CN111859639B - Fine application method of snow-melting agent - Google Patents
Fine application method of snow-melting agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN111859639B CN111859639B CN202010640672.4A CN202010640672A CN111859639B CN 111859639 B CN111859639 B CN 111859639B CN 202010640672 A CN202010640672 A CN 202010640672A CN 111859639 B CN111859639 B CN 111859639B
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005413 snowmelt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 179
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical class Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H10/00—Improving gripping of ice-bound or other slippery traffic surfaces, e.g. using gritting or thawing materials ; Roadside storage of gritting or solid thawing materials; Permanently installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials; Mobile apparatus specially adapted for treating wintry roads by applying liquid, semi-liquid or granular materials
- E01H10/007—Mobile apparatus specially adapted for preparing or applying liquid or semi-liquid thawing material or spreading granular material on wintry roads
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for finely using a snow-melting agent, which comprises the following steps: firstly, through a freezing point test, a function of the concentration C of the snow-melting agent solution relative to the temperature t is obtained by a inverse function, and then according to the relation between the concentration C of the snow-melting agent on the road surface and the spreading area S, the thickness h of the ice and the snow, the density rho of the ice and the snow and the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent, the relation between the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent, the thickness h of the ice and the snow and the external temperature t is further deduced, namely, the spreading quantity of the snow-melting agent per kilometer can be accurately calculated through the external environment temperature and the weather condition in winter. The invention solves the problem that the road maintenance department cannot reasonably determine the spreading amount of the snow-melting agent according to the environmental temperature and weather conditions, greatly reduces the use amount of the snow-melting agent for removing snow in winter, saves the road maintenance cost, improves the road snow removing efficiency in winter, reduces the pollution to the surrounding environment of the road, and provides the road maintenance department with high-efficiency, saving, environment-friendly and strong-operability technical support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of snow melting and deicing of urban roads, airport roads, highways and the like, and particularly relates to a refined use method of a snow melting agent.
Background
In most areas of China, the phenomenon of road icing or road snow accumulation occurs in winter, and particularly when roads and urban roads are affected by ice and snow weather, traffic jam can be caused, traffic accidents are easy to occur, and serious economic loss and property loss are caused. Therefore, in order to ensure the smoothness of the road and the driving safety, snow on the road surface needs to be effectively removed in time. At present, the widely adopted snow-melting deicing method in China is to spread snow-melting agent on roads. Compared with other snow removing modes, the method is simple and convenient in technical operation, wide in source of snow removing materials, low in cost and remarkable in snow melting and deicing effects, and therefore, the method is widely applied to urban roads, expressways and airport roads. At present, the snow-melting agents in the market are various in types and can be divided into chlorine salts, non-chlorine salts and compound snow-melting agents according to the composition. Compared with non-chlorine salt and composite snow-melting agent, the chlorine salt snow-melting agent has low price and good snow-melting effect, and is widely applied to snow-removing operation of urban roads and highways.
In the practical application process of the snow-melting agent, the road maintenance department usually determines the spreading time and the spreading quantity of the snow-melting agent according to experience, and can not accurately determine the using quantity of the snow-melting agent according to external weather, environmental temperature and road surface conditions. If the using amount of the snow-melting agent is low, the effect of melting snow and removing ice cannot be achieved, so that in the actual construction process, road maintenance personnel often overuse the snow-melting agent to ensure driving safety. Although a large amount of snow-melting agents are used for guaranteeing the smoothness of roads and the driving safety, most of the snow-melting agents have great influence on roads, bridges, peripheral plants, water bodies and soil at present. Excessive use of snow-melting agent not only causes resource waste and increases maintenance cost, but also pollutes the surrounding environment of the road.
