CN108168728A - Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus and method - Google Patents
Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108168728A CN108168728A CN201711310550.3A CN201711310550A CN108168728A CN 108168728 A CN108168728 A CN 108168728A CN 201711310550 A CN201711310550 A CN 201711310550A CN 108168728 A CN108168728 A CN 108168728A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/168—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of polarisation
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Abstract
The present invention is to provide a kind of non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus and methods.Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, phase-modulator, polarization maintaining optical fibre, polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum group are into non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer, light is injected polarization maintaining optical fibre fast and slow axis through the polarizer and is transmitted by light source simultaneously, coaxial transmission signal interference is realized in interferometer, interference signal is detected by the polarization beam splitting difference detecting device that polarization-maintaining circulator, polarization beam apparatus and photodetector form, finally by signal acquisition demodulation recording device processing.Due to polarization maintaining optical fibre fast and slow axis parameter difference, so that fast axis signal and slow axis signal have different responses to identical temperature and strain, orthogonal response matrix is built by using non-equilibrium interferometer structure, and measure two-way interference signal temperature coefficient and strain-responsive coefficient, it can be achieved that temperature and strain at the same measure.The program solves the problems, such as cross sensitivity and measurement result is precise and stable, high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber sensing technology, specifically a kind of non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature
Degree strain simultaneous measuring apparatus and method.
Background technology
With the high speed development of human society, various infrastructure engineering facilities are constantly built, in large-scale modernization project
In structure, such as the structure safety guarantee of the buildings such as dam, skyscraper and bridge, strain detecting is indispensable means side
Method is both needed to strain detecting to ensure construction and running quality in the production and construction of many engineering structures and maintenance process.This
External strain detection has very heavy in the mankind's activities such as earthquake and crustal strain monitoring, oil well exploration and ocean environment monitoring
The application wanted, therefore all kinds of strain detection sensors emerge in an endless stream.
For traditional strain detector using electromechanical testing principle, fibre strain detector is due to body
The small light weight of product, electromagnetism interference, anti-corrosion electric insulate and gain great popularity the features such as can working in the presence of a harsh environment, especially
It is that the fibre strain detector based on interferometer principle is simple in structure, high sensitivity (micromicron, sub- micromicron grade displacement resolution), moves
It state range big (160~180dB) and is widely used the advantages that measure bandwidth (DC~MHz).But due to light
Fine unique characteristics, the strain detector that strain measurement uses are sensitive simultaneously to temperature and strain, and linearly related with the two, therefore
So that there is temperature and strain cross sensitivity in practical applications in sensors with auxiliary electrode, that is, it is difficult to be measured from what is finally obtained
In isolate temperature and strain respectively caused by variable quantity, this seriously inhibits fibre optic strain sensor engineering popularization.At present
Solve the problems, such as temperature strain cross sensitivity generally use technology have it is following several：
1st, using setting reference optical fiber measuring system method, i.e., a set of identical ginseng is arranged by measurement fibre optical sensor
It examines fibre optical sensor and it is allowed to be in not strained relaxed state, for obtaining temperature information, then from measurement Fibre Optical Sensor
Temperature information is deducted in the metrical information of device to obtain strain information.Such as Li Aiqun of Southeast China University in 2009 et al. proposes one
Kind fiber grating strain temperature simultaneously measuring sensor (CN200920040685.7), the sensor are exactly to utilize two sections of same lights
Fine grating allows one of them not measured temperature by stress matter, another is sensitive simultaneously to temperature and strain.It is but same due to needing
Shi Binghang arranges two sets of identical optical fiber sensing systems, but it is difficult to ensure that reference optical fiber sensing system during actual fabrication
System is completely the same with measuring optical fiber sensing system, and which has limited the applications of this method.
2nd, using integrated optical fibre strain and temperature sensor, i.e., two sensors are integrated in a set of optical fiber sensing system
Respectively come realize temperature and strain in an independent measurement to be measured and two it is to be measured while measure, usually one
Sensor measures temperature, another sensor measure temperature and strain, such as photoelectric project institute of University Of Chongqing in 2000 simultaneously
Rao Yun rivers propose a kind of integrated optical fibre strain and temp sensor device (CN00244460.7), which is by broadband
Fibre optic temperature sensor is integrated in optical fiber FP strain transducers so as to fulfill temperature and the function of strain while measurement.But collect
It is more complicated into integrated optical fibre strain and temperature sensor general structure, and it is difficult to ensure that integrated two kinds of fibre optical sensors
Measurement accuracy and measurement range are consistent so that this method application is less extensive.
