CN111193780A - Modularized Internet of things platform data transmission system - Google Patents
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- CN111193780A CN111193780A CN201911302471.7A CN201911302471A CN111193780A CN 111193780 A CN111193780 A CN 111193780A CN 201911302471 A CN201911302471 A CN 201911302471A CN 111193780 A CN111193780 A CN 111193780A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/55—Push-based network services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a modular Internet of things platform data transmission system. A splitting strategy is adopted for the problems faced by the Internet of things management platform, data transmission channels are classified according to the characteristics of transmission frequency, data volume size and the like of uplink data and downlink data in the scene of the ubiquitous power Internet of things, and corresponding solutions are provided for different classifications. Each scheme is designed into an independent and separately deployable component, and meanwhile, measures for dealing with access and transmission safety of mass equipment and related solution of system disaster tolerance are provided. The implementation components of each scheme have good horizontal expansion capability, can be flexibly assembled based on requirements during application deployment, and realize uniform access and data transmission of mass equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of equipment access, data acquisition and transmission under the background of a ubiquitous power Internet of things, and particularly relates to a modular data transmission scheme for classifying data transmission channels according to the transmission frequency, the data volume size and other characteristics of uplink data and downlink data in a ubiquitous power Internet of things scene.
Background
The ubiquitous power internet of things is a specific application form of the internet of things in the power field, and the ubiquitous power internet of things realizes effective information sensing and acquisition in a power system through an intelligent sensing and communication device, performs reliable information transmission through a wireless or wired network, intelligently processes sensed and acquired information, and realizes a network for automatic information interaction and processing. In a ubiquitous power Internet of things system architecture, a comprehensive state sensing and unified management of a super-large-scale power intelligent terminal are mainly supported by an Internet of things management platform. The internet of things management platform will face the following problems in terms of device access and data transmission: 1) the number of access devices is huge, the data acquisition scale can reach tens of millions or even hundreds of millions, and huge performance pressure is brought when the data are collected to an internet of things management platform. 2) The differences of the transmission protocol, the data size, the transmission frequency and the like of the terminal equipment are large, and the data processing complexity of the Internet of things management platform is increased.
The traditional data acquisition of the power system mainly has two modes: 1) the real-time acquisition mode represented by a dispatching/power distribution automatic system transmits data between a main station and a communication terminal through long TCP connection, and has the characteristics of small single-time transmission data volume, high transmission frequency, low delay and uniform data volume distribution in a normal state. 2) The power utilization information acquisition system is used as a representative quasi-real-time acquisition mode, data acquisition is realized by executing tasks at regular time, and the power utilization information acquisition system has obvious periodic peak characteristics and low acquisition timeliness.
Both the two data transmission modes do not support file transmission, and the system adopts a main and standby disaster recovery mode, so that the system is difficult to horizontally expand to meet the requirements of quick, continuous and reliable acquisition of real-time data and transmission of large-capacity data (such as files and the like) under the access scene of a mass of terminals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a transmission channel classification-based modular data transmission system, which classifies data transmission channels according to the transmission frequency, the size and other characteristics of uplink data and downlink data in the scene of the ubiquitous power Internet of things and provides corresponding solutions for different classifications. Each scheme is designed into an independent and separately deployable component, and meanwhile, measures for dealing with access and transmission safety of mass equipment and related solution of system disaster tolerance are provided. In an actual application scene, all components can be flexibly assembled according to the transmission characteristics of the equipment, and the uniform access and data transmission of mass equipment are realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a data transmission system of a modular Internet of things platform comprises a command sending module, a message transmission module and a file sharing module, wherein the command sending module, the message transmission module and the file sharing module are arranged in a platform layer Internet of things management platform and are used for data transmission;
the command sending module comprises a command management submodule and a pushing submodule;
the command management submodule is used for storing real-time and historical commands of all the devices and providing an access interface for the outside;
the pushing submodule is used for bearing massive equipment access and real-time pushing of commands;
the message transmission module comprises a low-frequency message receiving module and a high-frequency message receiving module, and the low-frequency message and the high-frequency message which are used for transmitting the reported data and are divided into according to the frequency are respectively transmitted;
the file sharing module comprises a file transmission service and file storage node sub-module;
the file transmission service sub-module provides file uploading and downloading based on an HTTPS protocol;
the file storage node submodule is used for interfacing with a plurality of open-source distributed file storage systems.