Patent CN201811288873.1 discloses a method for predicting the usage of ice removing salt on a road, which predicts the change trend of the salt solution on the road in the process of ice melting according to the ambient air temperature and wind speed data, so as to obtain the salt solution temperature at the end of the ice removing salt ice melting reaction, further obtain the freezing point temperature of the salt solution at the moment, calculate the concentration of the salt solution at the moment, and finally calculate the method for predicting the usage of ice removing salt according to the thickness of the ice layer, the upper surface area of the ice layer to be melted and the concentration of the salt solution. Although the patent can determine the amount of the deicing and snow-melting agent to be adopted by the frozen road under the conditions of different external temperatures, different wind speeds, different ice layer thicknesses and the like, the patent limits that the ice layer and the bottom surface of the salt solution layer are always consistent in the deicing process, mainly determines the thickness of the deicing salt to be used according to the thickness of the ice layer, and cannot accurately obtain the amount of the deicing agent and the running speed of the deicing agent spreading vehicle. Patent CN201910242841.6 discloses a control method of a road ice-condensation early-warning and automatic treatment system, which comprises the steps of firstly estimating the ice-condensation trend according to early-warning information, and then adjusting the spraying amount, the spraying interval time and the spraying times of a snow-melting agent according to current meteorological data and road surface conditions; the amount of the snow-melting agent sprayed at one time is set according to the coefficient of performance of the snow-melting agent, the concentration of the snow-melting agent, the length of a management road section, the width of a road surface and the thickness of a water film, however, more data are required to be collected, and the parameter adjustment process is complex.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a refined application method of the snow-melting agent spreading, by which the amount of the snow-melting agent and the running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle can be accurately calculated according to weather conditions, ambient temperature and the type of the snow-melting agent, so that the effects of efficiently melting snow and removing ice are achieved, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems existing in the prior art and provides a method for refining and using a snow-melting agent, which comprises the following steps: according to weather conditions, environmental temperature and the types of the snow-melting agents, the spreading amount of the snow-melting agents is accurately controlled, so that the use amount of the snow-melting agents for removing snow in winter is reduced to a large extent, road maintenance cost is saved, road snow removing efficiency in winter is improved, and pollution to the surrounding environment of a road is reduced.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
A method for finely using a snow-melting agent comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing freezing point functions of snow-melting agent solutions with different concentrations through freezing point tests, and obtaining a relational expression of the concentration C of the snow-melting agent solution with respect to the temperature t by adopting a negation function, wherein the relational expression is as follows:
s2, spreading a certain mass of snow-melting agent on a road surface with a certain area, wherein the concentration of the snow-melting agent after ice or snow on the road surface is melted is as follows:
c=m/(sρh+m) three
S3, according to the formulas II and III, the relation between the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent and the temperature t is as follows:
wherein t is the ambient temperature, DEG C;
c is the concentration of the snow-melting agent solution,%;
a. b and d are constants;
m is the mass of the snow-melting agent spread on a pavement with a certain area, and is called snow-melting agent spreading mass for short, and kg;
s is the spreading area of the snow-melting agent and square meters;
ρ is the density of ice or snow, kg/m 3 ；
h is the thickness of ice or snow on the road surface;
k is a correction coefficient.
According to the invention, firstly, freezing point functions of snow-melting agent solutions with different concentrations are established through freezing point tests, a set of unitary quadratic regression equations are obtained by fitting concentration-freezing point scatter diagrams, and inverse functions of the unitary quadratic regression equations are calculated, so that a relational expression (formula II) of the concentration C of the snow-melting agent solution with respect to the temperature t is obtained. And then according to the relation between the concentration C of the snow-melting agent on the road surface and the spreading area S, the thickness h of the ice and the snow, the density rho of the ice and the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent, the relation between the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent and the thickness h of the ice and the external temperature t is further deduced, namely the spreading quantity of the snow-melting agent per kilometer can be accurately calculated through the external environment temperature and the weather condition in winter. The invention solves the problem that the road maintenance department cannot reasonably determine the spreading amount of the snow-melting agent according to the environmental temperature and weather conditions, greatly reduces the use amount of the snow-melting agent for removing snow in winter, saves the road maintenance cost, improves the road snow removing efficiency in winter, reduces the pollution to the surrounding environment of the road, and provides the road maintenance department with high-efficiency, saving, environment-friendly and strong-operability technical support.
Preferably, the freezing point functions of the snow-melting agent solutions of different concentrations are established in step S1: through a freezing point test, the freezing points of the snow-melting agent solutions with different concentrations are measured, a coordinate system is established by taking the concentration of the snow-melting agent solution as an abscissa and taking the freezing point as an ordinate, a snow-melting agent solution concentration-freezing point scatter diagram can be obtained, and a unitary quadratic equation can be obtained by fitting the scatter diagram:
t＝aC 2 +bC+d-type I
Preferably, after the freezing point function is obtained in the step S1, through indoor experimental research, the freezing point of the snow-melting agent solution can be reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the solution, and a relational expression II of C with respect to t is obtained by the inverse function of the formula I; i.e. the relation of the concentration of the snow-melting agent solution with respect to the different ambient temperatures.