3rd, it realizes that strain is sensed with temperature simultaneously measuring using fiber grating, i.e., constructs one using the characteristic of fiber grating
The special sensor of kind, such as Sundarrajan Asokan of India in 2012 et al. propositions are handed over using fiber bragg grating
Cross wires sensor distinguishes strain and temperature the method (US20120176597) of measurement, and the program utilizes optical fiber Bragg
Two parameters are different in grating cross spider sensor and the fiber grating sensitive simultaneously to temperature and strain constructs 2 levels
Matrix number, by being solved the function to realize temperature and strain while measure to this coefficient matrix.Optical fiber grating sensing
Device is general small and simple in structure, therefore application is relatively broad, but since the coefficient matrix of its structure is non-orthonormal matrix,
This causes the obtained solution of matrix that can have greatly changed with the faint variation of matrix parameter, and it reduce measurement results
Stability.
4th, realize that strain is sensed with temperature simultaneously measuring using physical effects such as brillouin effect and Ramam effects, it is most common
The fibre optical sensor using brillouin effect, such as Meng Zhou of science and techniques of defence technology university of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in 2013 etc.
People proposes a kind of while measures temperature and the distributed fiberoptic sensor method and device (CN201310140194.0) of strain, is somebody's turn to do
Scheme is by being successively separately injected into same root general single mode sensor fibre by the incident light of two different wave lengths and measuring it respectively
Brillouin shift amount come realize temperature and strain simultaneously measurement function.But sensors with auxiliary electrode apply with distributed sensing and
Have the shortcomings that complicated, corollary equipment is more.
5th, using special optical fiber realize strain with temperature simultaneously measuring sense, such as the China Measures Institute in 2015 Bian after
City et al. proposes a kind of sensor measured simultaneously based on spherical and thin-core fibers temperature and strain
(CN201520488312.1), which causes cladding mode and core mode to form Mach Zehnder and interfere using special optical fiber
Instrument come realize temperature and strain simultaneously measurement function.But due to the use of special optical fiber cause the cost of sensors with auxiliary electrode compared with
Height, and fiber-drawing techniques are limited to, the special optical fiber quality unstable performance for leading to sensor in part is inconsistent.
In addition, also numerous other kinds of fibre optical sensors can realize strain and temperature simultaneously measuring, such as 2008
Year, the Mark E.Froggatt in the U.S. proposed the distribution strain in polarization maintaining optical fibre and the method for temperature simultaneously measuring
(US20080002187) come realize temperature and strain at the same measure.
But for the optical fiber interferometer sensor being most widely used, it is so that reference optical fiber to be set to measure mainly
System method and intersected using integrated optical fibre strain and temperature sensor to solve the temperature of optical fiber interferometer sensor and strain
Tender subject, but be also obvious the shortcomings that both methods.Therefore at present in existing disclosed patented technology simultaneously
Neither one it is simple effective and can blanket method solve the temperature of optical fiber interferometer sensor and strain
Cross sensitivity problem.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind can solve the problems, such as temperature and strain cross sensitivity, realize temperature and strain
The non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus measured while parameter.The present invention also aims to
A kind of non-equilibrium polarization-maintaining light of the non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus based on the present invention is provided
Fine dual interferometer temperature strain while measuring method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
The non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus of the present invention, including narrow-linewidth laser light source
101st, the polarizer 111, non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer 130, polarization beam splitting difference detecting device 140 and signal acquisition demodulation
Recording device 150,
Narrow bandwidth laser light source 101 is connect by the polarizer 111 with 141 input terminal a of polarization-maintaining circulator, junction polarization-maintaining light
Fine is 0 °~45 ° to shaft angle degree 121；Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130 by polarization beam splitting difference detecting device 140 with
Signal acquisition demodulation recording device 150 is connected；
Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer 130 is by 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers 131, phase-modulator 134, and the 1st,
2 polarization maintaining optical fibres the 132,135 and the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133,136 composition；Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 131 first is defeated
Outlet c3 connects the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133 by the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre 132, forms the first interferometer regular length pickup arm
l1；131 second output terminal c4 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is sequentially connected the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre 135 and the 2nd by phase-modulator 134
Polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 136 forms the second interferometer regular length pickup arm l2, non-equilibrium 130 brachium of polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer
Poor Δ l=| l1-l2| ＞ 0.1m, all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions are 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；
Polarization beam splitting difference detecting device 140 by polarization-maintaining circulator the 141, the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 142,145, the 1st,
2nd differential detector 143 and 146,144 and 147 forms；131 first input end c1 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler passes through polarization-maintaining annular
Device 141 connects the 1st polarization beam apparatus 142, and 131 second input terminal c2 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler connects with the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 145
It connects, all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions are 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；1st differential detector the 143 and 146 and the 1st, the 2nd polarizes
Beam splitter 142, the connection of 145 fast axle signal output ends, the 2nd differential detector 144 and 147 and the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 142,
145 slow axis signal output ends connect.
