CN102680575B - A kind of impact mapping method of Complicate soil medium and system - Google Patents
A kind of impact mapping method of Complicate soil medium and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of impact mapping method and system of Complicate soil medium, described method, by rock soil medium surface excitation shock wave (P ripple), then records the simple component of the suitable natural frequency arranged in its certain limit or the elastic wave of three-component seismometer collection.By analyzing the space distribution state of the Assessment of Changes Complicate soil medium such as elastic wave waveform, frequency spectrum, small echo collected; Described system comprises: at least one is positioned at the wave detector on survey line; Surveying instrument, for recording the impact elasticity ripple signal received by wave detector; Data processing module, the detection data that surveying instrument obtains are arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate, obtain an original common offset reflection section, then carry out distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions process, result is according to actual position via made sectional view.The detection method that the present invention provides a kind of cost low, quick and easy for complicated Geotechnical Engineering and system.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the space distribution detection of a kind of rock and soil engineering detection, particularly Complicate soil medium (containing cavity, underground water, slurries etc.), belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field.
Background technology
Along with the use of lossless detection method in Geotechnical Engineering, geotechnical engineering structure Gernral Check-up obtains very large development.Current geotechnical engineering structure lossless detection method mainly contains rebound method, radar method, Impact echo and supercritical ultrasonics technology etc.Rebound method is the most frequently used a kind of lossless detection method, but rebound method can only record the quality condition of body structure surface, and its internal soundness information but cannot be learnt; Radar method can accurately be located inside configuration defect, but comparatively large by the impact of reinforcing bar low-resistivity layer shielding, be difficult to obtain reinforcing bar reflected image behind, and radar cannot provide the information of intensity aspect when especially reinforcing bar density is larger; Impact echo can record the thickness of inside configuration defect and component, but its longitudinal frame is lower, and accuracy of detection affects larger by the reinforcing bar of inside configuration and water cut; Ultrasound wave, to wearing test, although can obtain the velocity of longitudinal wave parameter of material monolithic, cannot be applied to the detection of underground Geotechnical Engineering.Surface wave is a kind of elastic wave along media table Es-region propagations, and its velocity of propagation and material dry density, compressive strength etc. have good correlativity.Therefore, the defect detecting the mechanical property of geotechnical structure material and existence with it is significant, has obtained great attention in the application aspect of the Non-Destructive Testing of geotechnical engineering structure.
In sum, Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement is a complicated systems engineering, comprises quantitative evaluation and the evaluation space of result.The quantitative evaluation of testing result is except with except the relating to parameters of checkout equipment, also relevant with the analytical approach detecting data, and detect that reinforcing bar in the analytical approach of data and structure distributes, the basic physics of thickness distribution, surrounding rock category, underground water, structure, mechanical index, topography and geomorphology, the distribution of the complex dielectrics such as geology, structure has close relationship, still undistinct for the Forward Modeling and Inversion analytical approach between various detection data and complex dielectrics at present.According to site test achievement, and consider to implement complexity and engineering cost, develop the space distribution of impact mapping method to Complicate soil medium and detect.The detection method that achievement in research provides a kind of cost low, quick and easy for complicated Geotechnical Engineering.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of impact mapping method and system of Complicate soil medium, for slip casting state, cavity distribution etc. in detection of complex Geotechnical Engineering, the method is according to the difference of shock wave propagation characteristic in Complicate soil medium, by to the analysis such as shock wave waveform, frequency spectrum, small echo detected, find out the space distribution (slip casting effect, cavity distribution) of complex dielectrics, simple and reliable, solve the above-mentioned deficiency existed in prior art.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The impact mapping method of a kind of Complicate soil medium of the present invention, the method, by rock soil medium surface excitation shock wave (P ripple), then records the simple component of the suitable natural frequency arranged in its certain limit or the elastic wave of three-component seismometer collection.By analyzing the space distribution state of the Assessment of Changes Complicate soil medium such as elastic wave waveform, frequency spectrum, small echo collected.
Said method concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
The first, survey line arranges a wave detector, then knocks dielectric surface in the place of wave detector setpoint distance, simultaneously with the impact elasticity ripple signal that measuring instrument records is received by wave detector, after completing the data acquisition of a point;
The second, wave detector and shock point are all moved forward, then gathers the data of next point in the same way;
Repeat first, second step process above until the data of whole piece survey line collected complete till;
3rd, the elastic wave signal of record is arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate, obtain an original common offset reflection section, the process such as distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions are carried out to detection data, result is according to actual position via made sectional view.
In the present invention, detect data acquisition distributed wave timely frequency division cloth treatment method, visualization processing forms two class sections and comprehensive two kinds of results finally form testing result section.
In the present invention, detect section need keep dry, smooth, from wave detector 0.5 ~ 1.0 meter of, four shot points are being set.
In the present invention, wave detector adopts velocity profile wave detector, natural frequency: 4.0 ~ 100Hz.The coupling on wave detector and ground need be kept during detection, the concrete pier that wave detector is connected with ground, area 10 × 10cm, inner mortar or concrete, be connected with ground by three screws.