Preferably, the method further comprises step S4:
when the discharging gear of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is fixed, according to the discharging amount m of the discharging port per minute 1 When one kilometer of snow-melting agent is scattered for m kilograms, calculating the speed of the snow-melting agent scattering vehicle to run, and obtaining the running speed v of the snow-melting agent scattering vehicle and the discharge amount m of a discharge hole 1 The relation between the snow-melting agent spreading mass m is as follows:
in the fifth formula: v is the running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle when spreading the snow-melting agent, km/h;
m 1 the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is provided with a discharge port with a certain gear for discharging the snow-melting agent every minute, and kg/min.
Preferably, the method further comprises step S5:
according to the fourth and fifth formulas, the relation between the running speed v and the temperature t of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is as follows:
the invention measures the snow-melting agent scattering vehicle to scatter the snow-melting agent every minute under the condition of a certain size of a discharge holeCloth amount m 1 Establishing the running speed v of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle and the spreading quantity m of the snow-melting agent 1 Relationship between them. Therefore, the purpose of finely using the snow-melting agent can be achieved by controlling the running speed of the vehicle.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the snow-melting agent spreading area S is as follows:
s=l·w seven
In formula seven: l is the length of the snow-melting agent spread on the road surface, and m;
w is the width of the snow-melting agent spread by the spreader and m.
Preferably, the concentration of the snow-melting agent in the freezing point test in step S1 is at least 10 gradient concentration values for the freezing point test. More preferably, the freezing point test snow-melting agent concentration value comprises at least 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 15%, 17%, 19%, 21%, 23%.
Preferably, the discharge port in step S4 discharges the material m per minute 1 Is measured by the method of: stopping the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle in situ, slowly adjusting the gear of the discharge port from the minimum to the maximum, and sequentially testing the discharge amount m of the snow-melting agent under different gear of the opening of the discharge port in one minute 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The gear of the discharge port is generally adjusted according to the design gear of the spreader and is generally 10 gears; when the discharge hole has no gear mark, the opening of the discharge hole is gradually enlarged and the gear mark is made, so that the next use is convenient; when the gear is adjusted to a larger gear and the discharge amount per minute is more than 600kg, the test time can be adjusted to 30s for convenient metering.
Preferably, the correction coefficient k takes 1. When the external temperature is t, spreading the snow-melting agent with m mass, wherein the snow-melting agent solution on the road surface just reaches the freezing point and is an ice-water mixture, and the ice and the snow can not be melted completely, so when the temperature t is taken, the temperature t is corrected, the correction coefficient k is taken as 1, namely, when the temperature t is taken, the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ on the basis of the current temperature.
Preferably, ρ is 900kg/m when the weather conditions are clear, icy road or there is evidence of icing 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In snowy weather, ρ is 100kg/m 3 . Sign of icing means that when the road surface is wet, the ambient temperature approaches 0 ℃ and the temperature gradually dropsAt this time, the road surface may show signs of icing.
Preferably, the thickness h of ice or snow on the road surface takes the values shown in the following table
Preferably, the running speed v of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is the running speed of the road-on operation when the spreading vehicle is fully loaded, and the effective running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is generally 25km/h to 75km/h, when the running speed v calculated according to the sixth method is smaller than 25km/h, the gear of the discharge port should be increased, and after the gear is increased, the corresponding running speed of the vehicle under the gear needs to be recalculated until the calculated speed is larger than 25km/h; when v is greater than 75km/h, the gear of the discharge port is reduced, and after the gear is reduced, the corresponding vehicle running speed under the gear is required to be recalculated until the calculated speed is less than 75km/h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a fine use method capable of accurately controlling the spreading amount of a snow-melting agent according to weather conditions, ambient temperature and the type of the snow-melting agent, which solves the problem that a road maintenance department cannot determine the using amount of the snow-melting agent according to the change of the type of the purchased snow-melting agent and the external weather conditions, so that the use of the snow-melting agent by the maintenance department in the snow-melting and deicing work in winter is dependent.