Further, the push submodule includes two submodules, BrokerProxy and MqttBroker:
the BrokerProxy submodule is used for managing the MqttBroker submodule;
the MqttBroker submodule employs the MQTT protocol and maintains long connections with a set of edge proxies/direct-connected devices.
Further, the message transmission module comprises a high-frequency message receiving module and a low-frequency message receiving module.
Further, the high-frequency message receiving module comprises a DataRepeater submodule and a BrokerProxy submodule and an MqttBroker submodule in the multiplexing command sending module;
the BrokerProxy submodule is used for managing and pre-distributing MqttBroker instances;
the MqttBroker submodule is used for receiving data from the edge proxy/direct connection device;
the DataRepeater submodule and the MqttBroker submodule are paired and deployed to form a deployment unit for receiving and forwarding data, and the deployment unit is responsible for receiving and forwarding the data of a group of edge proxy/direct connection equipment.
Further, according to the characteristics of the data transmitted by the equipment, the data to be transmitted is divided into four types, namely a command, a low-frequency message, a high-frequency message, a file and bulk data.
Further, the characteristics of the device transmitting data include connection characteristics, data size, and transmission frequency.
Further, the command is transmitted by adopting an MQTT protocol based on TCP long connection aiming at data sent to the equipment end by the Internet of things management platform.
Further, the low-frequency message is transmitted through an HTTPS/COAP non-long connection protocol according to data received by the IOT management platform from the equipment terminal.
Further, the high-frequency message is transmitted by an MQTT protocol of TCP long connection aiming at data received by the Internet of things management platform from the equipment terminal.
Further, when the file is transmitted with the large block data, the large block data is firstly saved into the file and then transmitted in a file mode; and the file transmission completes uploading and downloading through the HTTPS by using the file sharing module, and completes file meta-information transmission by combining a command/message transmission channel.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problems faced by an internet of things management platform, the invention provides a modularized internet of things platform data transmission system, which classifies equipment according to the characteristics of data length, transmission frequency, transmission direction and the like, and designs solutions respectively; the implementation components of each scheme have good horizontal expansion capability, and can be flexibly assembled based on requirements during application deployment so as to support the scale of tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of data acquisition and provide basic guarantee for 'one source of data'.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system architecture and system hierarchy diagram;
FIG. 2 is a push sub-module architecture diagram;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a low frequency message receiving module;
FIG. 4 is a high frequency message receiving architecture diagram;
FIG. 5 File sharing Module architecture diagram
Fig. 6 shows the transmission relationship between the terminal and each module described in the scheme.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
1. System architecture implementation
The ubiquitous power internet of things architecture adopts a layered system, namely a perception layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer, as shown in fig. 1.
1) The perception layer comprises an inter-connection device, an edge proxy and a direct connection device.
2) The network layer refers to a communication network between the Internet of things management platform and the edge agent/direct connection device, and generally adopts an HTTPS/MQTT protocol or a COAP/MQTT protocol.
3) The application layer comprises business applications such as power distribution automation, electric power transaction, marketing and distribution communication and the like.
4) The platform layer is composed of a business center platform, a data center platform and an internet of things management platform, wherein the internet of things management platform is responsible for management, data transmission and processing of mass equipment and mainly comprises modules of equipment management, application management, shadow management, data transmission and the like.
2. Module combination relation determination mechanism
Referring to fig. 6, when an edge proxy/direct connection terminal needs to receive a control command of a platform and needs to transmit a message and a file at high frequency, the initialization process is as follows:
1) sending a request to an equipment management module through an initialization channel, wherein the request parameter carries the transmission requirement of the equipment: command transmission, high-frequency message transmission and file transmission.
2) The device management module allocates information such as process IP address, port and service type of the required service for the device according to the request of the device.
3) And the edge proxy/direct connection terminal receives and stores the distributed service instance information, and then establishes TCP long connection with the distributed command sending and high-frequency message transmission service process.
The system classifies the ubiquitous power Internet of things data:
according to the characteristics of the connection characteristic, the data size, the transmission frequency and the like of the data transmitted by the equipment, the data to be transmitted are divided into four types:
command:
mainly aiming at data sent to a device end by an internet of things management platform, the method has the characteristics of small data length, high instantaneity and high safety, and generally adopts a TCP long connection-based MQTT protocol for transmission.
Low-frequency message:
the method mainly aims at data received by an Internet of things management platform from a device end, and is characterized in that the data length of each transmission is small, the data transmission frequency is low, the data are mainly transmitted through non-long connection protocols such as HTTPS/COAP and the like, and the data are generally in a scene of using direct connection devices such as an intelligent terminal.
