CN1104796C - Wireless direct sequence -spread spectrum digital crllular telephone system - Google Patents

Wireless direct sequence -spread spectrum digital crllular telephone system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1104796C
CN1104796C CN 94105684 CN94105684A CN1104796C CN 1104796 C CN1104796 C CN 1104796C CN 94105684 CN94105684 CN 94105684 CN 94105684 A CN94105684 A CN 94105684A CN 1104796 C CN1104796 C CN 1104796C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
mobile phone
signal
base station
mentioned
user
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN 94105684
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN1114092A (en
Inventor
贺门-巴斯曼德
法兰西斯·那塔利
大卫汤姆士·马吉尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia of America Corp
Original Assignee
Stanford Telecommunications Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stanford Telecommunications Inc filed Critical Stanford Telecommunications Inc
Priority to CN 94105684 priority Critical patent/CN1104796C/en
Publication of CN1114092A publication Critical patent/CN1114092A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1104796C publication Critical patent/CN1104796C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a digital cellular telephone system. A transmitter / receiver unit arranged in a cell phone comprises an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion mechanism, a virtual noise digital signals source, a mechanism for modulating the digitize voice signal and the virtual noise digital signal, a single-virtual noise digital signal, mechanisms in each cell phone and the base station, a mechanism in each transmitter/receiver, a mechanism for demodulating the transmitting signal and generating a fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal, and an antenna mechanism in each cell phone and a base station unit, wherein the single-virtual noise digital signal is used for each user cell phone unit. A base station /PBX signal level range is greatly reduced, and high efficiency is reached in an orthogonal CDMA system.

Description

The digital cellular telephone system of wireless direct sequential spread-spectrum
The present invention relates to digital cellular telephone system.
Can finish extraordinary valid function by what use orthogonal CDMA.That is, in the frequency band of each megahertz, in a known geographic area, than CDMA commonly used can support, will have more user and can be used this frequency band.Though, the learning concept of the CDMA of this quadrature is not novel, and still, the present invention is based on a new execution technique, it makes that its orthogonal CDMA in mobile phone environment among a small circle can be carried out, and multichannel decay great in this environment is present in wherein.Particularly, the invention provides new technology base, frequency and power control required when satisfying, finish quadrature.Link upward use one high-power chirped pulse in the external world, allow: 1) diversity of antenna has selected to have dwindled the possibility of decay; 2) avoided the needs of the frequency standard of expensive precision in the zonal frequency lock of user side, and 3) based on the basic moment circle internal power control of this external world's received signal level.This is that effectiveness is arranged very much, because use time division duplex, the while launches with same frequency and receives.Because the application of short frame structure and sounding burst, the correlation in the external world and boundary between path loss is quite high.Therefore, rely on signal structure of the present invention and control to drill the scope that translation has reduced base station/PBX signal level widely, in the orthogonal CDMA system, reach very high efficient.Result during actual the use, for example filtering, the timely basic mistake of multipath temporal extension has been destroyed orthogonality and introduced certain stagger angle between predetermined quadrature channel is connected.Thereby, the invention provides correctly the power controlling level among this highly dynamic environment.The present invention has finished this purpose that needs, to be used to do effective operation.
[preceding skill explanation]
Spread spectrum communications is characterised in that modulation design, is expanded sound or the occupied frequency band of data information signal greatly.This two kinds of designs of normal use be that direct sequence expansion and frequency detour.In direct sequence frequency expansion used in the present invention, digitized data information signal is typical modulation one pseudorandom (also being called pseudo noise or PN) digital signal.If the bit rate of this PN signal is 32 times as this data information signal, then the frequency range of these all modulation signals also can become 32 times of this orthogonal data information.
Key in order to the spectrum signal that receives expansion is a receiver, can produce to be same as in order to expansion one of frequency range PN signal that transmits.This is possible, because this reflector and receiver all use identical random digit sequence (PN) generator circuit.The employed PN signal of receiver is in order to this signal that receives of demodulation synchronously.In order successfully to finish this purpose, this PN signal the time become must be with the receive signal of (modulation) in the time become synchronous.If its not the time synchronous, then the signal of gained will be represented with small letter.Traditionally, should be the time phase of the PN signal generator on the receiver be change lentamente in the time, till the signal that is found is output as maximum, and phase-lock loop is locked in this phase place with the PN generator of this reflector.
So far, nearly all spread spectrum communications is to be used for military communication, makes the device of a maintenance information secret, to compensate the congested of pattern signal commonly used and/or to prevent that the enemy from knowing the appearance of reflector.By using its time varying signal of PN circuit is a few talent's circulation one-period, then the enemy will be difficult to determine this PN signal the time become, thereby, will can in this communication, not absorb data message.If an enough big extending bandwidth is engaged the signal power that is fit to, and then will be difficult to see the appearance of this signal, even use narrow frequency receiver commonly used, this receiver is can be used among most radio communications.Moreover in order successfully to compress a spread spectrum communications, the power output of this compressor reducer must give the quantity of the signal extension in the compressed signal corresponding to this.
Second key property of spread spectrum communications used in the present invention is CDMA connecting mode.This has related to side by side carries out a plurality of communications, in same frequency range and geographic area, becomes the PN sign indicating number by using when different, in order to define each other communication " channel ".
Be usually used in wireless telecommunications or the wireless telecommunications in the city of intensive construction in the building,, make these wireless telecommunications become unreliable because the multipath that signal " decay " reaches via different wave length occurs.And wireless wave is to transmit in reflector and receiver intercropping via these paths, for example, by wall, ceiling and floor reflection.The effect of these multipaths is especially frequency to be felt sensitive.By carrying out the frequency spectrum communication, come the spread signal frequency range, then the multipath loss can be reduced.
It is a known technology that diversity receives, and wherein, uses several reception antennas in order to be connected to one or several receivers and several manual or automatic antenna switching.The purpose of these designs is in order to overcoming the loss of the transmission path between reflector and receiver, and it is by selected signal from this antenna (or combination), this signal in any one known signal that moment received for the strongest.
Radio telephone system of the present invention provides the combination between a kind of base station unit and a plurality of hand telephone set (hereinafter to be referred as mobile phone), in the embodiments of the invention, provides 62 communication channels simultaneously.
Suppose to have two operating environments: indoor (in the building) and outdoor.Opereating specification in each environment is allowed by FCC (FCC), is restricted to 500 meters on the transmitter power.Usually this in-house operation scope is approximately about 200 meters or lacks, and is decided by the environment that this system is operated.The attenuating of this operating environment is the result of multipath attenuation, and this can be because of being wall between between environment, the partition wall between the house, perhaps other structures between mobile phone and base station.
A purpose of the present invention is finished a radio telephone system, and it can be made with reliably and having an economic benefit.This is to utilize the selection of mechanics of communication and wave mode structure and finished, and uses advanced specifically functional integrated circuit (ASIC).
Another purpose is the cost of simplifying manufacture process and reducing intensive use Digital Signal Processing in the whole system.The use of this digital circuit has reduced circuit adjustment, arrangement or tuning needs, and these actions are normal required by the radiotelephone installation of conventional art.In preferred embodiment, the circuit of sub-fraction is carried out with analogue technique.
Another purpose is to reduce the influence of the multipath emission that operating environment applied in instant induction.This is carried out by the combination of using four particular technologys.
