CN109146208A - A kind of road deicing salt dosage prediction technique - Google Patents
A kind of road deicing salt dosage prediction technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN109146208A CN109146208A CN201811288873.1A CN201811288873A CN109146208A CN 109146208 A CN109146208 A CN 109146208A CN 201811288873 A CN201811288873 A CN 201811288873A CN 109146208 A CN109146208 A CN 109146208A
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 91
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 salts salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004141 dimensional analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of road deicing salt dosage prediction technique, and described method includes following steps, step A: according to the road salt solution temperature variation tendency of outside air temperature and the data prediction deicing processes of extraneous wind speed；Step B: the salting liquid temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction is obtained；Step C: the salting liquid freezing point temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction is obtained；Step D: the concentration of salt solution of ice-melt reaction finish time is learnt；Step E: the prediction dosage of deicer salts is calculated according to concentration of salt solution in ice layer thickness and ice sheet top surface area to be melted and step D.The road deicing salt dosage prediction technique proposed based on this patent, can determine that the ice-patch surface under the conditions of different ambient temperatures, different wind speed, different ice layer thickness etc. should use except ice and snow melting agent dosage, under the premise of taking into account ice-melt effect, the usage amount of road deicing salt is reduced to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pavement engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of road deicing salt dosage prediction technique.
Background technique
In winter under the conditions of low temperature rain and snow weather, road surface easily freezes and accumulated snow, this will lead to road surface coefficient of friction
It reduces, vehicle driving is difficult, and braking distance increases, to cause being substantially increased for traffic accident incidence.In order to effectively solve
Road freezes during the cold season, the problem of accumulated snow, and it is anti-that deicer salts are worldwide widely used in winter icy road disaster
It controls, has many advantages, such as that efficient, convenient, at low cost, use scope is wide, can achieve the purpose that road deicing quickly, to protect
Hinder traffic safety.
But it is many in recent years the study found that most of salt deicing salt product all has very big side effect, it removes
The perishable destruction road structure of cryosel and motor vehicles, can also pollute soil, water body and atmosphere etc., destroy ecological ring
Border.Road deicing salt do not spread much, disorderly spreads the common recognition for having become road maintenance department, however present road maintenance department is to removing
The use of cryosel has certain blindness, sheds use according to usual experience by maintenance personnel mostly.Sometimes, it is removed to enhance
Ice effect even blindly increases dosage, and this behavior not only waste of resource can also bring more overall situation risk.
Deicer salts dosage excessively will cause huge economic losses, but if spreading is very few, and will lead to and is difficult to thoroughly remove
Road coagulates ice.Therefore, under the conditions of current clearing ice technology, change the artificial randomness of deicer salts usage amount, optimize as far as possible
The usage amount of deicer and the reasonable disposition of deicing measure, there is huge realistic meaning.
In fact, the dosage of the ice layer thickness under different condition, deicer salts required for different eisbahns is different
, this needs to carry out relevant theory and experimentation analysis with the deicer salts how much measured.According to different external condition, as temperature,
Situations such as wind speed, snowfall, pavement temperature, snow (ice) thickness are spent, deicing salt quality used in unit area should carry out suitably
Adjustment, so that expected deicing effect and road deicing salt usage amount can be reached.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention provides a kind of road deicing salt dosage prediction technique, and described method includes following steps,
Step A: become according to the road salt solution temperature variation of outside air temperature and the data prediction deicing processes of extraneous wind speed
Gesture；
Step B: the salting liquid temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction is obtained from the variation tendency in step A；
Step C: the salting liquid freezing point temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction is obtained from the salting liquid temperature in step B；
Step D: the concentration of salt solution of ice-melt reaction finish time is learnt from the freezing point temperature in step C；
Step E: it is calculated and is removed according to concentration of salt solution in ice layer thickness and ice sheet top surface area to be melted and step D
The prediction dosage of cryosel.
The salting liquid temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction is assumed in a kind of specific embodiment, in prediction technique
It is equal with the salting liquid freezing point temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction.