High-frequency message:
the method mainly aims at data received by an Internet of things management platform from a device side, and is characterized in that the data transmission length is small but the data transmission frequency is high, the data are mainly transmitted through an MQTT protocol of TCP long connection and generally exist in an edge-end cooperation scene.
File and chunk data:
when the large block data is transmitted, the large block data is firstly saved into a file and then transmitted in a file mode; file transmission needs to be completed by uploading and downloading through HTTPS by means of file sharing service, and file meta-information transmission is completed by combining a command/message transmission channel.
3. Design realization of command sending module
The command sending module needs to meet the requirements of safe, reliable and quick transmission when the mass equipment is accessed, and comprises two sub-modules of command management and pushing. The command management submodule is responsible for storing real-time and historical commands of all equipment and providing an REST-style access interface for the outside, the service is stateless and supports dynamic horizontal expansion to meet access requests of mass equipment; the push submodule is a core of the command sending module, is shown in fig. 2, is a basis for bearing mass device access and real-time push of commands, and comprises a BrokerProxy part and an MqttBroker part: the Brokerproxy is responsible for managing MqttBroker, is stateless and can dynamically expand according to the request pressure; MqttBroker implements the MQTT protocol and maintains long connections with a set of edge proxies/direct-connected devices. The Brokerproxy and the MqttBroker support the access of a million-level long connection in a pre-distribution and two-level load balancing mode, the Brokerproxy is stateless, supports horizontal expansion, realizes first-level load balancing, and the MqttBroker realizes second-level load balancing: when the device sends an initialization request, the device management will allocate a light-loaded MqttBroker to the device through the broker proxy.
The TCP long connection in the framework is used for the platform to send a command to the terminal in a one-way mode, the Access Control List (Access Control List) of MqttBroker limits that the edge proxy/direct-connected equipment can only subscribe to the Topic of MQTT and cannot release data, and the security Control strategy can ensure the reliability of the data received by the edge proxy/direct-connected equipment.
4. Implementation of message transmission module design
The physical connection management platform is used for comprehensively distributing unified physical connections in the fields of transmission and transformation, client sides, supply chains and the like, and carrying out standardized data transmission with the terminal, wherein in the practical application of the power system, the quantity of the message data sent by the terminal is far larger than the quantity of the received commands. Therefore, the ability of the internet of things management platform to receive message data directly determines the number of devices that can be accessed by the platform, and the ability is also the basis for realizing 'one source of data'. In order to better deal with the pressure of message data sent by mass equipment, the reported data is divided into two types of low-frequency messages and high-frequency messages according to the frequency, a low-frequency message receiving module and a high-frequency message receiving module are respectively designed to correspondingly receive the messages, and when the application deployment is carried out, corresponding deployment examples can be horizontally expanded according to the number of equipment accessed by each module.
1) Design realization of low-frequency message receiving module
Referring to fig. 3, the low-frequency message receiving module adopts a stateless micro-service design, and meets the requirement of low-frequency reporting data of ten-million-level devices through two measures inside the low-frequency message receiving module: and horizontal expansion, wherein the module is stateless and has horizontal expansion capability, and the overall message receiving capability can be improved by adding deployment examples. Asynchronous processing is performed, the receiving performance of a single service is improved, in an actual scene, the module not only needs to receive data, but also needs to perform operations such as verification and encapsulation on the data, and in order to improve the processing performance, a buffer queue is added, so that message receiving and processing are asynchronously executed.
2) High-frequency message receiving module design realization
For the high-frequency message scenario, a design architecture based on pre-allocation and packet forwarding is adopted, which is shown in fig. 4. The framework multiplexes Brokerproxy and MqttBroker in a command sending module, and a data repeater DataRepeater is added in each deployment unit and is used for receiving data from the corresponding MqttBroker in each deployment unit and forwarding the data to a distributed message queue.
In the above structure, the Brokerproxy and MqttBroker have the following characteristics in deployment and use:
1) the BrokerProxy submodule does not need to issue commands, but still retains the capability of managing and pre-allocating MqttBroker instances;
2) the MqttBroker submodule only receives data from the edge proxy/direct connection device and does not send commands to the edge proxy/direct connection device;
3) the DataRepeater submodule is paired with the MqttBroker to form a data receiving and forwarding deployment unit, and each deployment unit is correspondingly responsible for receiving and forwarding data of a group of edge proxy/direct connection equipment.