In the present invention, distributed wave and time-frequency distributions two kinds of disposal routes are adopted to form visual image.
Described distribution process method, close to the reflectometry in petroleum prospecting, data are pressed wave detector coordinate launch to form common offset section, directly infer concrete change according to waveform situation of change, result according to actual position via makes sectional view together, the result of Waveform Analysis Method for ordinate (direction is downward) with the wave propagation time, take distance as horizontal ordinate (direction to the right), represents that the size of amplitude is made into elastic wave intensity section with color or level line.
Described time-frequency distributions disposal route, is characterized as ordinate (direction is downward) with wave frequency, with the reverberation time of ripple for horizontal ordinate (direction to the right), represents that the size of amplitude is made into wavelet denoise figure with color or level line.By carrying out the time frequency analysis such as continuous wavelet transform to the knocking of record, find out signal frequency phenomenon over time, and then infer the distribution of concrete lower part structure from the time-frequency Variation Features of knocking.
The present invention also provides a kind of impact image system of Complicate soil medium, comprising:
At least one is positioned at the wave detector on survey line, the impact elasticity ripple signal that when knocking rock soil medium surface for detecting, shock point produces;
Surveying instrument, for recording the impact elasticity ripple signal received by wave detector;
Data processing module, the detection data that surveying instrument obtains are arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate, obtain an original common offset reflection section, then carry out distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions process, result is according to actual position via made sectional view.
Still undistinct for the Forward Modeling and Inversion analytical approach between various detection data and complex dielectrics at present.The present invention is according to site test achievement, and consider to implement complexity and engineering cost, develop the space distribution of impact mapping method to Complicate soil medium to detect, the detection method that achievement in research provides a kind of cost low, quick and easy for complicated Geotechnical Engineering.The method is similar to the seismic reflection method of petroleum prospecting, elastic wave (ground roll, compressional wave and shear wave) will be produced when hitting the backplate surface of the rock soil medium such as immersed tube tunnel, elastic wave runs into interface (faying face of different medium) will produce reflection, the situation of the power reflection medium of reflection, by to the analysis such as shock wave waveform, frequency spectrum, small echo detected, find out the space distribution (slip casting effect, cavity distribution) of complex dielectrics, simple and reliable, solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 impacts Imaging Method schematic diagram;
Schematic diagram laid by Fig. 2 wave detector;
Fig. 3 distributed wave result figure;
Fig. 4 time-frequency distributions result figure.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, be measuring method schematic diagram of the present invention.The method:
First 1 wave detector is set on survey line, then knocks concrete surface, simultaneously with the impact elasticity ripple signal that instrument record is received by wave detector, after completing the data acquisition of a point in the place of distance wave detector dx rice; Wave detector and shock point are all moved forward DX rice, then gathers the data of next point in the same way; Repeat above process until the data of whole piece survey line collected complete till;
Then the elastic wave signal of record is arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate, obtains an original common offset reflection section.Although original common offset reflection section can reflect the change of medium under interface to a certain extent, the various waveform processing such as filtering to be carried out so that the situation of change of medium more clearly can be reflected to original common offset data under normal circumstances.Then detection data are arranged, comprise distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions etc., result is according to actual position via made sectional view and reaches very clear together.Testing result adopts Waveform Analysis Method and Time-frequency Analysis, and visualization processing is by formation two class section and comprehensive two kinds of results finally form testing result section.
In conjunction with above-mentioned description, provide Application Example of the present invention:
The concrete implementation condition of the present embodiment and details of operation as follows:
(1) testing conditions:
Detect section need keep dry, smooth, from wave detector 0.5 ~ 1.0 meter of, four shock points are being set.
(2) wave detector is arranged:
Adopt velocity profile wave detector, natural frequency: 4.0 ~ 100Hz.The coupling on wave detector and ground need be kept during detection, the concrete pier that wave detector is connected with ground, area 10 × 10cm, inner mortar or concrete, be connected with ground (as shown in Figure 2) by three screws.
(3) surveying instrument:
Surveying instrument can be any digital seismograph, the digital recorder (various universal seismograph) of 24 A/D converters and the high cut-off frequency of more than 5kHz.
(4) excitation device:
The steel ball of about 500 grams hits detection faces from 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter high freely falling body.
(5) measuring process:
Operation detailed in the present embodiment: first gridding is carried out to surveyed area, sizing grid 0.5 ~ 1.0m × 0.5 ~ 1.0m, and grid is numbered.During detection, put a wave detector at the center of grid, hit 4 angles of grid with the steel balls of 1 about 500 grams from 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter high freely falling body.Steel ball rope is fastened, and packs up rope, in case two-hit in the moment that tactile base plate bounce-back is got up.The data of four shock points are noted down separately, processing stage, it is then average as a signal to reject defective signal.After having detected a grid, then mobile 2 wave detectors detect next grid.Repetition like this, until cover whole detection plane.
