CN111917512A - High-efficiency coding design method based on BATS code in multi-hop transmission system - Google Patents
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- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
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- H04L1/0047—Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0057—Block codes
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency coding design method based on BATS codes in a multi-hop transmission system, which comprises the following steps: 1) dividing an original file into K original data packets with equal length; 2) at a transmitter end, performing outer code coding on the BATS code by using a high-efficiency coding design scheme of the BATS code on k original data packets with equal length to obtain a coded packet; 3) sending the coding packet obtained in the step 2) to a relay node through a wireless channel; 4) the relay node receives the coded packet, and uses the BATS code inner code to code the coded packets belonging to the same batch to obtain a recoded coded packet; 5) the relay node sends the recoded coding packet to the next relay node; 6) the receiver searches for the coded packets belonging to the same batch, performs iterative decoding on the coded packets of the same batch, and performs Gaussian elimination decoding on the coded packets of the same batch to obtain the original data packet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to a high-efficiency coding design method based on BATS codes in a multi-hop transmission system.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of wireless network communication technology, wireless networks are widely applied, and by taking mobile internet as an example, the scale of mobile phone netizens in China reaches 8.29 hundred million by 12 months in 2019, so that the demand of the wireless networks is increased year by year. Therefore, how to improve the transmission performance and reliability of the wireless network is a significant challenge in current wireless network technology research. For example, the reliability of data transmission in a network is improved, a concept of network coding is firstly proposed in 2001, the concept is different from that the traditional intermediate node only can store and forward a data packet, and the network coding allows the intermediate node to code and forward the received data packet, so that the network coding can improve the reliability of the wireless network, realize higher network throughput, reduce transmission energy consumption and improve the safety of transmission data. Although network coding has many advantages, the application of network coding in actual wireless communication is not common, mainly because the application of network coding increases the complexity of calculation, and also has the problems of excessive coefficient overhead and high delay, especially when the code length of the transmission data packet is long, the coding and decoding complexity of network coding is extremely high, which may cause great delay and energy consumption to the transmission system.
In order to more effectively utilize network coding characteristics to achieve better data transmission performance in wireless communication transmission and reduce the computational complexity and delay of the whole system, Shenghao Yang et al introduced 2011 a concept of batch Sparse Codes (BATS Codes). The BATS code is a novel coding and decoding scheme combining fountain codes and network codes, the BATS code uses the concept of the fountain codes to generate enough batch information to transmit data packets at a transmitting end, random linear network coding is carried out on the received data packets in the same batch at a relay node and the data packets are transmitted to a receiving end, the receiving end does not need to consider channel conditions, and decoding of all the data packets can be completed only by receiving enough batch data packets. The BATS code can well integrate the advantages of fountain codes and network codes, and simultaneously make up the defect of high computational complexity of the network codes. The bat code has a higher throughput compared to the fountain code, and has a lower coding complexity compared to the network coding, which is similar to the fountain code, and also has a good no-rate characteristic. Therefore, the BATS code combines the advantages of the fountain code and the network code, has higher throughput, lower complexity and no-rate characteristic, and finally achieves the effect of low delay under the condition of ensuring the high reliability of a transmission system.
For the present bat code, when there are many network relay nodes, the transmission performance is good, but there is a problem of too large coding overhead, and for the present wireless network transmission, the smaller coding overhead, i.e. the low delay, means faster transmission speed and better user experience, so reducing the coding overhead of the bat code becomes a key problem for the performance optimization of the bat code.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, and provides a method for designing a bat code-based high-efficiency code in a multi-hop transmission system, which can reduce the coding redundancy in multi-hop network transmission and improve the transmission efficiency of data packets.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a design method for high efficiency bat code-based coding in a multi-hop transmission system, the multi-hop transmission system comprises a transmitter, a receiver and n relay nodes, the transmission of signals is performed according to frames, comprising the steps of:
1) before the BATS code data transmission, the transmitter divides the original file into K original data packets (B) with equal length1,b2,…,bK) Wherein b represents a data packet;
2) at the transmitter end, k original data packets (b) with equal length are transmitted1,b2,…,bK) Performing outer code coding of the BATS code by adopting an efficient coding design scheme of the BATS code to obtain a coding packet;
3) sending the coding packet obtained in the step 2) to a relay node through a wireless channel;
4) the relay node receives the coded packets, then searches the coded packets belonging to the same batch, and codes the coded packets belonging to the same batch by using the BATS code inner code to obtain recoded coded packets;
5) the relay node sends the recoded coding packet to the next relay node until the receiver receives the recoded coding packet;
6) the receiver searches for the coded packets belonging to the same batch, performs iterative decoding on the coded packets of the same batch, and performs Gaussian elimination decoding on the coded packets of the same batch to obtain an original data packet;
7) the receiver judges whether all the original data packets are decoded, when all the original data packets are decoded, the transmitter is stopped, the final coding redundancy is recorded, and when all the original data packets are not decoded, the transmitter continues to transmit the coding packets until all the original data packets are decoded.
