CN110808461B - Low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure - Google Patents
Low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110808461B CN110808461B CN201911158004.1A CN201911158004A CN110808461B CN 110808461 B CN110808461 B CN 110808461B CN 201911158004 A CN201911158004 A CN 201911158004A CN 110808461 B CN110808461 B CN 110808461B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure, which works in a leaky wave mode based on the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure and mainly comprises a feed source antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor and a coding part reflecting surface, wherein the transmission phase of the coding part reflecting surface is correspondingly arranged by utilizing a phase recovery algorithm, so that holographic imaging can be carried out at a near-field corresponding position. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the advantages of low profile, easy design, easy processing and the like, can be used for realizing two-dimensional beam deflection of the low profile and a multi-beam emergent antenna, can combine hardware such as FPGA and the like in the future, and realizes the beam scanning of the low profile and the application of a novel millimeter wave wireless communication system and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure, and belongs to the field of antennas and novel artificial electromagnetic materials.
Background
A novel artificial electromagnetic material, or an electromagnetic metamaterial, is a new technology for further realizing electromagnetic wave regulation and control by changing electromagnetic characteristics through a periodically-arranged subunit type structure. The traditional cognition of people on electromagnetic waves is changed, and nowadays, the super surface is taken as an electromagnetic metamaterial two-dimensional structure and is widely applied due to the advantages of easiness in processing, low profile and the like. With the proposal of the generalized Snell's law, the realization of arbitrary control of the beam by using the discontinuity of the phase becomes more practical, and in this case, a new method and thought are brought to the design of the microwave device.
The Fabry-Perot resonant cavity is used as a ray generator, an interferometer and the like in the optical field at first, is introduced into the microwave field at the end of the last century to realize antenna design, and realizes high-gain beam emergence on the premise of ensuring the advantages of low profile of a low-profile antenna, small wind resistance, easiness in realizing the conformal effect with a carrier and the like. In recent years, with the development of technology, a super surface is introduced into the design of a fabry-perot antenna, and a great deal of research results based on the theory are continuously generated, such as the work of ultra-wideband, ultra-low profile, one-dimensional beam scanning and the like, so that a good effect is achieved. However, so far, the design of the fabry-perot cavity-based antenna is mainly limited in a one-dimensional application scenario, and a simple theory and method are lacked for a two-dimensional functional design, which is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
The holographic imaging technology of the microwave frequency band provides a solution for the energy distribution of the near field, and the energy of the electric field on any surface of the near field can be designed and constructed by arranging the phases of the super surface, so that the holographic imaging technology has infinite potential in the fields of near field multi-channel communication, wireless energy transmission, near field intelligent identification and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure, and a simple design thought and method are provided by using an optical ray model theory.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure comprises a feed source antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor and a coding partial reflecting surface.
The feed source antenna is a patch antenna placed on a metal ground dielectric plate with a slot, the antenna carries out side feed through a coaxial line, energy is input to a transmission line below a floor, and the energy is coupled to the antenna through the slot on the floor to carry out radiation.
The artificial magnetic conductor of the invention is realized with a reflective meta-surface unit, which design satisfies a reflection phase of 0 ° with a reflection coefficient of approximately 1.
The coding partial reflection surface of the invention is realized by a three-layer PCB circuit board, wherein the structure of the lowest layer is used for regulating and controlling the reflection phase, and the structure of the middle layer and the structure of the upper layer are completely consistent for regulating and controlling the transmission phase. The reflection amplitude is simultaneously kept above 0.9, and the transmission phase is encoded.
Preferably: the three-layer structure of the coding partial reflection surface unit is composed of a square ring and a square patch; the size of the structure is adjusted through the middle layer and the upper layer to obtain each basic unit structure, the four digital state responses correspond to four reflection phases, 4 different-phase digital state codes are further obtained according to the four digital state responses, and the 4 different-phase digital state codes correspond to 4 basic unit structures.
Preferably: four digital state responses "00", "01", "10" and "11" are generated, which correspond to four reflection phases of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, respectively. While the reflection phase of the encoded partially reflecting surface is always kept at 180.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. the invention adds the influence of the reflecting surface of the coding part on the basis of analyzing the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna by the traditional ray optical model, simplifies the original design while adding new freedom degree, and makes the realization of two-dimensional function easier.