(6) data processing is detected
Be arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate by the elastic wave signal of data processing module to record in the present embodiment, obtain an original common offset reflection section, then detection data are arranged, comprise distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions etc., result is according to actual position via made sectional view and reaches very clear together.Detect the disposal route of data and have two kinds, specifically can adopt wherein any one:
1. data analysing method:
Impact elasticity ripple Imaging Method generally divides distributed wave and time-frequency distributions two kinds of disposal routes:
Distributed wave: close to the reflectometry in petroleum prospecting, presses wave detector coordinate data and launches to form common offset section, directly infer concrete change according to waveform (amplitude size, waveform abundance, duration etc.) situation of change.In elastic wave signal, except useful signal, also have various disturbing.Therefore, which kind of method all will carry out waveform processing to data, by various process means compacting noise, strengthens useful signal.Conventional process gimmick has bandpass filtering, pie slice, time the seismic reflection method such as window and wavelet deconvolution process gimmick.Result is according to actual position via made sectional view and reaches very clear together.The result of wave form analysis for ordinate (direction is downward) with the wave propagation time, take distance as horizontal ordinate (direction to the right), represents that the size of amplitude is made into elastic wave intensity section (as shown in Figure 3) with color or level line.
2. with color or level line, time-frequency distributions: be characterized as ordinate (direction is downward) with wave frequency, with the reverberation time of ripple for horizontal ordinate (direction to the right), represents that the size of amplitude is made into wavelet denoise figure (as shown in Figure 4).By carrying out the time frequency analysis such as continuous wavelet transform to the knocking of record, find out signal frequency phenomenon over time, and then infer the distribution of concrete lower part structure from the time-frequency Variation Features of knocking.When concrete lower part medium becomes slurries from saturated soil, liquid medium can form reverberation effect, and thus the duration can be elongated.And the frequency of this secondary source of students also can change, and therefore can extract this characteristic by time frequency analysis, and then can judge the change of medium.The Time-Frequency Analysis Method such as continuous wavelet transform, amount of calculation is large, and its result also cannot be expressed with the form of section by picture frequency spectrometry like that, can only express with dot information.
Can be found out by above embodiment, the inventive method is similar to the seismic reflection method of petroleum prospecting, elastic wave (ground roll, compressional wave and shear wave) will be produced when hitting the backplate surface of immersed tube tunnel, elastic wave runs into interface (faying face of different medium) will produce reflection, the situation of the power reflection medium of reflection.When xoncrete structure detects, elasticity velocity of wave propagation but very large (more than 3000 meter per seconds), time required for elastic wave propagation is very short, the various ripples (ground roll, compressional wave direct wave, longitudinal wave reflection ripple, shear wave-compressional wave transformed wave etc.) produced during impact mix mutually, various ripple difference cannot be come with observation, need the data processing means of height to process.Testing result adopts distributed wave and time-frequency distributions, visualization processing is by formation two class section and comprehensive two kinds of results finally form testing result section, for evaluating the space distribution state of Complicate soil medium, it is the detection method that complicated Geotechnical Engineering provides a kind of cost low, quick and easy.
Although content of the present invention has done detailed introduction by above preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple amendment of the present invention and substitute will be all apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. an impact mapping method for Complicate soil medium, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first step, first carries out gridding to surveyed area, sizing grid 0.5 ~ 1.0m × 0.5 ~ 1.0m, and is numbered grid; During detection, put a wave detector at the center of grid, hit 4 angles of grid with the steel balls of 1 about 500 grams from 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter high freely falling body; Steel ball rope is fastened, and packs up rope, in case two-hit in the moment that tactile base plate bounce-back is got up; The data of four shock points are noted down separately, processing stage, it is then average as a signal to reject defective signal;
Second step, has detected mobile wave detector after a grid, has then detected next grid; Repetition like this, until cover whole detection plane;
3rd, the elastic wave signal of record is arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate, obtain an original common offset reflection section, distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions process are carried out to detection data, result is according to actual position via made sectional view;
The disposal route of described detection data acquisition distributed wave and time-frequency distributions, visualization processing forms two class sections and comprehensive two kinds of results finally form testing result section;
Described distributed wave disposal route, data are pressed wave detector coordinate launch to form common offset section, the change of rock soil medium is directly inferred according to waveform situation of change, result according to actual position via makes sectional view, the result of Waveform Analysis Method with the wave propagation time for ordinate and direction downward, with distance be horizontal ordinate and direction to the right, represent that the size of amplitude is made into elastic wave intensity section with color or level line;
Described time-frequency distributions disposal route, ordinate is characterized as and direction is downward with wave frequency, with the reverberation time of ripple for horizontal ordinate and direction to the right, represent that the size of amplitude is made into wavelet denoise figure with color or level line, by carrying out continuous wavelet transform time frequency analysis to the knocking of record, find out signal frequency phenomenon over time, and then infer the distribution of concrete lower part structure from the time-frequency Variation Features of knocking;
Described wave detector adopts velocity profile wave detector, natural frequency: 4.0 ~ 100Hz, keeps the coupling on wave detector and ground during detection.
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| CN106324096A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 南通筑升土木工程科技有限责任公司 | One-piece shock image mode exciting and receiving device |
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