In the above framework, the data reporting pressure is dispersedly borne by each deployment unit, and has no influence on other modules. In the aspect of expansibility, a two-stage load balancing and pre-distributing mode consistent with that of a pushing submodule is adopted, so that massive long-connection access and data transmission of the management platform of the Internet of things are guaranteed.
And the MqttBroker controls that only the matched DataRepeater can subscribe MQTTTomic to receive data through the access control list, so that the data reported by the equipment is prevented from being illegally stolen in batches.
5. File sharing module design implementation
As shown in fig. 5, the file sharing module adopts a structure in which a file and a message are separately transmitted, and includes two parts, namely a file transmission service and a file storage node, where the file transmission service provides functions of uploading and downloading files based on an HTTPS protocol, and is stateless inside and supports horizontal extension; file storage may interface to a variety of open-source distributed file storage systems, such as: HDFS, GFS, TFS, FastDFS, etc.
In the process of file transmission, a file sender firstly uploads a file to a file sharing module, and then sends file meta information including a file name, a file size, a file storage address, an MD6 value of the file to a receiver through a message transmission module of a platform layer.
The file transmission mode in the scheme is also suitable for large data block transmission, large data blocks need to be stored as files before transmission, and then data transmission is completed through file transmission.
The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, it being understood that the above-described embodiment is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained in the form of equivalents or equivalent changes are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A data transmission system of a modular Internet of things platform is characterized by comprising a command sending module, a message transmission module and a file sharing module, wherein the command sending module, the message transmission module and the file sharing module are arranged in a platform layer Internet of things management platform and are used for data transmission;
the command sending module comprises a command management submodule and a pushing submodule;
the command management submodule is used for storing real-time and historical commands of all the devices and providing an access interface for the outside;
the pushing submodule is used for bearing massive equipment access and real-time pushing of commands;
the message transmission module comprises a low-frequency message receiving module and a high-frequency message receiving module, and the low-frequency message and the high-frequency message which are used for transmitting the reported data and are divided into according to the frequency are respectively transmitted;
the file sharing module comprises a file transmission service and file storage node sub-module;
the file transmission service sub-module provides file uploading and downloading based on an HTTPS protocol;
the file storage node submodule is used for interfacing with a plurality of open-source distributed file storage systems.
2. The modular internet-of-things platform data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the push submodule comprises two submodules, BrokerProxy and MqttBroker:
the BrokerProxy submodule is used for managing the MqttBroker submodule;
the MqttBroker submodule employs the MQTT protocol and maintains long connections with a set of edge proxies/direct-connected devices.
3. The modular internet of things platform data transmission system of claim 2, wherein the message transmission module comprises a high frequency message reception module and a low frequency message reception module.
4. The modular internet-of-things platform data transmission system of claim 3, wherein the high frequency message receiving module comprises a datarepeat sub-module, and a Brokerproxy sub-module and an MqttBroker sub-module in the multiplexing command sending module;
the BrokerProxy submodule is used for managing and pre-distributing MqttBroker instances;
the MqttBroker submodule is used for receiving data from the edge proxy/direct connection device;
the DataRepeater submodule and the MqttBroker submodule are paired and deployed to form a deployment unit for receiving and forwarding data, and the deployment unit is responsible for receiving and forwarding the data of a group of edge proxy/direct connection equipment.
5. The modular internet of things platform data transmission system of claim 1, wherein data to be transmitted is classified into four categories, namely, command, low frequency message, high frequency message, and file and bulk data, according to the characteristics of the device transmitting data.
6. The modular internet-of-things platform data transfer system of claim 5, wherein the characteristics of the device transferring data include connection characteristics, data size, and transfer frequency.
7. The data transmission system of the component internet of things platform of claim 5, wherein the command is transmitted by using the MQTT protocol based on TCP long connection for data sent by the IOT management platform to the device side.
8. The component internet of things platform data transmission system of claim 5, wherein the low frequency message is transmitted via HTTPS/COAP non-long connection protocol for data received by the IOT management platform from the device side.
9. The data transmission system of the component internet of things platform of claim 5, wherein the high frequency messages are transmitted by the MQTT protocol of TCP long connection aiming at the data received by the IOT management platform from the device side.
10. The modular internet-of-things platform data transmission system of claim 5, wherein when the file is transmitted with the large block data, the large block data is firstly saved as a file and then transmitted in a file manner; and the file transmission completes uploading and downloading through the HTTPS by using the file sharing module, and completes file meta-information transmission by combining a command/message transmission channel.
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