The non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus of the present invention can also include：
1st, the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 131 is 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, and optimal splitting ratio is 50:50 and speed
Axis works at the same time, and wavelength wavelength operating range can cover the emission spectrum of narrow-linewidth laser light source 101, and tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
2nd, the fast and slow axis of the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133,136 works at the same time, and reflected light is inclined with incident light
Polarization state is identical, and wavelength wavelength operating range can cover the emission spectrum of narrow-linewidth laser light source 101, and tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
3rd, the polarizer 111, polarization-maintaining circulator the 141, the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre 132,135, the 1st, the 2nd protects polarization beam apparatus
142nd, the 145 and the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the wavelength wavelength operating range of the 4th photodetector 143,144,146,147 can cover narrow
The emission spectrum of line width laser light source 101；The output terminal l1 of the polarizer 111, the 1st, the 2nd protects the defeated of polarization beam apparatus 142,145
Enter and hold p1, p4, phase-modulator 134, polarization-maintaining circulator 131 and the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133,136 tail optical fiber
It is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
The measuring method of non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus based on the present invention is：
1) the measuring device pickup arm in the lab, is made to be in isoperibol, applies tensile stress, record with displacement platform
Displacement data and phase change data calculate the coefficient of strain of slow axis, that is, x-axis interferometer and fast axle, that is, y-axis interferometerAnd it is calculated after being used as known constant；
2) the measuring device pickup arm in the lab, is made to be in relaxed state, change environment temperature and records phase change
Change data, calculate the coefficient of strain of slow axis, that is, x-axis interferometer and fast axle, that is, y-axis interferometerAnd it is used as known constant
It is calculated after being used as；
3) measuring device is put into test environment, and the pickup arm optical fiber fixation of interferometer is attached to object under test
Surface, the strain stress and variation of ambient temperature Δ T of object under test are applied to by contact or medium transmission on sensor fibre,
The final phase for so that interference signal demodulates changes, and records fast and slow axis interferometer phase data, obtains Δ φx、Δφy；
4) constant that will be measured in laboratoryWithAnd the Δ φ obtained in test environmentx、Δφy；
Bring formula intoIn, it is obtained by calculation and treats
Survey the strain parameter and temperature change of environment.
The present invention provides the method and device that a kind of non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain measures simultaneously, profits
Temperature and strain cross sensitivity can be solved the problems, such as with the method and device, measured while realizing temperature and strain parameter.
The main end feature packet for the device that the non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain of the present invention measures simultaneously
It includes：
Main composition includes：Narrow-linewidth laser light source 101, the polarizer 111, non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer 130, partially
Shake beam splitting difference detecting device 140, signal acquisition demodulation recording device 150, as shown in Figure 1.