1) by using the pseudo noise modulation signal of quadrature each other, reduces interfering with each other between a plurality of user's signals, i.e. its individually demodulation.
2) the Direct swquence spread spectrum modulation is to protect the undesired compression owing to the environment narrow-band signal in order to provide, and these signals are the oscillator of PC.The present invention also provides the interference when avoiding the shared zone of user shared, and provides the height confidentiality for use.
3) reception of antenna polarization diversity is the instant device on cooperating, to select to have the antenna of optimum signal-noise ratio (SNR).
4) automated power control is carried out to make all signals can remain in suitable level, use control owing to a communication signal electrical power exceeds the phase mutual interference that causes in other, wherein user's mobile phone is can be positioned from the base station distance that alters a great deal.
Another object of the present invention in the 26 megahertz sesame frequency bands that the U.S. provided, provides the multiplex (MUX) of 62 user's channels in service (902 to 928 megahertz).In preferred embodiment, the channel that these 62 user everywheres take is approximately 2.16 megahertzes.This allows 12 base stations to operate in this communication context, can't be interfering with each other.A kind of device is provided in the described native system, has made a mobile phone user move to the zone of serving by another base station, had by a zone and be handover to another regional function automatically from the zone that a base station is served.
Another object of the present invention is for providing a kind of device, in order to communication in the user get in touch, and be used to connect the user as for the base station on the remote telephone system.In the embodiment that describes, it is finished to telephone switching device by connecting each base station, and via to shared carrier network, provides the indivedual accesses of each cellie to regional Dial-up Network.
Radio telephone system of the present invention, comprise the base station and a plurality of user's mobile phone that is equipped with single transmitter/receiver unit that are equipped with a plurality of transmitter/receiver units, described base station is introduced an emitter/receiver to user's mobile phone of each work, each emitter/receiver unit comprises: 1. simulation to numeral and numeral to Simulation Conversion Assembly: become digital form with converting analogue voice signal respectively, to form digitized voice signal, and changing this digital signal becomes analog voice signal; 2. pseudo noise derived digital signal: its signal pattern is repeated with a specific period; 3. in order to modulate the device of above-mentioned digitized voice signal and above-mentioned pseudo noise digital signal: in order to produce the fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal, it comprises the device of the identical pseudo noise signal of use with the above-mentioned fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal of demodulation, use by the spread spectrum signal that receives, produce audio digital signals; 4. the device in each user's mobile phone unit: it uses independent pseudo noise digital signal, and the pseudo noise signal of the transmitter receipt device in this signal and this base station unit is identical; 5. the device in each mobile phone and this base station: produce the single wireless frequency carrier, its rated frequency is evenly being selected in the increment, and this even increment is roughly to separate for the frequency range institute at the expansion spectrum signal at available bandwidth two ends; 6. the device in each emitter/receiver: in order to above-mentioned expansion spectrum signal, modulate above-mentioned carrier frequency, transmit with generation; 7. demodulation this transmit and produce the device of fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal; 8. the antenna assembly in each mobile phone and base station unit: in order to emission or receive above-mentioned transmitting.
Cellular radio and telephone of the present invention, wherein above-mentioned a plurality of base stations are done the arrangement of geographic area, to cover partly overlapping zone, cellular service, and wherein there is honeycomb to start mobile phone, and wherein each opens the beginning mobile phone and has collator, with survey and estimation from the index line signal of all contiguous base stations, and start communication via this base station, its received signal in the above-mentioned position of beginning mobile phone of opening for the strongest.
Another radio telephone system of the present invention, comprise the base station and a plurality of user's mobile phone that is equipped with single transmitter/receiver unit that are equipped with a plurality of emission receiving elements, also comprise: 1. each emitter/receiver unit: comprise simulation to numeral and numeral to Simulation Conversion Assembly, become digital form with converting analogue voice signal respectively, to form digitized voice signal, and conversion digital signal becomes analog voice signal; 2. pseudo noise derived digital signal: its signal pattern is to repeat with specific period; 3. modulate the device of above-mentioned digitized voice signal with this pseudo noise digital signal: in order to produce the fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal, the device that comprises the above-mentioned fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal of demodulation, it is to use identical pseudo noise signal, with by received spread spectrum signal, produce audio digital signals; 4. each user's mobile phone unit adopts independent pseudo noise digital signal, and it is identical with the pseudo noise digital signal of transmitter receipt device in this base station unit; 5. the device in each mobile phone and this base station: to produce the signal wireless frequency carrier, its rated frequency is evenly being selected in the increment, and this even increment is that the frequency range of the expansion spectrum signal at available bandwidth two ends roughly separates; 6. the device in each emitter/receiver: in order to above-mentioned spread spectrum signal, modulate above-mentioned carrier frequency, transmit with generation, and demodulation this transmit and produce the device of a fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal; 7. first antenna assembly in this base station unit, in order to emission or receive above-mentioned transmitting, second antenna assembly among each mobile phone, each above-mentioned second antenna assembly comprises whip antenna and coil antenna, and the device of selecting one of above-mentioned ring-type and whip antenna according to the power of institute's detectable signal; Above-mentioned base station is introduced a reflector transceiver to each user's mobile phone.
Another cellular radio and telephone of the present invention, wherein a plurality of base stations are done the arrangement of geographic area, to cover partly overlapping zone, cellular service, and the startup mobile phone is arranged wherein, each is called out the startup mobile phone and has collator, in order to surveying and to estimate from all index line signals near base stations, and have the device that starts communication via this base station, the signal that it received is the strongest in the position of this startup mobile phone.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example of single base station implementing example of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for illustrating a single mobile phone and removable support thereof, and graphic display unit is in order to guarantee that the battery to its charging is in the fixed charging of quota;
Fig. 3 illustrates a structural map of block diagram form, and it comprises a plurality of base stations, and each base station is to support 128 mobile phones in this example, and wherein 62 can be used in a flash any;
Fig. 4 A example illustrates channel (group) indicator diagram of the part electromagnetic spectrum of the Communications service that is used for this type;
Fig. 4 B is that illustration is for the situation of using the channel of being separated by in the known geographical area, to decrease in the interference between mobile phone group;
Fig. 5 illustrates the typical figure of this mobile phone, and it has a perpendicular polarization whip antenna, and the side of being mounted thereon and a horizontal polarization loop aerial are installed within its pedestal;
Fig. 6 is for depicting 10 milliseconds frame of one preferable complete (line of allotment and sound channel) signal structure;
Fig. 7 illustrates 640 milliseconds the signal of being combined into of this subframe;
Fig. 8 illustrates the detailed signal structure of an allotment line channel;
General typical figure and relevant reaction that Fig. 9 distributes for allotment line order data,
Figure 10 places the position and the utilization of the control data of a transfer voice for example illustrates, be used for system's control of the communication between a mobile phone and base station;
Figure 11 is a sound spectrum control command form and the typical figure of taking from the sound channel signals;
Figure 12 is used for the general calcspar synchronous with subframe of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the calcspar that is used for day line options and measures the signal power of transmitting power control;
Figure 14 is the calcspar that is used for frequency separation device of the present invention and AFC carrier tracking loop;
Figure 15 represents to be used for the PN code phase discriminator and the tracking loop of mobile phone of the present invention;
Figure 16 represents the PN code phase discriminator and the tracking loop of a base station;
Figure 17 represents the calcspar phase estimation and is applied to differential data decoding circuit of the present invention;
Figure 18 is the illustration figure that is used for differential data coding of the present invention;
Figure 19 is the block diagram of the automatic gain control (AGC) in the mobile phone.
