CN110829570B - Dormant intelligent power distribution terminal and standby power supply output control method - Google Patents

Dormant intelligent power distribution terminal and standby power supply output control method Download PDF

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CN110829570B
CN110829570B CN201911128360.9A CN201911128360A CN110829570B CN 110829570 B CN110829570 B CN 110829570B CN 201911128360 A CN201911128360 A CN 201911128360A CN 110829570 B CN110829570 B CN 110829570B
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distribution terminal
power distribution
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power supply
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CN110829570A (en
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王大志
胡国荣
张婷婷
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Tianjin Hezhong Huineng Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J11/00Circuit arrangements for providing service supply to auxiliaries of stations in which electric power is generated, distributed or converted
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/005Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Power Sources (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a dormant intelligent power distribution terminal and a standby power supply output control method. The method comprises the following steps: the intelligent power distribution terminal detects whether the main line loses power to obtain a detection result; when the main line loses power, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a sleep mode; under the sleep mode, the normal power supply of the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a second power output mode from a first power output mode; the intelligent power distribution terminal has less output power in the second power output mode than in the first power output mode. The power-off control circuit is provided with a special sleep mode, and when a main line is powered off, normal high-power output can be controlled to be turned off, and the power-off control circuit enters a low-power output state. Therefore, the output of the standby power supply is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the service life of the standby power supply is prolonged while the supply of necessary component power supplies and the basic work of a power distribution terminal are guaranteed.

Description

Dormant intelligent power distribution terminal and standby power supply output control method
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a standby power output control method for a dormant intelligent power distribution terminal
Background
In distribution automation equipment, a distribution terminal is the most important endpoint automation equipment, is an execution end for all automation operations of a distribution network, and usually comprises an intelligent terminal, a communication unit and a distribution terminal power supply, wherein the parts directly influence the working reliability of the distribution terminal. The work of the power distribution terminal is often divided into normal work when the line has power, fault processing work when the line loses power, and power-on processing work when the line has power again. The traditional intelligent terminal does not always distinguish the specific state of the energy source in use, and whether the specific function is useful or not, the whole-open and full-use state of all the functions is uniformly and directly kept, so that the intelligent terminal is always in a full-power working state, and therefore when the circuit loses power and loses grid power supply, much standby energy is needed to be supplied, the energy consumption is very high, and the requirement on the power source is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling standby power output of a sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, which can reduce energy consumption of the standby power.
The method for controlling the output of the standby power supply of the sleep type intelligent power distribution terminal comprises the following steps:
the intelligent power distribution terminal detects whether the main line loses power to obtain a detection result;
when the main line loses power, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a sleep mode;
in the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal supplies power by using a standby power supply, and the output power of the standby power supply is a second power; and is provided with
When the intelligent power distribution terminal is not in the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal uses a normal power supply to supply power, and the output power of the normal power supply is first power;
the second power is less than the first power.
As an implementation manner of the standby power output control method of the intelligent power distribution terminal in the sleep mode, when the main line loses power, the method further comprises the following steps before the intelligent power distribution terminal enters the sleep mode:
processing power failure items of the intelligent power distribution terminal equipment;
the power failure events comprise on-off switch operation, index monitoring, signal acquisition, receipt collection, data processing and data uploading.
As an implementable manner of the standby power output control method of the sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, in the sleep mode, the intelligent terminal only retains the communication function, and the CPU of the intelligent terminal is minimally operated.
As an implementable manner of the standby power output control method of the sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, when the main line loses power, the intelligent power distribution terminal sends a sleep signal through a sleep power module to control the intelligent power distribution terminal to enter the sleep mode.
As an implementable mode of the standby power output control method of the sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, the method further comprises the following steps:
detecting whether the main line is electrified or not, and obtaining a detection result;
and when the main line is powered on, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a normal operation mode from the sleep mode.
As an implementable mode of the standby power output control method of the sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, the method further comprises the following steps:
detecting whether a wake-up signal is received or not and obtaining a detection result;
and after receiving the wake-up signal, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a normal operation mode from the sleep mode.
As an implementation manner of the standby power output control method of the sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, the wake-up signal includes a wake-up signal input through an operation mode switching button and a wake-up signal activated according to a preset mode wake-up condition.