(1) narrow bandwidth laser light source 101 is connect by the polarizer 111 with 141 input terminal a of polarization-maintaining circulator, and junction is protected
Polarisation fibre is 0 °~45 ° to shaft angle degree 121；Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130 passes through polarization beam splitting difference detecting device
140 are connected with signal acquisition demodulation recording device 150；101 output light of narrow-linewidth laser light source becomes after crossing the polarizer 111
For line polarisation, and enter in junction 121 and the polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis subscript at 45 ° of 141 input terminal a of polarization-maintaining circulator so that protect
Polarisation fibre fast axle and slow axis while the identical optical transport of Implantation Energy, it is such as attached later into non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130
Shown in Fig. 2；
(2) non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130 is protected by 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers 131, phase-modulator the 134, the 1st
Polarisation fibre 132, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre 135 and the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 136 form；It protects
Inclined 131 first output terminal c3 of fiber coupler connects the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133 by the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre 132, and composition is dry
Interferometer regular length pickup arm l1；131 second output terminal c4 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is by phase-modulator 134 successively with the 2nd
135 and the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 136 of polarization maintaining optical fibre, composition interferometer regular length pickup arm l2, non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre does
Interferometer (130) arm length difference Δ l=| l1-l2| ＞ 0.1m, all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions are 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；It is non-
Balance in polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130 thus polarization maintaining optical fibre and polarization-maintaining device be all fast axle with fast axis connection, slow axis with it is slow
Axis connection when light injects fast axle simultaneously and slow axis transmits, is transmitted by non-equilibrium 130 optical interference circuit of polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer,
Finally so that fast axial light exists simultaneously do not interfere with each other respectively with the fast axle interference of light, slow axial light and the slow axis interference of light and two-way interference,
This so that exist simultaneously fast axle light path interferometer in non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130 interferes with slow axis light path interferometer two-way
Instrument；
(3) polarization beam splitting difference detecting device 140 is by polarization-maintaining circulator the 141, the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 142,145, and
1st, the 2nd differential detector 143 and 146,144 and 147 forms；131 first input end c1 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler passes through polarization-maintaining ring
Shape device 141 connects the 1st polarization beam apparatus 142, and 131 second input terminal c2 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler connects with the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 145
It connects, all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions are 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；1st differential detector and the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus
142nd, 145 fast axle signal output ends connect, and the 2nd differential detector and the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 142,145 slow axis signals export
End connection；The interference signal transmitted respectively in fast axle and slow axis is by the first input end c1 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 131 and the
Two input terminal c2 are exported, and the fast axle interference letter of wherein first input end c1 is transmitted with slow axis interference signal through polarization-maintaining circulator 141
It to the 1st polarization beam apparatus 142 and is detached, fast axle interference letter and the slow axis interference signal of the second input terminal c2 are transferred to the 2nd partially
It shakes and beam splitter 145 and is detached, the fast axis signal of two-way is detected by the 1st differential detector, and two-way slow axis signal is visited by the 2nd difference
It surveys device to detect, difference detecting realizes common mode inhibition, differential mode once quick effect, and photodetector is by the signal transmission detected to believing
Number acquisition demodulation recording device 150 in；
(4) signal acquisition demodulation recording device 150 is made of data collecting card 151 and signal demodulation logging software 152,
Wherein data collecting card 151 is directly connect with signal demodulation logging software 152；In addition, the 1st, the 2nd differential detector 143 with
146th, it 144 is connect with 147 and phase-modulator 134 with data collecting card 151；The signal that differential detector detects is by counting
It is acquired according to capture card 151, it is final to transmit signal demodulation logging software 152, signal is solved by signal demodulation logging software 152
Tune, display and record preservation etc. science and engineering are made, and synchronous signal demodulates logging software 152 and controls data collecting card 151 to phase
134 load-modulate signal of modulator.
Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 131 is：2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, optimal splitting ratio are 50:50 and fast and slow axis simultaneously
Work, wavelength wavelength operating range can cover the emission spectrum of narrow-linewidth laser light source 101, and tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre；
1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133,136, fast and slow axis work at the same time, and reflected light is identical with incident light polarization state,
Wavelength wavelength operating range can cover the emission spectrum of narrow-linewidth laser light source 101, and tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre；
The polarizer 111, polarization-maintaining circulator the 141, the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre 132,135, the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 142,
145, the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the 4th photodetector 143,144,146,147, wavelength wavelength operating range can cover narrow-linewidth laser light
The emission spectrum in source 101；The output terminal l1 of the polarizer 111, the 1st, the 2nd protects input terminal p1, p4 of polarization beam apparatus 142,145,
Phase-modulator 134, polarization-maintaining circulator the 131, the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133,136, tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
The present invention is a kind of technological improvement to the strain gauge based on fibre optic interferometer, mainly solves general single mode
Temperature existing for the strain gauge of fibre optic interferometer and strain cross sensitivity problem, are surveyed while realizing temperature and strain parameter
Amount.It realizes that the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention adopts the technical scheme that and utilizes the polarization maintaining optical fibre generation with two transmission axles of fast and slow axis
A full polarization fibre optical interference circuit is built for single mode optical fiber and using polarization-preserving optical fibre device, as shown in Figure 1.In polarization maintaining optical fibre
In, light can be along fast axle and the mutually independent transmission of slow axis, therefore can utilize the fast and slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre in same light
Two optical interference circuits are realized in fine interference system, since the parameters such as polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle and the refractive index of slow axis are inconsistent, are caused
Fast axle optical interference circuit and the phase output of slow axis optical interference circuit are respectively provided with temperature coefficient and the coefficient of strain, dry by measuring two
Temperature coefficient and the coefficient of strain that light path has are related to, structure one is orthogonal between output phase and amount temperature to be measured and strain
Coefficient matrix, due to the property of orthogonality of coefficient matrix so that when matrix parameter changes, the obtained solution of matrix can be relatively steady
Fixed, this realizes the Stability and veracity of Matrix Solving.Therefore, using the orthogonal coefficient matrix solve and temperature can be realized
It is measured while degree and strain and measurement result is stablized, this solves the problems, such as temperature and strain cross sensitivity in fibre optic interferometer
And measurement result is precise and stable, high sensitivity, is suitable for engineer application.
