CN111982777B - Measuring device and measuring method for permeability of porous electrode of flow battery - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method for permeability of porous electrode of flow battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111982777B CN111982777B CN202010830682.4A CN202010830682A CN111982777B CN 111982777 B CN111982777 B CN 111982777B CN 202010830682 A CN202010830682 A CN 202010830682A CN 111982777 B CN111982777 B CN 111982777B
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring permeability of a porous electrode of a flow battery, and relates to the field of flow batteries. The device comprises a bracket, a liquid storage tank, a liquid stopping clamp, a pipeline and a container. The method comprises the following steps: assembling the testing device, placing the liquid storage tank on a certain platform of the bracket, and injecting liquid; opening the liquid stopping clamp to enable liquid to flow into the container through the pipeline, and recording the volume of the liquid in the container after a certain time; calculating the friction coefficient of the pipeline according to the test data; connecting a flow battery provided with a porous electrode to be tested in series between a pipeline and a container, and repeating the operation; calculating the flow loss of the pipeline according to the friction coefficient and the test data; the flow loss of the tubing was subtracted and the permeability of the porous electrode was calculated. The porous electrode permeability is obtained by the measuring device and the measuring method, the numerical value is more real, the actual state of each porous electrode in the battery can be more accurately embodied, the data acquisition is simple, and complex equipment is not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flow batteries, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the permeability of a porous electrode of a flow battery.
Background
The flow battery has the characteristics of high capacity, wide application field (environment) and long cycle service life, and is a new energy product. Flow batteries are a secondary battery technology in which an active material is present in a liquid electrolyte. Electrolyte is placed in the accumulator tank, flows through the electric pile under the pushing of the circulating pump, and converts chemical energy and electric energy, so that the storage and release of the electric energy are realized.
In this process, the energy required for the pump to deliver and the gravitational force to overcome the electrolyte is related to the pressure loss as the electrolyte circulates. In general, the pressure loss associated with electrolyte movement in a flow battery system has a more pronounced impact on pumping energy than the work done against gravity when pumping the electrolyte. This loss generally consists of piping loss, flow frame loss, and porous electrode loss, the latter being dominant in total pressure loss, thereby affecting cell performance.
The flow resistance of the porous electrode can be measured by using a pressure gauge, but in a flow battery module in practical application, only one pressure gauge is usually arranged on each of the positive and negative main pipelines. And for each pile in the flow battery module and a plurality of porous electrodes in each pile, the respective flow resistance cannot be measured one by using a pressure gauge.
Therefore, the flow resistance of the porous electrode is generally obtained from calculation. For a porous electrode of a flow battery with given materials and geometric dimensions, the corresponding flow resistance at different flow rates can be calculated according to the formula deltap felt Calculation = (μ·l·q)/(κ· a). Wherein mu is the viscosity of the liquid, l is the length of the porous electrode, Q is the flow rate, kappa is the permeability, A is the transverse direction of the porous electrodeCross-sectional area, Δp felt Is the flow resistance. Thus, permeability is critical to calculating flow resistance.
In the conventional method, the porous electrode permeability is generally estimated according to the following empirical formula;
wherein d f The diameter of the porous electrode fiber is epsilon, the porosity of the porous electrode and K is constant 4.28. However, in practice, due to the influence of the assembly mode, environmental factors, fluid properties and the like, on one hand, the estimated value may deviate greatly from the actual value, and on the other hand, the estimated value assumes that the porous electrode is uniform, and the influence of uneven flow rate or flow resistance on the performance of the flow battery cannot be examined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring device and a measuring method for the permeability of a porous electrode of a flow battery, which can obtain more real permeability through actual measurement, avoid the problem of deviation generated by empirical formula estimation, and can be used for examining the influence of uneven flow or flow resistance on the performance of the flow battery.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a measuring device for the permeability of a porous electrode of a flow battery comprises a bracket, a liquid storage tank, a liquid stopping clamp, a pipeline and a container; the side surface of the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid outlet which is connected with one end of the pipeline, and the liquid stopping clamp is positioned at the liquid outlet; the container is positioned at the other end of the pipeline and is used for receiving the liquid flowing out through the pipeline; the support comprises a plurality of platforms with different heights, the platforms are used for adjusting the height of the liquid storage tank, and the number of the platforms is greater than or equal to 1; the liquid storage tank is arranged on any one of the platforms, and the length of the pipeline is equal to the height of the platform where the liquid storage tank is arranged.
Further, the reservoir should have a sufficiently large cross-sectional area to ensure that the level in the reservoir drops less than a% of the platform height after the liquid has flowed into the container through the tubing during testing. The liquid to be measured in the liquid storage tank is water or electrolyte of a battery applied to the porous electrode to be measured.