2. Compared with the conventional construction method of constructors, the method for precisely using the snow-melting agent can save 20% -50% of the snow-melting agent, saves resources, reduces road maintenance cost, and reduces damage of the snow-melting agent to road structures and pollution to surrounding environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of solution freezing point relationships for different concentrations of snowmelt solutions formulated from the same snowmelt.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The method for refining the snow-melting agent in the specific embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a snow-melting agent concentration-freezing point space coordinate system: through a freezing point test, the freezing points of the snow-melting agent solutions with different concentrations are measured, a coordinate system is established by taking the concentration of the snow-melting agent solution as an abscissa and taking the freezing point as an ordinate, a snow-melting agent solution concentration-freezing point scatter diagram can be obtained, and a unitary quadratic equation can be obtained by fitting the scatter diagram:
t＝aC 2 +bC+d-type I
In formula one: t is the freezing point of the snow-melting agent solution and is at the temperature of DEG C;
c is the concentration of the snow-melting agent solution,%;
a. b and d are constants.
Specifically, in the freezing point test described in step S1, the concentration of the snow-melting agent is 5%, 7%, 9%, 11% …, and so on, at least 10 concentration values are taken for the freezing point test.
Establishing a relation between the concentration of the snow-melting agent solution and the freezing point t: through indoor experimental research, the freezing point of the snow-melting agent solution can be reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the solution, and the relation of C with respect to the freezing point t is obtained by the inverse function of the formula I:
in the formula II: t also represents ambient temperature, DEG C.
S2, spreading a certain mass of snow-melting agent on a road surface with a certain area, wherein the concentration of the snow-melting agent after ice or snow on the road surface is melted is as follows:
c=m/(sρh+m) three
In the formula III: m is the mass of the snow-melting agent scattered on a pavement with a certain area, and kg;
s is the spreading area of the snow-melting agent and square meters;
ρ is the density of ice or snow, kg/m 3 ；
h is the thickness of ice or snow on the road surface.
S3, according to the formulas II and III, the relation between the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent and the temperature t is as follows:
in formula IV: k is a correction coefficient.
S4, when the discharging gear of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is fixed, calculating the speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle when spreading the snow-melting agent for m kilograms per kilometer according to the discharging amount of the discharging hole per minute, and obtaining the running speed v of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle and the discharging amount m of the discharging hole 1 The relation between the spreading amount of the snow-melting agent is as follows:
in the fifth formula: v is the running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle when spreading the snow-melting agent, km/h;
m 1 the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is provided with a discharge port with a certain gear for discharging the snow-melting agent every minute, and kg/min.
S5, according to the fourth formula and the fifth formula, the relation between the running speed v and the temperature t of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is as follows:
specifically, the calculation formula of the snow-melting agent spreading area S is as follows:
s=l·w seven
In formula seven: l is the length of the snow-melting agent spread on the road surface, and m;
w is the width of the snow-melting agent spread by the spreader and m.
Specifically, the ice or snow density is generally 900kg/m when the outside weather is sunny, the road surface is frozen or the road surface has ice signs 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the outside weather is snowing, ρ is 100kg/m 3 。
Specifically, the thickness h of ice or snow on the road surface is shown in the following table:
specifically, the correction coefficient k is 1.
Specifically, the discharge amount m of a snow melt agent spreading vehicle at a certain gear lower discharge port per minute 1 Is measured by the method of: the discharge amount m of the discharge port of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle 1 When the value is measured, the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is stopped in place, the gear of the discharge port is slowly adjusted from the minimum to the maximum, and the discharge quantity m of the snow-melting agent under different gear of the opening of the discharge port in one minute is sequentially tested 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The gear of the discharge port is generally adjusted according to the design gear of the spreader and is generally 10 gears, when the discharge port has no gear mark, the opening of the discharge port is gradually enlarged and the gear mark is made, so that the next use is convenient; when the gear is adjusted to a larger gear and the discharge amount per minute is more than 600kg, the test time can be adjusted to 30s for convenient metering.