The specific operation process of the step 2) is as follows:
21) the outer code of the BATS code is coded in the form of a fountain code, in which the original file is divided into K equal-length original data packets (b)1,b2,…,bK) And according to the outer code degree distribution psi ═ of fountain code1,Ψ2,…,ΨK) Passing probability
Obtain a value diWherein, the value diRandomly selecting d as the number of original data packets to be coded for the ith batchiOriginal data packets and form an original data packet set B of the ith batchi；
22) And the transmitter sequentially transmits the coded outer code coded packets to the relay nodes.
The specific process of using BATS code inner code coding for the code packets belonging to the same batch in the step 4) is as follows:
41) the relay node receives a plurality of coding packets, selects the coding packets and records the coding packets belonging to the same batch;
42) carrying out random linear network coding on the coding packets belonging to the same batch, wherein HiAnd transferring the matrix for the relay node of the ith batch, and encoding the received encoding number packet by the relay node through the transfer matrix to obtain a recoded encoding packet.
The specific operation of step 6) is:
61) all codes received at the receiverIn the code batch, the rank R (G) of the search batchiHi) Is equal to the value d of the value at the time of codingiThe batch is used as a decodable batch, all original data packets in the decodable batch are decoded, and when the recovered batch contains diAfter the original data packet, updating the restored original data packet into other un-decoded batches, and then performing iterative decoding by the receiver until no decodable batch exists, and if the un-decoded batch exists, turning to step 62); when all the original data packets are successfully decoded, ending the decoding;
62) the receiver selects a batch from all the undecoded batches in sequence, then transforms the effective transmission matrix of the batch, checks whether a recovered original data packet exists, and goes to step 65 if the recovered original data packet exists, or goes to step 63) if the recovered original data packet exists;
63) selecting a next batch, and merging the effective transmission matrix of the next batch with the effective transmission matrix in the step 62);
64) checking whether an original data packet capable of being recovered exists, and if so, turning to a step 65), otherwise, turning to a step 63);
65) and decoding the recovered original data packets, adding the decoded original data packets into all the rest batches, deleting the relation between the decoded original data packets and the batches which are not decoded, and then carrying out iterative decoding until all the original data packets are decoded.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the specific operation of the high-efficiency BATS code-based coding design method in the multi-hop transmission system, the high-efficiency BATS code coding scheme is used in the BATS code coding process of the transmitter, so that all original data packets can rapidly participate in the BATS code coding process, the coding redundancy in multi-hop network transmission is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the BATS code in a multi-hop network is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a general protocol framework for BATS code according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an implementation of BATS code encoding in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a BATS code efficient coding scheme in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph comparing the decoding success rate of the present invention with two reference schemes when coding redundancy increases at K150;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the variation of coding redundancy with the increase of packet loss rate when K is 150;
fig. 7 is a graph of the change of coding redundancy with the increase of packet loss rate when K is 100;
fig. 8 is a graph comparing the method of the present invention with conventional LT codes and a reference scheme of bat codes when the number of relay nodes increases.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the wireless channel is a Binary Erasure Channel (BEC), wherein the binary erasure channel has a certain packet loss rate e, the relay node performs coding-forwarding on the data packet after receiving the data packet, that is, after receiving the data packet, the relay node needs to perform linear coding processing on the received data packet belonging to the same batch, send the coded data packet to the next node, and the destination node receives the data packet which is not lost in the transmission process, and performs decoding operation on the data packets, and finally recovers all original data packets.
