CN111650282B - Ultrasonic C-scanning detection method and device for triangular tube made of fiber wound composite material - Google Patents
Ultrasonic C-scanning detection method and device for triangular tube made of fiber wound composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic C-scanning detection method and device for a fiber-wound composite triangular tube, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a metal cylinder is arranged in the triangular tube to be detected, and the central axis of the metal cylinder coincides with the central axis of the triangular tube to be detected; the ultrasonic detection equipment sends an ultrasonic signal to the metal cylinder, and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic signal is perpendicular to the central axis of the metal cylinder; the ultrasonic detection device receives and recognizes ultrasonic signals reflected by the metal cylinder. The technical scheme provided by the invention can effectively detect the internal defects of the fiber-wound composite triangular tube and solve the problem that the fiber-wound composite triangular tube cannot be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, in particular to an ultrasonic C-scanning detection method and device for a triangular tube made of fiber-wound composite materials.
Background
Composite material products are widely applied in aerospace industry and the like, the composite material is used as a main bearing member, the internal quality of the composite material directly influences the use reliability and safety of the product, and a nondestructive testing method is required to be adopted for testing the internal quality of the composite material. Currently, ultrasonic C-scan is generally used to detect defects therein.
When the ultrasonic detection method is adopted for detection, ultrasonic waves easily pass through the pipe wall, so that the intensity of reflected wave signals generated by the pipe wall and the intensity of reflected wave signals generated by internal defects are greatly attenuated, the signal intensity and the return time of the two signals are very close, the difference is difficult, and the fiber winding composite triangular pipe cannot be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic C-scan detection method and device for a fiber-wound composite triangular tube, which can effectively detect internal defects of the fiber-wound composite triangular tube and solve the problem that the fiber-wound composite triangular tube cannot be detected.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an ultrasonic C-scan detection method for a triangle tube of a fiber-wound composite material, including:
a metal cylinder is arranged in the triangular tube to be detected, and the central axis of the metal cylinder coincides with the central axis of the triangular tube to be detected;
the ultrasonic detection equipment sends an ultrasonic signal to the metal cylinder, and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic signal is perpendicular to the central axis of the metal cylinder;
the ultrasonic detection device receives and recognizes ultrasonic signals reflected by the metal cylinder.
Further, the outer surface roughness of the metal cylinder is not more than 3.2 microns.
Further, the diameter of the metal cylinder is smaller than the diameter of an inscribed circle of the triangular section of the triangular tube to be detected, and the value range of the difference between the two is [5mm,10mm ].
Further, the metal cylinder and the triangular tube to be detected are immersed in water, and the ultrasonic detection equipment carries out water immersion ultrasonic detection on the triangular tube to be detected.
Further, the probe of the ultrasonic detection device performs circular motion around the triangular tube to be detected according to a preset angular velocity, and sends ultrasonic signals to the triangular tube to be detected according to a preset sending frequency.
Further, the diameter of the circular track corresponding to the circular motion is larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the triangular section of the triangular tube to be detected, and the value range of the difference between the two is [10mm,50mm ].
Further, setting a detection starting point, setting a rotation angle corresponding to the detection starting point to be 0 degree, and setting other rotation angles to be [1, 360] degrees;
and setting the corresponding relation between the rotation angle and the intensity of ultrasonic signals sent by the probe of the ultrasonic detection equipment.
Further, setting standard ultrasonic signal intensity, and characterizing by using amplitude voltage of the standard ultrasonic signal intensity;
according to the rotation angles and the standard ultrasonic signal intensity, the ultrasonic signal intensity corresponding to each rotation angle is set by the following formula, and is characterized by the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity:
wherein θ is used to characterize the rotation angle in degrees; the Y is 0 The amplitude voltage used for representing the standard ultrasonic signal intensity is expressed as V; the Y is 1 And (theta) is used for representing the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity corresponding to each rotation angle, and the unit is V.