2. The Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna used by the invention essentially works in a leaky-wave mode, the two-dimensional beam design of the leaky-wave mode antenna is firstly realized, and the near-field holographic imaging effect is verified by using the two-dimensional beam design and a better result is obtained.
3. The invention has the advantages of low profile, small wind resistance, easy realization of conformal with a carrier and the like, and is increasingly applied to the modern wireless communication technology.
4. The phase recovery algorithm with the weight has the advantages of high iteration speed, high imaging efficiency, flexible design and the like, and particularly shows that corresponding phase distribution can be acquired relatively quickly for different imaging patterns, so that a large amount of burden can not be caused to a computer.
5. The invention can present different functions such as beam deflection, orbital angular momentum, multi-beam design and the like by endowing different coding matrixes, and is not only limited to the design of the hologram.
6. The invention has simple structure line design, all structures are composed of square rings and patches, and the microwave frequency band can be manufactured by adopting the conventional printed circuit board process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a ray optical model diagram of the fabry-perot resonator antenna of the present invention, in which the electromagnetic wave distribution on the left and the electromagnetic wave transmission on the right are symmetrical structures.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention, which includes three parts, namely a partially reflective surface, an artificial magnetic conductor and a feed antenna.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cell structure and frequency response of an encoded partially reflective surface of the present invention; FIG. 3(a) is a metal structure view of a three-layer printed circuit board of the encoding partially reflective surface unit of the present invention; FIG. 3(b) is a view showing the structure of the lowermost metal layer of the encoding partial reflecting surface unit of the present invention; FIG. 3(c) is a graph of reflection phase and reflection amplitude for an encoded partially reflective surface element of the present invention; FIG. 3(d) metal structure view of the uppermost and intermediate layers of the inventive coded partial reflective surface unit; fig. 3(e) is a transmission phase of the encoding partially reflective surface unit of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a weighted phase recovery algorithm used in the hologram design of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows three typical hologram imaging effect diagrams designed by the present invention. FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) show the phase distribution patterns corresponding to the holograms for constructing three asymmetric focal point images and the simulated normalized electric field intensity distribution diagram thereof; FIGS. 5(c) and 5(d) are graphs showing the phase distribution patterns corresponding to holograms constructed by imaging five symmetric focuses and simulated normalized electric field intensity distribution thereof; FIGS. 5(e) and 5(f) show the phase distribution pattern and its simulated normalized electric field intensity distribution map corresponding to the hologram constituting the letter "T" imaging;
figure 6 is a top view of a low profile fabry-perot image of the present invention producing a letter "T" image.
List of reference numerals:
1-a first printed circuit board, 2-a second printed circuit board, 3-sma coaxial feed port, 4-feed antenna, 5-artificial magnetic conductor.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, it is to be understood that these examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention, since various equivalent modifications will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present invention and fall within the limits of the appended claims.
The invention provides a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type low-profile antenna applied to a microwave band, which can realize holographic imaging and mainly comprises two three-layer printed circuit boards which can be divided into three parts, namely a feed source antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor and a coding part reflecting unit, wherein the two printed circuit boards are required to keep an air distance of about 1/4 wavelengths.
The printed circuit board at the bottom mainly comprises two parts of a feed antenna and an artificial magnetic conductor: the feed source antenna is a patch antenna placed on a metal ground dielectric plate with a slot, the antenna is laterally fed through a coaxial line, energy is input to a transmission line below the floor, and the energy is coupled to the antenna through the slot on the floor for radiation. The artificial magnetic conductor is realized by using a reflection-type super-surface unit, and the design satisfies that the reflection phase is 0 DEG under the condition that the reflection coefficient is approximately 1
The printed circuit board on the top is a coding partial reflection surface, the structure of the lowest layer is used for regulating and controlling the reflection phase, and the structure of the middle layer and the structure of the upper layer are completely consistent and used for regulating and controlling the transmission phase. The reflection amplitude is kept above 0.9, the phase of the reflection is kept around 180 °, and the transmission phase is encoded. The size of the structure is adjusted through the middle layer and the upper layer, each basic unit structure is obtained, the four digital state responses correspond to four reflection phases, the generated four digital state responses are respectively '00', '01', '10' and '11', and the four digital state responses respectively correspond to four reflection phases of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees.