[detailed description of the present invention]
Fig. 1 illustrates the hardware structure diagram of one of one 62 user systems, for example, and elementary cell, the structure of base station system.Each hardware group comprises that a base station 10 reaches until 62 mobile phone 11-1 with pedestal, 11-2.11-N。This system is decided to be the network configuration of a star, and this base station is the center between star.Base station 10 comprises a transceiver 12, is used among indivedual user's mobile phones of operating system.The polarization diversity is provided in this system, and it is by using dual crossing poliarizing antenna 11A1 and 11A2 among each mobile phone.
Single antenna 13 is to use among base station 10.Wherein, only need an antenna, because this communication channel is along the direction symmetry of this base station, so should the dual crossing poliarizing antenna in mobile phone be the diversity that is enough to provide in the system.Transceiver 12 be last/change down frequently device and dividing amplifier 14 in addition continuously to antenna 13, and, be common reference oscillator 15, clocked logic 16 and 17 services of telephone system (TELCO) interface.
The hardware configuration of this mobile phone is shown in Fig. 2.This mobile phone pedestal 18 is to make two purposes.When one did not use at this mobile phone 19, it two provided a place with physical holding of the stock, its two provide a charging ability when needing once more to the battery charge on the mobile phone.Red and green emergency warning lamp 20 is provided on the mobile phone 19.These lamps 20 are that work is suitably denied in order to the physical location of indicating this pedestal.If received signal strength signal intensity is normal, then green light is lighted.If received signal strength signal intensity is undesired, then red light is lighted, and this mobile phone 19 can be moved several inches.Because this mobile phone comprises the polarization diversity, so its situation that need reappose the position of pedestal can take place hardly.
The main purpose of the system among this embodiment is for providing the voice communication ability to possible movable user community.For this ability is provided, the ability of interface is supported and provided to telephone system (TELCO).The function that this TELCO supported comprises 1) call setup operation assisting, 2) support of user's data message database and renewal, 3) the program operation abilities, 4 of calling out more) interface support function.
[call setup operation]
This comprises with this TELCO makes interface, provides and compile all required operations that transmit, the calling that enters and emit with foundation.It comprises for example dialing, the line is busy.And sound order operation etc.All these functions are disposed by index line (OW) channel, and it is for as described below.
[user's data message database]
Many base stations of typical case system construction drawing is illustrated in Fig. 3.As shown in the figure, the system of N base station BS-#1..BS-#N, each all has the ability of 62 audio communication channels.As implied above, each base station can be to support the part time to 128 (being not to use simultaneously) individual users (HS#1...HS#128).For these imaginary situations, this TELCO (this TELCO unit is known as mobile communication sometimes and switches office) (MTSO) base station system must have identification and suitably follow the ability of callback the different telephone numbers of this 128n (different users).This makes each user need following four data at least:
1) gives the independent sequence number of a special handset.It is for fixing, and the producer specifies its number and indicates this mobile phone is a system user who authorizes.
2) identification number indicates mobile phone becomes one of these 128 members with respect to the specific user group of a base station.When a mobile phone became a member in this user community, this number was specified arbitrarily by base station.
3) channel indicates one of these 62 voice communication channels, and this channel is in per call that the user is specified in is arbitrarily finished.
4) the phone number group is a telephone number, by this group system user that this TELCO is assigned to separately.
Need to be handled simultaneously multiple call in certain operations handle to be called out, for example " third-party call " reach " Call Waiting ".This is the existence that needs a kind of two-way control channel in this voice communication channel.This control channel is provided as described below.
Wherein, also can provide some other support or facility and function.These functions are really not so urgent to this fundamental system, but make phone to the user and Yan Gengxian is convenient.For example " short calling " or " speed dialling ", this make should be commonly used call number can be dialled by two buttons on the mobile phone.
So long as those users only are limited to operate in a specific base station, then these operations are defined well, and simultaneously, the equipment of this required consideration is as long as it can keep this signal timing and suitable transmitter power level.Formed by a lot of base station if this system is definition, among the geographic area of an expansion, or comprise be placed in the tier building more than the floor face, this user must can pace up and down, and perhaps carries out adapter to another tableland, base by a base station and operates.Therefore, in many base stations system, be the cellular zone that any user of hypothesis can be served by this original base station, move to another by other suitable cellular zones that base station comprised.
The importance of honeycomb pattern is following 3 points: 1) it is defined in one of shared same frequency between two honeycombs minimum zone, to define common channel interference effect; 2) it can define the outer independent neighbours of any known honeycomb, when in the operation of attempting moving/taking over, is used for the search time of a new cellular call with minimizing; 3) it is that definition multi-story building can be served in abutting connection with between the similar honeycomb of floor and do not had great interference.
For these reasons, can use 12 patterns.Honeycomb 12 patterns of hexagon be have six equal definition adjacent among each honeycomb, and, six honeycomb radius spacings are provided between alike honeycomb.For the operation of multi-story, this provides between the 3 honeycomb radiuses apart from the decay that adds with floor gap.For indoor operation, seemingly a square pattern can be used, because a square or rectangle pattern can make itself is used in the building.
In the time of in a user is displaced into its honeycomb, he will arrive the border of effective range.Understand it when this mobile phone and arrive in this opereating specification limit, it can indicate the cellular zone that he is about to be entered.This mobile phone can periodically be sought the signal from another vicinity user group, and this group is the member of whole system, still, is outside this honeycomb.This will by seek other OW then itself honeycomb group OW and finished.For at it before next base station is set up a new channel, reduce the time of search and reduce the possibility of the loss of existing use channel, mobile phone be the retention data storehouse in order to be defined in the correlated series between base station.The details of this operation is illustrated after a while.
In case during the OW signal of contact " next " honeycomb nest, it must be admitted that this honeycomb is a new user for this mobile phone.If, admitted that this mobile phone is by the authorized user of last identification number appointment as a group.At this moment, all relevant datas on the mobile phone, promptly mobile phone sequence number, identification number and telephone number must be transmitted and are stored among the database of this base station.This zone TELCO database must be carried out renewal, and it is known guide this specific telephone number in where, that is to which base station.If carrying out a calling, then the work of taking over will be relevant for this zone TELCO.This zone TELCO must not only upgrade its database, and it also need follow back a calling in carrying out once more, immediately by a base station to another base station.
Native system is limited by the FCC rule, so that be less than 1 watt (30dBm) by the power of launching in this mobile phone or the base station.Based on this, this base station is to be this limiting factor significantly.Yet, according to the present invention, can add the system of a High variation, simultaneously, satisfy this total maximum power and be 1 watt restriction.Generally speaking, when serving among the densely populated user community, the base station of high-energy is to serve more multi-user, and, operate quite short.In addition, when serving a sparsely populated community, low-yield base station can be obeyed in the smaller amounts user.Can operate in bigger communication context.
[automatic gain control]
[user is to base station]
Each base station is incorporated a fixing reference signal level into, and the estimated value of the mobile phone signal level that itself and all receive is compared.According to this relatively, adjusted the power supply bias voltage of being launched in each mobile phone as described later.This power control system can keep by this each mobile phone launched and be the received power of base station in the accuracy of about 1dB, and do not need agc circuit in the base station.
