CN111850547B - Multi-shaft ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head - Google Patents
Multi-shaft ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head Download PDFInfo
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- CN111850547B CN111850547B CN202010724495.8A CN202010724495A CN111850547B CN 111850547 B CN111850547 B CN 111850547B CN 202010724495 A CN202010724495 A CN 202010724495A CN 111850547 B CN111850547 B CN 111850547B
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003031 feeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head, wherein the lower end of a second module is detachably connected with the upper end of a third module, the upper end of the second module is detachably connected with a plurality of first modules, the upper end of the second module is provided with a connector at the axial center position of the second module, the connector, the second module and the third module are provided with laser light path channels at the axial center positions, and the connector is sleeved with a connector capable of adjusting the positions up and down; powder feeding channels are formed in the axle center of the first module, the axle center of the second module and the axle center of the third module, and form a Rafael powder feeding channel, the axes of all the Rafael powder feeding channels form a preset included angle with the axes of the two modules, and the axes of all the Rafael powder feeding channels and the axes of the laser light path channels intersect at a point below the third module; the second module is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, and a cooling water channel is arranged inside the second module. The invention is detachable, which is convenient for cleaning and checking the spray head and also convenient for quick replacement of worn or damaged parts in the spray head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to a multi-shaft ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head.
Background
The laser cladding technology is an emerging material surface repair treatment technology, and is characterized in that the alloy powder coating is instantaneously melted on the surface of a substrate by utilizing high-energy laser beams emitted by a laser to form metallurgical bonding, and the coating with good mechanical properties is prepared by cladding proper materials on different substrate materials by adopting proper laser process parameters, so that the hardness, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, antifriction and other properties of the surface of the substrate material are improved. So as to achieve the purpose of strengthening and modifying the surface of the metal workpiece. The laser cladding technology is widely focused on the characteristics of low dilution rate, small heat affected zone, metallurgical bonding realization and the like, and particularly on large-scale shaft parts and flat plate parts in industries such as coal mines, cement and the like, and equipment is easy to scratch, abrade, corrode and the like due to severe and complex working environment, so that the parts are invalid. The laser cladding can repair and remanufacture the surface of a part, so that the urgent requirements of coal mine machinery are met.
The ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology changes the action process of laser and powder, and in the cladding process, powder particles are accelerated in an ultra-high family, so that compared with the traditional laser cladding, the cladding efficiency is greatly improved, the powder utilization rate is improved, and the production period of workpieces is greatly shortened. The cladding layer of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding has good surface finish, unobvious lap marks, metallurgically bonded cladding layer and substrate, no defects, direct processing of the cladding layer, material saving and cost reduction.
Most of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding powder feeding devices are improved from the traditional laser cladding powder feeding devices, and most of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding powder feeding devices are straight-tube coaxial powder feeding devices, and because the powder feeding channels are longer and the size is smaller, powder blocking, powder feeding non-smoothness, non-uniformity, poor powder particle acceleration effect and many obtained coating defects are easy to occur. Meanwhile, as the powder feeding channel is smaller in size, the cladding nozzle is higher in processing requirement, the processing difficulty is high, and the rejection rate is higher in the manufacturing process, so that the manufacturing cost is increased; in addition, in the use process, the powder blocking phenomenon is easy to occur, the powder feeding channel is difficult to disassemble, assemble, inspect and clean, the abrasion of the powder feeding channel is serious in the use process, once the powder feeding channel is broken, the manufacturing spray head needs to be replaced again, the resources are wasted, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the multi-shaft ultrahigh-speed laser cladding spray head, which is detachable, is convenient for cleaning and checking the spray head and is also convenient for quickly replacing worn or damaged parts in the spray head.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head comprises a first module, a second module and a third module, wherein the first module, the second module and the third module are all revolution bodies, the second module and the third module are coaxially arranged, the lower end of the second module is detachably connected with the upper end of the third module, the upper end of the second module is detachably connected with a plurality of first modules, and the first modules are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the second module; the upper end of the second module is provided with a connector at the axial center of the second module, the connector, the second module and the third module are provided with laser light path channels at the axial center, the connector is sleeved with a connector capable of adjusting the position up and down, and the connector is used for being connected with a laser light path system; powder feeding channels are formed in the axle center of the first module, the axle center of the second module and the axle center of the third module, the powder feeding channels in the first module, the axle center of the second module and the axle center of the third module form a Laval powder feeding channel, the axle of all the Laval powder feeding channels form a preset included angle with the axle center of the second module, and the axle center of all the Laval powder feeding channels and the axle center of the laser light path channel intersect at one point below the third module; the second module is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, a cooling water channel is arranged in the second module, and two ends of the cooling water channel are respectively communicated with the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet.