Specifically, the running speed v of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is the running speed of the road-on operation when the spreading vehicle is fully loaded, the effective running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is generally 25 km/h-75 km/h, when the running speed v calculated according to the sixth method is smaller than 25km/h, the gear of the discharge port should be increased, and after the gear is increased, the corresponding running speed of the vehicle under the gear needs to be recalculated until the calculated speed is larger than 25km/h; when v is greater than 75km/h, the gear of the discharge port is reduced, and after the gear is reduced, the corresponding vehicle running speed under the gear is required to be recalculated until the calculated speed is less than 75km/h.
Example 1
According to the method for finely using the snow-melting agent, which is provided by the invention, the embodiment provides a calculation method for the optimal consumption of the solid snow-melting agent used in a highway maintenance station under different weather conditions and different temperatures, and the concrete steps are as follows:
s1, establishing a freezing point-concentration relation through a snow-melting agent freezing point test, and establishing the concentration-freezing point relation through a negation function
Snow-melting agent freezing point test: the freezing point values corresponding to the different concentration of the snow-melting agent solutions were measured by a freezing point tester according to the method in the specification "aviation fuel freezing point measurement method (GBT 2430-2008) by taking a total of 12 concentration of the snow-melting agent solutions of 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 15%, 17%, 19%, 21%, 23%, 25%, 27%, respectively, and using the freezing point tester, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 freezing point test results for snow-melting agent solutions of different concentrations
| Concentration (%) | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 15 |
| Freezing point (DEG C) | -3.40 | -4.70 | -5.39 | -7.56 | -8.44 | -11.23 |
| Concentration (%) | 17 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 27 |
| Freezing point (DEG C) | -12.06 | -15.38 | -16.83 | -20.43 | -22.32 | -22.31 |
Establishing a freezing point-concentration relation formula: according to the freezing point test result, a scatter diagram is drawn by taking the concentration as an abscissa and the freezing point as an ordinate, and quadratic curve fitting is carried out, so that a relation graph as shown in fig. 1 can be obtained after fitting, and the relation formula of the freezing point t and the concentration C after fitting is as follows:
correlation coefficient R of fitting curve 2 ＝0.9869
Establishing a concentration-freezing point relation formula: obtaining the relation between the concentration C of the snow-melting agent solution and the freezing point t by the formula I and the inverse function
In the formula II: t also represents ambient temperature, DEG C.
S2, spreading a certain mass of snow-melting agent on a road surface with a certain area, wherein the concentration of the snow-melting agent after ice or snow on the road surface is melted is as follows:
c=m/(sρh+m) three
In the formula III: m is the mass of the snow-melting agent scattered on a pavement with a certain area, and kg;
s is the spreading area of the snow-melting agent and square meters;
ρ is the density of ice or snow, kg/m 3 ；
h is the thickness of ice or snow on the road surface.
S3, according to the formulas II and III, the relation between the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent and the temperature t is as follows:
when the external temperature is t, spreading the snow-melting agent with m mass, wherein the snow-melting agent solution on the road surface just reaches the freezing point and is an ice-water mixture, and the ice and the snow can not be melted completely, so when the temperature t is taken, the temperature t is corrected, the correction coefficient k is taken as 1, namely, when the temperature t is taken, the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ on the basis of the current temperature.
Calculating the spreading amount of the snow-melting agent under different weather conditions and different temperatures: when the weather is clear, the road surface is frozen or has ice signs, ρ is 900kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In snowy weather, ρ is 100kg/m 3 。
The thickness of the road ice or snow is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 thickness h of ice or snow on road surface under different weather conditions
Specifically, the calculation formula of the snow-melting agent spreading area S is as follows:
s=l·w seven
In formula seven: l is the length of the snow-melting agent spread on the road surface, and m;
w is the width of the snow-melting agent spread by the spreader and m.
According to outside weather, the h value can be obtained by looking up table 2, when the value is calculated, the single-lane width of the expressway is 3.75m according to the single-lane per kilometer snow-melting agent spreading amount, so that the spreading area S=3.75x1000=3750 square meters, and then the spreading quality of the single-lane per kilometer pavement snow-melting agent can be calculated according to the fourth formula, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of snow-melting agent spreading amount per kilometer under different weather conditions
Note that: the data in the above table are calculated using the raw data of the a, b, d constants.
