CN111107565B - Concurrent wireless communication over licensed and unlicensed spectrum - Google Patents

Concurrent wireless communication over licensed and unlicensed spectrum Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111107565B
CN111107565B CN201911316232.7A CN201911316232A CN111107565B CN 111107565 B CN111107565 B CN 111107565B CN 201911316232 A CN201911316232 A CN 201911316232A CN 111107565 B CN111107565 B CN 111107565B
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communication signal
ofdma
unlicensed spectrum
signal
wireless node
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CN111107565A (en
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N·布尚
D·P·马拉蒂
魏永斌
P·加尔
骆涛
季庭方
G·B·霍恩
W·陈
A·达姆尼亚诺维奇
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

Methods and apparatus for wireless communications are described. A first method includes transmitting a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum and transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal. A second method includes receiving a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum, and receiving a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal. The third method includes generating a periodic gating interval for the cellular downlink in the unlicensed spectrum and synchronizing at least one boundary of the periodic gating interval with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure associated with a primary component carrier of the cellular downlink.

Description

Concurrent wireless communication over licensed and unlicensed spectrum
The present application is a divisional application of application number 201480033777.6, filing date 2014, month 5, 20, entitled "concurrent wireless communication over licensed spectrum and unlicensed spectrum".
Cross reference
This patent application claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/281,677, filed 5/month 19 2014, entitled "Concurrent Wireless Communications Over Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrum", filed 5/month 20, 2013, entitled "LTE-Unllicided", U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.61/825,459, filed 5/month 20, bhushan, et al, each of which is assigned to the assignee of the present application.
Background
Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These wireless networks may be multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available network resources.
The wireless communication network may include a plurality of base stations or node bs that may support communication for a plurality of User Equipments (UEs). The UE may communicate with the base station via the uplink and the downlink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the base station to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the base station.
Wireless communication networks become more congested and operators are beginning to consider methods of increasing capacity. One approach may be to use a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) to offload some of the traffic and/or signaling. WLANs (or WiFi networks) are attractive because they are typically operated in the unlicensed spectrum, unlike cellular networks that operate in the licensed spectrum. In addition, an increasing amount of spectrum is being allocated for access that does not have permission, making the option of offloading traffic and/or signaling to the WLAN more attractive. However, this approach may provide a partial solution to the congestion problem, as WLANs tend to use spectrum less efficiently than cellular networks. In addition, the rules and protocols contained in the WLAN are different from those used for cellular networks. Thus, if unlicensed spectrum can be used more efficiently, and according to regulatory requirements, unlicensed spectrum may leave a reasonable option for congestion relief.
Disclosure of Invention
Methods and apparatus are described in which unlicensed spectrum may be used for 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. Various deployment schemes may be supported, including supplemental downlink modes, in which LTE downlink capacity in a licensed spectrum may be offloaded to an unlicensed spectrum. Carrier aggregation mode may be used to offload both LTE downlink capacity and LTE uplink capacity from a licensed spectrum to an unlicensed spectrum. In standalone mode, LTE downlink and uplink communications between a base station (e.g., an evolved node B (eNB)) and a UE may occur in the unlicensed spectrum. The base station and the UE may support one or more of these modes or similar modes. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication signals may be used for LTE downlink communication in the unlicensed spectrum, while single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication signals may be used for LTE uplink communication in the unlicensed spectrum. The use of LTE configured for unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as unlicensed LTE or LTE-U.
In a first set of illustrative examples, a method for wireless communication is described. In one example, the method includes transmitting a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum, and transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the transmission of the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time-synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum with a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal. The fixed offset may be equal to zero.
In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a first single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. The first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises a UE. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are transmitted from an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise a Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal.
In a second set of illustrative examples, an apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes means for transmitting a first OFDMA communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum, and means for transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the transmission of the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time-synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum with a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal. The fixed offset may be equal to zero.
In some embodiments, the apparatus includes means for receiving a first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. The first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes means for receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes means for receiving a first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the UE in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises a UE. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are transmitted from an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a third set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes a processor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to transmit a first OFDMA communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum and to transmit a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the transmission of the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time-synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum with a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal. The fixed offset may be equal to zero.
In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to receive a first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. The first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to receive a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to receive a first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the UE in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises a UE. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are transmitted from an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a fourth set of illustrative examples, a computer program product for communicating by a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system is described. In one example, the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor to cause the wireless communication device to: the method includes transmitting a first OFDMA communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum and transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the transmission of the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time-synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum with a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal. The fixed offset may be equal to zero.
In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wireless communication device to receive a first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. The first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wireless communication device to receive a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wireless communication device to receive a first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the UE in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises a UE. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are transmitted from an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a fifth set of illustrative examples, another method for wireless communication is described. In one example, the method includes receiving a first SC-FDMA communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum; and simultaneously with the receiving of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, receiving a second SC-FDMA signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the wireless node may comprise a UE. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are received at an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a sixth set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes means for receiving a first SC-FDMA communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum; and means for receiving a second SC-FDMA signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first SC-FDMA communication signal. Each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may include an LTE signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node may comprise a UE. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are received at an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a seventh set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes a processor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to receive a first SC-FDMA communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum and, concurrently with the reception of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, receive a second SC-FDMA signal from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum. Each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may include an LTE signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node may comprise a UE. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are received at an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In an eighth set of illustrative examples, a computer program product for communicating by a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system is described. In one example, the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor to cause the wireless communication device to: a first SC-FDMA communication signal is received from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum and a second SC-FDMA signal is received from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first SC-FDMA communication signal. Each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may include an LTE signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node may comprise a UE. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are received at an eNB. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a ninth set of illustrative examples, a method for wireless communication is described. In one example, the method includes receiving a first OFDMA communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum; and simultaneously with the receiving of the first OFDMA communication signal, receiving a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. The first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and transmitting a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are received at a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a tenth set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving a first OFDMA communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum; and means for receiving a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes means for transmitting a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with receipt of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. The first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes means for transmitting a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes means for transmitting a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and transmitting a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are received at a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In an eleventh set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes a processor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to receive a first OFDMA communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum and, concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal, receive a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to transmit a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with receipt of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. The first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to transmit a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with receipt of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to transmit a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are received at a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a twelfth set of illustrative examples, another computer program product for communicating by a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system is described. In one example, the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor to cause the wireless communication device to: a first OFDMA communication signal is received from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum and a second OFDMA communication signal is received from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wireless communication device to transmit a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with receipt of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. The first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wireless communication device to transmit a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with receipt of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wireless communication device to transmit a first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are received at a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a thirteenth set of illustrative examples, another method for wireless communication is described. In one example, the method includes transmitting a first SC-FDMA communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum; and simultaneously with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, transmitting a second SC-FDMA signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are sent from a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a fourteenth set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes means for transmitting a first SC-FDMA communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum; and means for transmitting a second SC-FDMA signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are sent from a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a fifteenth set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes a processor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to transmit a first SC-FDMA communication signal to an eNB in a licensed spectrum and to transmit a second SC-FDMA signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are sent from a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a sixteenth set of illustrative examples, another computer program product for communicating by a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system is described. In one example, the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor to cause the wireless communication device to: a first SC-FDMA communication signal is transmitted to an eNB in a licensed spectrum and a second SC-FDMA signal is transmitted to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the wireless node comprises an eNB. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal are sent from a UE. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In a seventeenth set of illustrative examples, another method for wireless communication includes generating a periodic gating interval for a downlink in an unlicensed spectrum and synchronizing at least one boundary of the periodic gating interval with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure associated with a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) of the downlink. In some embodiments, the PCC comprises a carrier in the licensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the periodic gating interval may include a Listen Before Talk (LBT) frame, and the periodic frame structure may include an LTE radio frame. The duration of the periodic gating interval may be an integer multiple or factor of the duration of the periodic frame structure. In some embodiments, the downlink carries LTE signals.
In an eighteenth set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes means for generating a periodic gating interval for a downlink in an unlicensed spectrum, and means for synchronizing at least one boundary of the periodic gating interval with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure associated with a PCC. In some embodiments, the PCC comprises a carrier in the licensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the periodic gating interval may comprise an LBT frame, and the periodic frame structure may comprise an LTE radio frame. The duration of the periodic gating interval is an integer multiple or factor of the duration of the periodic frame structure. In some embodiments, the downlink carries LTE signals.
In a nineteenth set of illustrative examples, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one example, the apparatus includes a processor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to generate a periodic gating interval for a downlink in an unlicensed spectrum and synchronize at least one boundary of the periodic gating interval with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure associated with a PCC. In some embodiments, the PCC comprises a carrier in the licensed spectrum. In some embodiments, the periodic gating interval may comprise an LBT frame, and the periodic frame structure may comprise an LTE radio frame. The duration of the periodic gating interval may be an integer multiple or factor of the duration of the periodic frame structure. In some embodiments, the downlink carries LTE signals.
In a twentieth set of illustrative examples, another computer program product for communicating by a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system is described. In one example, the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor to cause the wireless communication device to: generating a periodic gating interval for a downlink in an unlicensed spectrum, and synchronizing at least one boundary of the periodic gating interval with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure associated with the downlink in a Primary Component Carrier (PCC). The PCC comprises carriers in a licensed spectrum.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the examples in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The features which are believed to be characteristic of the concepts disclosed herein, both as to their organization and method of operation, together with the associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for illustration and description purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
Drawings
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present disclosure may be realized by reference to the following drawings. In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may be applied to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label (without regard to the second reference label).
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 2A shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a deployment scenario using LTE in unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 2B shows a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a deployment scenario using LTE in unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 3 shows a diagram illustrating an example of carrier aggregation when LTE is used in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 4A is a flowchart of an example of a method for simultaneously using LTE in a licensed spectrum and an unlicensed spectrum in a base station, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 4B is a flowchart of another example of a method for simultaneously using LTE in a licensed spectrum and an unlicensed spectrum in a base station, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 5A is a flowchart of an example of a method for using LTE in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum in a UE, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 5B is a flowchart of yet another example of a method for using LTE in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum in a UE, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 6A shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a periodic gating structure aligned to a periodic frame structure, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 6B shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a periodic gating structure that is half of a periodic frame structure, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 6C shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a periodic gating structure that is twice the periodic frame structure, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 6D shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a periodic gating structure that is smaller than a periodic frame structure, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 7A shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a periodic gating structure waveform in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 7B shows a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a periodic gating structure waveform in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an example of a method for synchronizing a periodic gating structure using a periodic frame structure, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 9A shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an S' subframe in a periodic gating structure in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 9B shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an alternative option for a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) slot in an S' subframe in accordance with various embodiments;
Fig. 9C shows a schematic diagram illustrating another example of an S' subframe in a periodic gating structure in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 9D shows a schematic diagram illustrating another example of an S' subframe in a periodic gating structure in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 10A shows a diagram illustrating an example of gating when channel usage assessment occurs at the end of a preceding gating interval, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 10B shows a diagram illustrating an example of gating when channel usage assessment occurs at the beginning of a prior gating interval, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 10C shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of gating in response to WiFi transmission activity in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 10D shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a periodic gating structure waveform with 14 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 10E shows a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a periodic gating structure waveform with 14 OFDM symbols in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 10F shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a periodic gating structure waveform with two subframes, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 10G shows a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a periodic gating structure waveform having two subframes in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an example of a method for gating a periodic structure, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 12A is a flowchart of an example of a method for synchronizing CAA slots across multiple base stations, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 12B is a flowchart of another example of a method for synchronizing CAA slots across multiple base stations, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 13A is a flowchart of an example of a method for performing CAA when CCA slots are synchronized across multiple base stations, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 13B is a flowchart of another example of a method for performing CAA when CCA slots are synchronized across multiple base stations, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 14A shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of using a Channel Usage Beacon Signal (CUBS) to reserve a channel in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 14B shows a schematic diagram illustrating another example of using a CUBS to reserve channels in unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 14C shows a schematic diagram illustrating yet another example of using a CUBS to reserve a channel in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 15 is a flowchart of an example of a method for transmitting a signal to reserve unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
Fig. 16 shows a diagram illustrating an example of transmitting feedback information in a licensed spectrum for a signal transmitted in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 17A is a flowchart of an example of a method for receiving feedback information via a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) uplink in a licensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 17B is a flowchart of an example of a method for receiving feedback information via a PCC uplink in a licensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 18A shows a diagram illustrating an example of LTE-U beacon signal broadcasting in an unlicensed spectrum in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 18B shows a diagram illustrating an example of a payload in an LTE-U beacon signal in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 19A is a flowchart of an example of a method for broadcasting LTE-U beacon signals in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 19B is a flowchart of another example of a method for broadcasting LTE-U beacon signals in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 20 shows a diagram illustrating an example of Request To Send (RTS) and Clear To Send (CTS) signals in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
Fig. 21 is a flowchart of an example of a method for transmitting an RTS signal and receiving a CTS signal in an unlicensed spectrum, according to various embodiments;
fig. 22A shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a virtual CTS (V-CTS) signal in a licensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 22B shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a virtual RTS (V-RTS) signal and a virtual V-CTS signal in a licensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 23 is a flowchart of an example of a method for transmitting an RTS signal or a V-RTS signal, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 24 is a flowchart of an example of a method for receiving a V-CTS signal in response to an RTS signal or a V-RTS signal, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 25 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a normal subframe or a robust subframe in the unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 26 is a flowchart of an example of a method of transmitting normal subframes or robust subframes in unlicensed spectrum based on past transmission activity, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 27 shows a diagram illustrating an example of a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) signal and a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal for unlicensed spectrum according to various embodiments;
Fig. 28 is a flowchart of an example of a method for generating PUCCH and/or PUSCH signals for unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 29 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example of load-based gating in unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 30 shows a block diagram illustrating an example of a UE architecture in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 31 shows a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station architecture in accordance with various embodiments;
fig. 32 shows a block diagram illustrating an example of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system in accordance with various embodiments.
Detailed Description
Various systems, methods, and apparatuses are described in which unlicensed spectrum is used for LTE communications. Various deployment schemes may be supported, including a supplemental downlink mode in which LTE downlink traffic may be offloaded to unlicensed spectrum. Carrier aggregation mode may be used to offload both LTE downlink traffic and LTE uplink traffic from a licensed spectrum to an unlicensed spectrum. In standalone mode, LTE downlink and uplink communications between a base station (e.g., eNB) and a UE may occur in the unlicensed spectrum. Other base stations and UEs of LTE may support one or more of these or similar modes of operation. The OFDMA communication signals may be used for LTE downlink communication in the unlicensed spectrum, while the SC-FDMA communication signals may be used for LTE uplink communication in the unlicensed spectrum.
To date, operators have considered WiFi as the primary mechanism of using unlicensed spectrum to mitigate the ever-increasing congestion levels in cellular networks. However, new Carrier Types (NCTs) based on LTE (LTE-U) in unlicensed spectrum may be compatible with carrier-grade WiFi, making LTE-U an alternative to WiFi. LTE-U may utilize LTE concepts and may introduce some modifications to the physical layer (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) aspects of the network or network devices to provide efficient operation in unlicensed spectrum and to meet regulatory requirements. For example, the unlicensed spectrum may range from 600 megahertz (MHz) to 6 gigahertz (GHz). In some schemes, LTE-U may perform significantly better than WiFi. For example, in a full LTE-U deployment (for single or multiple operators), or when there are dense small cell LTE-U deployments, LTE-U may perform significantly better than WiFi. LTE-U may also perform better than WiFi in other schemes, for example, when LTE-U is mixed with WiFi (for single or multiple operators).
For a single Service Provider (SP), an LTE-U network on the unlicensed spectrum may be configured to synchronize with an LTE network on the licensed spectrum. In some embodiments, some or all of the LTE-U networks deployed by multiple SPs on a given channel may also be configured to synchronize across the multiple SPs. One approach for combining the two features described above may involve using a constant timing offset between LTE and LTE-U for a given SP. In some embodiments, some or all of the LTE-U networks deployed by multiple SPs on a given channel may be configured to be asynchronous across the multiple SPs. The LTE-U network may provide unicast and/or multicast services according to the needs of the SPs. Further, the LTE-U network may operate in a bootstrapping mode (bootstrapped mode) in which LTE cells function as anchors and provide relevant LTE-U cell information (e.g., radio frame timing, common channel configuration, system frame number or SFN, etc.). In this mode, there may be tight interworking between LTE and LTE-U. For example, the bootstrapping mode may support the supplemental downlink and carrier aggregation modes described above. The PHY-MAC layer of the LTE-U network may operate in an independent mode in which the LTE-U network operates independently of the LTE network. In this case, there may be, for example, multi-stream, loose interworking between LTE and LTE-U based on RLC level aggregation with co-located LTE/LTE-U cells, or across multiple cells and/or base stations.