As an implementable mode of the standby power output control method of the sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, the method further comprises the following steps:
the intelligent power distribution terminal detects whether a signal entering a sleep mode is received or not to obtain a detection result;
and after receiving the signal for entering the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters the sleep mode.
As an implementable manner of the standby power output control method of the sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal, the intelligent power distribution terminal uses an energy storage power supply to supply power in the sleep mode;
the energy storage power supply is a super capacitor, a storage battery and/or a flywheel energy storage device.
The invention also provides a dormant type intelligent power distribution terminal which comprises an AC power supply module, a central control module, a normal power supply module and a dormant power supply module;
the AC power supply module is used for supplying power to the distribution terminal load and charging the super capacitor;
the power supply comprises a central control module, a normal power supply module and a dormant power supply module;
the central control module is used for controlling the operation mode of the power distribution terminal according to any one of the methods which can be implemented;
the normal power supply module is used for supplying power to the devices which still run when the main line of the power distribution terminal is in power failure;
and the dormant power supply module is used for supplying power to related devices for controlling the dormant mode of the power distribution terminal.
The output control method of the standby power supply of the dormant intelligent power distribution terminal has the advantages that the output control method is provided with a special dormant mode, and when a main line is powered off, normal high-power output can be controlled to be turned off, and the standby power supply enters a low-power output state. Therefore, the output of the standby power supply is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the service life of the standby power supply is prolonged while the supply of necessary component power supplies and the basic work of a power distribution terminal are guaranteed. The method comprises the steps that in the design of a physical power supply, a normal high-power supply is closed, the high-power supply is prevented from carrying a low-power load in the dormant period, the power supply is greatly damaged at the moment, and the efficiency is very low; in the sleep stage, a low-power output module is adopted, and a low-power supply is provided with a corresponding low-power consumption load, so that the efficiency is high, and the aim of reducing the self loss as much as possible is fulfilled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for controlling an output of a standby power supply of a sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a sleep-mode intelligent power distribution terminal according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of a method for controlling the output of a standby power of a sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an alternative embodiment of a method for controlling the output of a standby power supply of a sleep-mode intelligent power distribution terminal according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an alternative embodiment of a method for controlling the output of a standby power supply of a sleep-mode intelligent power distribution terminal according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling the output of the standby power of the intelligent power distribution terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In some instances, methods, means, elements and circuits that are well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a standby power output control method for a sleep-type intelligent power distribution terminal. The present embodiment includes the following steps:
s100, the intelligent power distribution terminal detects whether the main line loses power or not to obtain a detection result. Of course, the detection result may include that the main line is powered off, or the main line is not powered off, that is, the power supply of the main line is normally connected. Obviously, if the main line power supply is normally connected, the whole intelligent power distribution terminal can normally operate without additional operation. The following description focuses on the handling of abnormal situations in which the normal operation of the intelligent power distribution terminal is affected due to power loss of a main line and other reasons.
It should be noted here that the main line power supply of the intelligent power distribution terminal includes an ac power supply, and also includes other accessed dc power supplies, and all the accessed power supplies capable of ensuring normal power distribution of the intelligent power distribution terminal are available. In addition, as for the "intelligent" power distribution terminal, the intelligence here means that, with the popularization of computer technology, the power distribution terminal adopts some preferential power distribution in the power distribution process, and performs different power and current distribution in different periods, which are all intelligent power distribution, and the power distribution terminal with the function is called as an intelligent power distribution terminal. Certainly, after the control of the power distribution terminal to be described in this embodiment on the power loss mode of the main line is added, the intelligence of the intelligent power distribution terminal is stronger.
According to the detection result, when the main line is detected to be powered off, the following step S200 is performed.
S200, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a sleep mode. In the method of the embodiment, a dormant mode is specially set, and when the main line is powered off, namely a stable power source is unavailable, and power distribution can not be normally carried out any more, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters the dormant mode and does not carry out power distribution any more.