[base station is to the user]
The power level that base station is launched is held in the power setting of maximum.When a mobile phone is that its received signal will change within the about 90dB of the dynamic range of maximum when doing transmission in whole honeycomb.Be half of nominal value of full scale for the input voltage that remains in the main signal analog-to-digital converter in this user unit, take place that the AGC function executing is in simulating to the numeral with the problem of avoiding carrier wave and loss resolution.
[frequency diagram]
The system PF frequency diagram of above-mentioned announcement embodiment as shown in Figure 4.Its 15,247 frequency bands that are used for this type application FCC rule are to be extended by 902 megahertz to 928 megahertzes, and the total system frequency range of 26 megahertzes is provided.Each subgroup signal is to be positioned 1.0833 megahertz frequency ranges, makes one to add up to 24 subgroup and can be held.
Should the frequency interval between the carrier frequency of adjacency subgroup be to be set to 1.0833 megahertzes.The 3dB frequency range of this each subgroup signal is to set about 1 megahertz for, 80 percent of the sinusoidal half cycle frequency range in perhaps about this signal spectrum center.
In order to reduce the interference in abutting connection with channel, two will can not be assigned to any known base station in abutting connection with the subgroup channel.The subgroup that only is separated by can designatedly operate among the known base station.Fig. 4 b illustrates a typical case subgroup and specifies, and is used for the system of one or four subgroups.
In a known system or honeycomb, use an advantage of being separated by the subgroup frequency band, for it has allowed in may be in abutting connection with channel and altogether on the channel interference signal, the deciphering of a great access decay.
Native system provides a characteristic, and promptly the PN sequence of difference can be used for the characteristic of different honeycombs, and making among the honeycomb of simulation of this difference PN sequence reduced the interference of common channel.Place more when wanting ground close to each other when a known honeycomb forces the honeycomb of simulation, different PN sequences will be used among the honeycomb of simulation.
[diversity of polarization]
In the preferred embodiment, the antenna polarization diversity of user's mobile phone is selected, and becomes the method for the most effective reduction multipath attenuation.Execution in the polarization diversity on the mobile phone is to need two antennas on mobile phone, and a single switch therebetween elects.The channel sounding is carried out, and with in each 10 milliseconds of subframe, selects optimal antenna.
Research report shows that the polarization diversity provides the improvement about signal reception, and its diversity technology than any other is equally good or better than them.As other technologies, the use of this polarization diversity can produce not impacted system capability, and this need be very little with the complexity of the additional hardware that adds the polarity diversity.This system uses this dual crossing poliarizing antenna among mobile phone.The typical handset antenna structure is to be illustrated among Fig. 5.This antenna structure shown in Figure 5 is to use a whiplike 11A1 and an Europe Buddhist ring 11A2.The separation of this whiplike 11A1 and ring 11A2 can realize polarizing and disperse usefulness, but space divergence will be provided.In the preferred embodiment, this ring should be about 3 square inches, and, have sensitivity as whip antenna 11A1.
The antenna pattern of base station should be decided by the desire viewing area, if base station is to be positioned the heart among this coverage, its pattern should be omnirange on horizontal plane.In the example of great majority, the user will be distributed on the narrow vertical interval, and base station antenna can have a narrow vertical pattern.Each pattern is to obtain by using vertical linear arrays.The array commonly used that is used for this array is the Lindenblad reflector, is invented in 1936, and uses 120 megahertzes.It was around in-assembly of central support posts for a kind of four bipolar separating; 45 degree and with fed in phase tilt.
This antenna provides the polarized wave of a circle.An array of these elements can easily be assembled, reducing this vertical pattern, with in order to reduce the restriction for available installing space.The commercialization of this assembly is used.The advantage of this Lindenblad design is simple and can tolerates the last variation of execution.It has been used for a lot of application examples, in the frequency in X-band.For to make up the suitable attention of this array must be supplied between array element mutually between impedance.Should be roughly 10dB to physical constraints of this array gain, wherein the beam width of 3dB becomes and is approximately 20 degree.
This user is distributed in the broader scope of vertical direction, as is same as the several floors in the high building, can be less oriented antenna.Then, a single element or short array are best.
[many base stations: synchronization]
When two mobile phone operations in mutually near honeycomb (be different base station services), when finding that it is its honeycomb periphery close to each other, or obtain I/S=80dB or more in abutting connection with channel interference (ACI) ratio.If, this two cellular system and asynchronous, if a mobile phone is to stop emission and another mobile phone receives, the operation between two mobile phones will be destroyed.This can by make in abutting connection with base station be synchronized with mutually ± accuracy of 8 microseconds in and avoided.This is because the continuous minimum time gap that-16,6 microseconds are arranged in the spacing reception/launch time in each subframe.
Preferable timing method is to provide input [one of base station (Fig. 3) is to be designated as the main base platform] by an accurate timing source to a center among the embodiment that this disclosed.This timing signal is can distribute to a base station group delay then other TELCO interfering line.The method is to be applied to indoor and outdoor base station system.In the indoor heating system, will have a main base platform or a center.In the outdoor system, be to depend within this system to hold and structure.
What be used for a qualification system is not a problem synchronously, and for example, a system can be in order to serve a building.One base station can be designated as the main base platform, and it will distribute timing to give every other base station.This timing signal can prolong this TELCO interface wiring and distributed.In addition, this CPS, regional telephone company central time source etc. can be used.
[signal structure, data content, communication protocol, and signal processing]
Among the present invention's the embodiment, this signal structure that is used for native system is to be predetermined to be following two targets:
(1) be synchronized with 20 milliseconds frame of 16Kbps speech coder/decoder in order to operation, and
(2) keep institute in addition signal path delay be lower than below 10 milliseconds.
So this better signal structure is the sequence of 10 milliseconds subframe, as in person as shown in Fig. 6, each includes four time periods, and two are used for inwardly posting a letter two and are used for outwards posting a letter, and, each 64 subframe has been formed 640 milliseconds frame, and it is as shown in Figure 7.This inside signal is to be different from this with one to be scattered to the PN of external signal sign indicating number, but it is to have identical code length and cutting rate.
These speech channel data are to comprise 16Kbps bi-directional digital voice, add the two-way control link of 400bps.This data is modulated to the coding QPSK that makes difference, and launches the pulse rate in 20.72Kps.This data-signal is two-way modulation, is 32 times of extended codes to this impulse code speed (663KHz).This extended code is that a length is that 255 PN sequence and a length are delivery several 2 (modulo-2) sum that Lei Manqi-China of 32 is permitted (R-W) function.The R-W function of this institute promising one is in order to the index line channel of conduct in each 32 channel subgroup.All the other 31 functions are that each is all about the different speech channel in the subgroup.
Be relevant to the mobile phone of a particular base station, its four cycles in every subframe can be treated with the following methods:
By above discussion, this title " symbol " is in order to expression " during the speech channel symbol ", and promptly 32 chip (chip) times are on the index line channel even work as this activity.This title " speech channel " is to mean the combination of sign indicating number perhaps of a frequency channel and non-single Lei Manqi-China.
(1) (sound) this base station sounding pattern (promptly not having the data conversion) of launching one 12 to 1/4 symbols institute promising one on each arranging line channel, is higher than the level of indivedual BS-HS speech channels greater than 15dB with one; Each mobile phone is to receive these six symbols in an antenna A1, in this next one 1/8 symbol, switches to his antenna A2 of base, and is compared to the power between A1 and A2, selects to have the antenna of higher-wattage, and, switch to this antenna in next 1/8 symbol.