The techniques described herein are not limited to LTE and may also be used for various wireless communication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may implement wireless technologies such as CDMA2000, universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 encompasses the IS-2000 standard, the IS-95 standard, and the IS-856 standard. IS-2000 release 0 and a are commonly referred to as CDMA20001X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) IS commonly referred to as CDMA20001xEV-DO, high Rate Packet Data (HRPD), or the like. UTRA includes wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. TDMA systems may implement wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM). OFDMA systems may implement wireless technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE802.20, flash OFDM, and the like. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-advanced (LTE-a) are new versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-a and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "third generation partnership project (3 GPP)". CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "third generation partnership project 2 (3 GPP 2)". The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and wireless techniques mentioned above as well as other systems and wireless techniques. However, the following description describes an LTE system for purposes of example, and although the technology is applicable beyond the field of LTE applications, LTE terminology is used in much of the description below. In this description, LTE-advanced (LTE-a) communications are considered as a subset of LTE communications, and thus reference is made to LTE communications including LTE-a communications.
The following description provides examples and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configuration as set forth in the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Various embodiments may omit, replace, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the described methods may be performed in an order different from the order described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with respect to certain embodiments may be combined into other embodiments.
Referring first to fig. 1, an example of a wireless communication system or network 100 is illustrated. The system 100 includes a base station (or cell) 105, a communication device 115, and a core network 130. The base station 105 may communicate with the communication device 115 under control of a base station controller (not shown), which in various embodiments may be part of the core network 130 or the base station 105. The base station 105 may communicate control information and/or user data with the core network 130 via a backhaul link 132. In an embodiment, the base stations 105 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly over a backhaul link 134, which backhaul link 134 may be a wired or wireless communication link. The system 100 may support operation on multiple carriers (waveform signals of different frequencies). A multicarrier transmitter may transmit modulated signals on multiple carriers simultaneously. For example, each communication link 125 may be a multicarrier signal modulated according to the various wireless techniques described above. Each modulated signal may be transmitted on a different carrier and may carry control information (e.g., reference signals, control channels, etc.), overhead information, data, and so on.
Base station 105 may communicate wirelessly with device 115 via one or more base station antennas. Each of the base station 105 sites may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic area 110. In some embodiments, the base station 105 may be referred to as a base station transceiver, a wireless base station, an access point, a wireless transceiver, a Basic Service Set (BSS), an Extended Service Set (ESS), a node B, an evolved node B (eNB), a home node B, a home evolved node B, or some other suitable terminology. The coverage area 110 of a base station may be partitioned into sectors (not shown) that form only a portion of the coverage area. The system 100 may include different types of base stations 105 (e.g., macro, micro, and/or pico base stations). There may be overlapping coverage areas for different technologies.
In some embodiments, the system 100 may be an LTE/LTE-a network that supports one or more LTE-U modes of operation or deployment schemes. In other embodiments, system 100 may support wireless communications using unlicensed spectrum and access technologies other than LTE-U, or licensed spectrum and access technologies other than LTE/LTE-a. The terms evolved node B (eNB) and User Equipment (UE) may be generally used to describe base station 105 and device 115, respectively. The system 100 may be a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-a/LTE-U network, where different types of enbs provide coverage for various geographic areas. For example, each eNB 105 may provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a picocell, a femtocell, and/or other type of cell. Small cells such as pico cells, femto cells, and/or other types of cells may include low power nodes or LPNs. A macro cell typically covers a relatively large geographical area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription with the network provider. Pico cells will typically cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription with the network provider. A femto cell will also typically cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residence) and may provide limited access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs of users in a residence, etc.), in addition to unrestricted access. An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico eNB. Also, an eNB for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto eNB or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells.
The core network 130 may communicate with the enbs 105 via a backhaul 132 (e.g., S1, etc.). The enbs 105 may also communicate with each other, e.g., directly or indirectly, via a backhaul link 134 (e.g., X2, etc.) and/or via a backhaul link 132 (e.g., through the core network 130). The system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, enbs may have similar frame and/or gating timing, and transmissions from different enbs may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, enbs may have different frame and/or gating timing, and transmissions from different enbs may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for synchronous operation or asynchronous operation.
The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the system 100, and each UE may be fixed or mobile. UE 115 may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. The UE 115 may be a cellular telephone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless telephone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, etc. The UE may be capable of communicating with macro enbs, pico enbs, femto enbs, relays, etc.
The communication links 125 shown in the system 100 may include Uplink (UL) transmissions from the mobile device 115 to the base station 105 and/or Downlink (DL) transmissions from the base station 105 to the mobile device 115. The downlink transmission may also be referred to as a forward link transmission, while the uplink transmission may also be referred to as a reverse link transmission. Downlink transmissions may be made using licensed spectrum (e.g., LTE), unlicensed spectrum (e.g., LTE-U), or both (LTE/LTE-U). Similarly, uplink transmissions may be made using licensed spectrum (e.g., LTE), unlicensed spectrum (e.g., LTE-U), or both (LTE/LTE-U).
In some embodiments of system 100, various deployment schemes for LTE-U may be supported, including: a supplemental downlink mode in which LTE downlink capacity in a licensed spectrum may be offloaded to an unlicensed spectrum, a carrier aggregation mode in which both LTE downlink capacity and LTE uplink capacity may be offloaded from the licensed spectrum to the unlicensed spectrum, and an independent mode in which LTE downlink and uplink communications between a base station (e.g., eNB) and a UE may occur in the unlicensed spectrum. Base station 105 and UE 115 may support one or more of these or similar modes of operation. The OFDMA communication signals may be used in a communication link 125 for LTE downlink transmission in the unlicensed spectrum, while SC-FDMA communication signals may be used in a communication link 125 for LTE uplink transmission in the unlicensed spectrum. Additional details regarding the implementation of the LTE-U deployment scheme or modes of operation in a system such as system 100, as well as other features and functions regarding the operation of the LTE-U are provided below with reference to fig. 2A-32.
Turning next to fig. 2A, a diagram 200 illustrates an example of a supplemental downlink mode and carrier aggregation mode for an LTE network supporting LTE-U. Schematic diagram 200 may be an example of a portion of system 100 of fig. 1. In addition, base station 105-a may be an example of base station 105 of FIG. 1, and UE 115-a may be an example of UE 115 of FIG. 1.
In the example of the supplemental downlink mode shown in diagram 200, base station 105-a may transmit an OFDMA communication signal to UE 115-a using downlink 205. The downlink 205 may be associated with a frequency F1 in the unlicensed spectrum. Base station 105-a may transmit OFDMA communication signals to the same UE 115-a using a bi-directional link 210 and may receive SC-FDMA communication signals from that UE 115-a using a bi-directional link 210. The bi-directional link 210 may be associated with a frequency F4 in the licensed spectrum. The downlink 205 in the unlicensed spectrum and the bi-directional link 210 in the licensed spectrum may operate simultaneously. The downlink 205 may provide downlink capacity offloading for the base station 105-a. In some embodiments, the downlink 205 may be used for unicast services (e.g., addressed to one UE) or multicast services (e.g., addressed to several UEs). This scheme may occur with service providers (e.g., conventional mobile network operators or MNOs) that use licensed spectrum and that need to release some of the traffic and/or signaling congestion in the licensed spectrum.
In one example of carrier aggregation mode shown in diagram 200, base station 105-a may transmit OFDMA communication signals to UE 115-a using bi-directional link 215 and may receive SC-FDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using bi-directional link 215. Bidirectional link 215 may be associated with frequency F1 in the unlicensed spectrum. Base station 105-a may also transmit OFDMA communication signals to the same UE 115-a using a bi-directional link 220 and may receive SC-FDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using a bi-directional link 220. The bi-directional link 220 may be associated with a frequency F2 in the licensed spectrum. The bi-directional link 215 may provide downlink and uplink capacity offloading for the base station 105 a. Similar to the supplemental downlink described above, this scheme may occur with service providers (e.g., MNOs) that use licensed spectrum and need to release some of the traffic and/or signaling congestion.
In another example of carrier aggregation mode shown in diagram 200, base station 105-a may transmit OFDMA communication signals to UE 115-a using bi-directional link 225 and may receive SC-FDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using bi-directional link 225. Bidirectional link 215 may be associated with frequency F3 in the unlicensed spectrum. Base station 105-a may also transmit OFDMA communication signals to the same UE 115-a using a bi-directional link 230 and may receive SC-FDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using a bi-directional link 230. The bi-directional link 230 may be associated with a frequency F2 in the licensed spectrum. The bi-directional link 225 may provide downlink and uplink capacity offloading for the base station 105 a. This example and those provided above are given for illustrative purposes, and other similar modes of operation or deployment schemes for combining LTE and LTE-U for capacity offloading may exist.
As described above, a typical service provider that may benefit from capacity offloading provided by using LTE-U (LTE in unlicensed spectrum) is a traditional MNO with LTE licensed spectrum. For these service providers, the operational configuration may include a bootstrapping mode (e.g., supplemental uplink, carrier aggregation) that uses LTE Primary Component Carriers (PCC) on the licensed spectrum and LTE-U Secondary Component Carriers (SCCs) on the unlicensed spectrum.
In the supplemental downlink mode, control for LTE-U may be transmitted over the LTE uplink (e.g., uplink portion of bi-directional link 210). One reason for providing downlink capacity offloading is because data requirements are driven primarily by downlink consumption. In addition, in this mode, there may be no regulatory impact since the UE is not transmitting in the unlicensed spectrum. In some embodiments, there may not be a need to implement Listen Before Talk (LBT) or Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) requirements on the UE. However, LBT may be implemented at a base station (e.g., eNB) by using, for example, periodic (e.g., every 10 ms) Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) and/or a grab-and-relinquish (grab-and-relinquish) mechanism aligned to a radio frame boundary.
In carrier aggregation mode, data and control may be transmitted in LTE (e.g., bi-directional links 210, 220, and 230), while data may be transmitted in LTE-U (e.g., bi-directional links 215 and 225). The carrier aggregation mechanism supported when using LTE-U may be categorized as either a hybrid frequency division duplex-time division duplex (FDD-TDD) carrier aggregation or a TDD-TDD carrier aggregation with different symmetry across component carriers.
Fig. 2B shows a schematic diagram 200-a, which schematic diagram 200-a shows an example of a standalone mode for LTE-U. Schematic diagram 200-a may be an example of a portion of system 100 in fig. 1. In addition, base station 105-b may be an example of base station 105 in FIG. 1 and an example of base station 105-a in FIG. 2A, and UE 115-b may be an example of UE 115 in FIG. 1 and/or UE 115-a in FIG. 2A.
In the example of the standalone mode shown in diagram 200-a, base station 105-b may transmit OFDMA communication signals to UE 115-b using bi-directional link 240 and may receive SC-FDMA communication signals from UE 115-b using bi-directional link 240. The bi-directional link 240 may be associated with the frequency F3 in the unlicensed spectrum described above with reference to fig. 2A. The standalone mode may be used in non-legacy wireless access schemes such as in-stadium (e.g., unicast, multicast) access schemes. Typical service providers for this mode of operation may be stadium owners, cable companies, event sponsors, hotels, businesses, and/or large companies that do not have licensed spectrum. For these service providers, the LTE-U PCC may be used on the unlicensed spectrum for the configuration on the standalone mode of operation. In addition, LBT may be implemented on both the base station and the UE.
Turning next to fig. 3, a diagram 300 illustrates an example of carrier aggregation when LTE is used in licensed and unlicensed spectrum simultaneously, in accordance with various embodiments. The carrier aggregation scheme in diagram 300 may correspond to the hybrid FDD-TDD carrier aggregation described above with reference to fig. 2A. The carrier aggregation type may be used in at least part of the system 100 in fig. 1. In addition, the carrier aggregation type may be used in the base station 105 and the base station 105-a in fig. 1 and 2A, respectively, and/or in the UE 115 and the UE 115-a in fig. 1 and 2A, respectively.
In this example, FDD in conjunction with LTE (FDD-LTE), first TDD in conjunction with LTE-U (TDD 1), second TDD in conjunction with LTE (TDD 2), and another FDD in conjunction with LTE (FDD-LTE) may be performed in the downlink. The result of TDD1 is a DL to UL ratio of 6:4, while for TDD2 this ratio is 7:3. On a time scale, the different effective DL to UL ratios are 3:1, 1:3, 2:2, 3:1, 2:2, and 3:1. This example is given for illustrative purposes, and other carrier aggregation schemes combining operation of LTE and LTE-U may exist.
Fig. 4A illustrates a flow diagram of a method 400 for simultaneously using LTE by a first wireless node (e.g., a base station or eNB) in licensed and unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. For example, method 400 may be implemented using base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, and/or system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a in fig. 2A and 2B. In one implementation, one of the base stations or enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 405, a first OFDMA communication signal may be transmitted in a licensed spectrum to a second wireless node (e.g., UE 115). At block 410, a second OFDMA communication signal may be transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum to a second wireless node concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may be transmitted from at least one base station or eNB.
In some embodiments of method 400, the transmission of the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum may be time-synchronized with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum, with a fixed offset between the frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and the frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the fixed offset may be zero or substantially zero.
In some embodiments of method 400, the first SC-FDMA communication signal may be received from the second wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. The first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the second wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum. The method may include receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from a second wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. The method may include receiving a first SC-FDMA communication signal from a UE in a licensed spectrum and receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from a UE in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. In some embodiments, each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
Fig. 4B illustrates a flow diagram of a method 400-a for simultaneously using LTE in licensed and unlicensed spectrum by a first wireless node (e.g., a base station or eNB), in accordance with various embodiments. Similar to the method 400 above, the method 400-a may be implemented using, for example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, and/or the system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of the systems 200 and/or 200-a in fig. 2A and 2B. In one implementation, one of the base stations or enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 415, a first SC-FDMA communication signal may be received from a second wireless node (e.g., UE 115) in the licensed spectrum.
At block 420, a second SC-FDMA communication signal may be received in the unlicensed spectrum from a second wireless node concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may also be received from at least one UE. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
Fig. 5A illustrates a flow diagram of a method 500 for simultaneously using LTE in licensed and unlicensed spectrum by a first wireless node (e.g., UE), in accordance with various embodiments. For example, method 500 may be implemented using UEs 115, 115-a, and 115-B in fig. 1, 2A, and 2B, and/or system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a in fig. 2A and 2B, respectively. In one implementation, one of the UEs 115 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the UE 115 to perform the functions described below.
At block 505, a first OFDMA communication signal may be received from a second wireless node (e.g., a base station or eNB 105) in a licensed spectrum.
At block 510, a second OFDMA communication signal may be received in the unlicensed spectrum from a second wireless node concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may be received at a UE.
In some embodiments of method 500, the first SC-FDMA communication signal may be transmitted to the second wireless node in the licensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first and second OFDMA communication signals. The received first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the second wireless node in the licensed spectrum may carry signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received on the unlicensed spectrum. The method may include transmitting a second SC-FDMA communication signal to a second wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. The method may include transmitting a first SC-FDMA communication signal to a second wireless node in a licensed spectrum and transmitting a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the second wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal. Each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal may include an LTE signal.
Fig. 5B illustrates a flow diagram of a method 500-a for simultaneously using LTE by a first wireless node (e.g., UE) in licensed and unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. Similar to the method 500 above, the method 500-a may be implemented using, for example, the UEs 115, 115-a, and 115-B in fig. 1, 2A, and 2B, and/or the system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of the systems 200 and/or 200-a in fig. 2A and 2B, respectively. In one implementation, one of the UEs 115 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the UE 115 to perform the functions described below.
At block 515, a first SC-FDMA communication signal may be transmitted in the licensed spectrum to a second wireless node (e.g., a base station or eNB 105).
At block 520, a second SC-FDMA communication signal may be transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum to a second wireless node concurrently with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal. In some embodiments, the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may be transmitted from the UE. In some embodiments, each of the first SC-FDMA communication signal and the second SC-FDMA communication signal may comprise an LTE signal.
In some embodiments, a transmitting device (or a transmitter of a transmitting device) such as a base station, eNB 105, UE 115 may use the gating interval to gain access to channels in the unlicensed spectrum. The gating interval may define an application of a contention-based protocol, for example, an ETSI (EN 301 893) based Listen Before Talk (LBT) protocol specified in the LBT protocol. When a gating interval defining an application of the LBT protocol is used, the gating interval may indicate when a transmitting device needs to perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA). The result of the CCA indicates to the transmitting device whether a channel in the unlicensed spectrum is available or in use. When the CCA indicates that a channel is available (e.g., "idle" for use), the gating interval may allow the transmitting device to use the channel-typically for a predetermined period of time. When the CCA indicates that the channel is not available (e.g., in use or reserved), the gating interval may prevent the transmitting device from using the channel for a period of time.