Preferably, the connector is of a cylindrical structure and sleeved on the connector, the side wall of the connector is connected with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, and the adjusting bolt penetrates through the side wall of the connector.
Preferably, the connector is provided with a protective gas inlet which is communicated with the laser light path channel.
Preferably, one end of the first module is provided with a first threaded hole at the axis of the first module, the upper end of the powder feeding channel on the second module is provided with a hollow first external thread section matched with the first threaded hole, and the first module is in threaded connection with the second module through the first threaded hole and the first external thread section.
Preferably, the powder feeding channel in the first module is a contracted section of the Laval powder feeding channel, the inner cavity of the first external thread section is a throat part of the Laval powder feeding channel, and the powder feeding channel in the third module is an expanded section of the Laval powder feeding channel.
Preferably, the axis of the lower end of the second module is provided with a second external thread section, the second external thread section is of a hollow structure, the inner cavity of the second external thread section is a laser light path channel, the axis of the upper end of the third module is provided with a second threaded hole, and the second module and the third module are connected through the external thread section and the second threaded hole.
Preferably, the cooling water channel is located in the area between the laser light path channel and the Laval powder feeding channel.
Preferably, the upper end surface of the second module is a convex conical surface, the lower end surface of the second module is a plane, and the side surface of the second module is an end conical surface; the third module is of a round platform structure, and the upper end face of the third module is a plane.
Preferably, the axes of all the Laval powder feeding channels and the axes of the laser light path channels intersect at the vertex of the corresponding cone of the third module.
Preferably, the lower end surface of the third module is an inner concave surface, and the laser light path channel and the lower ports of all the Laval powder feeding channels are positioned on the inner concave surface.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the first module and the second module of the multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head are detachably connected, the second module and the third module are detachably connected, the connector, the second module and the third module are provided with laser light path channels at the axle center positions, the axle center of the first module, the second module and the third module are provided with powder feeding channels, and the powder feeding channels in the first module, the second module and the third module form a Laval powder feeding channel, so that the first module, the second module and the third module of the multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head can be detached at will, the spray head is convenient to clean and check, and the worn or damaged parts in the spray head can be replaced quickly. Meanwhile, the Laval powder feeding channel is arranged, so that powder feeding is uniform and smooth, powder blocking is avoided, the powder particle accelerating effect is obvious, the powder particles can be subjected to ultrahigh acceleration, ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is realized, and a high-quality coating which is free of air holes, high in surface smoothness, good in binding force and thick in deposited coating is obtained. The connector capable of adjusting the position up and down is sleeved on the connector, so that the up and down mounting distance of the multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head can be adjusted; the water cooling structure can cool the whole spray head, particularly the second module, by utilizing the cooling water inlet, the cooling water outlet and the cooling water channel, so that overheating is prevented in the use process.
Further, the connector is of a cylindrical structure, the side wall is connected with an adjusting bolt in a threaded mode, and the connector is simple in structure and convenient to adjust.
Further, the connector is provided with a protective gas inlet which is communicated with the laser light path channel, and protective gas can be introduced into the laser light path channel by utilizing the protector inlet, so that the laser lens can be protected.
Further, the first module is connected with the second module through the first threaded hole and the first external thread section in a threaded mode, so that the first module and the second module are connected in a disassembling mode more quickly and conveniently, and the processing is facilitated.
Further, the second module and the third module are connected through the external thread section and the second threaded hole, and the second module and the third module are detached and connected more quickly and conveniently in a threaded connection mode, so that the processing is facilitated.
Further, the cooling water channel is located in the area between the laser light path channel and the Laval powder feeding channel, so that the heating area of the whole spray head can be effectively cooled, and the using effect and the service life of the spray head are guaranteed.
Further, the upper end face of the second module is a convex conical surface, so that the structural design of the first module and the second module in detachable connection is facilitated, the lower end face of the second module is a plane, the third module is in a circular truncated cone structure, and the upper end face of the third module is a plane, so that the lower end face of the second module is tightly attached to the upper end face of the third module, and the powder feeding effect is ensured; and the side of the second module is a conical surface at one end, so that the whole structure formed by connecting the second module and the third module is more attractive.
Furthermore, the axes of all the Laval powder feeding channels and the axes of the laser light path channels intersect at the vertex of the corresponding cone of the third module, so that the distance between the contact point of laser and powder and the third module is moderate, the ablation on the lower end face of the third module is serious due to too close distance, and the heat and the kinetic energy loss of the powder are more and are unfavorable for deposition due to too far distance.