In order to realize light in two transmission axles of polarization maintaining optical fibre --- it is transmitted while in fast axle and slow axis, we use tail optical fiber
The polarizer for polarization maintaining optical fibre is connect with light source, and the polarizer is connect with polarization maintaining optical fibre, and tie point is 0 °~45 ° to shaft angle degree.
As shown in Figure 2, light source output light becomes line polarisation after the polarizer, passes through after keeping polarization state by polarizer tail optical fiber
Light will be transmitted to the tie point that shaft angle degree is 0 °~45 ° to be divided into equal-sized two parts of energy to be injected separately into polarization-maintaining coupler defeated
Enter to hold and be transmitted in polarization maintaining optical fibre fast and slow axis.In fibre optic interferometer, temperature and strain and the relationship of interferometer output phase are journeys
Linearly related, then for slow axis (x-axis) interferometer and fast axle interferometer, demodulate the changes delta φ of output phasex、Δ
φyRelationship between strain stress, change in temperature Δ T can be expressed as：
Formula (1)-formula (2), obtains the system of linear equations represented with matrix in this way：
In formula (1), formula (2),WithRespectively polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis (x-axis) interferometer and fast axle (y-axis)
The coefficient of strain, the temperature coefficient of interferometer are all that can lead to experiment with the relevant constant of optical fiber inherent parameters, value and measure
It arrives, also can shift estimation onto by theory obtains approximation.Utilize the elasto-optical coefficient, thermo-optical coeffecient, thermal expansion of general single mode fiber
The parameters such as coefficient and polarization maintaining optical fibre birefringence, with reference to the length l as sensor fibre in interferometer1≈l2＞ ＞ Δ l, and
Found by theory deduction as arm length difference Δ l=| l1-l2| during ＞ 0.1m, the coefficient matrix in formula (3) can be changed to orthogonal coefficient square
Battle array, relative to non-orthogonal coefficient matrix, the solution with the linear equation of orthogonal coefficient matrix is more stable, i.e., when orthogonal coefficient square
It is smaller on the solution influence of linear equation when faint variation occurs for a certain parameter in battle array, as shown in Figure 3.Therefore in practical application
In, the non-equilibrium interferometer that arm length difference is more than 0.1m is constructed, this causes measurement result more accurate stable.It is further to formula (3)
Abbreviation obtains：
In actual test, the phase information that is recalled by interferometer last solution, and test and calculate before combining
Four parameters of the coefficient matrix arrived carry out operation according to formula (4) and can obtain temperature to be measured and strain parameter.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
(1) system is designed using full polarization fibre interferometer, realized in same fiber optic interferometric system fast axial light with it is fast
The axis interference of light, slow axial light and the slow axis interference of light, the different temperatures coefficient and the coefficient of strain having using two optical interference circuits are real
Now to being measured while temperature and strain, solves the problems, such as the cross sensitivity of temperature and strain.
(2) system is designed using non-equilibrium interferometer so that interferometer two-arm arm length difference is more than 0.1m, is done using fast and slow axis
The temperature coefficient and the coefficient of strain of interferometer, build orthogonal coefficient matrix, this enables the coefficient matrix to solve a stabilization
Solution, it is ensured that the accuracy and stability of the device measurement result.