In some cases, it may be useful for a transmitting device to generate gating intervals on a periodic basis and synchronize at least one boundary of the gating intervals with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure. For example, it may be useful to generate a periodic gating interval for the downlink in the unlicensed spectrum and synchronize at least one boundary of the periodic gating interval with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure associated with the downlink. Examples of such synchronization are shown in fig. 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D.
Fig. 6A shows a first example 600 of a periodic gating interval 605 for transmission (uplink and/or downlink) in an unlicensed spectrum. The periodic gating interval 605 may be used by an eNB supporting LTE-U (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. Gating interval 605 may be used with system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
As an example, the duration of the periodic gating interval 605 is shown to be equal to (or approximately equal to) the duration of the periodic frame structure 610. In some embodiments, the periodic frame structure 610 may be associated with a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) of the downlink. In some embodiments, "about equal to" means that the duration of the periodic gating interval 605 is within the Cyclic Prefix (CP) duration of the periodic frame structure 610.
At least one boundary of the periodic gating interval 605 may be synchronized with at least one boundary of the periodic frame structure 610. In some cases, periodic gating interval 605 may have boundaries that are aligned with the frame boundaries of periodic frame structure 610. In other cases, the periodic gating interval 605 may have a boundary that is synchronous with but offset from the frame boundary of the periodic frame structure 610. For example, the boundaries of periodic gating interval 605 may be aligned with the sub-frame boundaries of periodic frame structure 610 or with the sub-frame midpoint boundaries (e.g., midpoints of particular sub-frames) of periodic frame structure 610.
In some cases, each periodic frame structure 610 may include an LTE radio frame (e.g., LTE radio frame (N-1), LTE radio frame (N), or LTE radio frame (n+1)). Each LTE radio frame may have a duration of ten milliseconds, and the periodic gating interval 605 may also have a duration of ten milliseconds. In these cases, the boundary of the periodic gating interval 605 may be synchronized with the boundary (e.g., frame boundary, subframe boundary, or subframe midpoint boundary) of one of the LTE radio frames (e.g., LTE radio frame (N)).
Fig. 6B shows a second example 600-a of periodic gating intervals 605-a for transmissions (uplink and/or downlink) in an unlicensed spectrum. The periodic gating interval 605-a may be used by an eNB supporting LTE-U (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. Gating interval 605 may be used with system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
As an example, the duration of the periodic gating interval 605-a is shown as being (or about a factor of) the duration of the periodic frame structure 610. In some embodiments, "about a factor thereof" means that the duration of the periodic gating interval 605-a is within the Cyclic Prefix (CP) duration of the duration of a factor (e.g., half) of the periodic frame structure 610.
At least one boundary of the periodic gating interval 605-a may be synchronized with at least one boundary of the periodic frame structure 610. In some cases, the periodic gating interval 605-a may have a leading edge or trailing edge boundary aligned with a leading edge (trailing edge) or trailing edge (trailing) frame boundary of the periodic frame structure 610. In other cases, periodic gating interval 605-a may have a boundary that is synchronous with, but offset from, each of the frame boundaries of periodic frame structure 610. For example, the boundary of periodic gating interval 605-a may be aligned with a sub-frame boundary of periodic frame structure 610 or with a sub-frame midpoint boundary (e.g., a midpoint of a particular sub-frame) of periodic frame structure 610.
In some cases, each periodic frame structure 610 may include an LTE radio frame (e.g., LTE radio frame (N-1), LTE radio frame (N), or LTE radio frame (n+1)). Each LTE radio frame may have a duration of ten milliseconds and the periodic gating interval 605-a may have a duration of five milliseconds. In these cases, the boundary of the periodic gating interval 605-a may be synchronized with the boundary (e.g., frame boundary, subframe boundary, or subframe midpoint boundary) of one of the LTE radio frames (e.g., LTE radio frame (N)). The periodic gating interval 605-a may then be repeated, for example, with each periodic frame structure 610 repeated more than once (e.g., twice) for the periodic gating interval 605-a, or with each nth periodic frame structure 610 repeated once (e.g., n=2, 3 … …) for the periodic gating interval 605-a.
Fig. 6C shows a third example 600-b of periodic gating intervals 605-b for transmissions (uplink and/or downlink) in an unlicensed spectrum. The periodic gating interval 605-b may be used by an LTE-U capable eNB (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. Gating interval 605 may be used with system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
As an example, the duration of the periodic gating interval 605-b is shown as being (or about) an integer multiple of the duration of the periodic frame structure 610. In some embodiments, "about an integer multiple thereof" means that the duration of the periodic gating interval 605-b is within an integer multiple (e.g., twice) of the duration of the periodic frame structure 610 Cyclic Prefix (CP) duration.
At least one boundary of the periodic gating interval 605-b may be synchronized with at least one boundary of the periodic frame structure 610. In some cases, the periodic gating interval 605-b may have a leading edge boundary and a trailing edge boundary aligned with a leading edge or trailing edge frame boundary, respectively, of the periodic frame structure 610. In other cases, periodic gating interval 605-b may have a boundary that is synchronous with, but offset from, the frame boundary of periodic frame structure 610. For example, the boundary of periodic gating interval 605-b may be aligned with a sub-frame boundary of periodic frame structure 610 or with a sub-frame midpoint boundary (e.g., a midpoint of a particular sub-frame) of periodic frame structure 610.
In some cases, each periodic frame structure 610 may include an LTE radio frame (e.g., LTE radio frame (N-1), LTE radio frame (N), or LTE radio frame (n+1)). Each LTE radio frame may have a duration of ten milliseconds and the periodic gating interval 605-b may have a duration of twenty milliseconds. In these cases, the boundary of the periodic gating interval 605-b may be synchronized with the boundary (e.g., frame boundary, subframe boundary, or subframe midpoint boundary) of one or both LTE radio frames (e.g., LTE radio frame (N) and LTE radio frame (n+1)).
Fig. 6D shows a fourth example 600-c of periodic gating intervals 605-c for transmissions (uplink and/or downlink) in an unlicensed spectrum. The periodic gating interval 605-c may be used by an LTE-U capable eNB (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. Gating interval 605 may be used with system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
As an example, the duration of the periodic gating interval 605-c is shown as being (or about) a factor of the duration of the periodic frame structure 610. The factor may be one tenth of the duration of the periodic frame structure 610.
At least one boundary of the periodic gating interval 605-c may be synchronized with at least one boundary of the periodic frame structure 610. In some cases, periodic gating interval 605-c may have a leading or trailing edge boundary aligned with a leading or trailing edge frame boundary of periodic frame structure 610. In other cases, periodic gating interval 605-c may have a boundary that is synchronous with, but offset from, each of the frame boundaries of periodic frame structure 610. For example, the boundaries of periodic gating intervals 605-c may be aligned with the sub-frame boundaries of periodic frame structure 610 or with the sub-frame midpoint boundaries (e.g., midpoints of particular sub-frames) of periodic frame structure 610.
In some cases, each periodic frame structure 610 may include an LTE radio frame (e.g., LTE radio frame (N-1), LTE radio frame (N), or LTE radio frame (n+1)). Each LTE radio frame may have a duration of ten milliseconds, and the periodic gating interval 605-c may have a duration of one millisecond (e.g., the duration of one subframe). In these cases, the boundary of the periodic gating interval 605-c may be synchronized with the boundary (e.g., frame boundary, subframe boundary, or subframe midpoint boundary) of one of the LTE radio frames (e.g., LTE radio frame (N)). Then, for example, periodic gating interval 605-c may be repeated with each periodic frame structure 610, more than once per periodic frame structure 610, or more than once per nth periodic frame structure 610 (e.g., n=2, 3 … …).
Fig. 7A shows a fifth example 700 of a periodic gating interval 605-d-1 for transmissions (uplink and/or downlink) in an unlicensed spectrum. Periodic gating interval 605-d-1 may be used by an LTE-U enabled eNB (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. Gating interval 605-d-1 may be used with system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
As an example, the duration of the periodic gating interval 605-d-1 is shown as being equal to (or approximately equal to) the duration of the periodic frame structure 610-a. In some embodiments, the periodic frame structure 610-a may be associated with a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) of the downlink. The boundaries of the periodic gating interval 605-d-1 may be synchronized (e.g., aligned) with the boundaries of the periodic frame structure 610-a.
The periodic frame structure 610-a may include an LTE radio frame having ten subframes (e.g., SF0, SF1, … … SF 9). Subframes SF0 to SF8 may be downlink (D) subframes 710, and subframe SF9 may be a special (S') subframe 715. The D and/or S 'subframes 710 and/or 715 may collectively define a channel occupation time of the LTE radio frame, and at least a portion of the S' subframe 715 may define a channel idle time. According to current LTE standards, an LTE radio frame may have a maximum channel occupation time (ON time) of between one and 9.5 milliseconds, and a minimum channel idle time (OFF time) of five percent (e.g., a minimum of 50 microseconds) of the channel occupation time. To ensure compliance with the LTE standard, the periodic gating interval 605-d may follow these requirements of the LTE standard by providing a 0.5 millisecond guard period (i.e., OFF time) as part of the S' subframe 715.
Because the S' subframe 715 has a duration of one millisecond, it may include one or more CCA slots 720 (e.g., time slots) in which transmitting devices contending for a particular channel of the unlicensed spectrum may perform their CCA. When the CCA of the transmitting device indicates that the channel is available, but the CCA of the device is completed before the end of the periodic gating interval 605-d-1, the device may transmit one or more signals to reserve the channel until the end of the periodic gating interval 605-d-1. In some cases, the one or more signals may include a channel usage pilot signal (cup) or a Channel Usage Beacon Signal (CUBS) 730. CUBS730 is described in detail later in this specification, but CUBS730 may be used for both channel synchronization and channel reservation. That is, a device performing CCA for a channel after another device begins transmitting CUBS on the channel may detect energy of CUBS730 and determine that the channel is not currently available.
After the transmitting device successfully completes CCA for the channel and/or transmission of CUBS730 over the channel, the transmitting device may transmit a waveform (e.g., LTE-based waveform 740) using the channel for up to a predetermined period of time (e.g., one gating interval or one LTE radio frame).
Fig. 7B shows a sixth example 705 of periodic gating intervals 605-d-2 for transmissions (uplink and/or downlink) in the unlicensed spectrum. The periodic gating interval 605-d-2 may be used by an eNB or a UE supporting LTE-U (LTE-U eNB or LTE-U UE). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, and examples of such UEs may be UEs 115, 115-a and 115-B in fig. 1. Gating interval 605-d-2 may be used with system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
As an example, the duration of the periodic gating interval 605-d-2 is shown as being equal to (or approximately equal to) the duration of the periodic frame structure 610-a. In some embodiments, the periodic frame structure 610-a may be associated with a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) of the downlink. The boundaries of the periodic gating interval 605-d-2 may be synchronized (e.g., aligned) with the boundaries of the periodic frame structure 610-a.
The periodic frame structure 610-b may include LTE radio frames with ten subframes (e.g., SF0, SF1, … … SF 9). Subframes SF0 to SF4 may be downlink (D) subframes 710; subframe SF5 may be a special (S) subframe 735; subframes SF6 to SF8 may be uplink (U) subframes 745; the subframe SF9 may be a special (S') subframe 715. D. S, U and/or S ' subframes 710, 735, 745 and/or 715 may collectively define a channel occupancy time of the LTE radio frame, and at least a portion of S subframe 735 and/or S' subframe 715 may define a channel idle time. According to current LTE standards, an LTE radio frame may have a maximum channel occupation time (ON time) of between one and 9.5 milliseconds, and a minimum channel idle time (OFF time) of five percent (e.g., a minimum of 50 microseconds) of the channel occupation time. To ensure compliance with the LTE standard, the periodic gating interval 605-d-2 may follow these requirements of the LTE standard by providing a 0.5 millisecond guard period or silence period (i.e., OFF time) as part of the S subframe 735 and/or S' subframe 715.
Because the S' subframe 715 has a duration of one millisecond, it may include one or more CCA slots 720 (e.g., time slots) in which a transmitting device contending for a particular channel of the unlicensed spectrum may perform its CCA. When the CCA of the transmitting device indicates that the channel is available, but the CCA of the device is completed before the end of the periodic gating interval 605-d-2, the device may transmit one or more signals to reserve the channel until the end of the periodic gating interval 605-d-2. In some cases, the one or more signals may include a cut or CUBS 730. CUBS730 is described in detail later in this specification, but CUBS730 may be used for both channel synchronization and channel reservation. That is, a device performing CCA for a channel after another device begins transmitting CUBS on the channel may detect energy of CUBS730 and determine that the channel is not currently available.
After the transmitting device successfully completes CCA for the channel and/or transmission of CUBS730 over the channel, the transmitting device may transmit a waveform (e.g., LTE-based waveform 740) using the channel for up to a predetermined period of time (e.g., one gating interval or one LTE radio frame).
When channels in the unlicensed spectrum are reserved by, for example, a base station or eNB for a gating interval or LTE radio frame, the base station or eNB may in some cases reserve channels for Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM) use. In these examples, the base station or eNB may transmit data in multiple D subframes (e.g., subframes SF 0-SF 4) and then allow a UE that is communicating with it to perform CCA750 (e.g., uplink CCA) in an S subframe (e.g., subframe SF 5). When the CCA750 is successful, the UE may transmit data to the base station or eNB in a plurality of U subframes (e.g., subframes SF6 through SF 8).
When the gating interval defines an application of the LBT protocol specified in ETSI (EN 301 893), the gating interval may take the form of a fixed LBT-based equipment (LBT-FBE) gating interval or an LBT load-based equipment (LBT-LBE) gating interval. The LBT-FBE gating interval may have a fixed/periodic timing and may not be directly affected by traffic demand (e.g., its timing may be changed by reconfiguration). In contrast, LBT-LBE gating intervals may not have fixed timing (i.e., are asynchronous) and may be largely affected by traffic demands. Fig. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, and 7 each illustrate an example of a periodic gating interval 605, wherein the periodic gating interval 605 may be an LBT-FBE gating interval. One potential advantage of the periodic gating interval 605 described with reference to fig. 6A is that it may preserve the structure of the ten millisecond LTE radio frame defined in the current LTE specification. However, when the duration of the gating interval is less than the duration of the LTE radio frame (e.g., as described with reference to fig. 6B or 6D), the advantages of retaining the LTE radio frame structure no longer exist, and LBT-LBE gating intervals may be advantageous. A potential advantage of using an LBT-LBE gating interval is that it can preserve the subframe structure of the LTE PHY channel without any symbol puncturing at the beginning or end of the gating interval. However, a potential drawback of using LBT-LBE gating intervals is that the use of gating intervals between different enbs of an LTE-U operator cannot be synchronized (e.g., because each eNB uses a random back-off time for an extended CCA).
Fig. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method 800 for wireless communication. For clarity, the method 800 is described below with reference to one of the eNB 105 or UE 115 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 or UEs 115 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the enbs 105 or UEs 115 to perform the functions described below.
At block 805, periodic gating intervals for the downlink in the unlicensed spectrum may be generated.
At block 810, at least one boundary of the periodic gating interval may be synchronized with at least one boundary of a periodic frame structure associated with the PCC of the downlink. In some embodiments, the PCC may comprise a carrier in the licensed spectrum.
In some embodiments, the periodic gating interval may comprise an LBT frame and/or the periodic frame structure may comprise an LTE radio frame.
In some embodiments, the duration of the periodic gating interval may be an integer multiple of the duration of the periodic frame structure. Examples of such embodiments are described above with reference to fig. 6A and 6C. In other embodiments, the duration of the periodic gating interval may be a factor of the duration of the periodic frame structure. Examples of such embodiments are described above with reference to fig. 6B and 6D.