S4, establishing a relation between the running speed v and the temperature of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle
Measuring the discharge amount of a discharge port of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle: stopping the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle in situ, slowly adjusting the gear of the discharge port from the minimum to the maximum, and sequentially testing the discharge amount m of the snow-melting agent under different gear of the opening of the discharge port in one minute 1 The gear of the discharge port is generally adjusted according to the design gear of the spreader, and is generally 10 gears, when the discharge port has no gear mark, the opening of the discharge port should be gradually increased, and the gear mark is made, so that the next use is convenient. When the gear is gradually adjusted to a larger gear, and when the discharge amount of the snow-melting agent is more, the test time can be adjusted to 30s for convenient metering.
Calculating the running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle under different weather conditions and different temperatures: when the discharge gear of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is fixed, the speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle which is required to travel can be calculated according to the discharge amount of the discharge port per minute, and the travel speed v of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle and the discharge amount m of the discharge port can be obtained 1 And snow-melting agent spreading amount：
In the embodiment, the minimum gear discharging amount m of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle used in the expressway maintenance station is measured 1 For 280kg/min, table look-up 3 can obtain the snow-melting agent spreading amount per kilometer under the corresponding weather condition and temperature, and substituting into five to calculate the speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle for achieving the purpose of melting snow and removing ice. Table 4 below shows a comparison of the vehicle travel speeds for snow melt agent spreaders when the weather conditions are clear and the road surface is icy.
Table 4 comparison of the running speeds of snow-melting agent spreading vehicles in case of icing on road surfaces
| Road surface temperature (DEG C) | 0 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 |
| Snow-melting agent spreading amount (kg/km) | 127 | 242 | 354 | 463 | 571 | 677 |
| Driving speed (km/h) | 132 | 69 | 47 | 36 | 29 | 25 |
Table 4 is limited to use in icy road conditions, and corresponding snow-melting agent spreader travel speeds can be calculated by equation five under other weather conditions.
In general, the effective running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is 25 km/h-75 km/h, when the running speed v calculated according to the formula six is smaller than 25km/h, the gear of the discharge port should be increased, when v is larger than 75km/h, the gear of the discharge port should be decreased, and the running speed is recalculated until the running speed is within the effective range after adjustment.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the invention, the method for using the snow-melting agent in a refined manner is applied to the actual winter snow-melting deicing construction of a highway maintenance station, and the actual benefits obtained by the invention are verified by the data obtained by a test site:
the test section is a bridge in a highway, the test length is 1.8km, the bridge is positioned in a high-altitude area, and the bridge deck is often frozen when the temperature is low in winter. On the day of the test, the weather of the area where the bridge is located is sunny, the lowest night air temperature is-1 ℃ according to weather forecast, the bridge deck is provided with brake water, and when the air temperature reaches 0 ℃, the bridge deck can freeze to influence the driving safety.
Before test construction, measure m 1 The discharge amount per minute of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is 280kg under the minimum gear, and the theoretical running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is 132km/h and the theoretical spreading amount of the snow-melting agent is 127kg as shown in table 4. Due to the vehicle load of the snow-melting agent, road conditions and the like, snow is meltedThe vehicle speed of the vehicle is generally 75km/h at maximum, 132km/h exceeds the maximum effective running speed, so that the vehicle can run at maximum speed under the condition of ensuring personnel safety as much as possible during the test.
When the method is specifically applied, theoretical values are calculated through the outside environment temperature and weather conditions to obtain the reference snow-melting agent spreading quality m and the running speed v, and then the snow-melting agent spreading quality and the running speed are adjusted according to the actual road conditions and the running conditions, so that the snow-melting agent spreading quality and the running speed are close to the theoretical values as much as possible under the safety condition, and the consumption of the snow-melting agent can be remarkably reduced. In the actual construction of the test road, 240kg of snow-melting agent is sprayed upwards, the average running speed of the spraying vehicle is 60km/h, 385kg of snow-melting agent is sprayed downwards, the average running speed of the spraying vehicle is 45km/h, and 625kg of solid snow-melting agent is sprayed in a total of 1.8km in both directions.
According to the data of the road section maintenance station, the conventional spreading method of maintenance personnel spreads the snow-melting agent on the bridge to 1.5 tons under the same weather condition, and the spreading amount of the snow-melting agent controlled by the 'fine' using method is 625kg, so that the spreading amount of the snow-melting agent is reduced by about 58 percent.