Should be used for this mobile phone from the power level of selected antenna,, be determined transmitting power, also as one yard synchronous error measured value, to be placed into its delay lock code tracking loop with in the HS of following signal SYNC and HS to BS part.
(2) on (BS to HS) speech channel in each start, this base station is the speech data pulse of emission 91QPSK symbol, and its guard time by 11 chips is followed.This mobile phone is to receive these data during sounding at selected antenna.These speech channel data are to make up in the following manner:
1 phase reference symbol
2 channel control characters
80 coded voice data symbols
8 reserve symbol (using after saving as)
(3) (HS SYNC) cut apart on multiplex's access (TDMA) basis in the automatic cycle time; in member's mobile phone of each 64 sub-community of member (being each arranging line path) is that emission is one arrangement signal (promptly except the conversion of PN chip; do not have data transaction) award the base station of relevant permutation line channel; be that its symbol guard time symbol by 1/8 is followed when 12 to 1/8 symbols.This base station index line channel is carried out a delay-locked loop error measure on this signal, and preparation and Sorted list one timing corrective command, if the words that are necessary are to be sent to this mobile phone in next chance.Each emission mobile phone uses selected transmitting antenna, and in the cycle, emission one is by the received power level that power determined of this antenna in a sounding.
(4) (HS to BS) speech channel in each action, the speech data pulse that this mobile phone can be launched 91 symbols are on should selected antenna, and it is followed by the guard time of 11 chips, in this sounding among the cycle.This inside pulse is identical with BS to HS pulse format in the cycle (2).
Therefore; it is symmetrical for form and content that this time is cut apart duplex signaling; its inner edge and outside are mutually the same basically in all time partly; 77.2% is to use in speech data; the 10.6%th, be the relevant consumption and the capacity that prestores; 5.8% is to use in the channel sounding, and the 5.8%th, it is synchronous to be used for the mobile phone timing, and 0.6% is used for various switchings and guard time.
The advantage of selected signal structure comprises:
1) one is used for two-way index line channel (being used for controlling links), gives each 31 speech channel.
2) when chirped pulse, there is not speech channel activity (in 15dB), promptly be higher than indivedual speech channels, allowed institute's received power, point-device measured value of time migration and frequency shift (FS).
3) it is synchronous to give mobile phone, and each channel allows this mobile phone correctly to measure mobile phone power and time skew, and not because the interference that timing error caused in other channels.
4) two-way 400bps control link is incorporated in first speech channel (as cellular phone power supplies and timing control, and controlling links) into.
(index line channel signals structure)
Index line channel signals structure is shown in Fig. 8.Four cycles that this whole time is cut apart duplex structure are to be applied on the index line signal structure; this structure (in each direction) is to comprise two OW symbol periods, its by ten actual OW symbols add 7 speech channel symbolic frames synchronously/guard time of polarity check signal and 31 chips follows.Every field time be just the 13OW symbol period among period.
This index line signal structure is designed, searches effect with amplifying signal, promptly reduces the search time of expection.Therefore each OW symbol period 255PN chip=IPN sign indicating number sequence length, by make caloric intake on the OW symbol period, has just also intactly utilized integration PN sign indicating number sequence length the automatic correlative property of this PN sign indicating number.
Simultaneously, one of PN sequence length of every field accurately integer selected be 1) amplified the PN encoder design widely and translation is drilled in search, 2) avoiding the indeterminate property of code phase, it is to increase by 10 times typical case to reach the poorest beginning search time that opens.
In two sounding in the cycle, be distributed in the end in each cycle this switching time, this fixed phase cycle (promptly be used for one and add up to (194+4) * 2+118=510 chip-2OW symbol period), this base station is that emission one connects the tone of (expansion), and it is to be relevant to one promising one data-modulated (being the free of data conversion).Following ten OW symbols comprise the index line data, as previously discussed.
This outside index line channel frame sync bit comprises 7 speech channel symbols (14 positions), is organized into 6 position polarity checks on the 20OW position, and six position subframes are arranged in frame (0-63), and, 2 polarity checks are arranged on this subframe numeral.Therefore, it is used that 12/13=92.3% launch time of this base station index line channel (be total time 46.1%) can be mobile phone, is used for picked up signal.
This inside index line signal format is to comprise for two time periods.In the very first time section, in a round-robin basis, mobile phone outside the community of one of 64 mobile phones is the tone of emission one continuous (expansion), this tone is the data-modulated (being the free of data conversion) with respect to promising one, phase length in 388 time chips is used to allow this base station in a period, and the transmitter code of measuring mobile phone is synchronous, power and quality wherein are to guarantee not have other mobile phones to disturb on this same channel.
After four chip guard times, if this existing index line time slot is designated, this mobile phone that is specified in this crack is a phase reference symbol of at first launching 118 chips, then, emission 10OW symbol, and last 7 speech channel symbols (14) field, it comprises the polarity check of this 20 index line position; Last 31 chips of this inside index line signal time section only are to be guard time.
If this existing index line time slot is not designated, it can be owing to the cell phone of seeking the member in the new base station community be absorbed, and perhaps can be absorbed by the mobile phone that switches to the start pattern by preparation and seeking a speech channel appointment.The signal structure that is used for this picked-up is to be same as to be used to specify to take the photograph taker.
(index line channel data structure and can believe agreement)
Each outside index line pulse comprises the order of 10 symbols (20) order line, and it formats as shown in Figure 9.This function field of 5 indicates out, its which kind of order or broadcast capability.For the command functions of great majority, 7 mobile phone ID fields are also involved, are to specify maximum 128 mobile phones in which of this zone base station community to indicate this order.These all the other 8 (they perhaps, being among some examples, all the other 15) be and definition become this particular command or broadcast capability required.
Should be for any outwards (promptly to mobile phone) order or inwardly requirement, its demand one reaction will be provided in the second half subframes along with this order or after requiring.Can not successfully receive effective reaction and will be considered to a mistake in this time, and, will make You not have the thoroughfare bed to put in order and survey the fan R Ge * that wanders, each the 3 half subframe along with a base station order demand one reaction is to be carried out justice how designatedly to decide, and, be not by attempted opening the beginning communication mobile phone used.
Reaction to the one base station order demand of one mobile phone is this command functions that is received of sympathetic response and mobile phone ID hurdle, in addition along with any useful data that are that this order is required.Therefore, handset response is the specific knowledge that common structure becomes this received order, adds the implicit requirement in next step, and this requirement is in the dialogue of final mark.Similarly, the requirement to mobile phone of base station is to the cognition of this requirement and provide next step in this dialogue, and towards the target of wanting.
The example that is drawn in Figure 10 and the following stated person are in order to show:
(1) one base station is to survey an incoming call that is come by the TELCO interface, and it is with a relative phone number, imports among the mobile phone.Then, it is to arrange one to be delivered to this cell-phone bell warning order, is addressed to this mobile phone via its 7 mobile phone ID.
(2) during its ID of identification, this mobile phone is by toot this ring warning order and activation region " ring " function altogether.
When (3) switching to manner of execution when the user picks up this mobile phone and by preparation, this mobile phone can be forbidden this zone ringer function and locate the channel requirement by distribution in next available CSMA groove one, to set up this dialogue again.
