CN110887527A - Distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device and detection method - Google Patents

Distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device and detection method Download PDF

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CN110887527A
CN110887527A CN201911238740.8A CN201911238740A CN110887527A CN 110887527 A CN110887527 A CN 110887527A CN 201911238740 A CN201911238740 A CN 201911238740A CN 110887527 A CN110887527 A CN 110887527A
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humidity
optical fiber
temperature
brillouin
mode
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董小鹏
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Xiamen University
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Xiamen University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

A distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device and a detection method relate to the field of humidity and temperature simultaneous detection in large-range and distributed environments. The detection device comprises sensing optical fibers and a Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, wherein the sensing optical fibers are connected with the Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, the sensing optical fibers are provided with a plurality of sections of humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fibers and humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fibers which are arranged at intervals, and the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fibers and the humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fibers are alternately welded. The sensing optical fiber can simultaneously obtain temperature and humidity information with large range and high spatial resolution and real-time change.

Description

Distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device and detection method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of simultaneous detection of humidity and temperature in a large-range and distributed environment, in particular to a device and a method for simultaneously detecting the humidity and the temperature of a distributed optical fiber.
Background
The traditional method for obtaining the environmental humidity based on the change of the refractive index of the material outside the optical fiber, which causes the change of the characteristics (such as transmission constant, phase or intensity) of the optical signal transmitted in the optical fiber, can generally only measure the humidity of a single point or a local part. As the common method for coating the polyimide material (PI) on the surface of the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), the PI material expands along with the change of humidity to cause the fiber strain to cause the central wavelength of the FBG to change; another common humidity detection method is to utilize light to pass through a space containing water vapor to cause a change in phase or intensity, and then calibrate the humidity detection method to measure the humidity. The common humidity measurement methods need to design and manufacture optical fiber sensing probes respectively, and have the defects of complex probe manufacturing process, long time, high cost, difficulty in multiplexing of an interference probe, difficulty in multi-point measurement and the like. In addition, since ambient temperature also has an effect on the measurement results, a temperature measurement element needs to be built into the humidity sensor head, increasing the complexity and cost of the sensor head.
In recent years, distributed strain and temperature measurements using brillouin scattering in optical fibers have received much attention. However, a distributed humidity sensor based on brillouin scattering and PI coating has not been reported, and how to eliminate the influence of temperature on the result in the distributed humidity measurement process needs to be solved urgently. In distributed optical fiber strain measurement, an optical fiber which is not affected by stress and only responds to temperature is generally arranged in parallel near a strain sensing optical fiber, and the measurement is generally realized by arranging another set of temperature sensing detection system based on the raman effect in the optical fiber. Because the temperature compensation scheme needs to lay another temperature sensing optical fiber and adopt a corresponding detection instrument, the software and hardware cost and complexity of the system are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device and a detection method, wherein a humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber and a humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fiber are alternately welded to form a sensing optical fiber, so that distributed humidity and temperature simultaneous measurement is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a distributing type optic fibre humidity and temperature are detection device simultaneously, includes sensing fiber and brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, sensing fiber connection brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, sensing fiber are equipped with the humidity-sensitive single mode fiber and the humidity-insensitive single mode fiber that the interval of multistage set up, and the butt fusion in turn of humidity-sensitive single mode fiber and humidity-insensitive single mode fiber.
The Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer comprises a narrow line width light source, a first coupler, a pulse modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a second coupler, a photoelectric detection and filter circuit, a frequency mixer, a frequency scanner and a digital signal processor; the light source output end of the narrow-linewidth light source is connected with the input end of a first coupler, one output end of the first coupler is connected with the optical fiber amplifier through a pulse modulator, and the other output end of the first coupler is connected with one input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the sensing optical fiber through a second coupler, and the input end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the other input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit through one output end of the second coupler; the output end of the photoelectric detection and filter circuit is connected with the input end of the frequency mixer; the frequency scanner is connected with the frequency mixer; and the output end of the frequency mixer is connected with the digital signal processor.