In a kind of specific embodiment, road is constructed by finite element software COMSOL in the prediction technique and is removed
The heat transfer model of cryosel deicing processes.
This patent from deicer salts ice-melt Transformation Principle and heat and mass reaction start with, pass through research deicing salting liquid temperature
Spend changing rule and deicer salts freezing point of solution changing rule, it is established that road deicing salt ice-melt temperature prediction model illustrates solidifying ice
Under the conditions of interaction mechanism between road surface ice-water-deicer salts different material, relative to other methods, this patent has
Following advantage: (1) by considering the thickness of the solidifying ice in road surface, coagulating the influence of ice temperature and atmospheric environment, the use to deicer salts
Amount optimizes configuration and deicing effect assessment, convenient for the operation in practical application；(2) road deicing is disclosed from principle
The ice-melt mechanism of salt provides theoretical foundation for the optimization use of deicer salts, achievees the purpose that deicer salts optimize quantitative analysis.
Based on the road deicing salt dosage prediction technique that this patent is proposed, different ambient temperatures, different wind can be determined
Ice-patch surface under the conditions of speed, different ice layer thickness etc. should use except ice and snow melting agent dosage, before taking into account ice-melt effect
It puts, reduces the usage amount of road deicing salt to the greatest extent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that salting liquid temperature and salting liquid freezing point change over time rule in actual measurement road deicing salt deicing processes.
Fig. 2 is road deicing salt ice-melt I-stage heat transfer model.
Fig. 3 is road deicing salt ice-melt II phase heat transfer model.
Fig. 4 is road surface deicing salt ice-melt finite element geometrical model.
Fig. 5 is the salting liquid temperature prediction variation tendency of deicing processes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated by the drawings and specific embodiments, but the embodiment of the scope of the present invention is not with this
It is limited, and is subject to claims.
Skilled person will appreciate that, on ice sheet after dispenser Nacl, in ice-out, solid Nacl also can
Dissolution forms salting liquid.The Nacl is, for example, the types such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, urea, amine.
(1) relationship between deicer salts solution temperature and its freezing point is obtained by test method
The parameter of deicer salts deicing processes is characterized in order to obtain, and this patent contrived experiment verifies road deicing salt deicing processes
Relationship between middle salting liquid freezing point and salting liquid temperature.Freezing point (freezing point) refers to that salting liquid becomes solid-state from liquid (water)
The temperature of (ice).Deicer salts ice-melt test result as shown in Figure 1, as a result, it has been found that, in road deicing salt deicing processes, salt is molten
Liquid temperature can be approached finally with its freezing point.When salting liquid temperature and its freezing point are close, road deicing salt deicing processes forming salt
The reaction of solution terminates.Salting liquid freezing point is related with concentration of salt solution, therefore can use the temperature change of salting liquid to predict
Quality needed for salting liquid.
(2) mass balance equation and the heat transfer in deicer salts deicing processes are constructed based on Transformation Principle and heat and mass equation
Equilibrium equation
In road deicing salt deicing processes, ice sheet constantly melts, the mass M of the ice in systemiConstantly variation at any time,
Its quality change rule can be indicated by formula (1) to formula (4):
mif=vifρice (2)
mil=αil(ρva-ρvs)θi (3)
Wherein:
mifFor the incrementss for caused ice and snow quality of snowing in the unit time, kgm-2·s-1；
milFor the caused ice mass loss that distils in the unit time, kgm-2·s-1；
miwTo melt caused ice mass loss, kgm in the unit time-2·s-1；
T is time, unit s；αilFor the coefficient that distils；
F (t) is function about snowfall, f (t)=1 when there is snowfall, when no snowfall, f (t)=0；
vifFor snowfall rate, ms-1；ρiceFor road surface ice and snow density, kgm-3；
ρvaFor the density of water vapor in air, kgm-3；
ρvsFor road surface water-vapour density, kgm-3；
θiIndicate mass percent of the quality of ice in the system entirely including ice, salting liquid and solid salt；
vwsFor wind speed, it is taken as constant, ms-1；
In road deicing salt deicing processes, the quality (M of water in systemw) rule is changed over time as shown in formula (5):
mwf=vfwρw (6)