The weighted holographic imaging algorithm has the advantages of high iteration speed, high imaging efficiency, flexible design and the like, and can quickly acquire corresponding phase distribution for different imaging patterns without causing a large amount of burden on a computer. By presetting the position of the focal point, the phase distribution of the surface can be calculated by the algorithm.
The low-profile Fabry-Perot resonant holographic imaging antenna provided by the invention is specifically instantiated in the microwave Ka waveband.
The conventional ray optics model shown in fig. 1 is reanalyzed, and the transmission phase of the partially reflecting surface is introduced into the model, which brings new degrees of freedom to the original design. If the Fabry-Perot antenna needs to finish the emergence of high-gain wave beams, the conditions required to be met are as follows:
wherein h is the height between the upper and lower printed circuit boards, phir(n-1)Is the reflection phase of the previous partial reflection unitaThe reflection phase of the artificial magnetic conductor unit. When the relationship is satisfied, the Fabry-Perot can realize plane wave emergence. However, it can be seen that the model does not take into account the influence of the transmission phase of the partial reflection surface, and therefore, the whole model lacks a degree of freedom, so that the current regulation and control research on the two-dimensional electromagnetic wave becomes more difficult. On the basis, the model is corrected in consideration of the influence of the transmission phase, and a formula can be obtained:
the final transmission phase for each partially reflective surface element introduces the effect of the transmission phase for each element in addition to the three terms comprising the conventional ray optics model. However, there is a complicated problem of how to find the previous cell corresponding to each partially reflective cell in the two-dimensional situation, and the introduction of the transmission phase makes the formula more complicated, which brings great inconvenience to our design. Therefore, the first three terms can be completely cancelled out when the condition of plane wave emergence is satisfied, that is, the condition of high-gain beam of the conventional fabry-perot resonator antenna is satisfied, that is, the final transmission phase of each unit only has a relationship with the transmission phase of the partial reflection surface.
Therefore, the above theory gives us a method of two-dimensional functional design of leaky-wave mode antennas, but puts three requirements on the coded partial reflecting surface unit: firstly, all the reflection phases are required to be 180 degrees, secondly, the reflection amplitudes of all the units are required to be more than 0.9, and thirdly, the transmission phases are required to be adjustable. Fig. 3 shows a design of the coding partial reflection surface unit, which includes a three-layer printed circuit board, each layer is composed of a square resonance ring and a square patch, the structure of the lowest layer is used to control the reflection phase, the structures of the middle layer and the uppermost layer are used to regulate the transmission phase for coding design, so as to generate four digital responses, namely "00", "01", "10" and "11", respectively, and the four digital responses respectively correspond to four reflection phases of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees. .
Holographic algorithms, which have been used most so far, are phase recovery algorithms, in which the imaging plane is generally chosen in the far field, so that there is a fourier transform relationship between the imaging plane and the metasurface. In the microwave field, the distance of a far-field imaging surface is too far, which is not beneficial to testing, so that the near-field phase recovery algorithm with a weighting factor is adopted in the method. The weight factor is introduced to obtain higher imaging efficiency, and the algorithm is modified by replacing Fourier transform with Green function of near-field free space. Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of the algorithm, which includes first pre-designing phase distribution and weight factors of a coded super-surface, then continuously iterating between energy distribution and super-surface phase distribution on a target imaging plane by using a near-field green's function, and ending a loop jump to obtain a final result when a result satisfies a designed error range or the iteration number reaches a maximum.
Fig. 5 shows three typical hologram imaging corresponding code phase distribution diagrams and imaging effect diagrams of a simulated imaging surface. These three typical imaging effects are: three asymmetric focal points, five symmetric focal points, and imaging of the letter "T". The simulation result shows good imaging effect, and the functionality of the invention is verified. Besides, the invention can also image other similar targets, and has better effect.
The invention provides a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type low-profile antenna capable of realizing holographic imaging in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a simple design idea and method based on the optical ray model theory.