The outer surface of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber is coated with a polyimide material.
The humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber is coated with an acrylate material on the outer surface.
A distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection method is characterized in that Brillouin frequency shift of a humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber is only sensitive to temperature and is insensitive to humidity change, the Brillouin frequency shift of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber is responsive to temperature and humidity change, different response coefficients of the Brillouin frequency shift of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber and the humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fiber to temperature and humidity are respectively obtained, and then simultaneous equations of the Brillouin frequency shift along with the temperature and humidity change are established;
Δv1=CT1ΔT+CH1ΔH
Δv2=CT2ΔT+CH2ΔH
wherein, the delta v1 and the delta v2 are respectively the variation quantity of Brillouin frequency shift of the humidity insensitive single-mode fiber and the humidity sensitive single-mode fiber along with the temperature and the humidity, CT1And CH1Temperature and humidity coefficient, C, of a humidity insensitive single mode fiber, respectivelyT2And CH2Respectively representing the temperature coefficient and the humidity coefficient of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber, and respectively representing the variation of the temperature relative initial value T0 and the variation of the humidity relative initial value H0 by delta T and delta H; the actual temperature T and the relative humidity H can be calculated by T-T0 + Δ T, H-H0 + Δ H; the ambient temperature and humidity can be obtained by detecting the Brillouin frequency shift delta v of each section of single-mode optical fiber.
The Brillouin frequency shift delta v is obtained by the following method: narrow linewidth light source emitting frequency v0And split into probe light and reference light by the first coupler; the pulse modulator is used for amplifying the signal power to a proper value by adopting an optical fiber amplifier after pulse modulation is carried out on the detection light; when the detection light enters the sensing optical fiber region and generates Brillouin scattering in the sensing optical fiber, Brillouin backscattering light generates Brillouin frequency shift delta v relative to original incident light; the Brillouin backscatter light and the reference light are heterodyne-detected by a photoelectric detection circuit, and then heterodyne detection signals are further amplified, and direct current components and higher harmonics are removed by a filter circuit to obtain a difference frequency term v0- Δ ν; the difference frequency term v0- Δ ν and the signal generated by the microwave frequency source are mixed again by means of the mixer to obtain a baseband signal; and finally, performing Lorentz curve fitting on the Brillouin spectrum through a digital signal processor to calculate the Brillouin frequency shift delta v.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention obtains humidity information with large range and high spatial distribution rate by detecting Brillouin scattering signals transmitted in common single mode optical fiber coated with humidity sensitive material (such as polyimide or other materials), and in order to solve the influence of environmental temperature on the humidity signals, the single mode optical fiber coated with the humidity sensitive material and the single mode optical fiber coated with conventional material and only sensitive to temperature are alternately and sectionally welded, thereby realizing the simultaneous measurement of distributed humidity and temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph showing changes in brillouin frequency shift of SMF and PI-SMF fibers when the temperature is constant at 50 ℃ and the humidity changes by 30% with respect to an initial value H0;
fig. 3 shows the change in brillouin shift of the SMF and PI-SMF fibers when humidity is constant at 40% RH and temperature changes at 40 deg.c from the initial value T0.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes a sensing optical fiber and a brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer; specifically, the brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer comprises a narrow line width light source, a first coupler, a pulse modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a second coupler, a photoelectric detection and filter circuit, a mixer, a frequency scanner and a digital signal processor; the light source output end of the narrow-linewidth light source is connected with the input end of a first coupler, one output end of the first coupler is connected with the optical fiber amplifier through a pulse modulator, and the other output end of the first coupler is connected with one input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the sensing optical fiber through a second coupler, and the input end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the other input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit through one output end of the second coupler; the output end of the photoelectric detection and filter circuit is connected with the input end of the frequency mixer; the frequency scanner is connected with the frequency mixer; and the output end of the frequency mixer is connected with the digital signal processor.