Specifically, in the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal supplies power by using a standby power supply, and the output power of the standby power supply is a second power; when the intelligent power distribution terminal is not in the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal uses a normal power supply to supply power, and the output power of the normal power supply is first power; the second power is less than the first power. Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an example of an intelligent power distribution terminal, in which a normal DC power source is referred to herein as a normal power source. In the method in this embodiment, after the power distribution terminal enters the sleep mode, the high-power output in the normal state is turned off, and the sleep mode with low-power output is started, so that the usage amount of the standby power supply is reduced. The method for calling the standby power supply of the sleep type intelligent power distribution terminal is provided with a special sleep mode, and when a main line is powered off, normal high-power output can be controlled to be turned off, and the standby power supply enters a low-power output state. Therefore, the output of the standby power supply is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the service life of the standby power supply is prolonged while the supply of necessary component power supplies and the basic work of a power distribution terminal are guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 3, after detecting that the main line is powered off, before entering the sleep mode, the method may further include the following steps:
s201, processing power failure items of the intelligent power distribution terminal equipment. After the main line loses power, the current condition of the power distribution terminal needs to be recorded and the like, so that the stability of the power distribution terminal and the downstream is ensured. Specifically, the power-down event in this step includes switching on and off operation, index monitoring, signal acquisition, receipt collection, data processing, and data upload. In the process, after the main line of the intelligent power distribution terminal loses power, the standby power supply is immediately called for processing, in the processing process, the standby power supply is output at first power, most of components connected with the normal power supply are in a working state, even the calling rate is high, and therefore the normal power supply works at the first power at the moment.
In addition, it should be noted that the power-down event includes, in addition to the on/off switch operation, various index detection, and the like, all events that the intelligent power distribution terminal needs to process under the power-down condition of the main line, so as to ensure that the intelligent power distribution terminal can work normally after the main line is powered on, and parameters related to the power-down of all main lines can be reserved.
Furthermore, in the sleep mode, the intelligent terminal closes all invalid functions, including various functions such as monitoring and operation, only keeps the communication function and the minimized operation of the CPU to provide processing functions related to communication information, meanwhile, the sleep signal is transmitted to the normal power supply, after the normal power supply receives the sleep signal, the high-power output in the normal state is closed, the sleep mode with low-power output is started, and the power output only can maintain the operation of the sleep terminal and the communication module.
In this embodiment, except for a Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called a central control module, only the function of the communication module is retained, and this function is that the intelligent power distribution terminal can communicate with the outside, so that the state of the intelligent power distribution terminal can be obtained through a signal, and the intelligent power distribution terminal can also be controlled through the communication module, thereby ensuring the controllability of the intelligent power distribution terminal.
In order to realize the sleep mode of the intelligent power distribution terminal, a sleep power supply module needs to be added into the intelligent power distribution terminal, so that when a main line loses power, the intelligent power distribution terminal sends a sleep signal through the sleep power supply module and controls the intelligent power distribution terminal to enter the sleep mode.
As shown in fig. 4, for the processing in the power-off state of the main line, the intelligent power distribution terminal performs the processing according to the following steps:
and S300, detecting whether the main line is electrified or not, and obtaining a detection result. Two detection results are available, wherein one detection result is that the main line is electrified, the other detection result is that the main line is not electrified, and when the main line is not electrified, the intelligent power distribution terminal continues to keep a sleep mode; when the main line is powered on, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a normal operation mode from a sleep mode.
It should be noted here that, the detecting whether the main line is powered on may be passive detection, and a stimulus that the power is turned on after the main line is powered on is directly used as a detection signal for powering on.
As shown in fig. 5, the method of an embodiment further includes the following steps:
s400, whether the wake-up signal is received or not is detected, and a detection result is obtained. The detecting step also obtains two detection results, one is that the wake-up signal is detected, and the other is that the wake-up signal is not detected. And if the wake-up signal is not detected, keeping the dormant state of the intelligent power distribution terminal unchanged. But if the wake-up signal is really detected to be received, controlling the intelligent power distribution terminal to enter a normal operation mode from a sleep mode.
It should be noted here that the wake-up signal is a signal requesting to adjust the intelligent power distribution terminal from the sleep mode to the normal operation mode. This signal may contain a variety of external input states, but eventually the summary to the CPU appears as a wake-up signal.