(4) suppose that it is in base station suitably receives in addition (replied, it is discussed in later part) that the CSMA location channel requires from collision or other mistake, this base station be toot this location channel requirement altogether to the mobile phone of this requirement,
(5) replenish they (promptly " assurance " collisionless TDMA groove is 15 milliseconds) in implicit the appointment more in addition.
(6) therefore, confirm this location channel requirement, then, this base station is the location speech channel and sends the channel specified command and give this mobile phone.
(7) it can be total to toot this channel specified command in affirmation.
(8) therefore, confirm that this mobile phone has correctly received this channel specific data information, this base station is to connect this relative TELCO line to the speech channel of this location and send one and connect order to this mobile phone.
(9) then, it begins to receive and dispatch on the specified speech channel.
For the calling of rising in this mobile phone, substantially the same process can be followed, and except step (1) and (2), this can add elimination certainly.
When any end of calling, the user will be switched this mobile phone, switches to ready way by action, and this mobile phone will be via index line (or channel control) path (see the 3rd, 6 joint) in its band, separates location channel and requires to this base station and launch one.This requirement will be confirmed by this base station, via identical path, to discharging before these channel two ends.
(index line channel data structure)
Nearly 15 specific index line channel commands be have must and quite useful.Some are for the base station institute " broadcasting " on this index line channel, to indicate the state at networking.Other relate to mobile phone and open the beginning communication, termination communication and adjustment timing, and this comprises:
1) ring warning order.
2) location channel requirement.
3) channel specified command.
4) connect order.
5) go the location channel requirement.
6) base station member available broadcast.The 8 bit data fields of this broadcasting are included in existing available member's number in this base community.This is broadcast to that I haven't seen you for ages in each index line channel, with per 200 milliseconds of generations once.
7) member subscription requirement.Look for the member by cell phone in the new communities, replenish with the CSMA basis.
8) registration interview order.Eight different commands, reality is: three in order to obtain this mobile phone serial number of 24, three in order to obtain the telephone number of these 24 mobile phones, one in order to the previous member's honeycomb of identification, if the words that have, give this mobile phone in order to specify for one 7 ID number, become new honeycomb community in order to finish its acceptance.
9) broadcast in abutting connection with honeycomb figure.12 lowest orders of this broadcasting, point out these 12 may Cu the moral histories instruction that fall into oblivion take and entreat Huan *, this honeycomb be (1) in abutting connection with existing honeycomb or (0) this existing honeycomb of adjacency not whether.
10) report in abutting connection with the honeycomb time migration.Three different reports in fact are: one in order to indication PN code phase offset, and one in order to pointing out the symbol offset in a subframe, and an indication is offset for the subframe in the frame.The 8 bit data fields of these reports are pointed out this particular offset in abutting connection with cellular base station with respect to existing honeycomb, and this is to indicate in the ID of mobile phone field in abutting connection with cellular base station.These reports start from by any detection or cell phone, and being replenished on the CSM basis, are to specify the TDMA basis to be confirmed then.
11) broadcast in abutting connection with the honeycomb time migration.The broadcasting of three differences, actual be for: one in order to indication PN code phase offset, and an indication is for the symbol offset in the subframe, and one is offset for the subframe in the frame in order to indication.These are broadcasted 8 bit data fields and indicate this particular offset of having discerned in abutting connection with cellular base station with respect to this existing honeycomb in this mobile phone ID fields.
12) speech channel available broadcast.8 bit data of this broadcasting comprise existing in this base station the speech channel of appointment in addition not.This broadcasting will take place once in each second.
13) CSMA statistics broadcasting.15 lowest orders of this broadcasting comprise CSMA groove ability, loading, and are used for the collision statistics in previous 1 second cycle.
14) adjust transmitter code phase order of the bit.8 bit data data fields of this order are the complements for or two, indicate this mobile phone transmitter code phase place adjustment, in the 16 of the chip that is carried out; Therefore, will indicate will be by being hindered the transmitter, phase of mobile phone specified in mobile phone ID field by 3/16 of a chip for one negative three value.Be carried out in the data value of scope-4 outside+4 and ignore.
15) adjust the transmitted power level order.The 8 bit data fields of this order are the complements for or two, indicate the transmitting power adjustment of this mobile phone, and unit is the db gain; This value is the transmitting power control bias voltage title (seeing the 4th, 3 joints) that adds basically as for the mobile phone of being discerned in the mobile phone ID field.Scope-4 and+4 outer data values are given to ignore.
(collision sensing multiple access (CSMA) incident)
Searching inputs to the mobile phone of a honeycomb (i.e. a base station), is to be unknown entity for this base station.Simultaneously, for to cooperate other asynchronous events (for example mobile phone by in advance to the utmost the conversion of manner of execution and speech channel require the location again) and, avoid parasitizing the delay in a pure circulation or the wheel call method, need other device.
Collision sensing multiple access (CSMA) method is fit to the demand to support that these quite are of little use very much, and still, it is to make it need this CSMA information source of wisdom ground management.There have been several design characteristicses to be incorporated into wherein.
At first, be applicable to that the mark of the groove of CSMA use will be arranged,, provide the not suitable possibility of collision with in this first access attempt.
The second, this base station will keep the statistics of available CSMA groove use, will broadcast these statistics and give mobile phone, to be used for starting access and the wise selection of shutdown strategy do.
The 3rd, the useful polarity check sign indicating number that is included in the emission of inside index line can reduce the possibility occurrence of this collision, its unnecessary in addition identification, and therefore, this base station explains that mistakenly the possibility of the demodulation result of this collision emission greatly reduces.
Any CSMA access attempt of doing affirmation in 35 milliseconds will be considered to fail.This suitable shutdown strategy will be selected, thereby examination will be ranked again.
(speech channel control data structure and communication protocol)
Each voice pulse comprises oriented 2 symbol fields, is used for channel control, index line function in promptly being with, for example mobile phone transmitting power control, mobile phone transmitter code phase control, and other functions of being discerned.For these purposes, this in band, outside the band, provides frequency range in all directions:
200 symbols/second=128 symbol/frame
400 symbol/second-256/frame
So, have to have and call out and mobile phone access in carrying out, to fill up the function of order line, as discussed previously.
Outwards the channel control data be organized into 16 order and the form confirmed as shown in figure 11, and frame is so to order so that * to be provided in the every frame of every speech channel (25 per second) 16 synchronously.
Each order is made up of 6 bit function fields and 10 bit data fields.If not this index line channel is not need mobile phone ID field, because this addressed mobile phone is to be implied among this speech channel appointment.
Inwardly the channel control data is to be organized into 16 requirement, and, formative cognition be same as outside order and with its synchronization, but be the subframe that is offset half.Outside for this is after this order emission is finished to internal reaction, beginning three and half subframes, and, be among the pulse that starts from finishing to the anti-outer reaction of inside requirement along with this requirement.
Detailed signal processing operations
Below illustrated signal processing operations that native system used and sequence, in order to picked up signal and follow the tracks of this signal, promote its quality, and by these data of its demodulation, when decision begins to be transmitted to one in abutting connection with honeycomb, and finishes this transmission.
(open the beginning signal and obtain (only being used for mobile phone))
When a mobile phone be the beginning opening power in, it is assumed to be its previous it " mother " base station PN sign indicating number and frequency channel, have a previous cognition, be not have cognition but the time by this base station is offset, but know that its frequency shift (FS) is the nominal volume 9KHz that leaves this channel.(frequency shift (FS) of leaving the mark volume in base station is to be assumed to be less than 100Hz).