Thus, the method 800 may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 800 is merely one implementation, and that the operations of method 800 may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
Fig. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D illustrate how a contention-based protocol such as LBT may be implemented within an S 'subframe 725-a of a gating interval (e.g., an S' subframe of a ten millisecond gating interval 605-D-1 or 605-D-2 described with reference to fig. 7A or 7B). For example, the base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be utilized to employ a contention-based protocol. The contention-based protocol may be utilized with the system 100 of fig. 1 and portions of the systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
Referring now to fig. 9A and 9B, an example 900/900-a of an S' subframe 725-a-1 having a guard period 905 and a CCA period 910 is shown. As an example, each of the guard period 905 and the CCA period 910 may have a duration of 0.5 milliseconds and include seven OFDM symbol positions 915. As shown in fig. 9B, each of the OFDM symbol positions 915 in the CCA period 910 may be converted into a CCA slot 720-a when the eNB selects the OFDM symbol position 915 for performing CCA. In some cases, the same or different ones of OFDM symbol positions 915 may be pseudo-randomly selected by an eNB of the plurality of enbs to provide a CCA time jitter. The eNB may be operated by a single LTE-U operator or by a different LTE-U operator. The OFDM symbol positions 915 may be selected pseudo-randomly because the enbs may be configured to select different ones of the OFDM symbol positions at different times, thereby giving each of the plurality of enbs an opportunity to select the OFDM symbol position 915 that occurs earliest in time. This may be advantageous because the first eNB to perform a successful CCA has the opportunity to reserve the corresponding channel or channels of the unlicensed spectrum, and the pseudo-random selection of the OFDM symbol position 915 for performing the CCA by the eNB ensures that it has the same opportunity to perform a successful CCA as each other eNB. Where the eNB is operated by a single LTE-U operator, the eNB may be configured in some cases to select the same CCA slot 720-a.
Fig. 9C shows an example 920 of an S' subframe 725-a-2 with a guard period 905 and a CCA period 910. As an example, each guard period 905 may have a duration of 0.5 milliseconds and include seven OFDM symbol positions. The CCA period 910 may include one OFDM symbol position or a fraction of one OFDM symbol position, which may include one or more CCA slots, each CCA slot having a duration less than or equal to the OFDM symbol position. CCA period 910 may be followed by CUBS period 930. The guard period 905 may be preceded by a shortened D subframe 925. In some examples, all wireless nodes (e.g., all base stations or enbs) associated with an operator or Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) may perform CCA simultaneously during the CCA period 910. The S' subframe 725-a-2 shown in fig. 9C may be useful in a scenario in which an operator operates asynchronously with respect to other operators with whom the operator contends for access to the unlicensed spectrum.
Fig. 9D shows an example 950 of an S' subframe 725-a-3 with a shortened D subframe 925, CCA period 910, and CUBS period 930. The CCA period 910 may include one OFDM symbol position or a fraction of one OFDM symbol position, which may include one or more CCA slots, each CCA slot having a duration less than or equal to the OFDM symbol position. CCA period 910 may be followed by CUBS period 930. In some examples, all wireless nodes (e.g., all base stations or enbs) associated with an operator or Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) may perform CCA simultaneously during the CCA period 910. The S 'subframe 725-a-3 shown in fig. 9D may be useful in a scenario in which an operator operates asynchronously with respect to other operators with whom the operator contends for access to the unlicensed spectrum, and uses the S' subframe 725-a-3 in the context of TDM (e.g., with gating interval 605-D-2). When used in the context of TDM, the silence period may be provided in the S subframe of the frame of which S' subframe 725-a-3 forms a part.
Fig. 10A and 10B provide examples of how an S 'subframe, such as S' subframe 725-a described with reference to fig. 9A and/or 9B, may be used in conjunction with the current gating interval 605. As an example, the current gating interval 605-e, 605g shown in fig. 10A and 10B may be an example of the ten millisecond gating interval 605-d described with reference to fig. 7. For example, the use of S' subframes in combination with the current gating interval may be handled by the base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. The use of S' subframes that may be processed in connection with the current gating interval may be part of system 100 in fig. 1 and utilizing systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and/or 2B.
Fig. 10A provides an example 1000 in which an S' subframe is included as the last subframe of the current gating interval 605-e. Thus, the guard period 905-a and CCA period 910-a of the S' subframe occur at the end of the current gating interval 605-e just before the trailing edge boundary of the current gating interval 605-e and the beginning of the next transmission interval 605-f. Depending ON whether the CCA performed by the transmitting device indicates that unlicensed spectrum is available or unavailable during the next transmission interval 605-f, the next transmission interval 605-f may be gated ON (gate ON) or gated OFF (gate OFF) for downlink transmissions by each of the plurality of transmitting devices. In some cases, the next transmission interval 605-f may also be the next gating interval.
Fig. 10B provides an example 100-a in which an S' subframe is included as the first subframe of the current gating interval 605-g. Thus, the guard period 905-b and CCA period 910-b of the S' subframe occur at the beginning of the current gating interval 605-g, just after the leading edge boundary of the current gating interval 605-g. Depending on whether the CCA performed by the transmitting device indicates that unlicensed spectrum is available or unavailable during the next transmission interval 605-f, the next transmission interval 605-h may be gated on or gated off for the downlink transmission of each of the plurality of transmitting devices. In some cases, the next transmission interval 605-h may also be the next gating interval.
Fig. 10C provides an example 1000-b of how performance of CCA for an unlicensed spectrum (or a channel in an unlicensed spectrum) may be synchronized across multiple enbs 105. As an example, the plurality of enbs 105 may include LTE-U eNB 1 and LTE-U eNB2. For example, the performance of CCA may be provided by base stations 105, 105-a, and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A, and 2B, respectively. The performance of CCA may be used in system 100 in fig. 1 and with portions of systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
Because of the synchronization between eNB1 and eNB 2, S 'subframe 725-b within the current gating interval of eNB1 may be synchronized with S' subframe 725-c within the current gating interval of eNB 2. Furthermore, because of the synchronized pseudo-random CCA slot selection process implemented by each eNB, eNB 2 may select CCA slot 720-c that occurs at a different time (e.g., a different OFDM symbol position) than CCA slot 720-b selected by eNB 1. For example, eNB1 may select CCA slot 720-b aligned with the fifth OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA periods of S' subframes 725-b and 725-c, and eNB 2 may select CCA slot 720-c aligned with the third OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA period.
The next transmission interval following the synchronized S 'subframes 725-b and 725-c may begin after the CCA period of the S' subframes 725-b and 725-c and begin with a D subframe (as shown). Because CCA slot 720-c of eNB 2 is scheduled first in time, eNB 2 has the opportunity to reserve a transmission interval before eNB1 has the opportunity to reserve a transmission interval. However, due to the pseudo-random CCA slot selection procedure implemented by each of eNB1 and eNB 2, eNB1 may be provided with a first opportunity to reserve a later transmission interval (e.g., because its CCA slot may occur at an earlier time than the CCA slot of eNB 2 in a later gating interval).
As an example, fig. 10C shows that there is WiFi transmission (Tx) activity consistent with a portion of the aligned CCA periods in S' subframes 725-b and 725-C. Because of the timing of CCA slot 720-c selected by eNB 2, as a result of performing its CCA, eNB 2 may determine that the unlicensed spectrum is not available and may gate downlink transmissions 1005-a in the unlicensed spectrum for the next transmission interval. As a result of the WiFi Tx activity occurring during the performance of the CCA of eNB 2, downlink transmissions by eNB 2 may thus be prevented.
During CCA slot 720-b, eNB1 may perform its CCA. Because of the CCA slot 720-b timing selected by eNB1, as a result of performing its CCA, eNB1 may determine that unlicensed spectrum is not available (e.g., because WiFi Tx activity did not occur during CCA slot 720-b, and because eNB 2 was not able to reserve one transmission interval at an earlier time). Thus, eNB1 may reserve the next transmission interval and gate the downlink transmission 1005 in the unlicensed spectrum for the next transmission interval. The present specification describes in detail later on a method for reserving unlicensed spectrum (or channels in unlicensed spectrum).
Fig. 9A, 9B, 10A, 10B, and 10C provide examples of how CCA slots 720 may be selected in the context of a ten millisecond gating interval (e.g., gating interval 605-d described with reference to fig. 7). In contrast, fig. 10D, 10E, 10F, and 10G provide examples of how CCA slot 720 may be selected in the context of a one or two millisecond gating interval. A gating interval of ten milliseconds may provide advantages such as low gating interval overhead in the presence of low WiFi activity, as well as the ability to preserve the subframe-based PHY channel design of existing LTE channels. However, it may have the disadvantage of long channel idle time (e.g., 0.5+ milliseconds, depending on CCA delay caused by CCA jitter), which may provide a WiFi node with a short contention window with a transmission opportunity (e.g., a transmission opportunity during the guard period 905 described with reference to fig. 9A and 9B). It may also have the disadvantage of delaying downlink transmissions by at least ten milliseconds when the CCA is unsuccessful. For example, a gating interval of one or two milliseconds may result in higher gating interval overhead, and may require more comprehensive changes to the LTE PHY channel design to support sub-millisecond transmit durations. However, gating intervals of approximately one or two milliseconds may alleviate or eliminate the above-described drawbacks associated with gating intervals of ten milliseconds.
FIG. 10D provides an example 1000-c of a gating interval 605-i of one millisecond. One millisecond gating interval may be used by the base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. One millisecond gating interval may be used in the system 100 of fig. 1 and with portions of the systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and/or 2B.
The current LTE specifications require channel occupancy time (ON time) to be greater than or equal to one millisecond and channel idle time to be greater than or equal to five percent of the channel occupancy time. Thus, the current LTE specifications specify a minimum gating interval duration of 1.05 milliseconds. However, if the LTE specifications can be relaxed to require a minimum channel occupation time of approximately 0.95 milliseconds, then a gating interval of one millisecond would be possible.
As shown in fig. 10D, one millisecond gating interval 605-i may include 14 OFDM symbols (or symbol positions). When a successful CCA is performed during the CCA slot 720-d preceding the gating interval 605-i, a downlink transmission may occur during the first 13 OFDM symbols of the gating interval 605-i. Such downlink transmissions may have a duration (or channel occupancy time) of 929 microseconds. Consistent with current LTE standards, a channel occupation time of 929 microseconds would require a channel idle time 905-a of 48 microseconds, which is less than the duration of 71.4 microseconds for one OFDM symbol. As a result, a channel idle time 905-a of 48 microseconds and one or more CCA slots 720-d may be provided during the 14 th OFDM symbol position. In some cases, two CCA slots 720-d with a total duration of 20 microseconds may be provided during the 14 th OFDM symbol position to achieve a certain amount of CCA randomization (dithering). Notably, each CCA slot 720-d in example 1000-c has a duration less than one OFDM symbol.
Because CCA slot 720-D is placed at the end of the one millisecond gating interval 605-i or subframe shown in fig. 10D, the gating interval 605-i is Common Reference Signal (CRS) friendly. An example 1000-d of a one millisecond gating interval 605-j that is UE specific reference signal (UERS) friendly is shown in fig. 10E. Similar to gating interval 605-i, gating interval 605-j includes 14 OFDM symbols. However, a channel idle time 905-b and a CCA slot 720-e are provided in the first OFDM symbol position. Thus, a successful CCA performed during CCA slot 720-e in current gating interval 605-j enables unlicensed spectrum to be reserved in the current gating interval and enables downlink transmissions to be made in the current gating interval. Thus, the next transmission interval is included in the current gating interval.
FIG. 10F provides an example 1000-e of a two millisecond gating interval 605-k. A gating interval of two milliseconds may be used by the base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. A two millisecond gating interval may be used in the system 100 of fig. 1, as well as with portions of the systems 200 and/or 200-a shown in fig. 2A and/or 2B.
In contrast to one millisecond gating intervals 605-i and 605-j, the two millisecond gating interval 605-k meets current LTE specification requirements for maximum channel occupancy time and minimum channel idle time.
As shown, gating interval 605-k may include D subframes 710-a and S' subframes 725-D. However, the S 'subframes are configured slightly differently from the S' subframes described previously. More specifically, when a successful CCA is performed during the CCA slot 702-f preceding the gating interval 605-k, the first 12 OFDM symbol positions of the S' subframe and the 14 OFDM symbol positions of the previous D subframe may be used for downlink transmission. Thus, the channel occupation time may be 1.857 milliseconds, requiring a 96 microsecond channel idle time 905-c. Thus, the channel idle time 905-c may occupy a portion of the 13 th OFDM symbol position of the S 'subframe and the 14 th OFDM symbol position of the S' subframe. However, the remaining duration of the 14 th OFDM symbol position may be filled at least in part by the plurality of CCA slots 720-f. In some cases, the number of CCA slots 720-f may be three CCA slots 720-f, which provides a slightly greater amount of CCA randomization (dithering) than the one millisecond gating interval described with reference to fig. 10D and 10E.
Because CCA slot 720-F is placed at the end of the two millisecond gating interval 605-k shown in fig. 10F, the gating interval 605-k is CRS friendly. An example 1000-f of a two millisecond gating interval 605-l that is friendly to UERS is shown in fig. 10G. Similar to gating interval 605-k, gating interval 605-l includes D subframe 725-e and S' subframe 710-b. However, the temporal order of the subframes is preserved, with the S' subframe 710-b occurring first in time and the D subframe 725-e occurring later in time. In addition, a channel idle time 905-d and a CCA slot 720-g are provided in the first OFDM symbol position in the S' subframe 710-b. Thus, a successful CCA performed during CCA slot 720-g in current gating interval 605-l enables unlicensed spectrum to be reserved in the current gating interval and enables downlink transmissions to be made in the current gating interval. Thus, the next transmission interval is included in the current gating interval.
Fig. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method 1100 for wireless communication. For clarity, the method 1100 is described with reference to one of the enbs 105 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements in the eNB 105 to implement the functions described below.
At block 1105, a CCA for another unlicensed spectrum is performed in the current gating interval to determine whether the unlicensed spectrum is available for downlink transmission in the next transmission interval. In some cases, performing CCA for the unlicensed spectrum includes performing CCA for one or more channels in the unlicensed spectrum. In some cases, the next transmission interval may be the next gating interval. In other cases, the next transmission interval may be included within the current gating interval. In other cases, such as where an asynchronous LBT-LBE gating interval is used, the next transmission interval may follow the current gating interval, but not be part of the next gating interval.
In block 1115, and when a determination is made that unlicensed spectrum is not available, downlink transmissions in the unlicensed spectrum may be gated for the next transmission interval. Otherwise, when a determination is made that unlicensed spectrum is available, downlink transmissions in the unlicensed spectrum may be gated for the next transmission interval.
In some embodiments of method 1100, CCA may be performed during the first subframe or the first or second OFDM symbol position in the current gating interval. In other embodiments of method 1100, CCA may be performed during the last subframe or the last OFDM symbol position in the current gating interval.
In some embodiments of method 1100, the performance of CCA may be synchronized across multiple enbs (including multiple enbs operated by a single LTE-U operator or operated by different LTE-U operators).
Thus, the method 1100 may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1100 is merely one implementation, and that the operations of method 1100 may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
Fig. 12A is a flow chart illustrating yet another example of a method 1200 for wireless communication. For clarity, the method 1200 is described with reference to one of the enbs 105 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements in the eNB 105 to implement the functions described below.
At block 1205, CCA slots may be synchronized across multiple base stations (e.g., LTE-U eNB 105) to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum (or at least one channel in an unlicensed spectrum) for downlink transmissions in a next transmission interval.
In some embodiments, the CCA slot may be located in the first subframe or the first or second OFDM symbol position of the current gating interval. In other embodiments, the CCA slot may be located in the last subframe or the last OFDM symbol position of the current gating interval.
In some embodiments, such as embodiments in which the gating interval has a duration of ten milliseconds, the interval between the beginning of adjacent CCA slots may be approximately the duration of an OFDM symbol. For purposes of this description, "approximately the duration of an OFDM symbol" includes a duration equal to the OFDM symbol. Fig. 9B illustrates an example in which the interval between the beginning of adjacent CCA slots may be approximately the duration of an OFDM symbol.
Thus, the method 1200 may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that the method 1200 is merely one implementation, and that the operations of the method 1200 may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
Fig. 12B is a flow chart illustrating another example of a method 1200-a for wireless communication. For clarity, the method 1200-a is described with reference to one of the enbs 105 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements in the eNB 105 to implement the functions described below.
At block 1215, CCA slots may be synchronized across multiple base stations (e.g., LTE-U eNB 105) to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum (or at least one channel in an unlicensed spectrum) for downlink transmissions in a next transmission interval.
In some embodiments, the CCA slot may be located in the first subframe or the first or second OFDM symbol position of the current gating interval. In other embodiments, the CCA slot may be located in the last subframe or the last OFDM symbol position in the current gating interval.
In some embodiments, such as embodiments in which the gating interval has a duration of ten milliseconds, the interval between the beginning of adjacent CCA slots may be approximately the duration of an OFDM symbol. Fig. 9B illustrates an example in which the interval between the beginning of adjacent CCA slots may be approximately the duration of an OFDM symbol.
At block 1220, one of the CCA slots is identified as a CCA slot in which the availability of the unlicensed spectrum is determined. One of the CCA slots may be identified based at least in part on a pseudo-randomly selected sequence driven by a randomization seed.