mwl=αwl{ρva-ρvs(1-φ)}(1-θi) (7)
Wherein:
mwf(kg·m-2·s-1) be the unit time in rainfall,
mwl(kg·m-2·s-1) be the unit time in water evaporation capacity；
F (t), about the function of precipitation, f (t)=1 when there is precipitation, when no precipitation, f (t)=0；
vifFor precipitation rate, ms-1；ρwFor the density of water, 998kgm-3；
αwlFor the volume factor of water evaporation；
vwsFor the wind speed on salting liquid surface, the i.e. wind speed of road surface, ms-1；
φ is the ratio of present air humidity and saturated air humidity；
With the variation of time, the mass M of solid salt in systemssWith the mass M of liquid saltslChange over time rule such as
Formula (9) and formula (10) are shown, wherein msl(kg·m-2·s-1) be the unit time in dissolution solid-state salt quality；
In view of having larger impact to diabatic process whether deicer salts dissolution, entire diabatic process can be molten according to deicer salts
Solution or not it is divided into I-stage and two stages of II stage；Since I-stage be completely dissolved end to deicer salts putting into deicer salts,
Its heat exchanging process is as shown in Fig. 2, according to it is assumed that deicer salts salt deposit is by brine layer and air exclusion, and therefore, I-stage does not consider
The heat exchange of salting liquid layer and air and the evaporation of water；
I-stage salting liquid layer equation of heat balance is established as follows:
In formula: ρswFor the density of salting liquid, kg/m3
CswFor the specific heat capacity of salting liquid, it is believed that its is invariable, J/ (kg DEG C)
VswFor salting liquid volume, m3·m-2
TswFor the mean temperature of salting liquid layer, DEG C
qswFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and salt deposit, Wm-2；
qiwFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and ice sheet, Wm-2；
qslThe heat of water absorption, Wm are dissolved in for unit time inner salt-2；
qilFor the heat that ice-out in the unit time absorbs, Wm-2；
Wherein:
In above formula: λswFor the thermal coefficient of salting liquid, Wm-1·K-1；
λsFor the thermal coefficient of salt deposit, Wm-1·K-1；
λiFor the thermal coefficient of ice sheet, Wm-1·K-1；
hswFor salting liquid thickness degree, cm；hsw=0.425exp (- 726/t)；
hsFor salt deposit thickness, cm, hs=0.5-0.5t/1230；
hiFor ice layer thickness, cm；
TsFor salt deposit mean temperature, it is taken as ambient temperature, DEG C；
TiFor ice sheet mean temperature, DEG C；
rcFor heat flux resistance value, r is takenc=0.6 × 10-3m2KW-1；
Deicer salts dissolution heat flux can be expressed from the next in system:
qsl=msl·Lsl (14)
In above formula: mslFor the meltage of unit area solid salt in the unit time, have with system temperature and concentration of salt solution
It closes, according to road deicing salt ice-melt test result, deicer salts rate of dissolution can be indicated by formula (15):
msl=7.174 × 10-4kg·m-2·s-1 (15)
LslThe latent heat absorbed is dissolved by unit quality solid-state salt, is had:
Lsl=-3.88/ (58.44 × 10-3)kJ·kg-1
Ice sheet melts heat flux and can be expressed from the next in system:
qil=mil·Lil (16)
In above formula: milFor the quality for the ice that unit area in the unit time melts, have with system temperature and concentration of salt solution
It closes, according to deicer salts laboratory test results, is taken as
mil=3400exp (- 726/t)/t2(kg·m-2·S-1) (17)
Wherein LilThe latent heat absorbed by unit quality ice-out,
Lil=-335kJkg-1
The II stage is that deicer salts are completely dissolved the stage terminated to melting reaction, and heat exchanging process is as shown in Figure 3:
Different from I-stage, the II stage, salt deposit disappeared, so needing to consider salting liquid completely due to the dissolution of solid deicer salts
Heat exchange caused by heat convection and water evaporation between layer and air；II stage equation of heat balance is established as follows:
In formula: ρswFor the density of salting liquid, kg/m3
CswFor the specific heat capacity of salting liquid, it is believed that its invariable J/ (kg DEG C)
VswFor the volume of salting liquid, m3·m-2
qswFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and salt deposit, Wm-2；
qiwFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and ice sheet, Wm-2；
qilFor the heat that ice-out in the unit time absorbs, Wm-2；
qaFor the heat exchange of cryosel system and outside air in the unit time, Wm-2；
qwaThe heat absorbed by water evaporation in the unit time, Wm-2；
qa=αa(Twis-Ta) (19)
In above formula: αaFor the heat exchange coefficient of salting liquid and air, with wind speed vaIt is related, αa=10.4va 0.7+ 2.2, Twis
For the temperature of salting liquid, DEG C；TaFor outside air temperature, DEG C；
qwa=mwa·Lwa (20)
mwaFor the evaporation rate of moisture in salting liquid in the unit time, it is taken as 1.11 × 10-5kg·s-1·m-2；Moisture steams
Send out latent heat LwaIt is taken as -2260KJ/Kg.