Further, according to the rotation angle, the position of the detection point in the triangular tube to be detected is determined by the following formula:
wherein L (θ) is used to represent the position of each detection point on the triangular tube to be detected in a circular motion period, and the unit is mm; r is used for representing the radius of the circumscribed circle of the triangular tube to be detected, and the unit is mm; and theta is used for representing the rotation angle, the unit is degree, and the detection point is the incidence point of the ultrasonic signal on the triangular tube to be detected in the circular motion period.
Second aspect embodiments of the present application provide an ultrasonic C-scan detection device of a fiber wound composite triangular tube, comprising: the device comprises a bracket, a metal cylinder and ultrasonic detection equipment;
the metal cylinder penetrates through the triangular tube to be detected, and the central axis of the metal cylinder coincides with the central axis of the triangular tube to be detected;
the two ends of the metal cylinder are placed on the bracket;
the ultrasonic detection equipment carries out ultrasonic detection around the triangular tube to be detected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides an ultrasonic C-scanning detection method and device for a fiber winding composite triangular tube, which utilize the characteristic that the wall of the triangular tube is thin to enable ultrasonic signals to pass through the wall of the triangular tube to directly penetrate into a metal cylinder in the triangular tube, the central axis of the metal cylinder coincides with the central axis of the triangular tube, the surface of the metal cylinder is smooth enough, the incidence direction of the ultrasonic signals is perpendicular to the central axis of the metal cylinder, the ultrasonic signals can be subjected to specular reflection on the surface of the metal cylinder, and the reflection route coincides with the incidence route. Therefore, after being specularly reflected by the metal cylinder, the ultrasonic signal can pass through the position where the ultrasonic signal enters the wall of the triangular tube again, so that the intensity of the ultrasonic signal can be greatly attenuated again.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sound path of the ultrasonic wave signal is prolonged by utilizing the metal cylinder arranged in the triangular tube, so that the receiving time of the reflected wave signal generated by the internal defect is prolonged, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave signal is attenuated twice, so that the difference between the ultrasonic wave amplitude and the receiving time of the defective area and the non-defective area is further amplified, and the detection sensitivity of the fiber wound composite triangular tube is greatly improved.
2. The invention adopts a water immersion ultrasonic detection mode to detect, the probe is not contacted with the test piece, and the ultrasonic wave is transmitted and received more stably, thereby improving the detection precision; in addition, in water, the surface echo width is narrower than the emission pulse width, so that the detection blind area can be reduced, and the thinner test piece can be detected.
3. According to the principle of circular motion, the invention utilizes the rotation angle of the probe of the ultrasonic detection equipment to represent the incident angle, and adjusts the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity according to the incident angle, so as to ensure that the difference of the reflected wave signals corresponding to each incident angle is in an error range, thereby eliminating the influence of the incident angle on the reflected wave signals.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ultrasonic C-scan detection method for a fiber-wound composite triangular tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a test provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another test provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-position 1; 2-position 2; 3-position 3.
A-A; at B-B; C-C.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultrasonic C-scan detection method for a fiber-wound composite triangular tube, which comprises the following steps of:
and 101, arranging a metal cylinder in the triangular tube to be detected.
In the embodiment of the invention, the central axis of the metal cylinder coincides with the central axis of the triangular tube to be detected. Because the internal structure of each surface of the triangular tube is required during testing, the cylindrical body is used to ensure that the sound path is the same no matter from which angle the test is performed, so that the receiving time of reflected wave signals generated by internal defects of each test angle is the same, and the subsequent data processing such as error data elimination, data grouping and the like is convenient. The performance of reflecting ultrasonic waves by using metal materials is generally superior to other materials. It should be noted that, the metal materials used in the embodiments of the present invention include: stainless steel, aluminum, etc.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to secure the capability of the metal cylinder to reflect ultrasonic waves, it is required that the roughness of the outer surface thereof is not more than 3.2 μm. If the roughness of the outer surface of the metal cylinder is below 3.2 microns, the surface of the metal cylinder can be subjected to total reflection, so that ultrasonic waves are remarkably attenuated. In the embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic signal passes through the wall of the triangular tube twice, so that the attenuation degree is great, and the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal needs to be reduced in the reflection link of the metal cylinder so as to be beneficial to detecting the reflected wave signal generated by the internal defect.