The invention also provides a measuring method of the porous electrode permeability of the flow battery based on the measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a testing device, namely placing a liquid storage tank on a platform of a bracket, wherein a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with a pipeline, and the length of the pipeline is the height of the platform;
step 2, closing the liquid stopping clamp, and injecting liquid to be detected into the liquid storage tank; emptying the container, opening the liquid stopping clamp, enabling liquid in the liquid storage tank to flow into the container through the pipeline, and recording the volume of the liquid in the container after a certain time;
step 3, calculating a friction coefficient of the pipeline according to the platform height, pipeline parameters, recorded time and the volume of liquid in the container; the pipeline parameters comprise pipeline length and pipeline diameter;
step 4, connecting the flow battery provided with the porous electrode to be tested in series between the pipeline and the container, and repeating the step 2; calculating the flow loss of the pipeline according to the friction coefficient obtained in the step 3; calculating the permeability of the porous electrode in combination with the flow loss;
and 5, placing the liquid storage tank on other platforms of the support, repeating the steps 1 to 4, and taking the average value of the calculated permeability as the final porous electrode permeability.
Further, the pressure is set to be zero in the test process when the liquid to be tested flows to the container, namely the integral pressure loss of the liquid to be tested in the process of flowing from the liquid storage tank to the container is the pressure difference caused by the height difference of the section, the specific value is ρgl, ρ is the liquid density, g is the gravity acceleration, and L is the height of the platform where the liquid storage tank is located.
Further, the coefficient of friction of the pipeline is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein f D Is a friction system of pipelineMu is the viscosity of the liquid, d is the diameter of the pipeline, t 1 For the time counting in step 2, ρ is the liquid density, V 1 The volume of liquid in the container at the end of the timing of step 2.
Further, the flow loss of the pipeline in the step 4 is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein P is pipe The flow loss of the pipeline is L is the height of a platform where the liquid storage tank is positioned, V 2 For the volume of liquid in the container at the end of the timing of step 4, t 2 Time is counted for step 4.
Further, the permeability is calculated as follows:
wherein kappa is the permeability of the porous material, l is the length of the porous electrode, and A is the cross-sectional area of the porous electrode.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the porous electrode permeability is obtained through an experimental method, the numerical value is more real, the actual state of each porous electrode in the battery can be measured more accurately, the data acquisition is simple, and complex equipment is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring device of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a bracket, 2, a liquid storage tank, 3 a liquid stopping clamp, 4, a pipeline and 5, a container.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a measuring device for the permeability of a porous electrode of a flow battery, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a bracket 1, a liquid storage tank 2, a liquid stopping clamp 3, a pipeline 4 and a container 5; a liquid outlet is formed in the side face of the liquid storage tank 2 and connected with one end of the pipeline 4, and the liquid stopping clamp 3 is positioned at the liquid outlet; the container 5 is positioned at the other end of the pipeline 4 and is used for receiving the liquid flowing out through the pipeline 4; the bracket 1 comprises a plurality of platforms with different heights, the platforms are used for adjusting the height of the liquid storage tank 2, and the number of the platforms is greater than or equal to 1; the liquid storage tank 2 is arranged on any platform, and the length of the pipeline 4 is equal to the height of the platform where the liquid storage tank 2 is arranged. The size of the cross section area of the liquid storage tank is enough that the liquid level in the liquid storage tank is reduced by less than 5% of the height of the platform after the liquid flows into the container through the pipeline in the testing process. The liquid to be measured in the liquid storage tank is water or electrolyte of a battery applied to the porous electrode to be measured.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the permeability of the porous material based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling the testing device shown in fig. 1, placing the liquid storage tank 2 on a platform of the bracket 1, wherein the platform height l=0.44 meter, a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 2 is connected with a pipeline 4, the length of the pipeline 4 is the platform height, and the diameter of the pipeline 4 is 0.01m.
Step 2, closing the liquid stopping clamp 3, and injecting liquid to be detected into the liquid storage tank 2; the container 5 was emptied, the stopper 3 was opened, and after the liquid in the reservoir 2 flowed into the container 5 through the line 4 for 20 seconds, the volume v1=251 ml of the liquid in the container 5 was recorded.
Step 3, calculating friction coefficient of the pipeline according to the platform height, the pipeline length, the pipeline diameter and the recorded time and volume; the formula is:
wherein f D Is the friction coefficient of the pipeline, mu is the viscosity of the liquid, d is the diameter of the pipeline, t 1 For timing time, ρ is the liquid density, V 1 For the volume of liquid in the container at the end of the timer.
In this embodiment, μ= 0.8937 ×10 -3 Pa·s、d＝0.01m、t 1 ＝20s、ρ＝1×10 3 g/L、V 1 ＝0.251L. The coefficient of friction calculation for line 4 was 3.58×10 -2 。
Step 4, connecting the flow battery provided with the porous electrode to be tested in series between the pipeline 4 and the container 5, and repeating the step 2; calculating the flow loss of the pipeline 4 according to the pipeline length, the pipeline diameter, the recorded time and volume and the friction coefficient obtained in the step 3; the formula is:
wherein P is pipe The flow loss of the pipeline is L is the height of a platform where the liquid storage tank is positioned, V 2 To time the volume of liquid in the container at the end of the time, t 2 To time the time.
