CN111742835B - Breeding method of black barley - Google Patents
Breeding method of black barley Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742835B CN111742835B CN202010675045.4A CN202010675045A CN111742835B CN 111742835 B CN111742835 B CN 111742835B CN 202010675045 A CN202010675045 A CN 202010675045A CN 111742835 B CN111742835 B CN 111742835B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a black barley breeding method, which comprises the following steps: hybridizing black Tibetan wild barley ZYM0064 serving as a male parent and sweet beer No. 4 serving as a female parent, harvesting seeds to obtain F1 generation, selfing the F1 generation to obtain F2 generation, selecting and marking black single plants when the barley is mature, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing; F3-F5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each single plant of the selected single plants, selecting black single plants from plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing; f6 generation, through multi-generation selfing selection, stable plant line with black seeds and excellent properties is obtained. The invention breeds a new black barley variety with excellent quality by hybridization, and improves the yield of barley.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of barley breeding, in particular to a breeding method of black barley.
Background
Barley is also called mumai, mai and red arm wheat, is similar to the nutritional ingredients of wheat, but has slightly higher cellulose content and is rich in soluble fiber, and cooked barley contains nicotinic acid, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B1, copper, phosphorus and other nutritional elements, can provide necessary nutritional substances for people, has nut fragrance and higher carbohydrate content, has the effects of quenching thirst and removing heat, can also strengthen physical strength and moisten skin, and is beneficial to respiratory system, so the barley gradually becomes indispensable food in daily life of people.
The seeds of the barley are divided into black and yellow, and generally, the black barley contains higher content of protein, fiber and vitamin and is rich in nutrition compared with yellow barley, so that black barley food is very popular in the market in recent years, but the black barley variety applied to production is generally too high in plant height, is not resistant to lodging and is low in yield.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a breeding method of a black barley variety with high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a breeding method of black barley, which breeds a new black barley variety with excellent quality by hybridization and improves the yield of barley.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a breeding method of black barley with excellent quality comprises the following steps:
1) screening the black barley germplasm resources to obtain high-quality black barley germplasm resources, namely black Tibetan wild barley ZYM 0064;
2) hybridizing black Tibetan wild barley ZYM0064 serving as a male parent and sweet beer No. 4 serving as a female parent, and harvesting seeds to obtain F1 generation;
3) selfing the F1 generation to obtain F2 generation, selecting black single plants and marking when the barley is mature, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing;
4) F3-F5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each single plant of the selected single plants, selecting black single plants from plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing;
5) f6 generation, through multi-generation selfing selection, stable plant line with black seeds and excellent properties is obtained.
The sweet beer No. 4 is high-quality high-yield beer barley bred by the agricultural academy of Gansu province, the ZYM0064 is Tibetan wild barley, the grains are black, the disease resistance is strong, and the black barley is dominant to yellow barley, so that the hybrid F1 generation is heterozygous black barley, the F1 generation is selfed to the F6 generation, and the pure and non-character-separated black barley can be screened out.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in the step 1), the screening of the black barley germplasm resources comprises screening of barley growth period, plant height, ear length, ear number, thousand seed weight, plant type, maturity color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the growth period of the barley determines the growth speed of the barley, the plant height determines the lodging resistance of the barley, and the ear length, the grain number per ear, the grain number per thousand and the like determine the yield of the barley, so that the excellent characters can be comprehensively screened by identifying the factors to obtain plants with excellent characters.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in step 1), the black barley germplasm resource is screened to obtain black barley with a growth period of 95-105 days, a plant height of 80-95cm, an ear length of 8-10cm, an ear particle number of not less than 25, an ear number of not less than 3 per plant, a thousand particle weight of not less than 45g, a compact plant type, good color conversion during a maturation period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the female parent is castrated before hybridization, only one ear is castrated for each plant during castration, and other ears are bagged.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), the selection standard of the individual plant with black grains is as follows: the strain is a stable strain with the height of 80-85cm, the length of the strain is 8-10cm, the grain number of the strain is larger than or equal to 25, the tillering rate is 2.2-2.7, the thousand grain weight is larger than or equal to 45g, the strain is compact in size, good in color change during the maturing period, high in uniformity, strong in lodging resistance and strong in disease resistance.