Specifically, the wake-up signal may include a wake-up signal input through the operation mode switching button, or may include a wake-up signal activated according to a preset mode call health condition. As a factual mode, a normal/sleep button can be arranged on the intelligent terminal, the intelligent terminal can be manually switched after automatically entering the sleep mode, and the intelligent terminal can be forcibly and manually waken up/sleeping on site for maintenance personnel to read terminal data on site or debug on site. And a normal/sleep indicator lamp can be arranged on the terminal and displayed according to the actual state. In addition, as can be seen from the foregoing description, during the sleep period, the communication is normally performed, and the intelligent terminal may wake up the entire terminal including the power supply according to the wake-up instruction received by the communication, and may also go to sleep according to the instruction.
As an implementable manner, the intelligent terminal can wake up/sleep the terminal and the power supply at any time according to the conditions set locally in advance.
In addition, as shown in fig. 6, in addition to controlling the intelligent power distribution terminal to enter the sleep mode when detecting that the main line is powered down, the power distribution terminal may also actively enter the sleep mode according to a control signal. Specifically, the method is realized according to the following steps:
s100', the intelligent power distribution terminal detects whether a signal entering a sleep mode is received or not, and a detection result is obtained.
It should be noted that, the intelligent power distribution terminal may execute the step S100' in a normal operation state to detect whether to enter a sleep mode. The detection result also comprises two types, wherein one type is that a signal entering the sleep mode is detected, the other type is that a signal entering the sleep mode is not detected, and if the signal is not detected, the intelligent power distribution terminal continues to normally operate. And if the intelligent power distribution terminal detects that the signal for entering the sleep mode is received, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters the sleep mode. And operates according to various parameters of the sleep mode, and the specific operation process is performed with reference to the foregoing embodiment.
The setting of the step can actively control the intelligent power distribution terminal to enter the dormant mode by setting the mode conversion button at the intelligent power distribution terminal, and has important significance on the processes of equipment maintenance, testing and the like.
In the method implemented in the foregoing, the intelligent power distribution terminal is powered by an energy storage power source in the sleep mode, and the energy storage power source is a super capacitor, a storage battery and/or a flywheel energy storage.
The application simultaneously provides a dormancy type intelligent power distribution terminal, and it includes AC power module, central control module, normality power module and dormancy power module. And the AC power supply module is used for supplying power to the distribution terminal load and charging the super capacitor. The normal power supply module, the switched capacitor circuit module and the dormant power supply module are all electrically connected with the central control module. Specifically, the central control module is configured to execute the method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments to control the operation mode of the power distribution terminal; the normal power supply module is used for supplying power to the devices which still run when the main line is power-off by the power distribution terminal; and the dormant power supply module is used for supplying power to related devices for controlling the dormant mode of the power distribution terminal. Specifically, fig. 2 is a specific circuit structure diagram of the intelligent power distribution terminal. And the super capacitor bank is adopted as an energy storage source at the energy storage end, and the super capacitor bank formed by the super capacitor monomer and the balancing circuit adopts the balancing circuit with ultra-low power consumption, so that the self-loss is reduced.
The practical effects of the intelligent power distribution terminal and the standby power output control method are described in two specific examples below.
A typical example is as follows:
1. application of FTU (fiber to the Unit) terminal system of power distribution network
The normal power of the intelligent terminal core unit is 24V 15W;
the high-voltage switch adopts a 24V spring energy storage operating mechanism, the switching-on needs to meet the energy supply requirement of 10s 10A, the transient impact requirement needs to be met, and the switching-off needs to meet the energy supply requirement of 100ms 20A;
the communication adopts a wireless communication mode, the transmitting power is less than 5W, and the normal power consumption is 0.5W;
the power supply adopts a switching power supply, the normal output power can meet the normal state of 20W, and the short-time power requirement of switching on and switching off of the switch is met;
the power supply meeting the basic requirements usually needs to output power capability of 200-300W. If under the condition of low load with small load outside the power supply, the power supply is nearly unloaded, and the self loss exceeds 5W.
After the dormancy design is adopted, the power consumption of the FTU during dormancy is less than 4W;
the power consumption of wireless communication is unchanged;
the switch is not driven at this time;
the output capacity of the special dormant power supply is designed to be 5W, and the requirement of wireless communication instantaneous transmission (in millisecond level in wireless transmission) is met. The loss of the sleep power supply is lower than 0.5W.
The super capacitor bank energy storage source is configured to be 27V 120F.
