth radiation unit 448 are the same, so that the first radiation unit row 402 forms an antenna array, thereby improving antenna gain, spatial coverage and the like.

Alternatively, the polarization direction of the first radiation element 441 may be the same as or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the fifth radiation element 445. In other words, the polarization direction of the first radiation element column 401 may be the same as or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second radiation element column 402. When the polarization direction of the first radiating element row 401 may be the same as the polarization direction of the second radiating element row 402, the first radiating element row 401 and the second radiating element row 402 form two rows of antenna arrays, which increases the number of radiating elements 44 in the antenna array, increases antenna gain and spatial coverage, and so on.

Alternatively, the polarization direction of the first radiation element 441 may be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the fifth radiation element 445. In other words, the polarization direction of the first radiation element row 401 may be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second radiation element row 402, and the first radiation element row 401 and the second radiation element row 402 form an antenna array with a perpendicular polarization direction, so as to form an antenna with dual polarization directions, which can receive antenna signals in more directions, and further improve the transceiving efficiency and spatial coverage of the antenna structure 40.

One end of the first leg 461 and one end of the second leg 462 are both connected to an end of the first conductive strip 42 remote from the feeding portion 45. The first and second branches 461, 462 are arranged in mirror symmetry. The first leg 461 extends in the positive X-axis direction.

Referring to FIG. 7, the other end of first leg 461 is connected to one end of second conductive strip 68. Second conductive strip 68 extends along the Y-axis direction, and an end of second conductive strip 68 away from first branch 461 is directly or indirectly connected to first radiating-element column 401.

Referring to FIG. 7, the second branch 462 extends along the opposite direction of the X-axis, and the other end of the second branch 462 is connected to one end of the third conductive strip 69. The third conductive strip 69 extends along the Y-axis, and an end of the third conductive strip 69 away from the second branch 462 is connected to the second radiating element 442.

Second conductive strip 68 is disposed symmetrically about line L with third conductive strip 69.

Referring to fig. 9, the antenna structure 40 further includes a second power dividing circuit 47. One end of the second power dividing circuit 47 is connected to one end of the second conductive strip 68 far away from the first branch 462, and the other end of the second power dividing circuit 47 is provided with a third branch 471 and a fourth branch 472 which are connected in parallel. The third and fourth branches 471 and 472 may extend in the reverse and forward directions of the first direction, respectively.

Referring to fig. 9, an end of the third branch 471 remote from the second conductive strip 68 includes a first sub-branch 4711 and a second sub-branch 4712 connected in parallel. The first and second subsidiary branches 4711 and 4712 may extend in the reverse and forward directions of the first direction, respectively. The first sub-branch 4711 and the second sub-branch 4712 may equally distribute the signal power transmitted by the third branch 471.

Referring to FIG. 9, the end of the fourth branch 472 distal the second conductive strip 68 includes a third subsidiary branch 4721 and a fourth subsidiary branch 4722 connected in parallel. The third and

fourth subsidiary branches

4721 and 4722 may extend in the reverse and forward directions of the first direction, respectively.

In other words, the third branch 471, the first sub-branch 4711 and the third sub-branch 4721 all extend in the direction opposite to the first direction. The fourth branch 472, the second subsidiary branch 4712 and the fourth subsidiary branch 4722 all extend in the first direction.

First sub-branch 4711, second sub-branch 4712, third sub-branch 4721 and fourth sub-branch 4722 are connected to first radiation element 441, second radiation element 442, third radiation element 443 and fourth radiation element 444, respectively, to equally distribute the power of first radiation element 441, second radiation element 442, third radiation element 443 and fourth radiation element 444.

Referring to fig. 9, the antenna structure 40 further includes a third power dividing circuit 49. The third power dividing circuit 49 has the same structure as the second power dividing circuit 47, and is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the L-line. Therefore, those skilled in the art can obtain the specific structure of the third power dividing circuit 49 according to the second power dividing circuit 47.

Referring to fig. 10, reference formation 43 includes a main reference formation 431 and an extension formation 432. An extension formation 432 covers the extension 414. The main reference ground layer 431 covers the first conductive strip 42, the first power dividing circuit 46, the second power dividing circuit 47 and the second conductive strip 68 on the main body part 413. The main reference formation 431 has a cutout 4311. The hollow portion 4311 corresponds to a gap between the first radiation element row 401 and the second radiation element row 402. The second radiating arm 52 of the first radiating element row 401 and the second radiating arm 52 of the second radiating element row 402 are both connected to the main reference ground layer 431 and are respectively located on the two opposite sides of the hollow portion 4311.

