CN110940734A - Method and system for monitoring abnormal structure in rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters - Google Patents
Method and system for monitoring abnormal structure in rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating a potential geological disaster, which solve the problems that the prior art can not realize visual monitoring and accurately evaluate the potential geological disaster. A method for visually monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters comprises the steps of obtaining rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging section diagrams of all positions and angles in a target area, and obtaining the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging section diagrams; counting the binarization image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile map to obtain the total pixel number S of a nonzero region, the total number N of nonzero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixels occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands; and (8) evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the S, N, L. The method realizes the visual monitoring of the abnormal structure in the rock mass and the accurate evaluation of potential geological disasters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration and measurement in geotechnical engineering, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters.
Background
Geological disasters often begin from erosion damage and stress unbalance of local geotechnical structures, particularly weak structures or soil-rock junction areas under the action of water; therefore, geological exploration, monitoring and diagnosis of the soft structure area of the rock-soil mass are important means for preventing and reducing disasters; the traditional geological radar, sound wave detector and other equipment can only realize geological exploration in a larger range at present, aiming at a weak interlayer or a weak structural plane in a specific area in geotechnical engineering, the traditional method is difficult to achieve in the precision range, visual monitoring and accurate evaluation of potential geological disasters cannot be realized, the stability and the safety of geotechnical engineering or slope engineering are seriously influenced, and a new exploration means is urgently needed for visual monitoring and accurate evaluation of potential geological disasters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one technical defect and provides a method and a system for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters.
On one hand, the invention provides a method for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging sectional views of all positions and angles in a target area, and carrying out combination and splicing fusion treatment on the ultrasonic imaging sectional views of all positions and angles to obtain a treated rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging sectional view;
counting the binarization image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile map to obtain the total number S of pixel points in a nonzero region, the total number N of non-zero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixel points occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands;
and acquiring potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L, and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters.
Further, the acquiring of the rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile at a plurality of position angles in the target area specifically comprises the steps of putting an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe into the target area of the rock mass hole wall in the drill hole, acquiring the ultrasonic scanning imaging profiles at all positions and angles in the target area by rotating, sliding or laterally inclining the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, and filtering high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals of the ultrasonic scanning imaging profiles at all positions and angles to obtain the rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile at all positions and angles.
Further, acquiring potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L specifically comprises utilizing a formula
And acquiring a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K, wherein A is a total area covered by the detection of the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, T is a correction coefficient, and N is more than or equal to 3.
Further, the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is evaluated according to the geological disaster possibility parameters, and the greater the geological disaster possibility parameters are, the greater the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a system for monitoring the abnormal structure in the rock mass and evaluating the potential geological disaster, which comprises an ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition device, an ultrasonic imaging profile processing device, an image characteristic counting module and a potential geological disaster degree evaluation module;
the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment is used for acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profiles at all positions and angles in a target area;
the ultrasonic imaging profile processing equipment is used for combining, splicing and fusing the ultrasonic imaging profiles at all positions and angles to obtain a processed ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure;
the image characteristic counting module is used for counting the binary image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile to obtain the total number S of pixels in a non-zero region, the total number N of non-zero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixels occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands;
and the potential geological disaster degree evaluation module is used for acquiring the potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters.
Further, the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment comprises an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, a push rod and an image processing module; the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment is used for acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profiles of all positions and angles in a target area, and specifically comprises,
the method comprises the steps that an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe is driven into a target area of a rock wall in a drilled hole through a push rod, the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe rotates, slides or inclines laterally through the push rod to obtain ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles in the target area, and an image processing module filters high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals of the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles to obtain rock structure ultrasonic imaging section graphs of all positions and angles.
Further, the module for evaluating the degree of the potential geological disaster obtains a potential geological disaster possibility parameter according to the S, N, L, specifically including using a formula
And acquiring a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K, wherein A is a total area covered by the detection of the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, T is a correction coefficient, and N is more than or equal to 3.