Through the verification of the physical engineering application, the snow-melting agent 'refinement' application method provided by the invention can greatly reduce the spreading amount of the snow-melting agent, so that the maintenance cost is saved to a great extent, and the influence on the surrounding environment of a road is reduced.
Although the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, but that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The method for finely using the snow-melting agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, establishing freezing point functions of snow-melting agent solutions with different concentrations through freezing point tests, and obtaining a relational expression of the concentration C of the snow-melting agent solution with respect to the temperature t by adopting a negation function, wherein the relational expression is as follows:
s2, spreading a certain mass of snow-melting agent on a road surface with a certain area, wherein the concentration of the snow-melting agent after ice or snow on the road surface is melted is as follows:
c=m/(sρh+m) three
S3, according to the formulas II and III, the relation between the spreading mass m of the snow-melting agent and the temperature t is as follows:
wherein t is the ambient temperature, and the unit of t is the temperature;
c is the concentration of the snow-melting agent solution, and the unit of C is;
a. b and d are constants;
m is the mass of the snow-melting agent spread on a pavement with a certain area, and is the mass of the snow-melting agent spread for short, and the unit of m is kg;
s is the spreading area of the snow-melting agent, and the unit of S is square meters;
ρ is the density of ice or snow, and ρ is in kg/m 3 ；
h is the thickness of ice or snow on the road surface;
k is a correction coefficient;
step S4: when the discharging gear of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is fixed, according to the discharging amount m of the discharging port per minute 1 When one kilometer of snow-melting agent is scattered for m kilograms, calculating the speed of the snow-melting agent scattering vehicle to run, and obtaining the running speed v of the snow-melting agent scattering vehicle and the discharge amount m of a discharge hole 1 The relation between the snow-melting agent spreading mass m is as follows:
in the fifth formula: v is the running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle when spreading the snow-melting agent, and the unit of v is km/h;
m 1 the discharge amount of a lower discharge port with a certain gear for the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle per minute, m 1 Is expressed in kg/min;
step S5: according to the fourth and fifth formulas, the relation between the running speed v and the temperature t of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is as follows:
2. the method for refining and using the snow-melting agent according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the spreading area S of the snow-melting agent is as follows:
s=l·w seven
In formula seven: l is the length of the snow-melting agent spread on the road surface, and the unit of L is m;
w is the width of the snow-melting agent spread by the spreader, and the unit of w is m.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the snow-melting agent in the freezing point test in step S1 is at least 10 gradient concentration values for the freezing point test.
4. The method for refining and using a snow-melting agent according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the discharge amount m of the discharge port per minute 1 Is measured by the method of: stopping the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle in situ, slowly adjusting the gear of the discharge port from the minimum to the maximum, and sequentially testing the discharge amount m of the snow-melting agent under different gear of the opening of the discharge port in one minute 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the discharge hole has no gear mark, the opening of the discharge hole is gradually enlarged and the gear mark is made for the next use; when the gear is adjusted to a discharge amount of more than 600kg per minute, the test time is adjusted to 30s.
5. A method of using a snow melt agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the correction factor k is 1.
6. A method of using a snow melt agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein ρ is 900kg/m when the weather is clear, icy or has signs of icing 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In snowy weather, ρ is 100kg/m 3 。
7. A method of using a snow melt agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness h of ice or snow on the road surface has the value:
when the weather condition is icing, the value of h is 0.2cm;
when the weather condition is slight snow, h takes a value of 3cm;
when the weather condition is small snow, h takes a value of 6cm;
when the weather condition is middle snow, h takes a value of 12cm;
when the weather condition is heavy snow, h takes a value of 20cm;
when the weather condition is extra-large snow, h takes a value of 25cm.
8. The method for refining and using the snow-melting agent according to claim 1, wherein the running speed v of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is the running speed of the road-on operation when the spreading vehicle is fully loaded, the effective running speed of the snow-melting agent spreading vehicle is generally 25km/h to 75km/h, and when the running speed v calculated according to the formula six is less than 25km/h, the gear of the discharge hole should be increased; when v is more than 75km/h, the gear of the discharge port should be reduced.
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