The reference ground layer 43 is used to prevent external signals from interfering with signals transmitted by the first power dividing line 46, the second conductive strip 68, the third conductive strip 69, the power feeding portion 45 and the first conductive strip 42.

The structure of the radiation unit 44 will be specifically exemplified below with reference to the drawings. Of course, the radiation unit 44 provided herein includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

The orthographic projection of the second radiating arm 52 on the first face 411 extends in a straight line in opposite direction to the first radiating arm 51 to form a first symmetric dipole extending in opposite direction. Optionally, the sum of the lengths of the first radiation arm 51 and the second radiation arm 52 is one half of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted and received by the radiation unit 44, so that the radiation unit 44 has high signal transmission and reception power.

The first radiation arm 51 may form an angle with the positive Y-axis direction of at least one of 0 ° ± 5 ° (i.e., positive Y-axis direction), 45 ° ± 5 ° (45 ° leftward deflection with respect to positive Y-axis direction), 90 ° ± 5 ° (90 ° leftward deflection with respect to positive Y-axis direction), 135 ° ± 5 ° (135 ° leftward deflection with respect to positive Y-axis direction), 180 ° ± 5 ° (i.e., negative Y-axis direction), -45 ° ± 5 ° (45 ° rightward deflection with respect to positive Y-axis direction), -90 ° ± 5 ° (90 ° rightward deflection with respect to positive Y-axis direction), or-135 ° ± 5 ° (135 ° rightward deflection with respect to positive Y-axis direction), etc. Of course, the number of the first radiation arms 51 may be one or more. When the first radiation arms 51 are plural, the plural first radiation arms 51 are disposed to intersect, and the plural first radiation arms 51 and the plural second radiation arms 52 form a cross dipole to increase a polarization direction.

Referring to fig. 9, the angle formed by the first radiation arm 51 and the positive Y-axis direction may be 0 ° ± 5 ° (i.e. along the positive Y-axis direction), and the angle formed by the second radiation arm 52 and the positive Y-axis direction may be 0 ° ± 5 ° (i.e. along the positive Y-axis direction), so as to form polarization along the positive Y-axis direction.

In other embodiments, the first radiating arm 51 may form an angle of 45 ° ± 5 ° (45 ° left deflection with respect to the positive Y-axis direction), and the second radiating arm 52 may form an angle of-45 ° ± 5 ° (45 ° right deflection with respect to the positive Y-axis direction) with respect to the positive Y-axis direction, so as to form polarization of ± 45 °, so as to receive signals in more directions, thereby improving the spatial coverage of the antenna structure 40.

In other embodiments, the first radiation arm 51 may form an angle of 90 ° ± 5 ° (90 ° left deflection with respect to the positive Y-axis direction) with the positive Y-axis direction, and the second radiation arm 52 may form an angle of-90 ° ± 5 ° (90 ° right deflection with respect to the positive Y-axis direction) with the positive Y-axis direction to form polarization in the X-axis direction.

In other embodiments, the first radiating arm 51 may form an angle of 135 ° ± 5 ° (135 ° left deflection with respect to the positive Y-axis direction), and the second radiating arm 52 may form an angle of-135 ° ± 5 ° (135 ° right deflection with respect to the positive Y-axis direction) with respect to the positive Y-axis direction, so as to form a polarization of ± 45 °, so as to receive signals in more directions, thereby improving the spatial coverage of the antenna structure 40.

In other embodiments, the first radiation arm 51 may form an angle of 180 ° ± 5 ° (i.e. in the Y-axis reverse direction) with the Y-axis forward direction, and the second radiation arm 52 may form an angle of 180 ° ± 5 ° (i.e. in the Y-axis reverse direction) with the Y-axis forward direction.

Further, the first radiation unit 44 may further include a first inclined arm (not shown) and a second inclined arm (not shown). The first oblique arm intersects the first radiating arm 51. Specifically, one end of the first oblique arm is connected to one end of the first radiating arm 51 close to the second radiating arm 52. The second angled arm intersects the second radiating arm 52. Specifically, one end of the second oblique arm is connected to one end of the second radiating arm 52 close to the first radiating arm 51. Of course, in other embodiments, the first inclined arm may be disposed at other positions of the first radiation arm 51, and the second inclined arm may be disposed at other positions of the second radiation arm 52. In other embodiments, the first and second arms may be hook-shaped, bent, and the like.