Further, the potential geological disaster degree evaluation module evaluates the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock body according to the geological disaster possibility parameter, and specifically includes that the larger the geological disaster possibility parameter is, the larger the evaluation on the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock body is.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: combining and splicing the ultrasonic imaging section maps at all positions and angles in a target area by acquiring the ultrasonic imaging section maps of the rock mass structure at all positions and angles in the target area to obtain a processed ultrasonic imaging section map of the rock mass structure; counting the binarization image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile image to obtain the total pixel number S of a nonzero region, the total number N of nonzero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixels occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands; acquiring potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L, and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters; the visual monitoring of the abnormal structure in the rock mass and the accurate evaluation of potential geological disasters are realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating a potential geological disaster according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic scanning imaging chart of a rock mass hole wall section according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the visual monitoring of the internal structure of the rock mass with the borehole inner hole wall according to embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an imaging effect diagram of the internal structure section of the rock mass with the borehole inner hole wall according to embodiment 2 of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a fixing mode of an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe according to embodiment 3 of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of visual monitoring of the internal structure of the rock mass according to embodiment 3 of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of three ultrasound scanning imaging methods according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasound scanning image obtained from multiple positions and angles according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters, which has a flow schematic diagram, and as shown in figure 1, the method for monitoring the abnormal structure in the rock mass and evaluating the potential geological disasters comprises the following steps:
acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging sectional views of all positions and angles in a target area, and carrying out combination and splicing fusion treatment on the ultrasonic imaging sectional views of all positions and angles to obtain a treated rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging sectional view;
counting the binarization image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile map to obtain the total number S of pixel points in a nonzero region, the total number N of non-zero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixel points occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands;
and acquiring potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L, and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters.
The abnormal structure in the rock mass refers to structures such as structural planes, fracture zones, holes, weak interlayers and the like of the rock mass structural plane except normal rocks, and the abnormal structures can present imaging characteristics such as abnormal spots, stripes and the like in an ultrasonic scanning image;
preferably, the acquiring of the rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile at a plurality of position angles in the target area specifically comprises,
the method comprises the steps of putting an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe into a target area of a rock wall in a drill hole, rotating, sliding or laterally inclining the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe to obtain ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles in the target area, and filtering high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals of the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles to obtain rock structure ultrasonic imaging section graphs of all positions and angles.
In specific implementation, aiming at a rock structure in a drilled hole, a probe of the ultrasonic scanning imager can be fixed on a bracket and placed in a target area of a rock wall in the drilled hole by means of auxiliary devices such as a push rod, a sliding rod, a clamp and the like under the help of a drilling platform or specific equipment; the probe for ultrasonic scanning imaging can realize up-down, left-right movement and 360-degree free rotation;
because the inside of the drill hole is generally filled with water or injected with a specific coupling agent, the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe based on the ultrasonic phased array imaging principle can realize ultrasonic scanning imaging inside the wall of the rock body hole; a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic scanning imaging diagram of a rock mass hole wall section is shown in figure 2; the adjustment of the frequency and the related configuration of the ultrasonic waves is based on the fact that the ultrasonic waves can penetrate through the internal structure of the rock mass by about 1 meter and can relatively clearly obtain an ultrasonic scanning imaging picture;
aiming at a large amount of ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs obtained by an ultrasonic scanning imager in real time, an abnormal structure in the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs can be automatically identified by using an image processing method, and qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out, specifically, firstly, an ultrasonic scanning imager (an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe) is used for directly obtaining an ultrasonic scanning imaging video ci, then, a Gaussian filtering method and an open-close operation method are used for removing high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals in the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs, noise is filtered, ultrasonic images of abnormal structures such as a structural plane, a broken zone and the like in a rock mass structure are reserved, and a binary image of the abnormal structure is obtained, namely, an ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure is obtained; then, counting and analyzing the number of ultrasonic facula points, the number of boundary stripes and the total area occupied by the boundary stripes in the binary image; finally, the change conditions of the light spots and the boundary stripes are monitored, so that the visual monitoring of the internal abnormal structure of the rock body is realized.