In the present embodiment, f D ＝3.58×10 -2 、L＝0.44m、V 2 ＝0.055L、ρ＝1×10 3 g/L、d＝0.01m、t 2 =300 s. The flow loss calculation result of the line 4 was 3.37X10 -1 Pa。
Calculating the permeability of the porous electrode according to the height of the platform, the geometric dimension of the electrode, the record, the time and the volume; the formula is:
wherein kappa is the permeability of the porous material, l is the length of the porous electrode, and A is the cross-sectional area of the porous electrode.
In this embodiment, μ= 0.8937 ×10 -3 Pa·s、l＝0.07m、V 2 ＝0.055L、A＝1.4×10 -4 m 2 、t 2 ＝300s、ρ＝1×10 3 g/L、L＝0.44m、P pipe ＝3.37×10 -1 Pa. The result of the calculation of the permeability of the porous electrode was 1.90×10 -11 m 2 。
Step 5, placing the liquid storage tank 2 on other 4 platforms (the heights of the platforms are 0.86m, 1.06m, 1.30m and 1.50m respectively) of the bracket 1, and repeating the steps 1 to 4, wherein the measured permeability is 2.83 multiplied by 10 respectively -11 m 2 、2.95×10 -11 m 2 、3.22×10 -11 m 2 、3.55×10 -11 m 2 The average value was calculated to give the final porous electrode permeability as: 2.89×10 -11 m 2 。
Measurement calculation using the apparatus of this example gave a permeability k value of 2.89×10 -11 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculated using an empirical formula, the resulting permeability k value was 7.43X10 -10 . The pressure loss of the porous electrode was calculated by taking a flow rate of 2.4L/h as an example, the former being 1.03X10 4 Pa, the latter is 4.01X10 2 Pa. The pressure measured by the comparison pressure gauge is 8.67 multiplied by 10 3 Pa shows that the method and the device not only can measure the permeability of the porous electrode of the flow battery, but also can measure the result to be closer to a true value than the method of an empirical formula.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring permeability of a porous electrode of a flow battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the measuring device comprises a bracket, a liquid storage tank, a liquid stopping clamp, a pipeline and a container, wherein a liquid outlet is formed in the side face of the liquid storage tank and is connected with one end of the pipeline, the liquid stopping clamp is positioned at the liquid outlet, the container is positioned at the other end of the pipeline and is used for receiving liquid flowing out through the pipeline, the bracket comprises a plurality of platforms with different heights, the liquid storage tank is arranged on any one of the platforms, the length of the pipeline is equal to the height of the platform where the liquid storage tank is positioned, the size of the cross section area of the liquid storage tank meets the condition that in the testing process, and after the liquid flows into the container through the pipeline, the liquid level descending height in the liquid storage tank is smaller than the set ratio of the heights of the platforms; the method comprises the steps that in the testing process, the pressure intensity is set to be zero when liquid to be tested flows to a container, namely the integral pressure loss of the liquid to be tested in the process of flowing from a liquid storage tank to the container is the pressure difference caused by the height difference, the specific value is ρgl, ρ is the liquid density, g is the gravity acceleration, and L is the height of a platform where the liquid storage tank is located; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a measuring device, namely placing a liquid storage tank on a platform of a bracket, wherein a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with a pipeline, and the length of the pipeline is the height of the platform;
step 2, closing the liquid stopping clamp, and injecting liquid to be detected into the liquid storage tank; emptying the container, opening the liquid stopping clamp, enabling liquid in the liquid storage tank to flow into the container through the pipeline, and recording the volume of the liquid in the container after a certain time;
step 3, calculating a friction coefficient of the pipeline according to the platform height, pipeline parameters, recorded time and the volume of liquid in the container; the pipeline parameters comprise pipeline length and pipeline diameter;
the friction coefficient of the pipeline is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein f D Is the friction coefficient of the pipeline, mu is the viscosity of the liquid, d is the diameter of the pipeline, t 1 For the time counting in step 2, ρ is the liquid density, V 1 The liquid volume in the container is counted up in the step 2;
step 4, connecting the flow battery provided with the porous electrode to be tested in series between the pipeline and the container, and repeating the step 2; calculating the flow loss of the pipeline according to the friction coefficient obtained in the step 3; calculating the permeability of the porous electrode in combination with the flow loss;
the flow loss of the pipeline is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein P is pipe The flow loss of the pipeline is L is the height of a platform where the liquid storage tank is positioned, V 2 For the volume of liquid in the container at the end of the timing of step 4, t 2 Timing time for the step 4;
the permeability is calculated as follows:
wherein kappa is the permeability of the porous material, l is the length of the porous electrode, A is the cross-sectional area of the porous electrode;
and 5, placing the liquid storage tank on other platforms of the support, repeating the steps 1 to 4, and taking the average value of the calculated permeability as the final porous electrode permeability.
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