This opens the beginning and searches and to solve these problems and the uncertainty of frequency, by by seeking obtaining this base station index line signal, with each 255 * 2=510PN phase place uncertainty state and 19 frequencies in the 1KHz mode at interval in addition.19 * 510=9690 that every place gets synthetic uncertain state tested 398.44 microseconds (=one 255 chip PN order length), because each receiver is to have three correlators, needs are add up to 9690 * 398.44 microseconds/3=1.29 seconds, to finish this search, if this signal is to occur regularly.
Because this base station index line signal is only half the time can occur, yet, (this inside signal is expanded with a different PN sign indicating number), each uncertain state must be searched twice at least, once be at time t and once for t+ (2n+1) * 5 second, so required altogether (in 25 chips) and time of solving frequency shift (FS) (within 500Hz) are to double this or 2.6 seconds at least synchronously to obtain the PN chip.
If the honeybee of all nondeterministic statements value power measurement is not only greater than the mean value TBD db of this all non-peak state, then, its be hypothesis this first to attempt being because antenna is failed for blank, and this search processing repeated at other antennas, the poorest situation is to add up to 5.2 seconds.
Be noted that more subsequently acquisition generally is essentially moment, because, this startup obtains and carrier wave is drawn in, will remove the frequency uncertainty of all, and the honeycomb time migration of adjacency is propagated will remove most code phase and other uncertainties.
It is also noted that this obtains the PN code phase automatically also can finish the OW sign synchronization synchronously, but other several frames will be carried out demand, finishing frame synchronization and carrier wave is drawn in, before can the demodulator data.These processing are to add description by each following joint.
(subframe is (only being used for mobile phone) synchronously)
Subframe is by following being finished (seeing Figure 12) synchronously:
1) encoder and carrier wave are retracted into this with respect to opening code phase and the frequency that begins to obtain energy crest (with selected index line signal).
2) observe come by this correlator (I, Q) 3 of measured value subframes, first correlator are integration OW symbols; Particularly, observe these data (the every subframe of modulus 260OW symbol time), determine this peak power measurement values, and verify that it is greater than on average at least more than the 9db of other values.This is the beginning that is equivalent in the outside chirped pulse of each subframe.
This observation is to be zero by making up the histogram of Unit 26, removing all unit, and each adds this (I relatively then, Q) power measurement values of sample and finish (that is when i=0 to 77, number of samples imod 26), wherein, the measured value of this power is to be defined as I 2+ Q 2
3) this frequency distribution index of the picture j is feasible
H (j)＞h (i), the i/=j of all
And h (j)＞Pavg 19 db
Wherein: *
Pavg＝(Ptot-h(j)-h(j+1?mod?26))/24
And Ptot=Sum (h (i), i=077)
Represent in OW symbol increment, should be with respect to the delay of the actual frame of supposing frame initial (i=0).If this index j does not exist, then use other antenna repeating steps (2) and (3).
4) set the mod 26 of OW symbol count=(26j).(the OW symbol count will increase by one (delivery several 26) in each OW symbol.This is to finish frame synchronizing process, thus its be for can be under an embargo and carrier wave and the sign indicating number tracking function be to be under an embargo.Should be selected with respect to this big throwing power measured value antenna, be used (inwardly reaching outside part) with remainder in this subframe.This big throwing power measured value itself adds to this base station and is determined the bias voltage correction condition that one frame than length is can use with setting to be used for inside emitted power level.Reference value is to be used for the unit shown in Figure 13.
Being used for the power that each chirped pulse measures is as following:
(I, Q) sampling is imported and in six phonic symbols of tuning ground of integrator integration by correlator; Gross power be then by these pulses transfer altogether (Ij, Qj) measured value is calculated becomes:
P1=I1 2+ Q1 2Antenna 1
P2=I2 2+ Q2 2Antenna 2
And be projected to the central point in this cycle of inwardly posting a letter:
PWR1＝P1+0.75*(P1-P1’)；pro
j＝mgbuu?honm+0.75
PWR2=P2+0.75* (P2-P2 '), (existing-previous)
P1’＝P1；P2’＝P2
It line options is can simplify then, if PWR1＞PWR2
Then select day 1 (k=1)
Other then select antenna 2 (k=2)
This day, the damp method of drilling of line options was identical haveing nothing to do in whether calling out the mobile phone for carrying out.
Should be calculated as then in the transmitting power Pxmit of this subframe institute
Pxmit＝Kp+Pref-log(PWRK)-Attn+Bias
Wherein:
K p=in the demarcation transmitting power of log (PWRK)=Pref-Attn+Bias
Pref-is with reference to received power level
Attn=is the attenuator settings (seeing the 4th, 9 joints) that AGC sets.This bias voltage correction condition of giving first mobile phone in this base station is determined that per 64 frames are as follows:
Bias＝Bias+Kid*log(Prev/Pref)
Wherein
Prcv=is by the P of base station Phase Tracking function p(seeing the 4.5.2 joint)=Ip 2+ Qp 2, Ip and Qp are tuning ground integrations a 12-1/8 symbol mobile phone synchronizing cycle.
Pref=is with reference to received power level
And Kid is selected so that the loop frequency range of a 0.10Hz to be provided.Whether translation is drilled in this transmitting power control is not depend on this mobile phone to call out.
((only being used for mobile phone) drawn in and followed the tracks of to carrier wave)
Carrier wave is drawn in and is followed the tracks of to be to use in the following AFC function of describing and finished, and this function is to follow the synchronous OW symbol of subframe and be enabled 0.Figure 14 is that example illustrates this in frequency separation device used in the present invention and AFC carrier-tracking loop subsystem.
Based on the power measurement values of being measured during this ground chirped pulse, if PWR1＞PWR2 then makes k=1 (other are k=2 then), and the Dafc that calculates this circuit sectionalizer is as follows:
Dafc=adjusts (ph2-ph1)
Wherein the ph1-arc tangent (QK1, IK1)
The ph2=arc tangent (QK2, IK2)
Adjust (x)=if abs (x)＜pi then is x
Otherwise be x-2*pi*sign (x)
This subscript 1 and 2 is expressed as in first and second half of each chirped pulse and gets the idle * of You rose Na ⊙
Moreover, input Dafc to the first order AFC loop
df＝df+Kld*Dafc±3450/pi
And the output suitably df+ of normalization is demarcated, and gives carrier wave NCO.Pulled over subframe speed in this loop, promptly 100Hz and Kla are chosen in the loop that the 6Hz frequency range is provided.This circuit sectionalizer is only operated among the outside index line chirped pulse, and has+scope of 3450Hz.
Carrier wave is drawn in and will be finished within three loop time constants basically, or about 0.15 second, so that in this time, this data demodulates function is to be under an embargo.
Whether this carrier tracking function is identical and is not depend on to have one to call out and to deny on this mobile phone.
(code phase tracking)
It is to carry out in mobile phone and base station that code phase is followed the tracks of, and still, is carried out by different way based on this two place.Below declarative description can be that mobile phone and the employed code phase of base station follow the tracks of.
Follow the tracks of the delay-locked loop function that is to use in the following stated in the code phase that mobile phone is finished, it is to make this O follow the synchronous OW sign computation activation of subframe.