The first and second inclined arms cooperate to adjust the impedance of the first radiating element 44, so as to flexibly adjust the impedance of the first radiating element 44 to a suitable range.

The dimensions of the first and second arms are not particularly limited in this application.

It is understood that the second radiation unit 442 has the same structure as the first radiation unit 441.

In this embodiment, the radiating element 44, the second conductive strip 68, the third conductive strip 69, the first conductive strip 42 and the power dividing circuit 46 are all microstrip lines made of copper, and further, the grounding portion 48 and the power feeding portion 45 are made of copper, so that the radiating element 44, the second conductive strip 68, the third conductive strip 69, the first conductive strip 42 and the power dividing circuit 46 can be prepared by etching in the same manufacturing process, which not only saves the manufacturing time and reduces the manufacturing processes, but also ensures the connection reliability between the structures.

Referring to fig. 11, an antenna glass assembly 100 and a vehicle 200 are also provided in the embodiments of the present application. Vehicle 200 includes, but is not limited to, a variety of automobiles, passenger cars, trains, cable cars, racing cars, ambulances, fire trucks, boats, airplanes, etc. having antenna glass assembly 100. The present embodiment is exemplified by taking the vehicle 200 as an automobile.

Referring to fig. 11 and 12, an antenna glass assembly 100 according to an embodiment of the present application, the antenna glass assembly 100 can be used as a window of a vehicle 200. The present embodiment is exemplified by taking the antenna glass assembly 100 as a window of an automobile.

Referring to fig. 12, the antenna glass assembly 100 includes a glass piece 50 and an antenna structure 40.

Specifically, the glass piece 50 includes, but is not limited to, a single layer glass, a laminated glass, a composite glass, or the like. The laminated glass comprises at least two glass plates and an adhesive layer sandwiched between the two adjacent glass plates. The composite glass comprises at least one glass sheet and at least one transparent plastic sheet bonded in a laminated manner. In this embodiment, the glass material 50 is exemplified as a laminated glass.

Referring to FIG. 13, a glass piece 50 includes an outer glass sheet 10, an inner glass sheet 30, and an interlayer 20.

Referring to fig. 13, the outer glass plate 10 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12, and the inner glass plate 30 has a third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32. In the present embodiment, the antenna glass assembly 100 is applied to an automobile, and the first surface 11 of the outer glass plate 10 is disposed toward the outside of the automobile, and the fourth surface 32 is disposed toward the inside of the automobile. Wherein the fourth surface 32 is an inner glass surface of the glass piece 50. The first surface 11 is the outer glass face of the glass piece 50.

Specifically, the glass member 50 of the present application is a glass plate applied to a vehicle window, and the glass member 50 may be used as at least one of a front windshield, a sunroof, a side window, and a rear windshield. For the sake of convenience of description, the present application exemplifies the case where the glass member 50 is mounted on the front windshield. Further, the glass piece 50 may be a flat glass, a curved glass, or other shaped glass. In this embodiment, the glass member 50 is curved glass. Alternatively, the outer glass sheet 10 and the inner glass sheet 30 are curved glass sheets, i.e., the first surface 11, the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and the fourth surface 32 are all curved surfaces. Generally, the first surface 11, the second surface 12, the third surface 31 and the fourth surface 32 are parallel in sequence; for the purpose of head-up display (HUD function), the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 are wedge-shaped, i.e. the wedge-structured intermediate layer 20 is selected, or the third surface 31 and the fourth surface 32 are wedge-shaped, i.e. the wedge-structured inner glass plate 30 is selected. Of course, in other embodiments, the first surface 11, the second surface 12, the third surface 31 and the fourth surface 32 may be flat surfaces. The thickness of the outer glass pane 10 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the inner glass pane 30.

The interlayer 20 joins the second surface 12 of the outer glass sheet 10 to the third surface 31 of the inner glass sheet 30. The intermediate layer 20 may be an adhesive layer for firmly bonding the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 30. The intermediate layer 20 may be a multi-layer adhesive layer, such as a bi-layer, tri-layer, five-layer, etc., or may be a single layer adhesive layer. The interlayer 20 is formed between the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 30 through a pressing process, and the thickness of the inner glass plate 30 may be less than or equal to 1.6mm, even less than or equal to 1.0mm, and even less than or equal to 0.7mm, so that the antenna glass assembly 100 has a smaller thickness and achieves the purpose of light weight.