Further, the lower end face of the third module is an inner concave face, the lower ports of the laser light path channel and all the Laval powder feeding channels are all located on the inner concave face, powder is conveniently bundled by the aid of the inner concave face, and powder fed out from the powder feeding pipeline can be prevented from scattering at the outlet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the overall morphology of a multi-axis ultra-high speed laser cladding nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a topographical view of a second module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the appearance of a cooling channel of the multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding nozzle;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a first module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a topographical view of a second module of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a second module of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a third module of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a Lafael powder feeding channel according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a microstructure of a conventional laser cladding coating;
FIG. 10 is a coating microstructure obtained using the multi-axis ultra-high speed laser cladding nozzle of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a laser light path channel; 1-1, a connector; 2. an adjusting bolt; 3. a shielding gas inlet; 4. a first module; 5. a cooling water inlet; 6. a connector; 7. a first powder feeding channel; 8. a second powder feeding channel; 9. a third powder feeding channel; 10. a second module; 11. a second external thread segment; 12. a third module; 13. an expansion section; 14. a convergence point; 15. a constriction section; 16. a first external thread segment; 17. an expansion section; 18. a cooling water outlet; 19. a second threaded hole; 20. a cooling water crossing point; 21. a first threaded hole; 22. and a cooling water passage.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will provide those skilled in the art with a more clear understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the multi-axis ultra-high speed laser cladding nozzle comprises a first module 4, a second module 10 and a third module 12, wherein the first module 4, the second module 10 and the third module 12 are all revolving bodies, the second module 10 and the third module 12 are coaxially arranged, the lower end of the second module 10 is detachably connected with the upper end of the third module 12, the upper end of the second module 10 is detachably connected with a plurality of first modules 4, and the first modules 4 are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the second module 10; the upper end of the second module 10 is provided with a connector 6 at the axial center position, the connector 6, the second module 10 and the third module 12 are provided with a laser light path channel 1 at the axial center position, the connector 6 is sleeved with a connector 1-1 capable of adjusting the position up and down, and the connector 1-1 is used for being connected with a laser light path system; powder feeding channels are respectively formed in the axle center of the first module 4, the second module 10 and the third module 12, the powder feeding channels in the first module 4, the second module 10 and the third module 12 form a Laval powder feeding channel, the axes of all the Laval powder feeding channels form a preset included angle with the axes of the two modules 10, and the axes of all the Laval powder feeding channels and the axes of the laser light path channel 1 intersect at one point below the third module 12; the second module 10 is provided with a cooling water inlet 5 and a cooling water outlet 18, a cooling water channel 22 is arranged in the second module 10, and two ends of the cooling water channel are respectively communicated with the cooling water inlet 5 and the cooling water outlet 18.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, 5 and 6, the connector 1-1 is of a cylindrical structure and is sleeved on the connector head 6, an adjusting bolt 2 is screwed on the side wall of the connector 1-1, and the adjusting bolt 2 penetrates through the side wall of the connector 1-1.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 5, a shielding gas inlet 3 is provided on the connector 1-1, and the shielding gas inlet 3 communicates with the laser optical path channel 1.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 6, one end of the first module 4 is provided with a first threaded hole 21 at the axis of the first module 4, and the second module 10 is provided with a hollow first external threaded section 16 adapted to the first threaded hole 21 at the upper end of the powder feeding channel, and the first module 4 is in threaded connection with the second module 10 through the first threaded hole 21 and the first external threaded section 16.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, 4, and 6-8, the powder feeding channel in the first module 4 is a constriction 15 of the lafael powder feeding channel, the inner cavity of the first external thread section 16 is the throat of the lafael powder feeding channel, and the powder feeding channel in the third module 12 is an expansion of the lafael powder feeding channel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 5-7, a second external thread section 11 is provided at the axis of the lower end of the second module 10, the second external thread section 11 is of a hollow structure, the inner cavity of the second external thread section 11 is a laser light path channel, a second threaded hole 19 is provided at the axis of the upper end of the third module 12, and the second module 10 and the third module 12 are connected through the external thread section 11 and the second threaded hole 19.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 6, the cooling water channel 22 is located in the region between the laser optical path channel 1 and the raval powder feeding channel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7, the upper end surface of the second module 10 is a convex conical surface, the lower end surface of the second module 10 is a plane, and the side surface of the second module 10 is an end conical surface; the third module 12 has a truncated cone structure, and the upper end surface of the third module 12 is a plane.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7, the axes of all the rahal powder feeding channels intersect the axis of the laser light path channel 1 at the apex of the corresponding cone of the third module 12.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7, the lower end surface of the third module 12 is an inner concave surface, and the lower ports of the laser optical path channel 1 and all the rahal powder feeding channels are located on the inner concave surface.