In some embodiments, at least a subset of the plurality of base stations may use the same randomization seed for their generation of pseudo-random sequences. The subset may be associated with deployment of base stations by a single operator.
Thus, the method 1200-a may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1200-a is merely one implementation, and that the operations of method 1200-a may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
Fig. 13A is a flow chart illustrating another example of a method 1300 for wireless communication. For clarity, the method 1300 is described with reference to one of the enbs 105 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements in the eNB 105 to implement the functions described below.
At block 1305, the CCA may be performed during one of a plurality of CCA slots synchronized across a plurality of enbs 105 (e.g., LTE-U enbs) to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum (or at least one channel in the unlicensed spectrum) for downlink transmissions in a next transmission interval.
In some embodiments, different enbs may perform CCA using different CCA slots of the plurality of CCA slots during the gating interval. In other embodiments, two or more enbs may perform CCA using the same CCA slot during the gating interval (e.g., when there is coordination between subsets of enbs, e.g., coordination between enbs deployed by a single operator).
Thus, the method 1300 may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1300 is merely one implementation, and that the operations of method 1300 may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
Fig. 13B is a flow chart illustrating yet another example of a method 1300-a for wireless communication. For clarity, method 1300-a is described with reference to one of enbs 105 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements in the eNB 105 to implement the functions described below.
At block 1315, a CCA slot may be identified (e.g., by an eNB) from a plurality of CCA slots synchronized across a plurality of enbs 105 (e.g., LTE-U enbs). The time slots may be identified based at least in part on a pseudo-randomly selected sequence generated by the randomization seed. In alternative embodiments, the time slots may be identified based at least in part on coordination information exchanged between at least a subset of enbs over a backhaul (e.g., backhaul 132 or 134 described with reference to fig. 1).
At block 1320, CCA may be performed during the identified CCA slot to determine availability of the unlicensed spectrum (or at least one channel in the unlicensed spectrum) for downlink transmissions in the next transmission interval.
In some embodiments, different enbs may identify different CCA slots of the plurality of CCA slots to perform CCA during the gating interval. In other embodiments, two or more enbs may identify the same CCA slot to perform CCA during the gating interval.
Thus, the method 1300-a may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1300-a is just one implementation and that the operations of method 1300 may be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.
Fig. 14A provides another example 1400 of how performance of CCA for an unlicensed spectrum (or a channel in an unlicensed spectrum) may be synchronized across multiple enbs 105. examples of enbs 105 may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. In some examples, the performance of the CCA may be synchronized across enbs 105 used in the system 100 of fig. 1 or used with portions of the system 100 shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
Fig. 14A also illustrates how an unlicensed spectrum may be reserved by one or more of enbs 105 following a successful CCA. As an example, the plurality of enbs 105 may include LTE-U eNB 1, LTE-U eNB 2, and LTE-U eNB 3.
As shown, the boundaries of the current gating intervals of each eNB (e.g., eNB 1, eNB 2, and eNB 3) may be synchronized, providing synchronization to the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-h of the enbs. The CCA period of each S' subframe may include a plurality of CCA slots 720. Due to the synchronized pseudo-random CCA slot selection procedure implemented by each eNB, eNB 2 may select CCA slots 720-i that occur at different times (e.g., different OFDM symbol positions) than CCA slots 720-h selected by eNB 1. For example, eNB 1 may select CCA slot 720-h aligned with the fifth OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA periods of S' subframes 725-f and 725-g, and eNB 2 may select CCA slot 720-i aligned with the third OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA period. However, when eNB3 is deployed by the same operator as eNB 1, eNB3 may synchronize the timing of its CCA slot 720-j with the timing of the CCA slot 720-h selected for eNB 1. The operators deploying both eNB 1 and eNB3 may then determine which eNB is allowed to access the unlicensed spectrum, or coordinate simultaneous access to the unlicensed spectrum by means of orthogonal transmission and/or other transmission mechanisms.
As shown, the next transmission interval following the synchronized S 'subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-h may begin after the CCA period of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-h and begin with a D subframe. Because CCA slot 720-i of eNB 2 is scheduled first in time, eNB 2 has the opportunity to reserve one transmission interval before eNB1 and eNB3 have the opportunity to reserve one transmission interval. However, due to the pseudo-random CCA slot selection procedure implemented by each eNB1, eNB 2 and eNB3, the eNB1 or eNB3 may be provided with a first opportunity to reserve a later transmission interval.
As an example, fig. 14A shows that there is WiFi transmission (Tx) activity coinciding with a portion of the aligned CCA period of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-h. Due to the timing of CCA slots 720-i selected by eNB 2, as a result of performing its CCA, eNB 2 may determine that the unlicensed spectrum is unavailable and may gate downlink transmissions 1005-c in the unlicensed spectrum for the next transmission interval. Accordingly, downlink transmissions by eNB 2 may be prevented as a result of WiFi Tx activity occurring during performance of the CCA of eNB 2.
During CCA slots 720-h and 720-j, eNB1 and eNB3 may perform respective CCA. Because of the timing of the CCA slots 720-h, 720-j selected by eNB1 and eNB3, each of eNB1 and eNB3 may determine that unlicensed spectrum is available as a result of performing its CCA (e.g., because no WiFi Tx activity occurred during CCA slots 720-h, 720-i, and because eNB 2 is not able to reserve one transmission interval at an earlier time). Thus, eNB1 and eNB3 may each reserve one transmission interval and gate off downlink transmissions 1005b, 1005-d in the unlicensed spectrum for the next transmission interval.
The eNB may reserve the next transmission interval by transmitting one or more signals before the next transmission interval to reserve unlicensed spectrum during the next transmission interval. For example, after determining that unlicensed spectrum is available (e.g., by performing a successful CCA), eNB 1 may utilize CUBS 1010-a to fill each of its CCA slots after the performance of a successful CCA. CUBS 1010-a may include one or more signals detectable by other devices to let the other devices know that unlicensed spectrum (or at least one channel therein) has been reserved for use by another device (e.g., by eNB 1). CUBS 1010-a may be detected by both LTE and WiFi devices. Unlike most LTE signals that start at subframe boundaries, CUBS 1010-a may start at OFDM symbol boundaries.
In some cases, CUBS 1010-a may include a placeholder signal transmitted for the purpose of reserving unlicensed spectrum. In other cases, CUBS 1010-a may include, for example, at least one pilot signal for one or both of time-frequency synchronization and channel quality estimation over an unlicensed spectrum. The pilot signals may be used by one or more UEs 115 to make channel quality measurements on different resource elements so that channel quality may be reported to the eNB 1. The eNB 1 may then receive a report from the UE 115 in response to the channel quality of the CUBS 1010-a and allocate resource elements for transmission from the eNB 1 to the UE 115 to provide fractional resource reuse among the plurality of UEs 115 to avoid interference among the plurality of UEs 115.
In some embodiments, CUBS 1010-a may be repeatedly transmitted, where the transmission of each signal begins at a boundary of one of a plurality of CCA slots.
In some embodiments, it may be ensured that at least one OFDM symbol position value of the CUBS is transmitted following a successful CCA to assist in time/frequency synchronization between the transmitting LTE-U eNB and the receiving UE.
In some embodiments, and when there is more than two OFDM symbol durations between a successful CCA and the beginning of the next transmission interval, the third and subsequent CUBS transmissions may be modified to carry downlink data and control information from the transmitting LTE-U eNB to the receiving UE.
In some embodiments, the CUBS 1010-a may be constructed emulating the downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS) structure defined in the current LTE specifications.
In some embodiments, CUBS 1010-a may include a wideband waveform carrying a signature sequence determined by the deployment ID (DeploymentID) of the transmitting LTE-U eNB. The signature sequence may be a known sequence with low information content and is therefore IC friendly for LTE-U receiving nodes. In some cases, the wideband waveform may be transmitted at full transmit power to overcome the transmit power spectral density (Tx-PSD) and minimum bandwidth (min-BW) limitations, as well as to silence other nodes (e.g., wiFi nodes).
The eNB 3 may likewise utilize the CUBS 1010-b to populate each of its CCA slots following performance of a successful CCA and may receive a channel quality report from a different one of the UEs 115.
Fig. 14B provides yet another example 1400-a of how performance of CCA for unlicensed spectrum (or channels in unlicensed spectrum) is synchronized across multiple enbs 105. examples of enbs 105 may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. In some examples, the performance of the CCA may be synchronized across enbs 105 used in the system 100 of fig. 1 or used with portions of the system 100 shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
Fig. 14B also shows how an unlicensed spectrum may be reserved by one of the enbs 105 following a successful CCA. As an example, the plurality of enbs 105 may include LTE-U eNB 1, LTE-U eNB 2, and LTE-U eNB 4.
As shown, the boundaries of the current gating intervals of each eNB (e.g., eNB 1, eNB 2, and eNB 4) may be synchronized, providing synchronization of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i of the enbs. The CCA period of each S' subframe may include a plurality of CCA slots 720. Due to the synchronized pseudo-random CCA slot selection procedure implemented by each eNB, eNB 2 may select CCA slots 720-i that occur at different times (e.g., different OFDM symbol positions) than CCA slots 720-h selected by eNB 1. For example, eNB 1 may select CCA slot 720-h aligned with the fifth OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA periods of S' subframes 725-f and 725-g, and eNB 2 may select CCA slot 720-i aligned with the third OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA period. Similarly, eNB 4 may select CCA slots 720-k that occur at different times than CCA slots 720-h, 720-i selected by each of eNB 1 and eNB 2 (e.g., because eNB 4 may not be deployed by the same operator as eNB 1, as in the case of eNB 3 described with reference to fig. 14A). For example, the eNB 4 may select a CCA slot 720-k aligned with the sixth OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA period.
As shown, the next transmission interval following the synchronized S 'subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i may begin after the CCA period of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i and begin with a D subframe. Because CCA slot 720-i of eNB 2 is scheduled first in time, eNB 2 has the opportunity to reserve one transmission interval before eNB1 and eNB4 have the opportunity to reserve one transmission interval. However, due to the pseudo random CCA slot selection procedure implemented by each of eNB1, eNB 2 and eNB4, eNB1 or eNB4 may be provided with a first opportunity to reserve a later transmission interval.
As an example, fig. 14B shows that there is WiFi transmission (Tx) activity coinciding with a portion of the aligned CCA period of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i. However, because WiFi Tx activity does not coincide with the timing of CCA slot 720-i selected by eNB 2, as a result of performing its CCA, eNB 2 may determine that unlicensed spectrum is available and may gate off downlink transmissions 1005-c in the unlicensed spectrum for the next transmission interval. Furthermore, and following its successful CCA, eNB 2 may fill the subsequent CCA slot with CUBS 1010-c, thereby reserving a transmission interval for its own use.
During CCA slots 720-h and 720-k, both eNB1 and eNB4 may perform their respective CCA. However, because eNB 2 has begun transmitting CUBS1010-c, eNB1 and eNB4 determine that unlicensed spectrum is unavailable. In other words, since eNB 2 has reserved the unlicensed spectrum, eNB1 and eNB4 are blocked from the unlicensed spectrum.
Fig. 14C provides yet another example 1400-b of how performance of CCA for unlicensed spectrum (or channels in unlicensed spectrum) is synchronized across multiple enbs 105. examples of enbs 105 may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. In some examples, the performance of the CCA may be synchronized across enbs 506 used in the system 100 of fig. 1 or used with portions of the system 100 shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
Fig. 14C also shows how an unlicensed spectrum may be reserved by one of the enbs 105 following a successful CCA. As an example, the plurality of enbs 105 may include LTE-U eNB1, LTE-U eNB 2, and LTE-U eNB 4.
As shown, the boundaries of the current gating intervals of each eNB (e.g., eNB1, eNB 2, and eNB 4) may be synchronized, providing synchronization of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i of the enbs. The CCA period of each S' subframe may include a plurality of CCA slots 720. Due to the synchronized pseudo-random CCA slot selection procedure implemented by each eNB, eNB 2 may select CCA slots 720-i that occur at different times (e.g., different OFDM symbol positions) than CCA slots 720-h selected by eNB 1. For example, eNB1 may select CCA slot 720-h aligned with the fifth OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA periods of S' subframes 725-f and 725-g, and eNB 2 may select CCA slot 720-i aligned with the third OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA period. Similarly, eNB4 may select CCA slots 720-k that occur at different times than CCA slots 720-h, 720-i selected by each of eNB1 and eNB 2 (e.g., because eNB 3 may not be deployed by the same operator as eNB1, as in the case of the example described with reference to fig. 14A). For example, the eNB4 may select a CCA slot 720-k aligned with the sixth OFDM symbol position of the aligned CCA period.
As shown, the next transmission interval following the synchronized S 'subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i may begin after the CCA period of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i and begin with a D subframe. Because CCA slot 720-i of eNB 2 is scheduled first in time, eNB 2 has the opportunity to reserve one transmission interval before eNB1 and eNB4 have the opportunity to reserve one transmission interval. However, due to the pseudo random CCA slot selection procedure implemented by each of eNB1, eNB 2 and eNB4, eNB1 or eNB4 may be provided with a first opportunity to reserve a later transmission interval.
As an example, fig. 14C shows that there is WiFi transmission (Tx) activity coinciding with a portion of the aligned CCA period of the S' subframes 725-f, 725-g, 725-i. Due to the timing of CCA slots 720-i selected by eNB 2, as a result of performing its CCA, eNB 2 may determine that the unlicensed spectrum is unavailable and may gate downlink transmissions 1005-c in the unlicensed spectrum for the next transmission interval. Accordingly, downlink transmissions by eNB 2 may be prevented as a result of WiFi Tx activity occurring during performance of the CCA by eNB 2.
During CCA slot 720-h, eNB1 may perform its CCA and determine that unlicensed spectrum is available (e.g., because WiFi Tx activity did not occur during CCA slot 720-h, and because eNB 2 was not able to reserve one transmission interval at an earlier time). Thus, eNB1 may reserve the next transmission interval and gate the downlink transmission 1005-b in the unlicensed spectrum for the next transmission interval. In addition, following its successful CCA, eNB1 may fill the subsequent CCA slot with CUBS1010-d, thereby reserving a transmission interval for its own use.
During CCA slot 720-k, eNB 4 may perform its CCA and detect CUBS1010-d. As a result, eNB 4 may determine that the unlicensed spectrum is unavailable and gate downlink transmissions 1005-d in the unlicensed spectrum. In other words, since eNB1 has reserved the unlicensed spectrum, eNB 4 is blocked from the unlicensed spectrum.
In fig. 14A, 14B, and 14C, CUBS1010 is transmitted before the next transmission interval to reserve unlicensed spectrum for use by LTE-U enbs during the next transmission interval. However, in some embodiments, to provide time/frequency synchronization for, for example, LTE-U enbs and UEs that communicate during an active transmission interval, CUBS1010 may be sent at the beginning of the active transmission interval.
In some embodiments, the CUBS may be transmitted for a duration less than an OFDM symbol. The transmission of CUBS for fewer than OFDM symbols may be referred to as Partial CUBS (PCUBS). As an example, and in the context of one or two millisecond gating intervals described with reference to fig. 10D, 10E, 10F, and 10G, PCUBS may be sent between the performance of a successful CCA and the beginning of the next OFDM symbol boundary. In some embodiments, PCUBS may be obtained from the full symbol CUBS by puncturing three-quarters tones and truncating the CUBS to a desired duration. Alternatively, PCUBS may be formed from a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) preamble and header based on the IEEE 802.11g/n standard, which may silence at least WiFi nodes compliant with the standard.
Fig. 15 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method 1500 for wireless communication. For clarity, the method 1500 is described below with reference to one of the enbs 105 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 1505, CCA may be performed during one of a plurality of CCA slots synchronized across a plurality of enbs 105 (e.g., LTE-U enbs) to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum (or at least one channel in an unlicensed spectrum) for downlink transmissions in a next transmission interval.
In some embodiments, different enbs may perform CCA using different CCA slots of the plurality of CCA slots during the gating interval. In other embodiments, two or more enbs may perform CCA using the same CCA slot during the gating interval (e.g., when coordination between subsets of enbs is present, such as coordination between enbs deployed by a single operator).
At block 1510, and when unlicensed spectrum is available (e.g., when unlicensed spectrum is determined to be available by performing a successful CCA), one or more signals may be transmitted prior to the next transmission interval to reserve unlicensed spectrum during the next transmission level. In some cases, as described with reference to fig. 14A, 14B, and/or 14C, one or more signals may include CUBS 1010.