Optionally, the interlayer 20 is polyvinyl formal (PVB). Of course, the intermediate layer 20 may also be an Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), or an SGP ionic intermediate layer, or a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), or a Polyurethane (PU).

In particular, the antenna structure 40 is disposed on the glass piece 50 or at least partially embedded in the glass piece 50. In this embodiment, at least a portion of the antenna structure 40 is disposed between the outer glass pane 10 and the inner glass pane 30. Specifically, the antenna structure 40 is disposed on the surface of the middle layer 20 facing the outer glass plate 10, or the antenna structure 40 is disposed on the surface of the middle layer 20 facing the inner glass plate 30, or the antenna structure 40 is disposed on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 10, or the antenna structure 40 is disposed on the third surface 31 of the inner glass plate 30; alternatively, the antenna structure 40 may also be embedded in the intermediate layer 20, or the antenna structure 40 may also be embedded in the outer glass plate 10, or the antenna structure 40 may also be embedded in the inner glass plate 30. In the present embodiment, the antenna structure 40 is disposed between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 for example.

Optionally, the application types of the antenna structure 40 include, but are not limited to, a mobile communication antenna such as 5G, and a navigation antenna such as GPS. For example, applications of the antenna structure 40 include, but are not limited to, an Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) antenna, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) antenna, a Digital broadcast antenna, a Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation antenna, a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) antenna, a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T) antenna, a vehicle-mounted Digital Television antenna (DTV), a 5G millimeter wave antenna, a V2X (vehicle to X) wireless Communication technology, a BDS (Bei Dou Satellite Navigation System), and so on.

In the present embodiment, the antenna structure 40 is in the form of a sheet. The antenna structure 40 is thin to facilitate being sandwiched between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31.

When the antenna structure 40 is mounted in the glass piece 50, the first side 411 of the dielectric substrate 41 may face toward the outer glass plate to reduce the radiation loss of the antenna structure 40. The main body 413 and the partial extension 414 of the dielectric substrate 41 are disposed between the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 30. The power feed 45 may be disposed outside the glass piece 50 for connecting to a radio frequency signal source, which may be a radio frequency transceiver chip disposed in the window frame or at another location. Therefore, the inner glass plate 30 and the outer glass plate 10 are utilized to effectively protect the radiation unit 44, and the radiation unit 44 is convenient to radiate antenna signals to the outside, so that the functions of identity recognition, communication interaction, signal response and the like are realized.

Referring to fig. 13, for the antenna glass assembly 100, the antenna glass assembly 100 further includes a reflective layer 60. The reflective layer 60 is used to reflect electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the antenna structure 40. The reflective layer 60 is disposed on the inner glass face (i.e., the fourth surface 32). The reflective layer 60 covers at least part of the radiating elements 44 of the antenna structure 40. The reflective layer 60 may be located on a side of the dielectric substrate 41 facing away from the first surface 11. The reflective layer 60 is used for reflecting the electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the antenna structure 40, so that more signals in the electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the antenna structure 40 are emitted to the external space of the automobile, and the signal strength of the antenna of the automobile and the roadside ETC device is improved.

In this embodiment, the reflective layer 60 is disposed on the fourth surface 32, and the reflective layer 60 is formed on the fourth surface 32 by a printing process, so as to ensure structural stability of the reflective layer 60 and the inner glass plate 30, and to enable a certain distance to exist between the reflective layer 60 and the radiation unit 44, so as to control the intensity of the external radiation signal of the antenna structure 40. The reflective layer 60 is formed on the fourth surface 32, so that the reflective layer 60 is not easily damaged and the structural stability with the inner glass plate 30 is improved.

Alternatively, the reflective layer 60 has a rectangular sheet shape.

Optionally, the reflective layer 60 is a printed silver paste layer, or a silver plating layer, a copper plating layer, an aluminum plating layer, a silver-based nano film, or a TCO nano film. In the embodiment of the present application, the reflective layer 60 is an example of a printed silver paste layer, and the reflective layer 60 is formed on the fourth surface 32 through a printing process. The reflective layer 60 is curved with the fourth surface 32. Of course, in other embodiments, the reflective layer 60 may also be formed on the third surface 31 by printing.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present application, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the application, and it is intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the scope of the application.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, comprising:

a reference formation disposed at the second face; and

2. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate includes a main portion and an extension portion connected to each other, the antenna structure further includes a feeding portion, a first conductive strip, and a first power dividing circuit connected in sequence, the feeding portion is disposed on the first surface corresponding to the extension portion, the first power dividing circuit is disposed on the first surface corresponding to the main portion, an end of the first power dividing circuit away from the first conductive strip is provided with a first branch and a second branch, the first branch is connected to the first row of radiating elements, and the second branch is connected to the second row of radiating elements.

3. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein the first column of radiating elements and the second column of radiating elements are symmetric about a line on which the first conductive strip is located.

4. The antenna structure of claim 3, wherein the first radiating element column comprises a first radiating element, a second radiating element, a third radiating element and a fourth radiating element arranged in sequence along a first direction; the first radiating unit, the second radiating unit, the third radiating unit and the fourth radiating unit have the same polarization direction, the second radiating unit row comprises a fifth radiating unit, a sixth radiating unit, a seventh radiating unit and an eighth radiating unit which are sequentially arranged along the first direction, the polarization directions of the fifth radiating unit, the sixth radiating unit, the seventh radiating unit and the eighth radiating unit are the same, and the polarization direction of the first radiating unit is the same as or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the fifth radiating unit; the first direction is parallel to the extending direction of the first conductive strip.

5. The antenna structure of claim 4, further comprising a second conductive strip and a second power splitting circuit, the second conductive strip connecting an end of the first branch distal from the first conductive strip, the second conductive strip extending in the first direction;

one end of the second power dividing circuit is connected with one end of the second conductive strip far away from the first branch, the other end of the second power dividing circuit is provided with a third branch and a fourth branch which are connected in parallel, one end of the third branch far away from the second conductive strip comprises a first sub-branch and a second sub-branch which are connected in parallel, the end of the fourth branch remote from the second conductive strip comprises a third sub-branch and a fourth sub-branch connected in parallel, the first sub-branch, the second sub-branch, the third sub-branch and the fourth sub-branch are respectively connected with the first radiation unit, the second radiation unit, the third radiation unit and the fourth radiation unit, the third branch, the first sub-branch, the third sub-branch all extend in a direction opposite to the first direction, the fourth branch, the second sub-branch and the fourth sub-branch all extend along the first direction.

6. The antenna structure of claim 4, wherein an angle between the first radiating arm and the first direction comprises at least one of 0 ± 5 °, 45 ± 5 °, 90 ± 5 °, 135 ± 5 °, 180 ± 5 °, -45 ± 5 °, -90 ± 5 °, 135 ± 5 °.

7. The antenna structure of claim 5, wherein the reference ground layer includes a main reference ground layer and an extension ground layer, the extension ground layer covers the extension portion, the main reference ground layer covers the first conductive strip, the first power dividing circuit, the second power dividing circuit and the second conductive strip on the main body portion, the main reference ground layer has a hollow portion, the hollow portion corresponds to a gap between the first radiating element row and the second radiating element row, and the second radiating arms of the first radiating element row and the second radiating element row are both connected to the main reference ground layer and are respectively located on two opposite sides of the hollow portion.

8. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the antenna structure further comprises a ground portion disposed on the first surface, the ground portion is connected to the reference ground layer, the ground portion is disposed at an end of the extension portion away from the main body portion, the ground portion has a hollow portion, and the power feeding portion and an end of the first conductive strip are disposed in the hollow portion and insulated from the ground portion.

9. The antenna structure according to any of claims 2-7, characterized in that the operating band of the antenna structure is 5.8 ± 0.5 GHz.

10. An antenna glass assembly comprising a glass member and an antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antenna structure is disposed on or at least partially embedded in the glass member.

11. The antenna glass assembly of claim 10, wherein the glass piece comprises an inner glass sheet, an intermediate layer, and an outer glass sheet stacked in that order, the intermediate layer bonding the inner glass sheet and the outer glass sheet, the portion of the antenna structure having the radiating element disposed between the intermediate layer and the inner glass sheet; or the part of the antenna structure with the radiation unit is arranged between the middle layer and the outer glass plate; or the part of the antenna structure with the radiation unit is embedded in the middle layer.

12. The antenna glass assembly of claim 11, further comprising a reflective layer for reflecting electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the antenna structure, the reflective layer being disposed on a side of the antenna structure remote from the outer glass sheet, the reflective layer covering at least a portion of the radiating elements of the antenna structure.

13. A vehicle comprising an antenna glass assembly according to any one of claims 10 to 12.