Preferably, the S, N, L is used for obtaining the potential geological disaster possibility parameters, specifically comprising the utilization of a formula
And acquiring a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K, wherein A is a total area covered by the detection of the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, T is a correction coefficient, and N is more than or equal to 3.
Preferably, the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is evaluated according to the geological disaster possibility parameter, and specifically, the higher the geological disaster possibility parameter is, the higher the evaluation on the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is.
In a specific embodiment, for the processed ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure, statistically analyzing the binarization image characteristics in the ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass internal structure at each angle position, and summarizing the binarization characteristics into the abnormal structure in the rock mass, specifically, for the binarization image characteristics in the ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass content structure, firstly, counting the total pixel number of a non-zero region, namely, the total area S of the abnormal structure equivalent to the internal profile of the rock mass; then, counting the total number N of the non-zero discontinuous light patches and the fringe bands, and counting the ratio of the boundary length of all the light patches and the fringe bands to the number of the pixel points occupied by all the light patches and the fringe bands, which is simply called as an occupation-length ratio L; finally, monitoring the change conditions of the optical plaques and the stripe bands in the binary image, and carrying out binary statistical characterization on the corresponding relation between the characteristic and the abnormal structure in the rock mass;
the corresponding relation between the abnormal structure in the rock mass and the binary statistical characteristics is as follows: if the counted total area S of the abnormal structure is large, the situation that the number of impurity fragment areas in the rock mass is large is indicated; if the counted total number N of the light spot blocks and the strip bands is large, the fact that the number of impurity fragments in the rock mass is large is shown; if the total length of the light spot blocks and the strip bands is larger than L, more crack structural surfaces or more regular crushing areas exist in the rock mass;
therefore, a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K for qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the potential geological disaster of the rock mass structure can be established according to the corresponding relations, and the parameter K can reflect the potential geological disaster degree of the rock mass structure of the detected area under certain conditions;
the potential geological disaster possibility parameter K is,
the method comprises the following steps that T is a correction coefficient, the value of the correction coefficient T is determined according to an ultrasonic scanning imaging image processing result in the complete rock mass structure under an ideal condition, specifically, the image contrast of an ultrasonic imaging profile is determined, the larger the image contrast is, the smaller the value of T is, meanwhile, the value of a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K of the complete rock mass structure under the ideal condition which is required to be met by T is 1, and the value range of T is 1-100; the calibration process of the calibration of the T value and the standard parameter calibration of the ultrasonic scanning imager needs to be carried out before the ultrasonic imaging section map is obtained;
when the total number N of the spot blocks and the stripe bands is smaller than 3, the relation of the potential geological disaster possibility parameter K is not established, and at the moment, only equipment replacement or an image processing method can be readjusted;
under the condition that N is more than or equal to 3, a certain proportional relation exists between the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure of the rock mass in the drill hole and K, namely the larger the K value is, the larger the potential geological disaster is;
when K is less than or equal to 1, judging that the probability of geological disasters exists in the region is low, and the rock mass structure is relatively stable; when K is larger than 1 and smaller than 10, judging that the region has certain potential geological disasters, and relatively breaking the rock mass structure; if the L value is larger and the S/N is smaller, the risk of geological landslide exists in the area; if the L value is small and the S/N is large, the risk of geological collapse exists in the area; the whole area has certain potential geological disaster risks; when K is greater than 10 and less than or equal to 100, judging that the potential geological disaster risk existing in the region is large, and the rock mass structure is relatively unstable; it should be noted that, when K is greater than 100, it is determined that there is an error in the calculation process of the value K, and there is a large error in the determination of the value of the correction coefficient T;
example 2