In some embodiments, the one or more signals transmitted before the next transmission interval may include at least one pilot signal for one or both of time-frequency synchronization and channel quality estimation over the unlicensed spectrum. The pilot signals may be used by one or more UEs 115 to make channel quality measurements on different resource elements so that channel quality may be reported to the eNB 105 that transmitted the one or more signals. The eNB 105 may then receive a report of channel quality in response to the pilot signal from the UE 115 and allocate resource elements for transmission from the eNB 105 to the UE 115 to provide fractional resource reuse among the plurality of UEs 115 to avoid interference among the plurality of UEs 115.
Thus, the method 1500 may provide for wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1500 is merely one implementation, and that the operations of method 1500 may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
When gating access to unlicensed spectrum, the gating interval may force the LTE-U eNB to silence several LTE radio frames. Because of this, an LTE-U eNB that relies on conventional LTE feedback information reporting (e.g., channel State Information (CSI)) may not have up-to-date Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) information before scheduling downlink transmissions. LTE-U enbs that rely on conventional LTE feedback information reporting may also fail to receive hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) in a timely manner. Thus, mechanisms that take into account the gating interval of the unlicensed spectrum and report CSI and HARQ within the transmission interval of the gating off of the downlink in the unlicensed spectrum may be used to improve CQI and HARQ processing of the LTE-U eNB. Examples of such mechanisms are described with reference to fig. 16, 17A, and 17B.
Fig. 16 is a diagram 1600 illustrating communication between an eNB105-c and a UE 115-c. The enbs 105-c may be examples of the base stations 105, 105-a, and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A, and 2B, respectively. The UEs 115-c may be examples of the UEs 115, 115-a and 115-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. The eNB105-c and the UE 115-c may be used in the system 100 of fig. 1, as well as with portions of the system 100 shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
The UE115-c may communicate with the eNB105-c in the unlicensed spectrum via a downlink 1610, and the UE115-c may communicate with the eNB105-c in the licensed spectrum via a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) uplink 1605. UE115-c may send feedback information to eNB105-c via PCC uplink 1605, and eNB105-c may receive feedback information from UE115-c via PCC uplink 1605. In some cases, feedback information may be sent for (or about) signals sent from the eNB105-c to the UE115-c via the downlink 1610. Transmitting feedback information for an unlicensed spectrum via a licensed spectrum may improve reliability of the feedback information for the unlicensed spectrum.
In some cases, the feedback information may include feedback information for at least one transmission interval gated from downlink 1610.
In some embodiments, the feedback information may include Channel State Information (CSI), such as CSI for downlink 1610. The CSI may include long-term CSI for at least one transmission interval during which the eNB105-c gates transmissions for the downlink 1610. However, for at least one transmission interval during which the eNB105-c gates transmissions for the downlink, the CSI may include short-term CSI. The long-term CSI may include, for example, radio Resource Management (RRM) information that captures details of the channel interference environment (e.g., information identifying the source of each dominant interferer, whether the source of the dominant interferer is, for example, wiFi, station (STA), and/or LTE-U eNB, information identifying the average strength and/or spatial characteristics of each interfering signal, etc.). The short-term CSI may include, for example, CQI, rank Indicator (RI), and/or precoding matrix indicator. In some cases, CSI may be transmitted from UE115 to eNB 115 via PCC uplink 1605 in a second subframe after a downlink transmission begins in the current transmission interval in the unlicensed spectrum.
In some embodiments, the feedback information may include HARQ feedback information, e.g., HARQ feedback information for downlink 1610. In one example of HARQ transmission, HARQ may ignore the transmission interval at which downlink transmissions are gated off. In another example of HARQ transmission, HARQ may be used for transmission intervals where downlink transmissions are gated on, and a simple automatic repeat request (ARQ) may be used for transmission intervals where downlink transmissions are gated off. In the context of a single LTE-U deployment without WiFi interference, both examples may retain almost all HARQ functionality. However, in the presence of WiFi interference or multiple LTE-U deployments (e.g., deployments by different operators), the second example may be forced to use mainly ARQ, in which case CSI may become the main tool for link adaptation. Asynchronous HARQ may be transmitted in a manner that is not affected by gating of unlicensed spectrum.
When the downlink transmission is not acknowledged (NAK'd), a best effort HARQ retransmission may be performed via downlink 1610. However, after the timeout period, NAK'd packets may be recovered by Radio Link Control (RLC) retransmission via downlink 1610 or PCC downlink.
In some cases, the eNB 105-c may use both long-term CSI and short-term CSI to select a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for the downlink 1610 in the unlicensed spectrum. HARQ may then be used to fine tune the serving spectral efficiency of downlink 1610 in real-time.
Fig. 17A is a flow chart illustrating an example of another method 1700 for wireless communication. For clarity, the method 1700 is described below with reference to one of the enbs 105 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 1705, feedback information is received from the UE 115 (e.g., by the eNB 105) via the PCC uplink in the licensed spectrum. The feedback information may include information regarding (or about) signals transmitted to the UE 115 via the downlink in the unlicensed spectrum.
In some cases, the feedback information may include feedback information for at least one transmission interval gated from downlink 1610.
In some embodiments, the feedback information may include Channel State Information (CSI), such as CSI for downlink 1610. The CSI may include long-term CSI for at least one transmission interval during which the eNB 105-c gates transmissions for the downlink 1610. However, for at least one transmission interval during which the eNB 105-c gates transmissions for the downlink, the CSI may include short-term CSI. The long-term CSI may include, for example, radio Resource Management (RRM) information that captures details of the channel interference environment (e.g., information identifying the source of each dominant interferer, whether it be WiFi, a Station (STA), and/or an LTE-U eNB, information identifying the average strength and/or spatial characteristics of each interfering signal, etc.). The short-term CSI may include, for example, CQI, rank Indicator (RI), and/or precoding matrix indicator. In some cases, CSI may be transmitted from UE 115 to eNB 115 via PCC uplink 1605 in a second subframe after a downlink transmission begins in the current transmission interval in the unlicensed spectrum.
In some embodiments, the feedback information may include HARQ feedback information, e.g., HARQ feedback information for downlink 1610. In one example of HARQ transmission, HARQ may ignore the transmission interval at which downlink transmissions are gated off. In another example of HARQ transmission, HARQ may be used for transmission intervals where downlink transmissions are gated on, and a simple automatic repeat request (ARQ) may be used for transmission intervals where downlink transmissions are gated off. In the context of a single LTE-U deployment without WiFi interference, both examples may retain almost all HARQ functionality. However, in the presence of WiFi interference or multiple LTE-U deployments (e.g., deployments by different operators), the second example may be forced to use mainly ARQ, in which case CSI may become the main tool for link adaptation. Asynchronous HARQ may be transmitted in a manner that is not affected by gating of unlicensed spectrum.
When the downlink transmission is not acknowledged (NAK'd), a best effort HARQ retransmission may be performed via downlink 1610. However, after the timeout period, NAK'd packets may be recovered by Radio Link Control (RLC) retransmission via downlink 1610 or PCC downlink.
In some cases, the eNB 105-c may use both long-term CSI and short-term CSI to select a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for the downlink 1610 in the unlicensed spectrum. HARQ may then be used to fine tune the serving spectral efficiency of downlink 1610 in real-time.
Thus, the method 1700 may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that the method 1700 is merely one implementation, and that the operations of the method 1700 may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
Fig. 17B is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method 1700-a for wireless communication. For clarity, method 1700-a is described below with reference to one of the UEs 115 shown in fig. 1, 2A, and/or 2B. In one implementation, one of the UEs 115 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the UE 115 to perform the functions described below.
At block 1715, feedback information is sent to the eNB 105 via the PCC uplink (e.g., from the UE 115) in the licensed spectrum. The feedback information may include information regarding (or about) signals transmitted to the UE 115 via the downlink in the unlicensed spectrum.
In some cases, the feedback information may include feedback information for at least one transmission interval gated from downlink 1610.
In some embodiments, the feedback information may include Channel State Information (CSI), such as CSI for downlink 1610. The CSI may include long-term CSI for at least one transmission interval during which the eNB 105-c gates transmissions for the downlink 1610. However, for at least one transmission interval during which the eNB 105-c gates transmissions for the downlink, the CSI may include short-term CSI. The long-term CSI may include, for example, radio Resource Management (RRM) information that captures details of the channel interference environment (e.g., information identifying the source of each dominant interferer, whether it be, for example, wiFi, station (STA), and/or LTE-U eNB information, information identifying the average strength and/or spatial characteristics of each interfering signal, etc.). The short-term CSI may include, for example, CQI, rank Indicator (RI), and/or precoding matrix indicator. In some cases, CSI may be transmitted from UE 115 to eNB 115 via PCC uplink 1605 in a second subframe after a downlink transmission begins in the current transmission interval in the unlicensed spectrum.
In some embodiments, the feedback information may include HARQ feedback information, e.g., HARQ feedback information for downlink 1610. In one example of HARQ transmission, HARQ may ignore the transmission interval at which downlink transmissions are gated off. In another example of HARQ transmission, HARQ may be used for transmission intervals where downlink transmissions are gated on, and a simple automatic repeat request (ARQ) may be used for transmission intervals where downlink transmissions are gated off. In the context of a single LTE-U deployment without WiFi interference, both examples may retain almost all HARQ functionality. However, in the presence of WiFi interference or multiple LTE-U deployments (e.g., deployments by different operators), the second example may be forced to use mainly ARQ, in which case CSI may become the main tool for link adaptation. Asynchronous HARQ may be transmitted in a manner that is not affected by gating of unlicensed spectrum.
When the downlink transmission is not acknowledged (NAK'd), a best effort HARQ retransmission may be performed via downlink 1610. However, after the timeout period, NAK'd packets may be recovered by Radio Link Control (RLC) retransmission via downlink 1610 or PCC downlink.
In some cases, the eNB 105-c may use both long-term CSI and short-term CSI to select a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for the downlink 1610 in the unlicensed spectrum. HARQ may then be used to fine tune the serving spectral efficiency of downlink 1610 in real-time.
Thus, the method 1700-a may provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1700-a is merely one implementation, and that the operations of method 1700-a may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
Turning next to fig. 18A, a diagram 1800 illustrates an example of an LTE-U beacon signal broadcast in an unlicensed spectrum in accordance with various embodiments. LTE-U beacon signals (or discovery beacons) 1805 may be transmitted or broadcast by an eNB supporting LTE-U. Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. The broadcasting may be performed in conjunction with a system or network similar to the system 100 in fig. 1, and portions of the system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B.
Transmission may occur when an eNB is in an active state, or when an eNB is in a dormant or inactive state. The beacon signal 1805 may be transmitted at a low duty cycle (e.g., 1 or 2 subframes every 100 milliseconds) and may span a bandwidth of up to about 5 megahertz (MHz). Due to its low duty cycle, the beacon signal 1805 may be transmitted without the need for a Listen Before Talk (LBT) scheme. Accordingly, the beacon signal 1805 may be transmitted (e.g., broadcast) at a predetermined time. In the example shown in FIG. 18A, at least at time t 0 、t 1 、t 2 And t 3 A beacon signal 1805 is transmitted. The timing of these transmissions may be periodic. In some cases, the transmission may not need to be periodic as long as the time of day is scheduled (e.g., predetermined) and the schedule may be known to the device or entity listening for the beacon signal 1805. The beacon signal 1805 may be used by other enbs and/or UEs (e.g., UE 115) for discovery of dormant/active enbs and for coarse time-frequency tracking.
Fig. 18B illustrates diagram 1800-a, which illustrates an example of a payload in an LTE beacon signal, in accordance with various embodiments. The beacon signal 1805-a shown in fig. 18B may be an example of the beacon signal 1805 in fig. 18A. Accordingly, the beacon signal 1805-a may be transmitted or broadcast by an LTE-U enabled eNB (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively.
The payload of the beacon signal 1805-a may include a plurality of fields for information or attributes associated with the eNB. For example, the beacon signal 1805-a may include one or more of the following: primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) field 1810, secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) field 1815, cell-specific reference signal (CRS) field 1820, physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) field 1825, system Information Block (SIB) field 1830, closed subscriber group identification (CSG-ID) field 1835, public land mobile network identifier (PLMN ID) field 1840, global Cell ID (GCI) field 1845, clear channel assessment random seed (CCA-RS) field 1850, random Access Channel (RACH) configuration field 1855, lightweight or reduced version SIB (SIB-reduced version) field 1860, and deployment ID field 1865. In some embodiments, SIB-reduced version field 1860 may include a GCI field 1845 and a CSG-ID field 1835. The GCI field 1845 may include a PLMN ID field 1840. The payload content shown in fig. 18B is not necessarily exhaustive. Other information or attributes associated with the eNB may be included to enable the use of LTE-based communications in the unlicensed spectrum. For example, the payload of the beacon signal 1805-a may include a periodic gating structure configuration for use in gating on/off a next gating or transmission interval. Furthermore, in some cases, some of the fields shown need not be transmitted, and some of the fields may be combined.
The combination of information on the PLMN ID field 1840 and information in the CSG-ID field 1835 may be used to identify an LTE-U deployment configuration (e.g., an eNB deployment configuration) for an LTE-U deployment (e.g., an eNB deployment) associated with a given eNB. For example, LTE-U enbs deployed by different cellular operators may have different PLMN IDs. Some PLMN IDs may be reserved for non-operator deployments of LTE-U. For example, an LTE-U eNB deployed by a non-operator/enterprise may use the reserved PLMN ID along with a unique CSG-ID.
Fig. 19A illustrates a flow diagram of a method 1900 for broadcasting LTE beacon signals in unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. For example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be used; and/or implementing method 1900 using system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
In block 1905, a beacon signal (e.g., beacon signal 1805) may be broadcast from the eNB at a predetermined time in the unlicensed spectrum, wherein the beacon signal includes a downlink signal identifying the eNB and at least one associated attribute of the eNB. In some cases, the beacon signal may be received at the UE (or at multiple UEs). In some embodiments, the UE may use the beacon signal to make coarse timing adjustments to communicate in the unlicensed spectrum at the UE.
In some embodiments of method 1900, the at least one associated attribute of the eNB may include at least an attribute in the eNB. In some embodiments, the at least one associated attribute of the eNB may include an eNB deployment configuration for an eNB deployment with which the eNB is associated. In some embodiments, the at least one associated attribute of the eNB may include an eNB deployment configuration for an eNB deployment with which the eNB in the eNB deployment is associated, wherein the downlink signals from the eNB in the eNB deployment are synchronized in the unlicensed spectrum and in the licensed spectrum and the downlink signals from the eNB in the eNB deployment are simultaneously transmitted. In some embodiments, enbs in an eNB deployment are all deployed by the same operator.
In some embodiments of method 1900, the at least one associated attribute of the eNB may include a RACH configuration associated with the eNB. In these embodiments, the beacon signal may also include a paging message for at least one UE. Upon receiving the beacon signal broadcast in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE may respond to the paging message using the RACH configuration.
In some embodiments of method 1900, broadcasting the beacon signal includes broadcasting the beacon signal at a maximum broadcast interval of about once every 50 milliseconds with a duty cycle of less than 5% (e.g., 1% to 2%). In some embodiments, the beacon signal includes one or more of PSS, SSS, CRS, PBCH, GCI, CSG-ID, PLMN ID, deployment ID, periodic gating structure configuration, CCA-RS, RACH configuration, SIB, and SIB-reduced version. The beacon signal may include information identifying the eNB as active or dormant.
Fig. 19B illustrates a flow diagram of a method 1900-a for broadcasting an LTE beacon signal in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. Similar to the method 1900 above, for example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B of fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be used; and/or implementing method 1900-a using system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 1915, an eNB deployment may be identified, wherein downlink signals from the deployed enbs are synchronized in the unlicensed spectrum and the licensed spectrum by the deployed enbs and simultaneously transmitted.
At block 1920, a beacon signal (e.g., beacon signal 1805) may be broadcast from one or more of the deployed enbs in the unlicensed spectrum at a predetermined time, where the beacon signal includes the identified eNB deployment.
Turning next to fig. 20, a diagram 2000 is shown, the diagram 2000 illustrating an example of Request To Send (RTS) and Clear To Send (CTS) signals in an unlicensed spectrum in accordance with various embodiments. The RTS signal may be sent by an eNB supporting LTE-U (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. The CTS signal may be transmitted by a UE supporting LTE-U (LTE-U UE). Examples of such UEs may be UEs 115, 115-a and 115-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively.
An RTS signal 2005 (or RTS 2005) may be generated and transmitted after CCA 720-l during subframe 725-j in the current gating interval. Subframe 725-j may be an example of subframe 9 (S') 725 in fig. 7. That is, subframe 725-j may be the last subframe in the current gating interval. RTS2005 may be sent when the intermediate CCA 720-l at the subframe interval is successful. The LTE-U eNB may use the transmission of RTS2005 to keep the channel until the next subframe boundary (or further back).