(3) achieve the purpose that predict deicer salts deicing processes by temperature model prediction
It can final close theory and deicer salts based on salting liquid freezing point in deicer salts deicing processes and its solution temperature
Mass balance equation and balance heat transfer equation in deicing processes.This patent constructs road deicing by finite element software COMSOL
The heat transfer model of salt deicing processes predicts winter road deicing salt usage amount to be reached by the prediction of deicer salts solution temperature
Purpose.
COMSOL finite element model establishment process is as follows:
When establishing geometrical model, in order to make model and the field test situation established and be consistent, using three dimensional analysis, take
A certain section of road structure is studied as ice-melt model in deicer salts deicing processes.Ice-melt model is divided into deicing from top to bottom
Salt deposit, salting liquid layer, ice sheet, blacktop, such as Fig. 4.
Finite element geometrical model totally 21 boundaries, material layer assign solid salt parameter respectively from top to bottom, salting liquid parameter,
Icing parameter, bituminous concrete parameter, specific value are shown in Table 1.
1 finite element model material parameter of table
After the completion of model definition, analysis of Heat Transfer need to be carried out to each region, asphalt concrete layer internal heat transfer mode is solid
It conducts heat, is defined as phase-change heat transfer inside ice sheet and inside solid-state salt deposit, be second kind boundary condition between salting liquid layer and ice sheet
And it is assumed to be and thermally contacts completely and there are heat flux qil；It is second kind boundary condition between salt deposit and salting liquid layer and has been assumed to be
Full thermo-contact, there are heat flux qsl；Salting liquid layer upper bound is set as second kind boundary condition, and there are heat flux qwaWith qa.By
It is taken as a certain section of road structure in geometrical model, therefore boundary is set as thermal insulation at left and right sides of above-mentioned geometrical model.
In model solid heat transfer, there is governing equation:
It is set as thermal insulation at left and right sides of geometrical model, has governing equation as follows:
For thermally contacting heat transfer completely, have:
For ice sheet inside phase-change heat transfer, there is governing equation:
Formula (21) to formula (24) are the internal calculation formula of finite element geometrical model, these formula contents are this field skill
Known content known to art personnel.
It is 335 [kJ/kg] from phase 1 (ice) to (water) latent heat of phase change of phase 2.