The specific steps of using the multi-shaft ultra-high-speed laser cladding nozzle to carry out laser cladding comprise:
(1) Checking whether a laser generator, a cold water machine, a powder feeder and an optical path system are normal or not;
(2) Assembling all parts of the multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head, and then installing the whole spray nozzle on an optical path system and adjusting the fixed position;
(3) Polishing the surface of a substrate of a workpiece to be processed by sand paper, then cleaning the substrate by alcohol, and fixing the substrate on a workbench;
(4) Selecting proper metal powder as ultra-high-speed laser cladding material powder, and assembling the powder in a specified powder feeder container after drying;
(5) Adjusting the power of laser output by the laser generator to 0.3-5Kw, and adjusting the beam spot diameter of the optical path system to 0.5-5mm;
(6) The distance between the workpiece to be processed and the laser nozzle is adjusted to be 5-30mm;
(7) Adjusting the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder according to the requirement;
(8) The powder feeding speed is adjusted to be 5-300m/s according to the requirement;
(9) Opening the water chiller and starting a water cooling system;
(10) Starting a powder feeder, feeding laser cladding powder to an inlet (namely an upper port) of a first module 4 through a powder feeding pipe, contracting through a contraction section, reaching a throat, carrying out ultrahigh acceleration on an expansion section through the throat, converging the powder with a laser beam emitted by a laser cavity by 0.1-10mm above the surface of a substrate to form a laser powder converging point, forming a molten pool on the surface of a workpiece substrate to be processed under the action of laser energy, and rapidly cooling to form a deposition layer or a block material;
(11) And after the laser deposition is finished, closing all the equipment, taking down the machined part, and carrying out post-machining.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is merely illustrative, and the technical solution of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any known modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the main technical concept of the present invention are included in the technical scope of the present invention, and the specific scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
1. In the embodiment, laser cladding is carried out on a surface matrix of a piston rod of a hydraulic support cylinder of a coal mine, the diameter of the piston rod is 70mm, the length of a cladding area is 60mm, and the piston rod is made of 27SiMn. Polishing the surface of the piston rod by sand paper, then cleaning by alcohol, and fixing on a lathe;
2. in the embodiment, the laser generator adopts a 2000W optical fiber output semiconductor laser of the Wuhan Ruike fiber laser technology Co., ltd, the laser power is set to be 1800W, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the optical path system is regulated to enable the spot size formed by the laser beam on the surface of the piston rod to be phi 3mm;
3. selecting imported iron-based laser cladding powder with 100-300 meshes, and placing the powder into a container of a powder feeder;
4. adjusting the laser beam to enable the laser beam to be perpendicular to the outer circle surface of the piston rod, enabling the surface distance between the laser nozzle and the piston rod to be 15mm, and adjusting the moving speed range of the laser deposition nozzle to be 25mm/s;
5. the cladding path is set to be left-to-right spiral cladding.
6. Starting a cold water machine, a powder feeder and a laser, starting a set cladding path, and accelerating laser cladding powder to reach an ultra-high speed through a Laval powder feeding channel.
7. And after cladding, the surface wire material of the piston rod is subjected to laser cladding.
According to the scheme of the embodiment, the thickness of the cladding layer obtained on the piston rod is 1.2mm, the obtained cladding layer is smooth and flat, and microscopic structures are observed through cladding layer component measurement and sampling, the cladding layer is compact and defect-free, and a coating interface obtained by a traditional laser cladding nozzle is shown as figure 9, so that obvious cracks exist; the cladding coating obtained by the invention is metallurgically bonded with the substrate, cracks and other defects do not appear at the interface, the bonding is better as shown in figure 10, and the use of the hydraulic support cylinder piston rod is completely satisfied after the processing.