RTS2005 may be compatible with RTS as defined for the IEEE 802.11 standard (e.g., wiFi). The Transmitter Address (TA) field of RTS2005 may include the MAC ID of the transmitting LTE-U eNB. Other LTE-U nodes in the same deployment (e.g., LTE-U enbs) may recognize it as a "friendly RTS" and do not silence (may instead follow the LTE-U MAC/enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) procedure) according to the MAC ID. As defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard, a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) field may be used to reserve a slot. For example, the NAV field may hold at least the next subframe (1 millisecond period). More typically, however, the NAV field may hold at least the next 5 subframes (up to a maximum consistent with listen before talk). The Receiver Address (RA) field of RTS2005 may contain multiple hashes (hashes) of cell radio network temporary identifiers (C-RNTIs) for a set of UEs served by the LTE-U eNB.
An RTS signal, such as RTS 2005, may be used prior to UL grant to protect subsequent UL transmissions. In a separate deployment (e.g., the separate deployment described above with respect to fig. 2B), an RTS signal may also be sent prior to Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) transmission to protect subsequent UL subframes in which HARQ feedback (ACK/NACK) may be sent by the UE (on the same unlicensed spectrum channel). In response to the RTS signal, at least the UE mentioned in the RA field of the RTS signal may respond by sending a CTS signal if the UE mentioned in the RA field of the RTS signal is able to receive signals/signaling from the eNB. Other UEs served by the LTE-U eNB that may wish to send Scheduling Requests (SRs) or suspend CSI reports may also respond with CTS signals. Unlike WiFi, the CTS sent by an LTE-U UE contains the MAC ID of the serving eNB in its TA field. The NAV field in the CTS may be determined from the corresponding RTS signal.
Returning to fig. 20, a UE referred to/served by the transmitting eNB may transmit a common CTS signal 2010 (or CTS 2010) at a short interframe space (SIFS) interval after RTS 2005. The common CTS 2010 allows UEs to preempt the channel as quickly as possible. During the remaining duration of subframe 9, the UE identified by RTS 2005 may send a separate CTS signal 2015 (or CTS 2015) staggered in time before the next subframe boundary (with subframe 10). The interleaving may depend on the order in which the UEs are identified in the RA field of RTS 2005. The TA field in each CTS2015 in the individual CTS2015 may carry a hash of its full identity. A separate CTS2015 indicates to the eNB that the UE is ready to receive data/grants. The use of separate CTS2015 enables better scheduling design, more efficient use of the channel by using FDMA between multiple UEs. After subframe 9, which includes RTS 2005, common CTS 2010, and separate CTS2015, the next subframe 710-a (subframe 10) may include transmissions of PDSCH 2020, 2020-a, and 2020-b.
Fig. 21 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 2100 for transmitting an RTS signal and receiving a CTS signal in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. For example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be used; and/or implement method 2100 using system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the eNB105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 2105, a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) may be performed to determine availability of the unlicensed spectrum.
At block 2110, when a determination is made that unlicensed spectrum is available (e.g., CCA is successful), an RTS signal (e.g., RTS 2005) may be sent to a set of UEs using the unlicensed spectrum.
At block 2115, a common CTS signal (e.g., CTS 2010) and a separate CTS signal (e.g., CTS 2015) may be received from one or more of the UEs in response to the RTS signal.
An RTS signal may be received at UEs in the set of UEs over the unlicensed spectrum, and a common CTS signal and a respective individual CTS signal may be transmitted from each UE over the unlicensed spectrum in response to the RTS signal.
In some embodiments of method 2100, transmitting the RTS signal includes transmitting the RTS signal prior to an uplink grant to protect subsequent uplink transmissions from the set of UEs over the unlicensed spectrum. The RTS signal may include a MAC ID of a source (e.g., eNB) of the RTS signal. For example, the source's MAC ID may include a 48-bit MAC ID. The RTS signal may include a hashed version of the MAC IDs of the UEs in the set.
In some embodiments of method 2100, the common CTS signal may be received by SIFS after transmission of the RTS signal, and the common CTS signal may include a MAC ID of a source of the RTS signal. Each of the received separate CTS signals may include a MAC ID of a source of the RTS signal and a MAC ID of a UE transmitting the separate CTS signal. Separate CTS signals may be received at staggered times.
In some embodiments of method 2100, a CCA may be performed during a subframe in the current gating interval, an RTS signal may be sent after the CCA, and a common CTS and separate CTS signals may be received before the end of the subframe. In some embodiments, the time associated with the CCA and the time associated with the subsequent transmission of the RTS signal may be randomly staggered between different enbs to avoid collisions at the device receiving the RTS signal. Moreover, the time instants associated with the CCA and the time instants associated with subsequent transmissions of the RTS signal may be staggered with respect to each other to avoid collisions at devices receiving the RTS signal, the staggering being based at least on coordinated signaling exchanged between enbs.
Turning next to fig. 22A, a diagram 2200 is shown, the diagram 2200 illustrating an example of a virtual CTS (V-CTS) signal in a licensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. The V-CTS signal may be transmitted by an LTE-U enabled UE (LTE-U UE). Examples of such UEs may be UEs 115, 115-a, 115-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively.
After a DCF inter-frame space (DIFS) interval, which may include a CCA (e.g., 4 ms) that occurs whenever the medium is clear, an eNB (e.g., base station 105) may address all UEs of interest (e.g., UEs) with a NAV 1 、……UE n ) RTS signal 2205 (or RTS 2205) is transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum of (i). After SIFS intervals, the eNB transmits a CTS-to-self (CTS-to-self) in the unlicensed spectrum. The eNB may schedule downlink traffic immediately based on current knowledge of the rest of the subframe and continue to schedule ACKs 2230. Scheduling may be performed using the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and PDSCH in signals 2220 and 2225. UEs addressed by RTS 2205 may send back in the licensed spectrum a V-CTS signal 2215 (or V-CTS 2215), the V-CTS signal 2215 having updated measurements (e.g., RTS/CTS measurements) for the eNB to improve future scheduling Amount). In this case, CTS signaling occurs virtually or out-of-band (outside of the unlicensed spectrum) by using the licensed spectrum in LTE-U simultaneously.
Turning next to fig. 22B, a diagram 2200-a is shown, the diagram 2200-a showing an example of a virtual RTS (V-RTS) signal in a licensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. The V-RTS signal may be sent by an eNB supporting LTE-U (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively.
After a DIFS interval (which may include a CCA (e.g., 4 ms) that occurs whenever the medium is clear), an eNB (e.g., base station 105) may be directed to a UE (e.g., UE) of interest on a primary cell (Pcell) when the medium or channel is sensed to be free or available 1 、……UE n ) Polling is performed. The eNB need only transmit the self CTS signal 2210 (or self CTS 2210) in the unlicensed spectrum to save overhead. The eNB uses the licensed spectrum to transmit V-RTS signal 2235 (or V-RTS 2235), and UEs addressed by V-RTS 2235 may likewise respond by transmitting V-CTS 2215-a in the licensed spectrum. In this case, by using licensed spectrum in LTE-U simultaneously, all signaling required for RTS and CTS occurs virtually or out-of-band (outside of unlicensed spectrum). Similar to the case in fig. 22A, the eNB may continue to transmit scheduling information using signals 2220 and 2225 (e.g., PDCCH and PDSCH).
Fig. 23 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 2300 for transmitting an RTS signal or a V-RTS signal, in accordance with various embodiments. For example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be used; and/or implement method 2300 using system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 2305, an RTS signal (e.g., RTS 2205) may be sent in the unlicensed spectrum, or may be at a licensed frequencyTransmitting a V-RTS signal (e.g., RTS 2235) in the spectrum, addressed to a set of UEs (e.g., UEs 1 、……UE n )。
At block 2310, a CTS-self signal may be transmitted along with the transmission of a V-RTS signal in the unlicensed spectrum.
The RTS signal or the V-RTS signal may be received at a UE in the set of UEs over an unlicensed spectrum.
In some embodiments of method 2300, a V-CTS signal may be received in the licensed spectrum for each of the UEs in the set in response to the RTS signal or the V-RTS signal. The V-CTS signal may include measurements made by individual UEs for use in future scheduling. In some embodiments, after receiving the V-CTS signal, traffic may be scheduled based on current channel knowledge for the remainder of the subframe. The RTS signal may be transmitted in a downlink primary component carrier.
Fig. 24 illustrates a flow chart of a method 2400 for receiving a V-CTS signal in response to an RTS signal or a V-RTS signal, according to various embodiments. For example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be used; and/or implement method 2400 using system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the eNB 105 to perform the functions described below.
At block 2405, an RTS signal (e.g., RTS 2205) may be sent in the unlicensed spectrum, or a V-RTS signal (e.g., RTS 2235) may be sent in the licensed spectrum, addressed to a set of UEs (e.g., UE 1 、……UE n )。
At block 2410, a CTS-to-self signal may be transmitted along with the transmission of the V-RTS signal in the unlicensed spectrum.
At block 2415, a V-CTS signal may be received from each of the UEs in the set in the licensed spectrum in response to the RTS signal or the V-RTS signal.
At block 2420, after receiving the V-CTS signal, traffic may be scheduled based on current channel knowledge for the remainder of the subframe.
An RTS signal or a V-RTS signal may be received at UEs in the set of UEs over the unlicensed spectrum, and a V-CTS signal may be transmitted from each UE over the unlicensed spectrum in response to the RTS signal or the V-RTS signal.
Turning next to fig. 25, a diagram 2500 is illustrated, the diagram 2500 illustrating an example of normal and robust subframes in an unlicensed spectrum in accordance with various embodiments. The normal and robust subframes may be transmitted by an eNB supporting LTE-U (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations eNB 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. The normal and robust subframes may be used by LTE-U enabled UEs (LTE-U UEs). Examples of such UEs may be UEs 115, 115-a and 115-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively.
A common Legacy Carrier Type (LCT) subframe 2505 is shown. A common LCT subframe 2505 may be used for LCT waveforms and may carry PDCCH and CRS in Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). A normal New Carrier Type (NCT) subframe 2515 is also shown. The normal NCT subframe 2514 may be used for NCT waveforms, but may not include PDCCH and CRS for TDM. Alternatively, the UE may use a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for feedback and a UE-RS for demodulation. In addition to the normal LCT and NCT subframes, fig. 25 shows a robust LCT subframe 2510 and a robust NCT subframe 2520. The robust subframes may differ from the normal subframes in that they may include additional pilots (e.g., common pilots, ecrss) compared to the normal subframes, which may be used to facilitate time-frequency tracking and channel estimation at the UE after a gating off period of long LTE DL transmissions.
For a gated LCT waveform, SYNC subframes (e.g., subframes carrying PSS, SSS, (possibly) PBCH, among other LTE subchannels) may be sent in subframes with index=0 (modulo 5). The robust LCT subframe 2510 is transmitted within the first X subframes after a gating off period of greater than Y subframes. Parameters X and Y may vary based on, for example, the structure of the subframe and usage rules. The normal LCT subframe 2505 may be transmitted in all other gating-on periods.
For a gated NCT waveform, a SYNC subframe may be sent in subframes with index=0 (modulo 5). The first X subframes after a gating off period of greater than Y subframes transmit a robust NCT subframe 2520. Parameters X and Y may vary based on, for example, the structure of the subframe and usage rules. The normal NCT subframe 2515 may be transmitted in all other gating-on periods.
Fig. 26 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 2600 for transmitting a normal or robust subframe in an unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. For example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a, 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be used; and/or implement method 2600 using system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B.
At block 2605, past transmission activity on the unlicensed spectrum may be compared to an activity threshold (e.g., a number of gating-on periods in the unlicensed spectrum over a period of time, a duration of multiple gating-on periods in the unlicensed spectrum over a period of time, and/or a number of SYNC subframes transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum over a period of time).
At block 2610, when the past transmission activity is greater than the activity threshold, a first subframe type (e.g., a normal LCT/NCT subframe) may be transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum during a next active transmission.
At block 2615, when the past transmission activity is less than the activity threshold, a second subframe type (e.g., a robust LCT/NCT subframe) may be transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum during the next active transmission. The second subframe type may include a more robust subframe type than the first subframe type.
In some embodiments of method 2600, the first subframe type may include an LCT subframe. In some embodiments, the first subframe type may include NCT subframes. In some embodiments, the second subframe type may include LCT subframes with additional common pilots for tracking and channel estimation. In some embodiments, the second subframe type may include NCT subframes with additional common pilots for tracking and channel estimation. The method may include transmitting the first subframe type in the unlicensed spectrum after a predetermined number of transmissions of the second subframe type are identified.
Turning next to fig. 27, a diagram 2700 is shown, the diagram 2700 showing examples of Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) signals and Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signals for unlicensed spectrum in accordance with various embodiments. The PUCCH and PUSCH signals may be processed by an eNB supporting LTE-U (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively. The PUCCH and PUSCH signals may be processed by LTE-U enabled UEs (LTE-U UEs). Examples of such UEs may be UEs 115, 115-a and 115-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively.
PUCCH and PUSCH signals are typically based on Localized Frequency Division Multiplexed (LFDM) waveforms occupying a set of subcarriers where different modulation symbols are transmitted for each subcarrier, or some pre-coding is done before the frequency domain waveform is transmitted. When using these waveforms, the small amount of data available to be transmitted results in a small portion of the spectrum being occupied. Due to transmit power spectral density (TX-PSD) limitations, a small amount of power is transmitted while occupying a small portion of the bandwidth. In order to break out of this constraint, there may be a need to occupy almost the entire waveform. However, if a large portion of the waveform is occupied and no unused subcarriers remain, different users may not be able to be multiplexed for a given amount of bandwidth. One solution to this problem is to have each transmitter interleave its signal so that they occupy one of every N subcarriers (e.g., 1 per 10, 1 per 12), leaving many unoccupied subcarriers in the middle. This scheme may increase nominal bandwidth occupancy to enable waveforms to be transmitted at higher power (but still at a sufficiently low PSD to meet the rules). An Interleaved Frequency Division Multiplexed (IFDM) and an interleaved orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (I-OFDM) signal may be used that occupy one-N-th of the subcarriers in order to transmit signals localized to those subcarriers. In fig. 25, IFDM waveforms are shown generating PUCCH signal 2705 and PUSCH signal 2710 for transmission in the unlicensed spectrum. Similarly, the I-OFDM waveform is shown generating PUCCH signal 2715 and PUSCH signal 2720 for transmission in the unlicensed spectrum.
Fig. 28 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 2800 for generating PUCCH and/or PUSCH signals for unlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. For example, the base stations or enbs 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively, may be used; UEs 115, 115-a and 115-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B; and/or system 100 in fig. 1 and portions of system 100 in fig. 2A and 2B implement method 2800. In one implementation, one of the enbs 105 or one of the UEs 115 may execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the enbs 105 or UEs 115 to perform the functions described below.
At block 2805, one or both of a PUCCH signal and a PUSCH signal may be generated based on the interleaved signal that increases the nominal bandwidth occupancy in the unlicensed spectrum.
At block 2810, the generated signal may be transmitted in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., by an eNB). In some embodiments, the interleaved signal may comprise an IFDM signal. In some embodiments, the interleaved signal may comprise an I-OFDM signal.
One or both of the generated signals may be received in the unlicensed spectrum, for example, by the UE.
Turning next to fig. 29, a diagram 2900 is shown, the diagram 2900 showing an example of load-based gating in unlicensed spectrum according to various embodiments. Load-based gating may be performed by an LTE-U enabled eNB (LTE-U eNB). Examples of such enbs may be base stations 105, 105-a and 105-B in fig. 1, 2A and 2B, respectively.
The Listen Before Talk (LBT) technique described above may be used in a frame-based device (FBE). However, other LBT techniques are also available, which are based on load-based equipment (LBE). LBT-FBE techniques rely in part on gating of LTE radio frame structures that remain for 10 milliseconds. The use of shorter gating structures (1 ms, 2 ms) tends to leave the LTE frame structure unreserved when periodic gating is allowed. The use of LBT-LBE may provide the potential benefit of preserving the subframe structure of the LTE PHY channel without requiring symbol puncturing at the beginning or end. However, time reuse between different LTE-U nodes may no longer be guaranteed on the same deployment, since each eNB uses its own random back-off time for the extended CCA. Thus, for LBT-LBE, the CCA may be similar to the CCA for LBT-FBE, but an extended CCA (not used in LBT-FBE) may be selected based on random integers N (e.g., 1N q) and wait for N CCA durations, where the channel is idle.