Referring to fig. 2, the general protocol framework for bat code transmission according to the present invention is mainly divided into five layers, which are an application layer, a transport layer, a network layer, a link layer and a physical layer, wherein a source node and a destination node mainly complete the operation related to the external code of the bat code on the transport layer, and a relay node completes the operation related to the internal code on the network layer.
Referring to fig. 3, the bat code encoding process is divided into an outer code and an inner code, wherein the inner code is a random linear network code, the outer code is a fountain code, the outer code employs a fountain code to reduce the computational complexity of the system, and the inner code partially employs a scheme of partitioned random network coding, which not only can improve the stability of the network in the data transmission process, but also can increase the bandwidth resource utilization rate, so that the transmission has good performance.
In the BATS code outer code, each batch contains M coded data packets, wherein the ith batch XiFrom a subset of the original data packets
Is generated by a linear operation in which, among other things,
wherein i ═ 1,2, … denotes the ith batch, GiIs a check matrix of an outer code fountain code with dimension diX M, the check matrix can be a determined matrix or a randomly generated matrix, in the invention, the check matrix GiFor randomly generated matrices, BiRepresents which original data packets the ith batch is composed of, wherein BiIs determined by the outer code degree distribution psi ═ of fountain code1,Ψ2,…,ΨK)。
The inner code of the BATS code is network coding, and the purpose is to transmit the coded data packet to a plurality of nodes by passing the batches generated by the outer code through a network capable of network coding, in the network, assuming that the end-to-end transmission of each batch is linear, in the transmission, a destination node H is giveniIs the transfer matrix of the ith batch, YiCoded packets representing corresponding batches, YiThe specific values of (A) are:
referring to fig. 1, when the bat code-based efficient coding design method in a multi-hop transmission system according to the present invention is specifically operated, the multi-hop transmission system includes a transmitter, a receiver, and n relay nodes, signal transmission is performed according to frames, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the method includes the following steps:
1) the transmitter divides the original file into k original data packets (B) with equal length before BATS code data transmission1,b2,…,bK) B represents a data packet, and when k original data packets with equal length cannot be formed, zero is filled in the last data packet;
2) at the transmitter end, k original data packets (b) with equal length are transmitted1,b2,…,bK) Performing outer code coding of the BATS code by adopting an efficient coding design scheme of the BATS code to obtain a coding packet;
3) sending the coding packet obtained in the step 2) to a relay node through a wireless channel;
4) the relay node receives the coded packets, then searches the coded packets belonging to the same batch, and codes the coded packets belonging to the same batch by using the BATS code inner code to obtain recoded coded packets;
5) the relay node sends the recoded coding packet to the next relay node until the receiver receives the recoded coding packet;
6) the receiver searches for the coded packets belonging to the same batch, performs iterative decoding on the coded packets of the same batch, and performs Gaussian elimination decoding on the coded packets of the same batch to obtain an original data packet;
7) the receiver judges whether all the original data packets are decoded, when all the original data packets are decoded, the transmitter is stopped, the final coding redundancy is recorded, and when all the original data packets are not decoded, the transmitter continues to transmit the coding packets until all the original data packets are decoded.
The specific operation process of the step 2) is as follows:
21) the outer code of BATS code is encoded into fountain code form, and the original file is divided into K equal-length original data packets (b)1,b2,…,bK) And according to the outer code degree distribution psi ═ of fountain code1,Ψ2,…,ΨK) Passing probability
Obtain a value diWherein, the value diRandomly selecting d as the number of original data packets to be coded for the ith batchiOriginal data packets and form an original data packet set B of the ith batchiWherein, the specific outer code coding selection scheme is as follows:
2a) for the data packet selected by the first batch, firstly, randomly (b)1,b2,…,bK) Randomly selecting d from data packet1Recording the sequence number of the selected original data packet into a set L, wherein L is (b)i1,bi2,…,bid1)；
2b) Selecting the data packets to be selected in the rest batches from the unselected data packet set U to ensure that each original data packet can be selected, and updating the set U and the set L after selecting the original data packets in each batch until each original data packet is recorded and selected, wherein:
U＝B-L
22) and the transmitter sequentially transmits the coded outer code coded packets to the relay nodes.