Sleep and non-sleep standby time comparison table:
Figure GDA0003580954860000071
Figure GDA0003580954860000081
2. application of DTU (delay tolerant unit) terminal system of power distribution network
The normal power of a terminal core intelligent unit is 48V 25W;
the high-voltage switch adopts a 48V spring energy storage operating mechanism, the switching-on needs to meet the energy supply of 10s 5A, and the switching-off needs to meet the energy supply of 100ms 10A;
the communication adopts a wireless communication mode, the transmitting power is less than 5W, and the normal power consumption is 0.5W;
the power supply adopts a switching power supply, the normal output power can meet the normal state of 30W, the short-time 300W power requirement of switching on and switching off of the switch is met, and the self loss of the circuit is about 8W in no-load.
After the dormancy design is adopted, the DTU dormancy power consumption is less than 4W;
the power consumption of wireless communication is unchanged;
the switch is not driven at this time;
the normal state output capacity of the dormant power supply is 5W, the requirement of wireless communication instantaneous transmission (in millisecond level during wireless transmission) is met, and the loss of the dormant power supply is lower than 0.5W.
The super capacitor bank energy storage source configuration 54V 120F.
Sleep and non-sleep standby time comparison table:
Figure GDA0003580954860000082
having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims (4)

1. A standby power output control method for a dormant intelligent power distribution terminal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the intelligent power distribution terminal detects whether the main line loses power to obtain a detection result;
when the main line loses power, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a sleep mode;
in the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal supplies power by using a standby power supply, and the output power of the standby power supply is a second power; and is
When the intelligent power distribution terminal is not in the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal uses a normal power supply to supply power, and the output power of the normal power supply is first power;
the second power is less than the first power;
in the sleep mode, the intelligent power distribution terminal only keeps a communication function, and a CPU of the intelligent power distribution terminal is minimally operated;
the standby power supply is a low-power-consumption power supply which only meets the required power of wireless communication instantaneous emission and does not meet other requirements of the intelligent power distribution terminal on power consumption higher than the required power of the wireless communication instantaneous emission;
further comprising the steps of:
the intelligent power distribution terminal detects whether a signal entering a sleep mode is received or not to obtain a detection result;
after the signal for entering the sleep mode is received, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters the sleep mode;
detecting whether a wake-up signal is received or not and obtaining a detection result;
after the wake-up signal is received, the intelligent power distribution terminal enters a normal operation mode from the sleep mode;
the wake-up signal comprises a wake-up signal input through the operation mode switching button; and is
When the main line loses power, the intelligent power distribution terminal further comprises the following steps before entering the sleep mode:
processing power failure items of the intelligent power distribution terminal equipment;
the power failure events comprise on-off switch operation, index monitoring, signal acquisition, data collection, data processing and data uploading;
whether the main line is electrified or not is passively detected, and the stimulation of power connection after the main line is electrified is directly used as an electrified detection signal;
the dormant intelligent power distribution terminal comprises an AC power supply module, a central control module, a normal power supply module and a dormant power supply module which can be used as a standby power supply;
the AC power supply module is used for supplying power to the intelligent power distribution terminal load and charging the super capacitor;
the normal power supply module is used for supplying power to the devices which still run when the main line of the intelligent power distribution terminal loses power;
the sleep power supply module is used for supplying power to related devices for controlling the sleep mode of the intelligent power distribution terminal;
in the sleep mode, the sleep signal is transmitted to the normal power supply, and after the normal power supply receives the sleep signal, the intelligent power distribution terminal closes the high-power output in the normal state and starts the sleep mode with low-power output.
2. The output control method of the standby power supply of the intelligent power distribution terminal in the sleep mode is characterized in that in the sleep mode, the CPU of the intelligent power distribution terminal is operated in a minimized mode.
3. The output control method of the standby power supply of the intelligent power distribution terminal in the dormant state according to claim 1,
when the main line loses power, the intelligent power distribution terminal sends a sleep signal through the sleep power module to control the intelligent power distribution terminal to enter the sleep mode.
4. The output control method of the standby power supply of the intelligent power distribution terminal in the sleep mode is characterized in that the intelligent power distribution terminal is powered by an energy storage power supply in the sleep mode;
the energy storage power supply is a super capacitor, a storage battery and/or a flywheel energy storage device.
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