In the embodiment of the invention, the receiving time of the reflected wave signal generated by the pipe wall and the receiving time of the reflected wave signal generated by the internal defect are distinguished, and the sound path of the ultrasonic wave needs to be ensured to be long enough. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave attenuation is prevented from being excessively large due to the excessively long sound path, the ultrasonic wave is prevented from directly bypassing the metal cylinder, the diameter of the metal cylinder is smaller than the diameter of an inscribed circle of the triangular section of the triangular tube to be detected, and the value range of the difference between the two is [5mm,10mm ].
In the embodiment of the invention, the propagation direction of the ultrasonic signal is mutually perpendicular to the central axis of the metal cylinder so as to ensure that the ultrasonic wave can return along the original path, thereby passing through the detection area twice so as to improve the detection precision.
In the embodiment of the invention, the reflected wave signal generated by the internal defect is attenuated twice, so that detection is needed by adopting a water immersion ultrasonic detection mode. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the probe is not contacted with the test piece, and the ultrasonic wave is transmitted and received more stably, so that the detection precision is improved.
2. In water, the surface echo width is narrower than the emission pulse width, so that the detection blind area can be reduced, and the detection of a thinner test piece is facilitated, while the fiber-wound composite triangular tube in the embodiment of the invention belongs to the type with thinner wall thickness, so that the water immersion method is very suitable for the embodiment of the invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to comprehensively detect the triangular tube, a probe of the ultrasonic detection equipment needs to do circular motion around the triangular tube to be detected according to a certain angular speed, and an ultrasonic signal is sent to the triangular tube to be detected according to a preset sending frequency. For example, the transmit frequency probe transmits an ultrasonic signal to the triangular tube once every 1 degree turn.
During the circular motion of the probe around the triangular tube, the corresponding sound path of the ultrasonic signal is different when the ultrasonic signal passes through the wall of the triangular tube due to the different incident angles. As shown in fig. 2, when the ultrasonic signal is incident from the position 2, the sound path of the ultrasonic signal in the triangular tube wall is the wall thickness, and when the ultrasonic signal is incident from the position 3, the sound path of the ultrasonic signal in the triangular tube wall is obviously larger than the wall thickness, so that the reflected wave signals corresponding to different incident angles are different. This means that when detecting internal defects of the triangular tube, the reflected wave signals generated by the internal defects cannot be identified according to the single variable principle, because the reflected wave signals caused by different incident angles and the internal defects change, that is, the reflected wave signals caused by different incident angles interfere with the detection result. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the ultrasonic C-scan image is affected by the change of reflected wave signals caused by different incident angles.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the embodiment of the present application, according to the principle of circular motion, the rotation angle of the probe of the ultrasonic detection device is used to represent the incident angle, and the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity is adjusted according to the incident angle, so as to ensure that the difference of the reflected wave signals corresponding to each incident angle is within the error range, thereby eliminating the influence of the incident angle on the reflected wave signals. The specific process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the setting position 1 is the initial position of the probe of the ultrasonic detection device, and the rotation angle corresponding to the detection initial point is set to 0 degree, and the other rotation angles are [1, 360]]Degree. Thus, in the process of circular motion, the angle theta of rotation of the probe can be used for representing the corresponding incident angle. For example, when θ is 60 degrees, 180 degrees, and 300 degrees, the incident angle of 90 degrees can be characterized. At this time, the sound path of the ultrasonic signal at the wall of the triangular tube is minimum. In the embodiment of the invention, the corresponding ultrasonic signal intensity when θ is 60 degrees is taken as the standard ultrasonic signal intensity, and the amplitude voltage is recorded as Y 0 . The ultrasonic signal intensities corresponding to other rotation angles are all revised by referring to the standard ultrasonic signal intensity, and the amplitude voltage is recorded as Y 1 (θ). The specific formula is as follows:
wherein θ is used to characterize the rotation angle in degrees; y is Y 0 The amplitude voltage used for representing the standard ultrasonic signal intensity is expressed as V; y is Y 1 And (theta) is used for representing the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity corresponding to each rotation angle, and the unit is V.