The specific process of using BATS code inner code coding for the code packets belonging to the same batch in the step 4) is as follows:
41) the relay node receives a plurality of coding packets, selects the coding packets and records the coding packets belonging to the same batch;
42) carrying out random linear network coding on the coding packets belonging to the same batch, wherein HiTransferring the matrix for the relay node of the ith batch, wherein the relay node transfers the received coded data packet through the transfer matrixAnd coding to obtain a recoded coded packet.
The specific operation of step 6) is:
61) of all encoded batches received by the receiver, the rank R (G) of the search batchiHi) Is equal to the value d of the value at the time of codingiThe batch is used as a decodable batch, all original data packets in the decodable batch are decoded, and when the recovered batch contains diAfter the original data packet, updating the restored original data packet into other un-decoded batches, and then performing iterative decoding by the receiver until no decodable batch exists, and if the un-decoded batch exists, turning to step 62); when all the original data packets are successfully decoded, ending the decoding;
62) the receiver selects a batch from all the undecoded batches in sequence, then transforms the effective transmission matrix of the batch, checks whether a recovered original data packet exists, and goes to step 65 if the recovered original data packet exists, or goes to step 63) if the recovered original data packet exists;
63) selecting a next batch, and merging the effective transmission matrix of the next batch with the effective transmission matrix in the step 62);
64) checking whether an original data packet capable of being recovered exists, and if so, turning to a step 65), otherwise, turning to a step 63);
65) and decoding the recovered original data packets, adding the decoded original data packets into all the rest batches, deleting the relation between the decoded original data packets and the batches which are not decoded, and then carrying out iterative decoding until all the original data packets are decoded.
Fig. 5 shows that when the original data packet K is equal to 150, as the coding redundancy increases, the decoding success rates of the three schemes change, the channel packet loss rate e is 0.1, and the number n of relay nodes is 1, it can be seen that the decoding success rate of the conventional BP decoding scheme is low because BP decoding depends too much on the full rank of a batch, and if there is no full rank of a batch, decoding stops, so the decoding success rate of the BP decoding scheme has a fast cliff-type increase when the coding redundancy is large. The decoding success rate of the optimal decoding scheme of the BATS code is close to 1 when the coding redundancy is 1, but partial data packets are not decoded all the time, the decoding success rate of the optimal decoding scheme of the BATS code is close to 1 when the coding redundancy is 0.6, and then the decoding success rate is constant to 1, namely, the target node successfully decodes all the original data packets, so the optimal decoding scheme of the BATS code is superior to two comparison schemes in performance, can finish decoding of all the data packets more quickly, and has low coding redundancy and high decoding efficiency.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, as the packet loss rate increases, the coding redundancy of all three schemes slightly increases, and as the K value of the original data packet changes, it can be seen that the coding redundancy of all three schemes does not change much. Compared with the traditional scheme and the optimal decoding scheme, the coding redundancy is remarkably reduced, because the method can quickly traverse all original data packets when the source node carries out outer code coding, judges the data packets in the batch when decoding, decodes the data packets if the data packets which can be decoded exist, but depends on the batch with full rank, so that the destination node can have higher efficiency when decoding, and therefore, the transmission efficiency of the data packets can be increased in the transmission process, and the destination node can finish the decoding operation of all the original data packets when receiving fewer coded data packets.
Referring to fig. 8, at different numbers of relay nodes, the coding redundancy of three different schemes is simulated, as can be seen from fig. 8, the coding redundancy is increased by the bat code to obtain better performance in the network, and the destination node of the bat code does not depend on a specific degree distribution function when decoding, so that the performance of the bat code is not rapidly reduced by the transmission of multiple relay nodes, and as can also be seen from fig. 8, as the hop count is increased, the coding redundancy of two bat codes is increased by a small amplitude, while the coding redundancy of LT code is rapidly increased, thus showing that the bat code is more suitable for multi-hop network transmission in practice.