The narrow linewidth light source emits light with a frequency v0And split into probe light and reference light by the first coupler; the pulse modulator is used for amplifying the signal power to a proper value by adopting an optical fiber amplifier after pulse modulation is carried out on the detection light; when the detection light enters the sensing optical fiber region and generates Brillouin scattering in the sensing optical fiber, Brillouin backscattering light generates Brillouin frequency shift delta v relative to original incident light; the Brillouin backscatter light and the reference light are heterodyne-detected by a photoelectric detection circuit, and then heterodyne detection signals are further amplified, and direct current components and higher harmonics are removed by a filter circuit to obtain a difference frequency term v0- Δ ν; the difference frequency term v0- Δ ν and the signal generated by the microwave frequency source are mixed again by means of the mixer to obtain a baseband signal; the frequency of the microwave frequency source is continuously changed by the frequency scanner to construct a Brillouin spectrum, and finally the Brillouin spectrum is subjected to Lorentz curve by the digital signal processorThe fitting can be calculated to obtain Brillouin frequency shift delta v.
The sensing optical fiber is provided with a plurality of sections of humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fibers and humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fibers which are arranged at intervals, and the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fibers and the humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fibers are alternately welded.
Within the allowable range of the precision of the detection circuit device, the lengths of the single sections of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber and the humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fiber are as small as possible, and the simultaneous detection of the distributed environment humidity and temperature with high spatial resolution can be realized; in this embodiment, the optical fiber sensing is a continuous sensing optical fiber formed by alternately fusing a single-mode fiber (PI-SMF) sensitive to humidity (such as PI coating) and a single-mode fiber (SMF) insensitive to humidity (such as acrylate coating), each of which has a length of 4 m.
According to the method, the long-distance sensing optical fiber is manufactured, the detection device is built, and after calibration, distributed detection of temperature and humidity can be achieved. The precision and the spatial resolution of distributed optical fiber temperature and humidity sensing measurement can be improved by selecting smaller optical fiber length and adopting high-performance device components.
The detection principle of the invention is as follows:
the Brillouin scattering frequency shift of light transmitted in the single-mode optical fiber is related to the temperature and the strain of the single-mode optical fiber, and the change of the environmental humidity can cause the change of the strain of the PI-coated single-mode optical fiber, so that the temperature and the humidity information of the position of the sensing optical fiber can be obtained by respectively measuring the Brillouin frequency shift of the single-mode optical fiber coated with and uncoated with PI materials; spatial localization of temperature or humidity changes may be achieved by optical time domain reflectometry techniques. Specifically, in this embodiment, after absorbing moisture and expanding, the PI film coated on the surface of the single-mode optical fiber generates a stress acting on the single-mode optical fiber, so that the single-mode optical fiber generates a strain, which causes a corresponding brillouin frequency shift in the scattered light signal; and the frequency of scattered light of the single-mode optical fiber coated with the humidity-insensitive material does not change when the humidity changes. Therefore, the distribution information of the temperature and the humidity of the space where the sensing optical fiber is located can be obtained by detecting the Brillouin scattering signals of different positions and different optical fibers.
A distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection method comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, different response coefficients of brillouin frequency shift to temperature and humidity of a humidity-sensitive single-mode fiber and a humidity-insensitive single-mode fiber are respectively obtained, the brillouin frequency shift responses to temperature and humidity of two single-mode fibers (SMF and PI-SMF) which are alternately connected in the embodiment are respectively shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, and the frequency shift of the SMF is only sensitive to temperature and is not sensitive to humidity change; the PI-SMF responds to temperature and humidity changes;
2. establishing a simultaneous equation of Brillouin frequency shift along with temperature and humidity changes;
Δv1=CT1ΔT+CH1ΔH
Δv2=CT2ΔT+CH2ΔH
wherein Δ v1 and Δ v2 are changes of Brillouin frequency shift with temperature and humidity of the humidity insensitive single mode fiber and the humidity sensitive single mode fiber, respectively, CT1And CH1Temperature and humidity coefficient, C, of a humidity insensitive single mode fiber, respectivelyT2And CH2Respectively representing the temperature coefficient and the humidity coefficient of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber, and respectively representing the variation of the temperature relative initial value T0 and the variation of the humidity relative initial value H0 by delta T and delta H; the actual temperature T and the relative humidity H can be calculated by T-T0 + Δ T, H-H0 + Δ H;
3. and (3) detecting the Brillouin frequency shift delta v of each section of single-mode optical fiber, and combining the calculation formula of the step (2) to obtain the sizes of the environmental temperature and the humidity.