After the probe completes one period of circular motion, the probe moves along the length direction of the triangular tube according to a preset step length, then the probe performs one period of circular motion, and then the process is repeated until the detection of the whole triangular tube is completed. As shown in fig. 3, the probe returns to the position a after completing one cycle of circular motion at the position a. According to the preset step length, the probe translates from the position A to the position B, the position B starts the next period, and the process is repeated until the last circular movement is completed at the position C, and the detection is finished.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, in the scanning process of the probe along the scanning path, besides the reflection signals of the composite materials at the angles of the probe around 60 degrees, 180 degrees and 300 degrees, the reflection signals of the metal rods are only at other angles, so that compared with other immersed ultrasound, the influence of interface waves is reduced, and the detection reliability is improved.
When the standard ultrasonic signal intensity is set, the probe is rotated 60 degrees clockwise from the scanning start point, the sound beam direction is perpendicular to the triangular pipe wall, and the dB value of the ultrasonic instrument is adjusted to enable the amplitude of the reflected wave of the metal rod on the screen of the ultrasonic instrument to be 80%. During the test, 1 ultrasonic signal is acquired at each angular interval, typically 1 degree.
In addition, as the triangular tube interface is triangular, the distance between the probe and the triangular tube needs to be reasonably controlled in the process of circular motion of the probe, so that clear and effective signals can be received, and the probe is prevented from colliding with three edges of the triangular tube. In view of this, in the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the circular track corresponding to the circular motion is larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the triangular section of the triangular tube, and the value range of the difference between the two is [10mm,50mm ].
In the embodiment of the invention, after receiving and identifying the ultrasonic signals reflected by the metal cylinder, the ultrasonic detection equipment converts the corresponding voltage amplitude of each rotation angle into RGB (Red-Green-Blue) values. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
c (θ) is used to characterize RGB values corresponding to different angles, V max The unit is V, which is used for representing the corresponding voltage when the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal is 100%;Y 1 and (theta) is used for representing the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity corresponding to each rotation angle, and the unit is V.
In the embodiment of the invention, the defect is usually a region rather than a point, so the ultrasonic detection device needs to draw a region in C-scan imaging, and the region can show the shape of the defect and the position of the defect in the triangular tube. In step 102, only the rotation angle of the probe can be known, but the specific position of the defect in the triangular tube is not known by the rotation angle alone, and the ultrasonic detection device cannot display the image of the defect through C-scanning, so in the embodiment of the present invention, when the defect of the triangular tube is analyzed, the specific position of the position of each detection point on the triangular tube to be detected in a circular motion period is also analyzed, and the specific position of the defect in the triangular tube is determined according to the position of each detection point, wherein the detection point is the incident point of the ultrasonic signal in the triangular tube to be detected in the circular motion period. Specifically, according to the radius of the circumscribed circle of the triangular tube and the rotation angle of the probe, the position of the detection point in the triangular tube to be detected is determined by the following formula:
wherein L (theta) is used for representing the positions of detection points on the triangular tube to be detected in a circular motion period, and the unit is mm; r is used for representing the radius of an external circle of the triangular tube to be detected, and the unit is mm; θ is used to characterize the rotation angle in degrees. It should be noted that the value of L (θ) is only used to represent a specific position, and there is no actual physical meaning, for example, when θ=0°, L (θ) =0 represents that the detection point is position 1 in fig. 2, and when θ=60°,
the characterization detection point is position 2 in fig. 2, at θ= (0 °,60 °)>
Characterizing position 3 in fig. 2. Other various segment functionsAnd so on, wherein each segment of the function endpoint value characterizes the detection point as the endpoint of the triangle in fig. 2 or the midpoint of each side of the triangle.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultrasonic C-scan detection device of a fiber wound composite triangular tube, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a bracket, a metal cylinder and ultrasonic detection equipment;
the metal cylinder passes through the triangular tube to be detected, and the central axis of the metal cylinder coincides with the central axis of the triangular tube to be detected. The two ends of the metal cylinder are placed on the support, and ultrasonic detection equipment carries out ultrasonic detection around the triangular tube to be detected.