Claims (4)
1. A design method of high-efficiency coding based on BATS code in multi-hop transmission system is characterized in that the multi-hop transmission system comprises a transmitter, a receiver and n relay nodes, the transmission of signals is carried out according to frames, comprising the following steps:
1) before the BATS code data transmission, the transmitter divides the original file into K original data packets (B) with equal length1,b2,…,bK) Wherein b represents a data packet;
2) at the transmitter end, k original data packets (b) with equal length are transmitted1,b2,…,bK) Performing outer code coding of the BATS code by adopting an efficient coding design scheme of the BATS code to obtain a coding packet;
3) sending the coding packet obtained in the step 2) to a relay node through a wireless channel;
4) the relay node receives the coded packets, then searches the coded packets belonging to the same batch, and codes the coded packets belonging to the same batch by using the BATS code inner code to obtain recoded coded packets;
5) the relay node sends the recoded coding packet to the next relay node until the receiver receives the recoded coding packet;
6) the receiver searches for the coded packets belonging to the same batch, performs iterative decoding on the coded packets of the same batch, and performs Gaussian elimination decoding on the coded packets of the same batch to obtain an original data packet;
7) the receiver judges whether all the original data packets are decoded, when all the original data packets are decoded, the transmitter is stopped, the final coding redundancy is recorded, and when all the original data packets are not decoded, the transmitter continues to transmit the coding packets until all the original data packets are decoded.
2. The method for designing BATS code-based high-efficiency codes in a multi-hop transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operation process of step 2) is as follows:
21) the outer code of the BATS code is encoded in the form of a fountain code, wherein the original file is divided into K equal-length filesOriginal data packet (b)1,b2,…,bK) And according to the outer code degree distribution psi ═ of fountain code1,Ψ2,…,ΨK) Passing probability
Obtain a value diWherein, the value diRandomly selecting d as the number of original data packets to be coded for the ith batchiOriginal data packets and form an original data packet set B of the ith batchi；
22) And the transmitter sequentially transmits the coded outer code coded packets to the relay nodes.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of using bat code inner code coding for coded packets belonging to the same batch in step 4) is as follows:
41) the relay node receives a plurality of coding packets, selects the coding packets and records the coding packets belonging to the same batch;
42) carrying out random linear network coding on the coding packets belonging to the same batch, wherein HiAnd transferring the matrix for the relay node of the ith batch, and encoding the received encoding number packet by the relay node through the transfer matrix to obtain a recoded encoding packet.
4. The method for designing BATS code-based high-efficiency codes in a multi-hop transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operations of step 6) are as follows:
61) of all encoded batches received by the receiver, the rank R (G) of the search batchiHi) Is equal to the value d of the value at the time of codingiThe batch is used as a decodable batch, all original data packets in the decodable batch are decoded, and when the recovered batch contains diAfter each original data packet, the restored original data packet is updated to the rest un-decoded batches, and the receiver carries out iterative decoding again until no decodable batch exists, when the original data packet is recovered to the original data packet, the receiver carries out iterative decoding again until no decodable batch existsIf there is a batch that is not decoded, go to step 62); when all the original data packets are successfully decoded, ending the decoding;
62) the receiver selects a batch from all the undecoded batches in sequence, then transforms the effective transmission matrix of the batch, checks whether a recovered original data packet exists, and goes to step 65 if the recovered original data packet exists, or goes to step 63) if the recovered original data packet exists;
63) selecting a next batch, and merging the effective transmission matrix of the next batch with the effective transmission matrix in the step 62);
64) checking whether an original data packet capable of being recovered exists, and if so, turning to a step 65), otherwise, turning to a step 63);
65) and decoding the recovered original data packets, adding the decoded original data packets into all the rest batches, deleting the relation between the decoded original data packets and the batches which are not decoded, and then carrying out iterative decoding until all the original data packets are decoded.
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| CN115811381A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-03-17 | 香港中文大学（深圳） | Network communication method, network communication device, electronic device, and storage medium |
| CN115811381B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-04-19 | 香港中文大学（深圳） | Network communication method, network communication device, electronic apparatus, and storage medium |
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