When simulation, other external environment condition parameters such as table 2；
2 heat flux variable parameter of table
Before the last one step of the invention:
The freezing point of salting liquid is related with salting liquid temperature and concentration, under the conditions of standard pressure, salting liquid freezing point and salting liquid
Concentration and the relationship of salting liquid own temperature may be expressed as:
Tb=-0.02c2-0.39c-0.36 (25)
Wherein, TbFor salting liquid freezing point temperature, DEG C；C is concentration of salt solution；
MsFor the quality of salt in salting liquid；MiFor the quality of water in salting liquid in reaction process, i.e., melt in entire reaction process
The quality of the ice of change；
According to deicer salts ice-melt test result, the salting liquid temperature T of finish time is reacted in ice-meltsw' it is approximately equal to this moment
Salting liquid freezing point Tb', that is, have:
Tsw'=Tb′ (27)
Enabling c ' is the concentration of salt solution at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction, Ms' for reaction at the end of in salting liquid salt matter
Amount；Mi' for the quality of water in salting liquid in reaction process；Convolution 25, then have:
Ms' it is numerically equal to the deicing salt quality for reacting start time investment, Mi' numerically with melt in reaction process
The ice sheet quality of change is equal.
Simultaneously according to temperature model it is assumed that ice sheet and salting liquid layer floor space are always consistent in deicing processes；Therefore,
Formula (28) can be further simplified are as follows:
Wherein, hsIt is the thickness of the deicing salt deposit of initial time investment, cm；hiIt is the ice melted in entire deicing processes
Thickness degree, cm；
It,, can be according to its ice layer thickness for unit area road ice sheet in the practical application of deicer salts according to formula (29)
To determine required deicer salts thickness.
According to studying above, the finite element model established herein can be to the deicing salting liquid temperature under different external conditions
Degree is accurately predicted.Therefore, difference may be implemented in conjunction with deicer salts solution temperature prediction model based on formula (29)
Under the conditions of road deicing salt dosage prediction.
Road deicing salt dosage forecast reason is as follows:
The ice layer thickness for needing to melt → according to different condition (outside air temperature, wind speed) prediction road salt solution temperature variation
Trend → obtain deicer salts ice-melt reaction at the end of temperature → obtain deicer salts ice-melt reaction at the end of freezing point → melted
The concentration of salt solution of ice reaction finish time → can be conversed according to concentration of salt solution=deicer salts dosage/thawing ice sheet volume
Deicer salts dosage.
The prediction of deicer salts dosage, prediction result are carried out to the road ice sheet under specific external condition below according to this thinking
It is tested by indoor deicer salts come contrast verification.External environment condition parameter such as table 3.
3 experimental condition parameter of table
The road deicing salting liquid temperature prediction model established according to this patent, the temperature of deicing processes under the conditions of table 3
Changing rule is as shown in Figure 5.
According to Fig. 5 as can be seen that reacting finish time in ice-melt, salting liquid temperature is finally stable at -8.7 DEG C, that is, has: Tsw
=-8.7 DEG C.
It can be obtained according to formula (29) conversion, in hiIn the case where=1cm, deicer salts salt deposit thickness needed for melting ice sheet is about
0.12cm。
The above content is combine specific preferred embodiment to the further description of the invention made, and it cannot be said that originally
The specific implementation of invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, not
Under the premise of being detached from present inventive concept, several simple deductions and replacement can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of road deicing salt dosage prediction technique, described method includes following steps,
Step A: according to the road salt solution temperature variation tendency of outside air temperature and the data prediction deicing processes of extraneous wind speed；
Step B: the salting liquid temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction is obtained from the variation tendency in step A；
Step C: the salting liquid freezing point temperature at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction is obtained from the salting liquid temperature in step B；
Step D: the concentration of salt solution of ice-melt reaction finish time is learnt from the freezing point temperature in step C；
Step E: deicer salts are calculated according to concentration of salt solution in ice layer thickness and ice sheet top surface area to be melted and step D
Prediction dosage.
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that assume the salt at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction in prediction technique
Salting liquid freezing point temperature at the end of solution temperature is reacted with deicer salts ice-melt is equal.
3. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pass through finite element software COMSOL structure in the prediction technique
Build the heat transfer model of road deicing salt deicing processes.
4. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step A,
In road deicing salt deicing processes, ice sheet constantly melts, the mass M of the ice in systemiConstantly variation at any time, matter
Quantitative change law can be indicated by formula (1) to formula (4):
mif=vifρice (2)
mil=αil(ρva-ρvs)θi (3)
Wherein:
mifFor the incrementss for caused ice and snow quality of snowing in the unit time, kgm-2·s-1；
milFor the caused ice mass loss that distils in the unit time, kgm-2·s-1；
miwTo melt caused ice mass loss, kgm in the unit time-2·s-1；
T is time, unit s；αilFor the coefficient that distils；
F (t) is function about snowfall, f (t)=1 when there is snowfall, when no snowfall, f (t)=0；
vifFor snowfall rate, ms-1；ρiceFor road surface ice and snow density, kgm-3；
ρvaFor the density of water vapor in air, kgm-3；
ρvsFor road surface water-vapour density, kgm-3；
θiIndicate mass percent of the quality of ice in the system entirely including ice, salting liquid and solid salt；
vwsFor wind speed, it is taken as constant, ms-1。
5. method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step A,
In road deicing salt deicing processes, the quality (M of water in systemw) rule is changed over time as shown in formula (5):
mwf=vfwρw (6)
mwl=αwl{ρva-ρvs(1-φ)}(1-θi) (7)
Wherein:
mwf(kg·m-2·s-1) be the unit time in rainfall,
mwl(kg·m-2·s-1) be the unit time in water evaporation capacity；
F (t), about the function of precipitation, f (t)=1 when there is precipitation, when no precipitation, f (t)=0；
vifFor precipitation rate, ms-1；ρwFor the density of water, 998kgm-3；
αwlFor the volume factor of water evaporation；
vwsFor the wind speed on salting liquid surface, the i.e. wind speed of road surface, ms-1；
φ is the ratio of present air humidity and saturated air humidity.
6. method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in step A,
With the variation of time, the mass M of solid salt in systemssWith the mass M of liquid saltslRule is changed over time such as formula (9)
With shown in formula (10), wherein msl(kg·m-2·s-1) be the unit time in dissolution solid-state salt quality；
In view of having a larger impact to diabatic process whether deicer salts dissolution, entire diabatic process can be dissolved according to deicer salts with
It is no to be divided into I-stage and two stages of II stage；Since I-stage be completely dissolved end to deicer salts putting into deicer salts, according to
It is assumed that deicer salts salt deposit is by brine layer and air exclusion, therefore, I-stage does not consider heat exchange and the water of salting liquid layer and air
Evaporation；
I-stage salting liquid layer equation of heat balance is established as follows:
In formula: ρswFor the density of salting liquid, kg/m3
CswFor the specific heat capacity of salting liquid, it is believed that its is invariable, J/ (kg DEG C)
VswFor salting liquid volume, m3·m-2
TswFor the mean temperature of salting liquid layer, DEG C
qswFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and salt deposit, Wm-2；
qiwFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and ice sheet, Wm-2；
qslThe heat of water absorption, Wm are dissolved in for unit time inner salt-2；
qilFor the heat that ice-out in the unit time absorbs, Wm-2；
Wherein:
In above formula: λswFor the thermal coefficient of salting liquid, Wm-1·K-1；
λsFor the thermal coefficient of salt deposit, Wm-1·K-1；
λiFor the thermal coefficient of ice sheet, Wm-1·K-1；
hswFor salting liquid thickness degree, cm；hsw=0.425exp (- 726/t)；
hsFor salt deposit thickness, cm, hs=0.5-0.5t/1230；
hiFor ice layer thickness, cm；
TsFor salt deposit mean temperature, it is taken as ambient temperature, DEG C；
TiFor ice sheet mean temperature, DEG C；
rcFor heat flux resistance value, r is takenc=0.6 × 10-3m2KW-1；
Deicer salts dissolution heat flux can be expressed from the next in system:
qsl=msl·Lsl (14)
In above formula: mslFor the meltage of unit area solid salt in the unit time, root related with system temperature and concentration of salt solution
According to road deicing salt ice-melt test result, deicer salts rate of dissolution can be indicated by formula (15):
msl=7.174 × 10-4kg·m-2·s-1 (15)
LslThe latent heat absorbed is dissolved by unit quality solid-state salt, is had:
Lsl=-3.88/ (58.44 × 10-3)kJ·kg-1
Ice sheet melts heat flux and can be expressed from the next in system:
qil=mil·Lil (16)