Claims (6)
1. The multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding spray head is characterized by comprising a first module (4), a second module (10) and a third module (12), wherein the first module (4), the second module (10) and the third module (12) are all gyrorotor bodies, the second module (10) and the third module (12) are coaxially arranged, the lower end of the second module (10) is detachably connected with the upper end of the third module (12), a plurality of first modules (4) are detachably connected with the upper end of the second module (10), and the first modules (4) are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the second module (10); the upper end of the second module (10) is provided with a connector (6) at the axial center position, the connector (6), the second module (10) and the third module (12) are provided with a laser light path channel (1) at the axial center position, the connector (6) is sleeved with a connector (1-1) capable of adjusting the position up and down, and the connector (1-1) is used for being connected with a laser light path system; powder feeding channels are formed in the axle center of the first module (4), the second module (10) and the third module (12), the powder feeding channels in the first module (4), the second module (10) and the third module (12) form a Laval powder feeding channel, the axes of all the Laval powder feeding channels form a preset included angle with the axis of the second module (10), and the axes of all the Laval powder feeding channels and the axis of the laser light path channel (1) intersect at one point below the third module (12); a cooling water inlet (5) and a cooling water outlet (18) are formed in the second module (10), a cooling water channel (22) is formed in the second module (10), and two ends of the cooling water channel are respectively communicated with the cooling water inlet (5) and the cooling water outlet (18);
one end of the first module (4) is provided with a first threaded hole (21) at the axle center of the first module (4), the upper end of the powder feeding channel of the second module (10) is provided with a hollow first external threaded section (16) which is matched with the first threaded hole (21), and the first module (4) is in threaded connection with the second module (10) through the first threaded hole (21) and the first external threaded section (16);
the powder feeding channel in the first module (4) is a contraction section (15) of the Laval powder feeding channel, the inner cavity of the first external thread section (16) is the throat part of the Laval powder feeding channel, and the powder feeding channel in the third module (12) is an expansion section of the Laval powder feeding channel;
the third module (12) is in a round table structure, and the upper end surface of the third module (12) is a plane;
the axes of all the Laval powder feeding channels and the axes of the laser light path channels (1) are intersected at the vertex of the corresponding cone of the third module (12);
the lower end face of the third module (12) is an inner concave surface, and the lower ports of the laser light path channel (1) and all the Laval powder feeding channels are positioned on the inner concave surface.
2. The multi-shaft ultra-high-speed laser cladding nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the connector (1-1) is of a cylindrical structure and sleeved on the connector head (6), an adjusting bolt (2) is connected to the side wall of the connector (1-1) in a threaded manner, and the adjusting bolt (2) penetrates through the side wall of the connector (1-1).
3. The multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding nozzle according to claim, wherein the connector (1-1) is provided with a shielding gas inlet (3), and the shielding gas inlet (3) is communicated with the laser light path channel (1).
4. The multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a second external thread section (11) is arranged at the axis of the lower end of the second module (10), the second external thread section (11) is of a hollow structure, the inner cavity of the second external thread section (11) is a laser light path channel, a second threaded hole (19) is arranged at the axis of the upper end of the third module (12), and the second module (10) and the third module (12) are connected through the external thread section (11) and the second threaded hole (19).
5. A multi-axis ultra high speed laser cladding nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the cooling water channel (22) is located in the area between the laser light path channel (1) and the laval powder feed channel.
6. The multi-axis ultra-high-speed laser cladding nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the upper end surface of the second module (10) is a convex conical surface, the lower end surface of the second module (10) is a plane, and the side surface of the second module (10) is an end conical surface.
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| CN111850547B true CN111850547B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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| US5321228A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1994-06-14 | Andreas Krause | Nozzle for the surface treatment of metal workpieces |
| CN2707772Y (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-07-06 | 华南理工大学 | Ring type coaxial laser cladding nozzle |
| CN201823642U (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2011-05-11 | 华东理工大学 | Laser cladding coaxial powder delivery nozzle comprising guide protective air flow |
| CN105290399A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-03 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Powder feeding mechanism |
| CN110144584A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-20 | 沈阳中科煜宸科技有限公司 | A kind of coaxial three beams powder-feeding nozzle |
| CN110331396A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-15 | 包头市三泰激光科技有限公司 | Ring type coaxial powder-feeding laser nozzle |
| CN212476887U (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-02-05 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Detachable multi-shaft ultrahigh-speed laser cladding nozzle |
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2020
- 2020-07-24 CN CN202010724495.8A patent/CN111850547B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5321228A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1994-06-14 | Andreas Krause | Nozzle for the surface treatment of metal workpieces |
| CN2707772Y (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-07-06 | 华南理工大学 | Ring type coaxial laser cladding nozzle |
| CN201823642U (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2011-05-11 | 华东理工大学 | Laser cladding coaxial powder delivery nozzle comprising guide protective air flow |
| CN105290399A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-03 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Powder feeding mechanism |
| CN110144584A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-20 | 沈阳中科煜宸科技有限公司 | A kind of coaxial three beams powder-feeding nozzle |
| CN110331396A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-15 | 包头市三泰激光科技有限公司 | Ring type coaxial powder-feeding laser nozzle |
| CN212476887U (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-02-05 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Detachable multi-shaft ultrahigh-speed laser cladding nozzle |
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|---|---|
| CN111850547A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
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