In order to better illustrate the technical effects of the invention, according to the method described in the above embodiment, ultrasonic C-scan detection is performed on a carbon fiber resin matrix composite triangular tube (lamination defects of phi 4mm, phi 6mm and phi 9mm are preset at the middle thickness and respectively correspond to defect numbers 1, 2 and 3) prepared by a winding process with the thickness of 1mm and the side length of the cross section of 60mm, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The actual value is the area of the preset defect, the unit is square millimeter, the measured value is the area of the defect measured by the ultrasonic C-scan detection device, and the unit is square millimeter. As can be seen from the data in the table, the error of the defect area shown in the ultrasonic C-scan image compared with the actual value of the defect area is within 5%, which is far lower than the error standard common in the technical field.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An ultrasonic C-scan detection method for a triangle tube of fiber-wound composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a metal cylinder is arranged in the triangular tube to be detected, and the central axis of the metal cylinder coincides with the central axis of the triangular tube to be detected;
the ultrasonic detection equipment sends an ultrasonic signal to the metal cylinder, and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic signal is perpendicular to the central axis of the metal cylinder;
the ultrasonic detection device receives and recognizes ultrasonic signals reflected by the metal cylinder,
wherein, ultrasonic detection equipment sends ultrasonic signal to the metal cylinder, includes: the probe of the ultrasonic detection equipment performs circular motion around the triangular tube to be detected according to a preset angular velocity, and sends ultrasonic signals to the triangular tube to be detected according to a preset sending frequency,
wherein, before the ultrasonic detection device sends an ultrasonic signal to the metal cylinder, the method further comprises: setting a detection starting point, setting a rotation angle corresponding to the detection starting point to be 0 degree, and setting other rotation angles to be [1, 360] degrees; setting the corresponding relation between the rotation angle and the intensity of ultrasonic signals sent by a probe of the ultrasonic detection equipment,
wherein, the setting the corresponding relation between the rotation angle and the ultrasonic signal intensity sent by the probe of the ultrasonic detection device comprises: setting standard ultrasonic signal intensity, taking the corresponding ultrasonic signal intensity when the rotation angle is 60 degrees as the standard ultrasonic signal intensity, and representing by using the amplitude voltage of the standard ultrasonic signal intensity; according to the rotation angle and the standard ultrasonic signal intensity, the ultrasonic signal intensity corresponding to each rotation angle is set through the following formula, and the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity is used for representing the ultrasonic signal intensity:
wherein θ is used to characterize the rotation angle in degrees; the Y is 0 The amplitude voltage used for representing the standard ultrasonic signal intensity is expressed as V; the Y is 1 (theta) is used for representing the amplitude voltage of the ultrasonic signal intensity corresponding to each rotation angle, the unit is V,
the ultrasonic C-scan detection method of the fiber wound composite triangular tube further comprises the following steps: according to the rotation angle, determining the position of the detection point in the triangular tube to be detected through the following formula:
wherein L (θ) is used to represent the position of each detection point on the triangular tube to be detected in a circular motion period, and the unit is mm; r is used for representing the radius of the circumscribed circle of the triangular tube to be detected, and the unit is mm; and theta is used for representing the rotation angle, the unit is degree, and the detection point is the incidence point of the ultrasonic signal on the triangular tube to be detected in the circular motion period.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
the roughness of the outer surface of the metal cylinder is not more than 3.2 microns.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
the diameter of the metal cylinder is smaller than the diameter of an inscribed circle of the triangular section of the triangular tube to be detected, and the value range of the difference between the two is [5mm,10mm ].
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
the metal cylinder and the triangular tube to be detected are immersed in water, and the ultrasonic detection equipment carries out water immersion ultrasonic detection on the triangular tube to be detected.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
the diameter of the circular track corresponding to the circular motion is larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the triangular section of the triangular tube to be detected, and the value range of the difference between the two is 10mm and 50 mm.
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