(3) system uses Michelson type interferometer structures, and optical signal causes it twice in sensor fibre by round-trip
To the extraneous response to be measured for generating 2 times, which greatly enhances system sensitivities.In addition all -fiber light path design so that the dress
It puts small and easily builds, be suitable for instrumentation.
(4) system uses full polarization fibre light path design, and polarization maintaining optical fibre has the function of to keep transmission polarization state, this keeps away
Exempt from changing and existing polarization decay problem at random due to polarization state in general single mode fiber interferometer, improve interference letter
Number stability, and then improve the stability of system and device performance.
The present invention is based on prior art improvement, provide a kind of non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain and survey simultaneously
The method and device of amount, design philosophy are：It can be mutual indepedent simultaneously along fast axle and slow axis in polarization maintaining optical fibre using light
The characteristic of transmission is built full polarization fibre using polarization maintaining optical fibre and polarization-maintaining device and is interfered, using the polarizer by light source output
After light becomes line polarisation, enter polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer with polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission axle subscript at 45 °, this causes polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer
Fast axle and slow axis have optical transport and transmission light energy it is equal in magnitude, finally in interferometer realize fast axial light done with fast axial light
It relates to, slow axial light and the slow axis interference of light, therefore the fast and slow axis that polarization maintaining optical fibre may be used is realized in same fiber optic interferometric system
Two optical interference circuits.Since the parameters such as polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle and the refractive index of slow axis are inconsistent, cause fast axle optical interference circuit with it is slow
The phase output of axis optical interference circuit is respectively provided with temperature coefficient and the coefficient of strain, by the brachium for changing polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer
Difference builds non-equilibrium interferometer, just can structure between output phase and amount temperature to be measured and strain when arm length difference is more than 0.1m
An orthogonal coefficient matrix is built, due to the property of orthogonality of coefficient matrix so that when matrix parameter changes, matrix is acquired
Solution can stablize relatively, this realizes the Stability and veracity of Matrix Solving.Therefore, it is asked using the orthogonal coefficient matrix
Solution measures while temperature and strain can be realized and measurement result is stablized, this solves temperature and strain in fibre optic interferometer and hands over
Pitch sensitive issue.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus principle schematic；
Fig. 2 a are that polarizer output polarization maintaining optical fibre is directed at signal for 0 °~45 ° with polarization-maintaining coupler input polarization maintaining optical fibre tie point
Figure；Fig. 2 b are transmission polarization state schematic diagrames in polarizer output terminal l1；Fig. 2 c are that tie point 121 punishes light situation schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 d are transmission polarization state schematic diagrames in polarization-maintaining circulator input terminal a；
Fig. 3 a are the schematic diagrames of the non-orthogonal situation of coefficient matrix；Fig. 3 b are coefficient matrixes be it is orthogonal in the case of signal
Figure.
Specific embodiment
It illustrates below and the present invention is described in more detail.
Before temperature and strain is tested, need correctly to connect device.As shown in attached drawing 1 and attached drawing 2,
Each section device is connected according to the described connection mode of invention content, to make light path more stable, all light path connections are equal
Using welding manner.
Connection mode：
(1) narrow bandwidth laser light source 101 is connect by the polarizer 111 with 141 input terminal a of polarization-maintaining circulator, and junction is protected
Polarisation fibre is 0 °~45 ° to shaft angle degree 121；Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130 passes through polarization beam splitting difference detecting device
140 are connected with signal acquisition demodulation recording device 150；
(2) non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer 130 is protected by 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers 131, phase-modulator the 134, the 1st
Polarisation fibre 132, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre 135 and the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 136 form；It protects
Inclined 131 first output terminal c3 of fiber coupler connects the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 133 by the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre 132, and composition is dry
Interferometer regular length pickup arm l1；131 second output terminal c4 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is by phase-modulator 134 successively with the 2nd
135 and the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum 136 of polarization maintaining optical fibre, composition interferometer regular length pickup arm l2, non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre does
Interferometer (130) arm length difference Δ l=| l1-l2| ＞ 0.1m, all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions are 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；
(3) polarization beam splitting difference detecting device 140 is by polarization-maintaining circulator the 141, the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 142,145, and
1st, the 2nd differential detector 143 and 146,144 and 147 forms；131 first input end c1 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler passes through polarization-maintaining ring
Shape device 141 connects the 1st polarization beam apparatus 142, and 131 second input terminal c2 of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler connects with the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 145
It connects, all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions are 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；1st differential detector and the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus
142nd, 145 fast axle signal output ends connect, and the 2nd differential detector and the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus 142,145 slow axis signals export
End connection；
(4) signal acquisition demodulation recording device 150 is made of data collecting card 151 and signal demodulation logging software 152,
Wherein data collecting card 151 is directly connect with signal demodulation logging software 152；In addition, the 1st, the 2nd differential detector 143 with
146th, it 144 is connect with 147 and phase-modulator 134 with data collecting card 151；
The detailed performance parameter for the optical fibre device that the invention device is selected is as described below.