Transmissions at different Subframes (SFs) in a sequence of subframes transmitted in an unlicensed spectrum channel may be based on results from an extended CCA and from a CCA. The extended CCA may be based on the parameter 4 q 32, the value of which is advertised by the provider. When the channel has been at rest for a long time, CCA may need to be performed. If the CCA finds a clear channel, transmission may begin immediately. If not, an extended CCA may be performed prior to transmission. Once a transmission begins, it may last at most (13/32) ×q msc (milliseconds) before another extended CCA may need to be performed (referred to as a maximum channel occupancy time). Upon successful reception (from another node), the ACK/NACK transmission may immediately begin (no) CCA, provided that the last successful CCA/extended CCA is less than before a maximum channel occupation time.
Returning to the example in fig. 29, the CCA time may be set to 25 μs, and q=24, such that the maximum channel occupation time is about 9.75 milliseconds. The minimum idle time for the extended CCA may be approximately between 25 mus and 0.6 milliseconds. As described above, the CUBS may be used to fill the gap. In this example, extended CCA 720-m is performed at Subframe (SF) 8 in sequence 2905. The maximum channel occupation time is such that the next extended CCA 720-m need not be performed until SF 18. After the first expansion of CCA 720-m, LTE downlink transmission may occur during SF 9-12 as a result of channel freedom. CCA720-n may be performed at SF 15 for additional transmissions within the maximum channel occupancy time due to transmission gaps existing after SF 12. As a result of CCA720-n, LTE transmissions may occur at SF 16 and SF 17. As noted above, the second extended CCA 720-m may occur after a maximum channel occupancy time, which in this example results in additional LTE transmissions in SF 22-25.
Turning to fig. 30, a diagram 3000 is shown, the diagram 3000 illustrating a UE 115-d configured for LTE-U. The UE 115-d may have various other configurations and may be included in or be part of the following: personal computers (e.g., laptop computers, netbook computers, tablet computers, etc.), cellular telephones, PDAs, digital Video Recorders (DVRs), internet appliances, game consoles, electronic readers, and the like. The UE 115-d may have an internal power source (not shown), such as a small battery, to facilitate mobile operation. Station UE 115-d may be examples of UEs 115, 115-a, 115-B, and 115-c in fig. 1, 2A, 2B, and 16, respectively. The UE 115-d may be configured to implement at least some of the features and functions described with respect to fig. 1-29.
The UE 115-d may include a processor module 3010, a memory module 3020, a transceiver module 3040, an antenna 3050, and a UE mode module 3060. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly through one or more buses 3005.
Memory module 3020 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). The memory module 3020 may store computer readable, computer executable Software (SW) code 3025 containing instructions configured to, when executed, cause the processor module 3010 to perform the various functions described herein for using LTE-based communications in the unlicensed spectrum. Alternatively, the software code 3025 may not be directly executed by the processor module 3010, but rather be configured to cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.
The processor module 3010 may include intelligent hardware devices, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or the like. The processor module 3010 may process information received by the transceiver module 3040 and/or information to be transmitted to the transceiver module 3040 for transmission via the antenna 3050. The processor module 3010 may process various aspects of using LTE-based communications in the unlicensed spectrum, alone or in combination with the UE mode module 3060.
Transceiver module 3040 may be configured to bi-directionally communicate with a base station (e.g., base station 105). Transceiver module 3040 may be implemented as one or more transmitter modules and one or more separate receiver modules. Transceiver module 3040 may support communication in a licensed spectrum (e.g., LTE) and communication in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., LTE-U). Transceiver module 3040 may include a modem configured to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to antenna 3050 for transmission, and demodulate packets received from antenna 3050. Although UE 115-d may include a single antenna, there may be embodiments in which UE 115-d may include multiple antennas 3050.
According to the architecture in fig. 30, the UE 115-d may further comprise a communication management module 3030. The communication management module 3030 may manage communications with various access points. The communication management module 3030 may be a component of the UE 115-d that communicates with some or all of the other components of the UE 115-d via one or more buses 3005. Alternatively, the functionality of the communication management module 3030 may be implemented as one or more controller elements in the components of the transceiver module 3040, the computer program product, and/or the processor module 3010.
The UE mode module 3060 may be configured to perform and/or control some or all of the functions or aspects described in fig. 1-29 related to using LTE-based communications in the unlicensed spectrum. For example, the UE mode module 3060 may be configured to support a supplemental downlink mode, a carrier aggregation mode, and/or a standalone mode of operation in the unlicensed spectrum. The UE mode module 3060 may include an LTE module 3061 configured to handle LTE communications, an LTE unlicensed module 3062 configured to handle LTE-U communications, and an unlicensed module 3063 configured to handle communications other than LTE-U in the unlicensed spectrum. The UE mode module 3060 or a portion thereof may be a processor. Further, some or all of the functions of the UE mode module 3060 may be performed by the processor module 3010 and/or in conjunction with the processor 3010.
Turning to fig. 31, a diagram 3100 is shown, the diagram 3100 showing a base station or eNB 105-d configured for LTE-U. In some embodiments, base stations 105-d may be examples of base stations 105, 105-a, 105-B, and 105-c in fig. 1, 2A, 2B, and 16, respectively. The base station 105-d may be configured to implement at least some of the features and functions described with respect to fig. 1-29. The base station 105-d may include a processor module 3110, a memory module 3120, a transceiver module 3130, an antenna 3140, and a base station mode module 3190. The base station 105-d may also include one or both of a base station communication module 3160 and a network communication module 3170. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly through one or more buses 3105.
The memory module 3120 may include RAM and ROM. The memory module 3120 may also store computer-readable, computer-executable Software (SW) code 3125 containing instructions that are configured to, when executed, cause the processor module 3110 to perform the various functions described herein for using LTE-based communications in the unlicensed spectrum. Alternatively, the software code 3125 may not be directly executable by the processor module 3110, but be configured to cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.
The processor module 3110 may include intelligent hardware devices, e.g., CPU, microcontroller, ASIC, etc. The processor module 3110 may process information received through the transceiver module 3130, base station communication module 3160, and/or network communication module 3170. The processor module 3110 may also process information to be transmitted to the transceiver module 3130 for transmission to the base station communication module 3160 and/or to the network communication module 3170 via the antenna 3140. The processor module 3110 may handle various aspects of using LTE-based communications in unlicensed spectrum, alone or in combination with the base station mode module 3190.
The transceiver module 3130 may include a modem configured to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna 3140 for transmission, as well as demodulate packets received from the antenna 3140. Transceiver module 3130 may be implemented as one or more transmitter modules and one or more separate receiver modules. Transceiver module 3130 may support communication in licensed spectrum (e.g., LTE) and unlicensed spectrum (e.g., LTE-U). The transceiver module 3130 may be configured to bi-directionally communicate with one or more UEs 115, such as shown in fig. 1, 2A, 2B, and 16, via an antenna 3140. The base station 105-d may generally include a plurality of antennas 3140 (e.g., an antenna array). The base station 105-d may communicate with the core network 130-a through a network communication module 3170. The core network 130-a may be an example of the core network 130 in fig. 1. Base station 105-d may communicate with other base stations (e.g., base station 105-e and base station 105-f) using base station communication module 3160.
According to the architecture in fig. 31, the base station 115-d may further include a communication management module 3150. The communication management module 3150 may manage communications with stations and/or other devices. The communication management module 3150 may communicate with some or all of the other components in the base station 105-d via a bus or buses 3105. Alternatively, the functionality of the communication management module 3150 may be implemented as a component of the transceiver module 3130, as a computer program product, and/or as one or more controller elements in the processor module 3110.
The base station mode module 3190 may be configured to perform and/or control some or all of the functions or aspects described in fig. 1-29 related to using LTE-based communications in the unlicensed spectrum. For example, base station mode module 3190 may be configured to support a supplemental downlink mode, a carrier aggregation mode, and/or a standalone mode of operation in the unlicensed spectrum. The base station mode module 3190 may include an LTE module 3191 configured to handle LTE communications, an LTE unlicensed module 3192 configured to handle LTE-U communications, and an unlicensed module 3193 configured to handle communications other than LTE-U in the unlicensed spectrum. The base station mode module 3190, or a portion thereof, may be a processor. Further, some or all of the functions of the base station mode module 3190 may be performed by the processor module 3110 and/or in conjunction with the processor 3110.
Turning to fig. 32, a block diagram of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system 3200 is illustrated as comprising base stations 105-g and user equipment or UEs 115-e. Base stations 105-g and UEs 115-e may support LTE-based communications (LTE-U) using unlicensed spectrum. The base station 105-g may be an example of the base stations 105, 105-a, 105-B, and 105-c in fig. 1, 2A, 2B, and 16, and the UE115-e may be an example of the UEs 115, 115-a, 115-B, and 115-c in fig. 1, 2A, 2B, and 16. The system 3200 may illustrate aspects of the system 100 in fig. 1, as well as aspects of portions of the system 100 illustrated in fig. 2A and 2B.
The base station 105-g may be equipped with antennas 3234-a through 3234-x and the UE115-e may be equipped with antennas 3252-a through 3252-n. In system 3200, base station 105-g can transmit data over multiple communication links simultaneously. Each communication link may be referred to as a "layer," and a "rank" of the communication link may indicate the number of layers used for communication. For example, in a 2×2MIMO system where base station 800 transmits two "layers," the rank of the communication link between base station 105-g and UE115-e is 2.
At the base station 105-g, a transmit (Tx) processor 3220 may receive data from a data source. The transmission processor 3220 may process data. The transmit processor 3220 may also generate reference symbols, as well as cell-specific reference signals. A transmit (Tx) MIMO processor 3230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, control symbols, and/or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to transmit modulators 3232-a through 3232-x. Each modulator 3232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 3232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a Downlink (DL) signal. In one example, DL signals from modulators 3232-a through 3232-x may be transmitted via antennas 3234-a through 3234-x, respectively.
At the UE 115-e, antennas 3252-a through 3252-n may receive the DL signals from base station 105-g and may provide received signals to demodulators 3254-a through 3254-n, respectively. Each demodulator 3254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 3254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 3256 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators 3254-a through 3254-n, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (if applicable), and provide detected symbols. A receive (Rx) processor 3258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 115-e to a data output, and provide decoded control information to a processor 3280 or a memory 3282. Processor 3280 may include a module or function 1281 that may perform various functions related to using LTE-based communications in the unlicensed spectrum. For example, the module or function 3281 may perform some or all of the functions described above with reference to fig. 1-29.
On the Uplink (UL), at the UE 115-e, a transmit (Tx) processor 3264 may receive and process data from a data source. The transmit processor 3264 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal. The symbols from transmit processor 3264 may be precoded by a transmit (Tx) MIMO processor 3266 if applicable, further processed by demodulators 3254-a through 3254-n (e.g., for SC-FDMA, etc.), and transmitted to base station 105-g according to the transmission parameters received from base station 105-g. At base station 105-g, the UL signal from UE 115-e may be received by antenna 3234, processed by demodulator 3232, detected by MIMO detector 3236 (if applicable), and further processed by a receive processor. A receive (Rx) processor 3238 may provide decoded data to a data output and to a processor 3240. Processor 3240 may include a module or function 3241 that may perform various aspects related to using LTE-based communications in unlicensed spectrum. For example, the module or function 3241 may perform some or all of the functions described above with reference to fig. 1-29.
The components of the base station 105-g may be implemented individually or collectively with one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the particularly mentioned modules may be a unit for performing one or more functions related to the operation of the system 3200. Similarly, components of the UE 115-e may be implemented individually or collectively with one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the particularly mentioned modules may be a unit for performing one or more functions related to the operation of the system 3200.
It should be noted that the various methods described in the flowcharts are only one implementation, and that the operations of these methods may be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.
The detailed description set forth above in connection with the appended drawings describes exemplary embodiments and is not intended to represent the only embodiments that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" as used throughout this description means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other embodiments. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described technology. However, the techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described embodiments.
Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software for execution by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired or a combination of any of these. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located in various positions including being dispersed so that parts of the functions are implemented at different physical positions. Furthermore, as used herein, including in the claims, the use of "or" in a list of items beginning with at least one of "… …" means a separate list, e.g., such that the list of at least one of "A, B or C" means a or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., a and B and C).
Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer, or a general purpose or special purpose processor. In addition, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Throughout this disclosure, the terms "example" or "exemplary" mean an example or instance, and do not imply or require any preference for the specifically mentioned example. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (49)

1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
Receiving a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
simultaneously with the receiving of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases a nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein there is a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum carries signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
simultaneously with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal, the first SC-FDMA communication signal is received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and the second SC-FDMA communication signal is received from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless node comprises a User Equipment (UE).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are transmitted from an evolved node B (eNB).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal comprises a Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal.
8. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
means for receiving a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
means for receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases a nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein there is a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum carries signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
means for receiving the first SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and the second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first and second OFDMA communication signals.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the wireless node comprises a User Equipment (UE).
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are transmitted from an evolved node B (eNB).
14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal comprises a Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal.
15. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor;
a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions executable by the processor to:
transmitting a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
receiving a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
simultaneously with the receiving of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases a nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein there is a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first SC-FDMA communication signal received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum carries signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal transmitted in the unlicensed spectrum.
18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to:
simultaneously with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal, the first SC-FDMA communication signal is received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and the second SC-FDMA communication signal is received from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum.
19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the wireless node comprises a User Equipment (UE).
20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are transmitted from an evolved node B (eNB).
21. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal comprises a Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal.
22. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for communication by a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system storing computer program instructions for wireless communication, the computer program instructions executable by a processor to cause the wireless communication device to:
transmitting a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal to a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
transmitting a second OFDMA communication signal to the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
receiving a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
simultaneously with the receiving of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, receiving a second SC-FDMA communication signal from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases a nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein there is a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wireless communication device to:
simultaneously with the transmission of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal, the first SC-FDMA communication signal is received from the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and the second SC-FDMA communication signal is received from the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum.
25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the wireless node comprises a User Equipment (UE).
26. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
receiving a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
Transmitting a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
simultaneously with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, a second SC-FDMA communication signal is transmitted to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases the nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein there is a fixed offset between the frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and the frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein the first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum carries signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received in the unlicensed spectrum.
29. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
simultaneously with the receiving of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal, transmitting the first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and the second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum.
30. The method of claim 26, wherein the wireless node comprises an evolved node B (eNB).
31. The method of claim 27, wherein the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are received at a User Equipment (UE).
32. The method of claim 26, wherein each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal comprises a Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal.
33. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for receiving a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
means for receiving a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
means for transmitting a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
means for transmitting a second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases the nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein there is a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum carries signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received in the unlicensed spectrum.
36. The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising:
means for transmitting the first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and the second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first and second OFDMA communication signals.
37. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the wireless node comprises an evolved node B (eNB).
38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are received at a User Equipment (UE).
39. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal comprises an LTE signal.
40. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor;
a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions executable by the processor to:
receiving a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
receiving a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
transmitting a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
simultaneously with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, a second SC-FDMA communication signal is transmitted to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases the nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein there is a fixed offset between the frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and the frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
42. An apparatus as defined in claim 40, wherein the first SC-FDMA communication signal transmitted to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum carries signaling or other control information related to the second OFDMA communication signal received in the unlicensed spectrum.
43. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to:
simultaneously with the receiving of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal, transmitting the first SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum and the second SC-FDMA communication signal to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum.
44. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the wireless node comprises an evolved node B (eNB).
45. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal are received at a User Equipment (UE).
46. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein each of the first OFDMA communication signal and the second OFDMA communication signal comprises an LTE signal.
47. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for communication by a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system storing computer program instructions for wireless communication, the computer program instructions executable by a processor to cause the wireless communication device to:
receiving a first orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, communication signal from a wireless node in a licensed spectrum;
receiving a second OFDMA communication signal from the wireless node in an unlicensed spectrum concurrently with the reception of the first OFDMA communication signal, wherein the second OFDMA communication signal in the unlicensed spectrum is time synchronized with the first OFDMA communication signal in the licensed spectrum;
transmitting a first single-carrier frequency division multiple access, SC-FDMA, communication signal to the wireless node in the licensed spectrum; and
simultaneously with the transmission of the first SC-FDMA communication signal, a second SC-FDMA communication signal is transmitted to the wireless node in the unlicensed spectrum, wherein the second SC-FDMA communication signal is limited to an interleaved signal, wherein the interleaved signal increases the nominal bandwidth occupation in the unlicensed spectrum.
48. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein there is a fixed offset between a frame structure of the first OFDMA communication signal and a frame structure of the second OFDMA communication signal.
49. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the wireless node comprises an evolved node B (eNB).
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