The invention provides a method for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters, which adopts an Apogee1100 all-digital color Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis system as an ultrasonic scanning imager, takes a 5MHz convex array probe as an optimal ultrasonic frequency and generation scanning imaging probe, fixes the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe on a push rod after the ultrasonic scanning imager and the probe of the type are configured, and puts the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe under a drill hole with the hole depth of 11.5 meters, at the moment, the hole is filled with turbid slurry water and has higher concentration, so that the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe can better contact the wall of the drill hole, special slurry powder is thrown into the hole under necessary conditions to serve as a coupling agent of the ultrasonic probe and the rock mass, and the value of a correction coefficient T is set to be 8.27; the method for monitoring the abnormal structure in the rock mass and evaluating the potential geological disasters comprises the following steps,
s1, building an ultrasonic scanning imaging transparent test system and related accessories of the rock body hole wall in the drill hole, such as accessories of a power supply, a cable, a bracket, a push rod and the like for field test, and performing preparation work before formal ultrasonic scanning imaging, such as adjusting the optimal setting of an ultrasonic scanning imager before testing, so that the ultrasonic scanning imager can be in an optimal working state;
step S2, fixing the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe on a first push rod, continuously threading five push rods in sequence through an inner tube, fixing the position of a fifth push rod, and reading the reading and rotation angle of the fifth push rod to be 1.5 meters and 45 degrees respectively, wherein the position of the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe in the drill hole is in the position direction of 9.5 meters and 45 degrees north east;
step S3, connecting a power supply and turning on the ultrasonic scanning imager; at the moment, the transmission imaging condition of ultrasonic waves emitted by an ultrasonic imaging probe in the drill hole to the internal structure of the hole wall can be seen on a screen of an ultrasonic scanning imager; for example, ultrasonic imaging spots formed by a sundry broken area in a drill hole and a strip-shaped stripe structure formed by a rock mass structural plane can be seen; after the ultrasonic scanning imaging system is adjusted, if the ultrasonic scanning image at the current angle position is clearly visible, the ultrasonic video image at the angle position can be stored, and the ultrasonic scanning video image star-cin file is transmitted in real time through a data line;
step S4, analyzing the ultrasonic scanning imaging video image into a frame of continuous single ultrasonic scanning image aiming at the transmitted ultrasonic scanning imaging video image, and analyzing the imaging characteristics and the corresponding relation of the internal structure of the rock pore wall in the image aiming at each frame of ultrasonic scanning image;
firstly, removing high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals in an ultrasonic scanning image by using a Gaussian filtering method and an opening and closing operation method, filtering noise, and keeping ultrasonic images of abnormal structures such as structural planes, broken zones and the like in a rock mass structure to obtain a binary image of the abnormal structures; then, counting the total area of the abnormal structure of the internal section of the rock mass; then, counting the total number of non-zero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, counting the ratio of the boundary length of all the optical patches and fringe bands to the number of pixel points occupied by all the optical patches and fringe bands, and finally, monitoring the change conditions of the optical patches and the boundary fringes so as to realize the visual monitoring of the internal abnormal structure of the rock body;
s5, in order to monitor abnormal structures in the rock body with the borehole inner hole wall in multiple aspects and multiple angles, the push rod position or the rotary push rod which moves slowly in sequence is provided, so that the translation, the inclined scanning imaging and the rotary scanning imaging of the ultrasonic imaging probe on the borehole inner hole wall and the rotary scanning imaging of the borehole bottom are realized, and the ultrasonic scanning imaging images of the internal structures of the rock body with the borehole inner hole wall at different positions and different angles in the borehole are obtained; sequentially storing a plurality of ultrasonic scanning video images at different positions and different angles, cin files and visual monitoring results; sequencing and combining the ultrasonic imaging sectional views of the rock mass structure at a plurality of position angles according to the sequence from deep to shallow and from large to small, and performing necessary image splicing and information fusion in a partial overlapping area; and finally, obtaining the internal structure information of the rock mass and the section structure information of the multi-dimensional space rock mass in a large range, and sequentially storing image data.
And 6S, after all the measuring points of the target area are finished, pulling out the push rod and the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe at the fixed part of the push rod, picking up equipment and instruments, and packaging all video image data and recording file information such as depth position, rotation angle and the like.
And S7, analyzing and counting the binarization image characteristics in the ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure at each angle position according to the field packaged video image data and the record file, wherein the binarization characteristics can be summarized as abnormal structure characteristics in the rock mass, and observing the corresponding relation between each binarization image characteristic and the corresponding rock mass structure in the original video.