Therefore, the invention can simultaneously obtain the temperature and humidity information with large range and high spatial resolution and real-time change through the sensing optical fiber.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a distributing type optic fibre humidity and temperature detection device simultaneously which characterized in that: the optical fiber temperature sensor comprises sensing optical fibers and a Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, wherein the sensing optical fibers are connected with the Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, the sensing optical fibers are provided with a plurality of sections of humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fibers and humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fibers which are arranged at intervals, and the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fibers and the humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fibers are alternately welded.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer comprises a narrow line width light source, a first coupler, a pulse modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a second coupler, a photoelectric detection and filter circuit, a frequency mixer, a frequency scanner and a digital signal processor; the light source output end of the narrow-linewidth light source is connected with the input end of a first coupler, one output end of the first coupler is connected with the optical fiber amplifier through a pulse modulator, and the other output end of the first coupler is connected with one input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the sensing optical fiber through a second coupler, and the input end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the other input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit through one output end of the second coupler; the output end of the photoelectric detection and filter circuit is connected with the input end of the frequency mixer; the frequency scanner is connected with the frequency mixer; and the output end of the frequency mixer is connected with the digital signal processor.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber is coated with a polyimide material.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber is coated with an acrylate material on the outer surface.
5. A distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection method is characterized in that: the Brillouin frequency shift of the humidity-sensitive single-mode fiber is only sensitive to temperature but not sensitive to humidity change, the Brillouin frequency shift of the humidity-sensitive single-mode fiber is responsive to temperature and humidity changes, different response coefficients of the Brillouin frequency shift of the humidity-sensitive single-mode fiber and the Brillouin frequency shift of the humidity-insensitive single-mode fiber to the temperature and the humidity are firstly obtained respectively, and then a simultaneous equation of the Brillouin frequency shift along with the temperature and the humidity changes is established;
Δv1=CT1ΔT+CH1ΔH
Δv2=CT2ΔT+CH2ΔH
wherein Δ v1 and Δ v2 are the changes of Brillouin frequency shift with temperature and humidity, C, of the humidity-insensitive single-mode fiber and the humidity-sensitive single-mode fiber, respectivelyT1And CH1Temperature and humidity coefficient, C, of a humidity insensitive single mode fiber, respectivelyT2And GH2Respectively representing the temperature coefficient and the humidity coefficient of the humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber, and respectively representing the variation of the temperature relative initial value T0 and the variation of the humidity relative initial value H0 by delta T and delta H; the actual temperature T and the relative humidity H can be calculated by T-T0 + Δ T, H-H0 + Δ H; the ambient temperature and humidity can be obtained by detecting the Brillouin frequency shift delta v of each section of single-mode optical fiber.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the Brillouin frequency shift delta v is obtained by the following method: narrow linewidth light source emitting frequency v0And split into probe light and reference light by the first coupler; the pulse modulator is used for amplifying the signal power to a proper value by adopting an optical fiber amplifier after pulse modulation is carried out on the detection light; when the detection light enters the sensing optical fiber region and generates Brillouin scattering in the sensing optical fiber, Brillouin backscattering light generates Brillouin frequency shift delta v relative to original incident light; the Brillouin backscatter light and the reference light are heterodyne-detected by a photoelectric detection circuit, and then heterodyne detection signals are further amplified, and direct current components and higher harmonics are removed by a filter circuit to obtain a difference frequency term v0- Δ ν; the difference frequency term v0- Δ ν and the signal generated by the microwave frequency source are mixed again by means of the mixer to obtain a baseband signal; and finally, performing Lorentz curve fitting on the Brillouin spectrum through a digital signal processor to calculate the Brillouin frequency shift delta v.
CN201911238740.8A 2019-12-06 2019-12-06 Distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device and detection method Pending CN110887527A (en)

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CN112781634A (en) * 2021-04-12 2021-05-11 南京信息工程大学 BOTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system based on YOLOv4 convolutional neural network
CN113702741A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 Novel cable structure and cable monitoring system

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CN112781634A (en) * 2021-04-12 2021-05-11 南京信息工程大学 BOTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system based on YOLOv4 convolutional neural network
CN113702741A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 Novel cable structure and cable monitoring system

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