(1) operation wavelength of narrow-linewidth laser light source is 1550 ± 20nm, centre wavelength 1550nm, and fiber power is more than
2mW, spectral line width are less than 1pm；
(2) the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarizer is three-port circulator, operation wavelength 1550nm, insertion loss 1dB, echo damage
Consumption is more than 55dB, and tail optical fiber is panda type polarization-preserving fiber；
(2) operation wavelength of polarization-maintaining circulator is 1550nm, extinction ratio 30dB, and insertion loss is less than 1dB, and input terminal is
Single mode optical fiber is exported as panda type polarization-preserving fiber；
The operation wavelength of (3) 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers be 1550nm, splitting ratio 50:50 and fast and slow axis simultaneously work
Make, tail optical fiber is panda type polarization-preserving fiber；
(4) phase-modulator be piezoelectric ceramic ring, a diameter of 30mm, winding fiber lengths be 1000mm, winding optical fiber
For panda type polarization-preserving fiber, modulation amplitude is more than 2 π；
(5) the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre is panda type polarization-preserving fiber, and extinction ratio is better than 20dB, and length is respectively
97000mm、98000mm；
(6) the 1st, the operation wavelength of the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum is 1550 ± 5nm, and fast and slow axis works at the same time, reflected light with
Incident light polarization state is identical, insertion loss 0.6dB, and tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre and length is 1000mm；
(7) the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus be 1 × 2 polarization beam apparatus, operation wavelength 1550nm, extinction ratio be more than 20dB,
Insertion loss is less than 0.5dB, and input terminal tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre；
(8) the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the light-sensitive material of the 4th photodetector be InGaAs, optical detection ranging from 1100~
1700nm, responsiveness are more than 0.9A/W, such as use the Nirvana of New Focus companiesTMSerial 2017 type balanced detectors.
The course of work of measuring device is as follows：
First, the respective temperature coefficient of fast and slow axis interferometer and the coefficient of strain are measured in the lab and go out formula in calculating
(3) four parameters of orthogonal coefficient matrix inAndValue, and as known constant be used as later calculate；
Secondly, which is put into test environment, and the sensor fibre of interferometer, that is, interferometer two-arm fixation is depended on
On object under test surface.When strain occurs for object under test or temperature changes, the strain of object under test and environment temperature
Degree variation is applied to by contact or medium transmission on the sensor fibre of interferometer so that the length and refractive index of sensor fibre
It changes, and then influences in sensor fibre the light path for transmitting light, it is final so that the phase that interference signal demodulates becomes
Change.But it is detected after interference light signal output interferometer by photodetector and is converted into electric signal, the electric signal after conversion leads to
Oversampling circuit amplifies and is acquired by data collecting card, be finally transferred to signal demodulating system and demodulate the variation of phase, then will
Phase information is recorded and is preserved.