Step S8, video image data and record files, taking the angle position in each hole as a unit, and counting the total pixel points S of the non-zero area of each frame of ultrasonic scanning image in turn1～SnTotal number N of non-zero discontinuous optical patches and stripes1～NnAnd the ratio of the occupied length of the light patch to the occupied length of the stripe1～LnAnd calculating their average value to obtain S1～SnHas an average value of 2568.31, N1～NnHas an average value of 16.42, L1～LnHas an average value of 738.29. The visual monitoring schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rock body with the borehole inner hole wall is shown in figure 3.
Step S9, according to the calculation formula of the potential geological disaster possibility parameter K, the ultrasonic scanning image realizes the prepared standard value a of 768 × 576, T of 8.27, and the calculation result of K is 2568.31 ÷ (768 × 576) × 738.29 ÷ 16.42 × 8.27 ≈ 2.16, at this time, the S/N value is 2568.31 ÷ 16.42 ÷ 156.41, and the L value is 738.29, so that it can be determined that the rock mass structure in the area on the borehole wall in the borehole is relatively broken, and the area has a risk of landslide and a certain potential geological disaster risk; an imaging effect diagram of the internal structure section of the rock body with the borehole inner hole wall is shown in figure 4.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a system for visually monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters, which comprises ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment, ultrasonic imaging profile processing equipment, an image characteristic counting module and a potential geological disaster degree evaluating module, wherein the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment is used for acquiring an ultrasonic imaging profile;
the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment is used for acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profiles at all positions and angles in a target area;
the ultrasonic imaging profile processing equipment is used for combining, splicing and fusing the ultrasonic imaging profiles at all positions and angles to obtain a processed ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure;
the image characteristic counting module is used for counting the binary image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile to obtain the total number S of pixels in a non-zero region, the total number N of non-zero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixels occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands;
and the potential geological disaster degree evaluation module is used for acquiring the potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters.
The ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment specifically comprises a B-ultrasonic instrument, a B-ultrasonic probe, a push rod and an image processing module;
aiming at the rock structure in the drill hole, a probe of the ultrasonic scanning imager can be fixed on a bracket and placed in a target area of the wall of the rock body in the drill hole under the assistance of a drilling platform or specific equipment by means of a push rod or a slide rod, a clamp and other auxiliary devices, and the ultrasonic scanning imager can realize vertical and horizontal movement and 360-degree free rotation, wherein the fixing mode of the ultrasonic scanning imager probe is schematically shown in fig. 5;
because the inside of the drill hole is generally filled with water or injected with a specific coupling agent, the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe based on the ultrasonic phased array imaging principle can realize ultrasonic scanning imaging inside the wall of the hole of the rock body, wherein the adjustment of the frequency and the related configuration of the ultrasonic wave is based on that the ultrasonic wave can penetrate through the internal structure of the rock body by about 1 meter and can relatively clearly obtain an ultrasonic scanning imaging image;
aiming at a large amount of ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs obtained by an ultrasonic scanning imager in real time, an abnormal structure in the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs can be automatically identified by using an image processing method, and qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out, specifically, firstly, an ultrasonic scanning imager (an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe) is used for directly obtaining an ultrasonic scanning imaging video ci, then, a Gaussian filtering method and an open-close operation method are used for removing high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals in the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs, noise is filtered, ultrasonic images of abnormal structures such as a structural plane, a broken zone and the like in a rock mass structure are reserved, and a binary image of the abnormal structure is obtained, namely, an ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure is obtained; then, counting and analyzing the number of ultrasonic facula points, the number of boundary stripes and the total area occupied by the boundary stripes in the binary image; finally, by monitoring the change conditions of the light spots and the boundary stripes, the visual monitoring of the internal abnormal structure of the rock body is realized;
directly acquiring an ultrasonic scanning imaging video (ci) file by using an ultrasonic imager; then, removing high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals in the ultrasonic scanning image by using a Gaussian filtering method and an opening and closing operation method, filtering noise, and keeping ultrasonic images of abnormal structures such as structural planes, broken zones and the like in the rock mass structure to obtain a binary image of the abnormal structure; then, counting and analyzing the number of ultrasonic light spots, the number of boundary stripes and the total area occupied by the boundary stripes in the binary image; finally, by monitoring the change conditions of the light spots and the boundary stripes, the visual monitoring of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is realized; a schematic diagram of visual monitoring of the internal structure of the rock mass is shown in fig. 6;
preferably, the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition device comprises an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, a push rod and an image processing module; the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment is used for acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profiles of all positions and angles in a target area, and specifically comprises,
the method comprises the steps that an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe is driven into a target area of a rock wall in a drilled hole through a push rod, the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe rotates, slides or inclines laterally through the push rod to obtain ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles in the target area, and an image processing module filters high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals of the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles to obtain rock structure ultrasonic imaging section graphs of all positions and angles.