In above formula: milFor the quality for the ice that unit area in the unit time melts, root related with system temperature and concentration of salt solution
According to deicer salts laboratory test results, it is taken as
mil=3400exp (- 726/t)/t2(kg·m-2·s-1) (17)
Wherein LilThe latent heat absorbed by unit quality ice-out,
Lil=-335kJkg-1
The II stage is that deicer salts are completely dissolved the stage terminated to melting reaction,
It is different from I-stage, the II stage due to solid deicer salts dissolution completely, salt deposit disappear, so need to consider salting liquid layer with
Heat exchange caused by heat convection and water evaporation between air；II stage equation of heat balance is established as follows:
In formula: ρswFor the density of salting liquid, kg/m3
CswFor the specific heat capacity of salting liquid, it is believed that its invariable J/ (kg DEG C)
VswFor the volume of salting liquid, m3·m-2
qswFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and salt deposit, Wm-2；
qiwFor the heat exchange of unit time inner salt solution layer and ice sheet, Wm-2；
qilFor the heat that ice-out in the unit time absorbs, Wm-2；
qaFor the heat exchange of cryosel system and outside air in the unit time, Wm-2；
qwaThe heat absorbed by water evaporation in the unit time, Wm-2；
qa=αa(Twis-Ta) (19)
In above formula: αaFor the heat exchange coefficient of salting liquid and air, with wind speed vaIt is related, αa=10.4va 0.7+ 2.2, TwisIt is molten for salt
The temperature of liquid, DEG C；TaFor outside air temperature, DEG C；
qwa=mwa·Lwa (20)
mwaFor the evaporation rate of moisture in salting liquid in the unit time, it is taken as 1.11 × 10-5kg·s-1·m-2；Moisture evaporation is latent
Hot LwaIt is taken as -2260KJ/Kg.
7. the method according to claim 1~any one of 6, which is characterized in that in step B~E,
The freezing point of salting liquid is related with salting liquid temperature and concentration, under the conditions of standard pressure, salting liquid freezing point and concentration of salt solution
It may be expressed as: with the relationship of salting liquid own temperature
Tb=-0.02c2-0.39c-0.36 (25)
Wherein, TbFor salting liquid freezing point temperature, DEG C；C is concentration of salt solution；
MsFor the quality of salt in salting liquid；MiFor the quality of water in salting liquid in reaction process, i.e., melt in entire reaction process
The quality of ice；
According to deicer salts ice-melt test result, the salting liquid temperature T of finish time is reacted in ice-meltsw' it is approximately equal to the salt at this moment
Freezing point of solution Tb', that is, have:
Tsw'=Tb′ (27)
Enabling c ' is the concentration of salt solution at the end of deicer salts ice-melt reaction, Ms' for reaction at the end of in salting liquid salt quality；Mi′
For the quality of water in salting liquid in reaction process；Convolution 25, then have:
Ms' it is numerically equal to the deicing salt quality for reacting start time investment, Mi' numerically with melt in reaction process
Ice sheet quality is equal.
8. method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step B~E,
According to temperature model it is assumed that ice sheet and salting liquid layer floor space are always consistent in deicing processes；Therefore, formula (28)
It can be further simplified are as follows:
Wherein, hsIt is the thickness of the deicing salt deposit of initial time investment, cm；hiIt is the ice sheet thickness melted in entire deicing processes
Degree, cm；
It,, can be according to its ice layer thickness come really for unit area road ice sheet in the practical application of deicer salts according to formula (29)
Fixed required deicer salts thickness.
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| CN109887230A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-14 | 象谱信息产业有限公司 | A kind of road coagulates ice early warning and automation disposal system control method |
| CN110618053A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-27 | 长安大学 | Method for evaluating release amount of salt in salt snow-melting coating |
| CN111859639A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-30 | 中南安全环境技术研究院股份有限公司 | Fine use method of snow-melting agent |
| CN117822371A (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-04-05 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Road anti-icing method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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