Finally, it is obtained and as four parameters of orthogonal coefficient matrix of known quantity with reference to measurement before
And measured in test environment and obtain the phase change of fast axle interferometer and slow axis interferometer, pass through calculating according to formula (4)
The value of physical parameter strain to be measured and temperature change is can be obtained by, finally realizes and is measured while strain and temperature.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus, including narrow-linewidth laser light source (101),
The polarizer (111), non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer (130), polarization beam splitting difference detecting device (140) and signal acquisition solution
Recording device (150) is adjusted, it is characterized in that：
Narrow bandwidth laser light source (101) is connect by the polarizer (111) with polarization-maintaining circulator (141) input terminal (a), and junction is protected
Polarisation fibre is 0 °~45 ° to shaft angle degree (121)；Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer (130) passes through polarization beam splitting difference detecting
Device (140) is connected with signal acquisition demodulation recording device (150)；
Non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer (130) is by 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers (131), phase-modulator (134), the 1st,
2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre (132,135) and the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum (133,136) composition；Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler
(131) first output terminals (c3) connect the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum (133) by the 1st polarization maintaining optical fibre (132), and composition first is dry
Interferometer regular length pickup arm (l1)；Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (131) second output terminal (c4) by phase-modulator (134) according to
The 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre (135) of secondary connection and the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum (136), form the second interferometer regular length pickup arm
(l2), non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre interferometer (130) arm length difference Δ l=| l1-l2| ＞ 0.1m, all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions
It is 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；
Polarization beam splitting difference detecting device (140) is by polarization-maintaining circulator (141), and the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus (142,145),
1st, the 2nd differential detector (143 and 146,144 and 147) forms；Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (131) first input end (c1) passes through
Polarization-maintaining circulator (141) connects the 1st polarization beam apparatus (142), (131) second input terminal (c2) of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and the 2nd
Polarization beam apparatus (145) connects, and all polarization maintaining optical fibre junctions are 0 °~0 ° to shaft angle degree；1st differential detector (143
With 146) being connect with the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus (142,145) fast axle signal output end, the 2nd differential detector (144 and 147)
It is connect with the 1st, the 2nd polarization beam apparatus (142,145) slow axis signal output end.
2. non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
The polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (131) is 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, and optimal splitting ratio is 50:50 and fast and slow axis simultaneously work
Make, wavelength wavelength operating range can cover the emission spectrum of narrow-linewidth laser light source (101), and tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
3. non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, feature
It is：Described 1st, the fast and slow axis of the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum (133,136) works at the same time, reflected light and incident light polarization state
Identical, wavelength wavelength operating range can cover the emission spectrum of narrow-linewidth laser light source (101), and tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
4. non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, feature
It is：The polarizer (111), polarization-maintaining circulator (141), the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre (132,135), the 1st, the 2nd protects polarization beam apparatus
(142,145) and the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the wavelength wavelength operating range of the 4th photodetector (143,144,146,147) can cover
The emission spectrum of lid narrow-linewidth laser light source (101)；The output terminal (l1) of the polarizer (111), the 1st, the 2nd protects polarization beam apparatus
The input terminal (p1, p4) of (142,145), phase-modulator (134), polarization-maintaining circulator (131) and the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre
The tail optical fiber of speculum (133,136) is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
5. non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：
The polarizer (111), polarization-maintaining circulator (141), the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre (132,135), the 1st, the 2nd protect polarization beam apparatus (142,
145) and the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the wavelength wavelength operating range of the 4th photodetector (143,144,146,147) can cover narrow line
The emission spectrum of wide laser light source (101)；The output terminal (l1) of the polarizer (111), the 1st, the 2nd guarantor's polarization beam apparatus (142,
145) input terminal (p1, p4), phase-modulator (134), polarization-maintaining circulator (131) and the 1st, the 2nd polarization maintaining optical fibre speculum
The tail optical fiber of (133,136) is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
6. a kind of measurement based on non-equilibrium polarization maintaining optical fibre dual interferometer temperature strain simultaneous measuring apparatus described in claim 1
Method, it is characterized in that：
1) the measuring device pickup arm in the lab, is made to be in isoperibol, applies tensile stress with displacement platform, records displacement
Data and phase change data calculate the coefficient of strain of slow axis, that is, x-axis interferometer and fast axle, that is, y-axis interferometer
And it is calculated after being used as known constant；
2) the measuring device pickup arm in the lab, is made to be in relaxed state, change environment temperature and records phase change number
According to the coefficient of strain of calculating slow axis, that is, x-axis interferometer and fast axle, that is, y-axis interferometerAnd it is used as known constant
It calculates later；
3) measuring device is put into test environment, and the pickup arm optical fiber fixation of interferometer is attached to determinand body surface
Face, the strain stress and variation of ambient temperature Δ T of object under test are applied to by contact or medium transmission on sensor fibre, most
Eventually so that the phase that interference signal demodulates changes, fast and slow axis interferometer phase data are recorded, obtain Δ φx、Δφy；
4) constant that will be measured in laboratoryWithAnd the Δ φ obtained in test environmentx、Δφy；It brings into
FormulaIn, ring to be measured is obtained by calculation
The strain parameter and temperature change in border.
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