In order to be capable of continuously and visually monitoring abnormal structures in a rock body in a multi-aspect mode, the embodiment of the invention provides the push rod which enables the ultrasonic imaging probe to conveniently move and rotate.
The push rod has the following characteristics: (1) each push rod is a hollow thin stainless steel pipe, the outer diameter is 15mm, the inner diameter is 10mm, and cables can be taken away in the push rods; (2) each push rod is 2 meters, depth scales are marked in sequence from the front end to the rear end, and a 360-degree azimuth angle is marked at the rear end; (3) the rear end of each push rod can be connected with the front end of the next push rod through a nut; (4) the front end of the first push rod is required to be connected with an ultrasonic imaging probe, the ultrasonic imaging probe can be fixed through a rotating nut, the probe can rotate 360 degrees in situ, and the probe can be moved in a sliding mode and tilted in a lateral direction.
The push rod can realize the translation, the inclined scanning imaging and the rotating scanning imaging of the ultrasonic imaging probe at the inner hole wall of the drill hole, and three ultrasonic scanning imaging schematic diagrams are shown in figures 7(a) - (c);
the total length of the push rods is calculated by reading the number of the push rods and the scale on the last push rod, so that the accurate position of the ultrasonic imaging probe in the drill hole can be known; and the rotating angle on the last push rod is read, the direction aligned with the ultrasonic imaging probe in the drill hole can be known, and accordingly, the real-time state information such as the position, the direction and the like of the ultrasonic imaging probe in the drill hole can be calculated. And calculating the rock structure information of the interior of the rock body on the inner wall of the drilled hole by the ultrasonic scanning image obtained in each position direction through the real-time information of the position and the direction of the probe.
According to the total length and the rotation angle of the push rod, obtaining an ultrasonic scanning image of the current rotation angle of the current position in the hole, further obtaining an ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure at the angle of the position, rotating the angle or moving to the next position after a period of time, obtaining the ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure at the angle of the next position according to the ultrasonic scanning image at the rotation angle of the position, and repeating the steps to sequentially obtain the ultrasonic imaging profiles of the rock mass structures at all positions and angles in the target area;
acquiring schematic diagrams of ultrasonic scanning images obtained at a plurality of positions and angles by rotating or translating an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, as shown in fig. 8; statistically analyzing the characteristics of the binaryzation image in the ultrasonic imaging profile of the internal structure of the rock body at each angle position aiming at the processed ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock body structure;
preferably, the module for evaluating the degree of the potential geological disaster obtains the possible parameter of the potential geological disaster according to the S, N, L, specifically including using a formula
And acquiring a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K, wherein A is a total area covered by the detection of the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, T is a correction coefficient, and N is more than or equal to 3.
Preferably, the evaluation module for the degree of the potential geological disaster evaluates the degree of the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameter, and specifically includes that the larger the geological disaster possibility parameter is, the larger the evaluation module for the degree of the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is.
It should be noted that the technical solutions described in examples 1 to 3 can be referred to each other without repeated descriptions.
The invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring an abnormal structure in a rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging section maps of all positions and angles in a target area, and carrying out combination and splicing fusion treatment on the ultrasonic imaging section maps of all the positions and angles to obtain a treated rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging section map; counting the binarization image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile map to obtain the total number S of pixel points in a nonzero region, the total number N of non-zero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixel points occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands; acquiring potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L, and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters; the method realizes the visual monitoring of the abnormal structure in the rock mass and the accurate evaluation of potential geological disasters.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the flow of the method implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a computer readable storage medium, to instruct related hardware. Wherein, the computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory or a random access memory, etc.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for monitoring abnormal structures in rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging sectional views of all positions and angles in a target area, and carrying out combination and splicing fusion treatment on the ultrasonic imaging sectional views of all positions and angles to obtain a treated rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging sectional view;
counting the binarization image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile map to obtain the total pixel number S of a nonzero region, the total number N of nonzero discontinuous optical patches and fringe bands, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe bands to the number of pixels occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe bands;
and acquiring potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L, and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters.
2. The method for monitoring the abnormal structure in the rock mass and evaluating the potential geological disasters according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for acquiring the rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging section maps of a plurality of position angles in a target area specifically comprises,
the method comprises the steps of putting an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe into a target area of a rock wall in a drilled hole, rotating, sliding or laterally inclining the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe to obtain ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles in the target area, and filtering high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals of the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles to obtain rock structure ultrasonic imaging section graphs of all positions and angles.
3. The method for monitoring the abnormal structure in the rock body and evaluating the potential geological disaster according to the claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the potential geological disaster possibility parameter according to the S, N, L comprises the following steps
And acquiring a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K, wherein A is a total area covered by the detection of the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, T is a correction coefficient, and N is more than or equal to 3.
4. The method for monitoring and evaluating the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to claim 3, wherein the evaluation of the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is performed according to the geological disaster possibility parameter, and specifically, the evaluation of the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass is performed according to the evaluation of the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass as the geological disaster possibility parameter is larger.
5. A system for monitoring abnormal structures in rock mass and evaluating potential geological disasters is characterized by comprising ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment, ultrasonic imaging profile processing equipment, an image characteristic counting module and a potential geological disaster degree evaluating module;
the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment is used for acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profiles of all positions and angles in a target area;
the ultrasonic imaging profile processing equipment is used for combining, splicing and fusing the ultrasonic imaging profiles at all positions and angles to obtain a processed ultrasonic imaging profile of the rock mass structure;
the image characteristic counting module is used for counting the binarization image characteristics in the processed rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profile map to obtain the total number S of pixel points in a nonzero region, the total number N of nonzero discontinuous optical patches and fringe zones, and the ratio L of the boundary lengths of all the optical patches and the fringe zones to the number of pixel points occupied by all the optical patches and the fringe zones;
and the potential geological disaster degree evaluation module is used for acquiring potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to the S, N, L and evaluating the potential geological disaster degree of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameters.
6. The system for monitoring the abnormal structure in the rock body and evaluating the potential geological disasters as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment comprises an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, a push rod and an image processing module; the ultrasonic imaging profile acquisition equipment is used for acquiring rock mass structure ultrasonic imaging profiles of all positions and angles in a target area, and specifically comprises,
the method comprises the steps that an ultrasonic scanning imaging probe is driven into a target area of a rock wall in a drilled hole through a push rod, the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe rotates, slides or inclines laterally through the push rod to obtain ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles in the target area, and an image processing module filters high-frequency and low-frequency noise signals of the ultrasonic scanning imaging graphs of all positions and angles to obtain rock structure ultrasonic imaging section graphs of all positions and angles.
7. The system for monitoring abnormal structures inside rock masses and evaluating potential geological disasters according to claim 6, wherein the module for evaluating the degree of potential geological disasters obtains potential geological disaster possibility parameters according to S, N, L, and specifically comprises the following steps of utilizing a formula
And acquiring a potential geological disaster possibility parameter K, wherein A is a total area covered by the detection of the ultrasonic scanning imaging probe, T is a correction coefficient, and N is more than or equal to 3.
8. The system for monitoring and evaluating the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to claim 5, wherein the module for evaluating the degree of the potential geological disaster evaluates the degree of the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the geological disaster possibility parameter, and specifically comprises evaluating the degree of the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure in the rock mass according to the degree of the potential geological disaster of the abnormal structure in the rock mass if the geological disaster possibility parameter is larger.
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