The invention has the advantages of low profile, easy design, easy processing and the like, and can be used for realizing two-dimensional beam deflection and multi-beam emergent antenna with low profile. In the future, hardware such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) can be combined to realize low-profile beam scanning, a novel millimeter wave wireless communication system and the like.
It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention in the microwave X band, and since the present invention has the advantages of simple design of unit structure and convenient fabrication of single-layer metal pattern, the same structure can be applied to terahertz, infrared and visible light bands by size scaling. It should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure is characterized in that: the antenna comprises two printed circuit boards and specifically comprises a feed source antenna (4), an artificial magnetic conductor (5) and a coding part reflecting surface; the two printed circuit boards are both three-layer printed circuit boards and comprise two layers of dielectric substrates and three layers of metal, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrates is 2.65, the loss tangent is 0.009, the two printed circuit boards specifically comprise a first printed circuit board (1) and a second printed circuit board (2), the thicknesses of the two layers of dielectric of the first printed circuit board (1) are both 0.5mm, and the thicknesses of the upper layer of dielectric and the lower layer of dielectric of the second printed circuit board (2) are respectively 1mm and 0.5 mm; the metal is copper, and the thickness of the layer where the metal is located is 0.018 mm; the encoding partial reflecting surface consists of N × N encoding super-surface units, the lowermost metal structures of all the units are consistent, the intermediate metal structures and the uppermost metal structures are simultaneously changed, and the overall arrangement mode of the encoding partial reflecting surface is determined by the shape of the holographically displayed image; the artificial magnetic conductor (5) is arranged on the upper layer of the second printed circuit board (2) and comprises M × M artificial magnetic conductor units, and each artificial magnetic conductor unit comprises three parts, namely a metal ground part, a dielectric plate and a patch; the feed source antenna (4) is laterally fed through an SMA coaxial feed port (3) and is coupled to the patch antenna through a slot line on the floor after passing through a section of transmission line.
2. The low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner core of the SMA is welded to the transmission line, the outer diameter of the SMA is welded to the ground, and the dielectric substrate is provided with a step groove (6) for fixing the SMA.
3. The low-profile holographic imaging antenna based on the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity type structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the arrangement mode of the coded super surfaces is that the arrangement mode of N × N coded super surfaces corresponding to the images on the preset near-field surface is obtained by using a phase recovery algorithm with weight.
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| CN111293422B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江大学 | Antenna for generating OAM mode group based on curved waveguide part slotting |
| CN111900550B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-05-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Impedance and phase dual-modulation fused dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna |
| CN112886272B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-03-04 | 西安电子科技大学 | Dual-frequency dual-polarization Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna |
| CN113013607B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-02-01 | 西南交通大学 | Low profile low RCS Fabry-Perot resonator antenna |
| CN113328258B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-10-11 | 深圳市深邮星科技有限公司 | Composite super-surface antenna |
| CN114639960B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-06-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Reconfigurable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna |
| CN114927867B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-07-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low-side-lobe OAM antenna of integrated low section |
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| CN101188329B (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2011-06-22 | 同济大学 | A dual-frequency ultra-thin highly directional resonance cavity antenna |
| CN103730736B (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2017-02-08 | 东南大学 | Circularly polarized high-gain and low-profile resonant antenna |
| CN104466360A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 骆柳春 | Coated antenna device |
| CN105071051A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Improved Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna |
| CN205723943U (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-11-23 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | A kind of broadband Fabry Paro resonant antenna |
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| CN206441876U (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-08-25 | 东南大学 | A kind of 1 bit two-band electromagnetism applied to terahertz wave band encodes Meta Materials |
| CN106848598A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 东南大学 | A kind of low scattering high-gain fabry perot cavity antenna based on the super surface of coding |
| CN108565549A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-09-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of medium incorporating high gain low section Fabry-Perot resonant antennas |
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| CN109462022A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of super skin antenna in the broadband of coplanar wave guide feedback |
| CN109560374B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2021-01-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-gain low-radar-section Fabry-Perot antenna |
| CN109802232A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Fabry-Perot resonant cavity wide band high-gain microstrip antenna based on single-layer double-side coat structure |
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