According to the technical scheme, the black barley new variety is bred by adopting distant hybridization (hybridization of local barley and Tibetan wild barley), so that filial generations can be fused with excellent genes of parents, and the quality of the bred barley is improved;
in addition, according to the breeding target, the excellent single plant is selected, the repeated single plant selection for many years is carried out, various characters are screened, the stability of the characters is accelerated, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, and the breeding efficiency of the excellent variety is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A breeding method of black barley comprises the following steps:
1) performing field identification on the agronomic characters and economic characters of the black barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, including the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear grain number, the ear forming number, the thousand grain weight, the plant type, the color change at the mature period, the uniformity, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance of plants, and screening out black Tibetan wild barley ZYM 0064;
2) taking high-quality and high-yield current-cultivated sweet beer No. 4 as a female parent and black Tibetan wild barley ZYM0064 as a male parent, carrying out artificial hybridization, making only 1 spike and more than 6 spikes for each plant during castration, obtaining enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the mature seeds, air-drying and storing, and obtaining the hybrid seeds which are F1 generations;
3) planting the seeds of the F1 generation into the field to obtain plants of the F1 generation, selfing the F1 generation, harvesting seeds of the F2 generation when the seeds are mature, and air-drying and storing;
4) the seeds of the F2 generation are planted in the field to obtain plants of the F2 generation, and 2 rows of various standard varieties are combined before and after the F2 generation. Separating a great amount of characters in the F2 generation, separating the characters into black barley and yellow barley, selecting black single plants for selfing, obtaining seeds of the F3 generation after the black single plants are mature, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and storing the seeds in an air drying way;
5) F3-F5 generations, each plant is sown in 2 rows, and the 2 rows of each standard variety before and after combination. Continuously selecting black individual plants from plant height, ear length, ear grain number, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the individual plants, and air-drying and storing;
6) f6 generations are subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, and stable strains with good agronomic shape, black grains, plant height of 80-85cm, ear length of 8-11cm, ear number of not less than 25 grains, tillering rate of 2.2-2.7, thousand grain weight of not less than 45g, compact strain type, good mature period color conversion, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected;
7) selecting strains with good comprehensive properties and larger increase production amplitude than the reference strains to perform strain comparison tests;
arranging by adopting a space comparison method, planting for three times, adding a control cell every 10 cells, wherein the control variety is sweet beer No. 4, the cell is 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, 0.25m line spacing, 0.25m zone spacing, 0.5m walkway and 3.125m cell area2In 5 rows, sowing 250 seeds in each row, hoeing, ditching and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months, and selecting the strain with good comprehensive properties and larger production increase amplitude compared with the reference strain to perform strain comparison test; the result shows that the yield of the bred variety is increased by 6.5 percent compared with the average reference yield of the test, and the test variety has the first grade;
8) selecting strains with good comprehensive properties, stable properties and a larger increase in yield than the control in a strain comparison test, and participating in a regional test;
the method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is performed for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the spacing of the rows is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding amount is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 500 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a ditching way; the result shows that the yield of the bred variety is increased by 5.4 percent compared with the average reference yield of the test, and the breeding strain has the first grade.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. The breeding method of the black barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) screening the black barley germplasm resources to obtain high-quality black barley germplasm resources, namely black Tibetan wild barley ZYM 0064;
2) hybridizing black Tibetan wild barley ZYM0064 serving as a male parent and sweet beer No. 4 serving as a female parent, and harvesting hybrid seeds to obtain F1 generation;
3) selfing the F1 generation to obtain F2 generation, selecting black single plants and marking when the barley is mature, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing;
4) F3-F5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each single plant of the selected single plants, selecting black single plants from plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing;
5) f6 generation, through multi-generation selfing selection, stable plant line with black seeds and excellent properties is obtained.
2. The method for selectively breeding black barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the female parent is castrated before crossing, and each plant is castrated for only one ear.
3. The breeding method of black barley according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the selection criteria for the individual plants with black kernels are as follows: the plant height is 80-85cm, the ear length is 8-10cm, the ear grain number is more than or equal to 25 grains, the tillering rate is 2.2-2.7, the thousand-grain weight is more than or equal to 45g, the plant type is compact, the color change at the mature period is good, the uniformity is high, the lodging resistance is strong, and the disease resistance is strong.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112369321A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-02-19 | 盐城师范学院 | Breeding method of hybrid black Yuanmai |
| CN114557275B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-01-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of black-grain and mango-grass combined highland barley |
| CN114451296B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-11-04 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of black-grain two-edge highland barley |
| CN114467742B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-01-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of black-grain highland barley |
| CN114431139B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-11-01 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of multi-mango black barley |
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