Based in the obtained power measurement values of this chirped pulse,, and calculate this circuit sectionalizer Dco and be if PWR1＞PWR2 then makes k=1 (other are k=2 then)
Dco-(Pe-Pl)/Pp
Wherein,
Pe＝(Iek1+Iek2) 2+(Qek1+Qek2) 2
Pl＝(Ilk1+Ilk2) 2+(Qlk1+Qlk2) 2
Pp＝(Ipk1+Ipk2) 2+(Qpk1+Qpk2) 2
Subscript e, l, p be expressed as reference code skew relatively demarcations in 1/2 chip morning and 1/2 chip evening.And subscript 1 and 2 is shown in first and second sampling value of half of each chirped pulse.
Dco is input to the first sequential delays locked loop then
dp＝Klb*Dco/4
This loop output dp is to use with the code phase in Unit 1/16 of adjusting a chip.Pulled over the speed of subframe in this loop, promptly with 100Hz, and this Klb is a loop frequency range of being selected to provide 6Hz.
Notice that this yard phase following function is identical among each mobile phone, whether it does not depend on has one to call out and to deny on this mobile phone.
(code phase in base station is followed the tracks of)
In order to add the synchronism greater than the inside signal of each base station, this code phase is each mobile phone of being measured in each community of the base station that is relevant to this community when arriving.This process is to be shown in Figure 16, and its execution is as follows:
Each mobile phone is to have 7 relevant ID numbers, and it is received by this base station, adds in this base station community at it, and its ID number is impliedly relevant for the index line subgroup 0 of this base station by 0 to 63 mobile phone; These have ID is impliedly relevant for this index line subgroup 1 by 64 to 127 mobile phone.The mobile phone that the necessary Zhi Shouzhi of each index line channel is 64 groups.
In the mobile phone sync section of each inside half subframe, the delivery several 64 of this its number of mobile phone number is number number person who equals the existing subframe in this frame, can launch a 12-1/8 symbol promising one lock-out pulse.This base station receives this pulse and calculates this circuit sectionalizer Dco2
Dco2＝(Pe-Pl)/Pp
Wherein, Pe=Ie 2+ Qe 2
P1＝I1 2+Q1 2
Pp＝Ip 2+Qp 2
To be expression be offset 1/2 chip early and the 1/2 chip measured value of being measured evening with respect to the reference code of demarcating to this subscript e.l.p.Each 1 and Q input by the measuring period of this whole 12-1/8 symbol (388 chip) of tuning ground integration.
Dco2 is input to the first sequential delays locked loop then
dp＝Klc×Dcc/4
* output dp in this loop is to use with the mobile phone transmitter code phase place in 1/16 the unit of adjusting chip.This function is a subframe speed, and promptly 100Hz is pulled over, and therefore, it is selected so that the loop frequency range of 0.02Hz to be provided in frame rate (640 milliseconds, or 1.56Hz) and Klc for each mobile phone.
This loop is in addition closed practically, via doing communication with first mobile phone, uses the index line channel to give at the mobile phone of calling out with not ing, perhaps uses speech channel to control field to its mobile phone of calling out.Except this difference, be to be used for each mobile phone person with the code phase following function of base station identically, itself no matter this mobile phone whether call out.
(data demodulates)
In case end has been set in its AFC loop, mobile phone can begin demodulation index line data and be engaged in index line dialogue and this base station, to add among this honeycomb community as discussed previouslyly.In case it adds a particular community or honeycomb, then, it can begin to receive and send calling, but it be mainly via speech channel via this index line channel, and certainly, it also needs to do the speech channel data demodulates.
This translation of drilling of using with these data of demodulation is to estimate the combination of difference as the square frame phase place, and it is when the skew of phase place and channel occurs, and adjusts this symbol phase in order to the reception of the best decoding, and differentiated data this rotation symbol of decoding.This drills translation is directly to be applied to this speech channel, and, be to have the change of minimum and can be used for this index line channel.Be used for speech channel, this drill translation be operation as shown in Fig. 4 .6.1 and be described below:
(Ij, Qj), (I4j, Q4j) (these data are to be removed) how to calculate this symbol that equates to follow each 91 symbol of this chirped pulse (in the mobile phone) or mobile phone lock-out pulse (base station)
(I1，Q2)＝(Ij，Qj) 2
(14j，Q4j)＝(I2，Q2) 2
Starting this square integrator and phase estimation then is
Sum14=Sum (14j, j=0,15); The long SumQ4=Sum of square (Q4j, j=0,15); 16 symbol phi4=arc tangents (SumQ4, SumI4)
phi＝-phi4/4+pi/4
phi0＝Phi
And, rotate 8 symbols in this front (ij, Qj), J-0.7, mat phi:(Ij, Qj)=(Ij, Qj) * (cos (phi), sin (phi).
For 75 following symbols (Ij, Qj), j=8,82, upgrade this square integrator and phase estimation value and rotate this symbol as:
SumI4＝SumI4+14(j+8)-14(j-8)
SumQ4＝SumQ4+Q4(J+8)-Q4(j-8)
The phi4-arc tangent (SumQ4, SumI4)
phi＝-Phi4/4+pi/4+Ntrack*pi/2(1j，Qj)＝(Ij，Qj)*(cos(phi)，sin(Phi))
phi0＝Phi
Wherein, Ntrack=0,1,2 or 3, make ABS (phi-phi0) for minimum, that is, and with the rotation that produces minimum with respect to this previous rotation.
Secondly, rotate these last 8 symbols (Ij, Qj), j=83, u0, by the final value of this phi:
(Ij，Qj)＝(Ij，Qj)*cos(Phi)，sin(Phi))
At last, according to the sign of this Ij and Qj, quantize this rotation symbol and become 00,01,10,11
(Ij，Qj)＝(sign(Ij)，sign(Qj))，J＝0.90，
And shown in Figure 17, this result is inputed to this differential decoderl.The symbol 1 of this decoder output is the demodulating datas that are used for this pulse via 90.(these data of being launched are at first by differential coding, as shown in figure 18)
For this index line channel, except this square length be 20W symbol rather than 16 speech channel symbols this to drill translation basic identical.Simultaneously, the frame synchronization of each index line pulse partly is that stone is handled with ground, promptly as 7 speech channel symbols.Thereby this drills translation is to become:
This follows in chirped pulse (in mobile phone) or mobile phone lock-out pulse (two base stations) Xi * 11 symbols each, calculates equal symbol (I4j, Q4j with the data that this place removes
(I2，Q2)＝(Ij，Qj) 2
(I4，Q4j)＝(I2，Q2) 2。
Then, start this square integrator and phase estimation as
SumI4=Sum (I4j, j-0,1); Square is long
SumQ4-Sum (Q4j, j=0,1); The 20W symbol
The Phi4=arc tangent (SumQ4, SumI4)
Phi＝-Phi4/4+Pi/4
Phi0＝Phi
And, by rotate by Phi this first symbol (I0, Q0);
(I0，Q0)＝(I0，Qo)*(cos(Phi)，sin(Phi))。
For following 10 symbols (Ij, Qj), j=1,10, upgrade this square and divide device and phase estimation and rotate this symbol:
SumI4＝SumI4+I4(j+1)-I4(j-1)
SumQ4＝SumQ4+Q4(j+1)-Q4(j-1)
The Phi4=arc tangent (SumQ4, SumI4)
Phi＝-Phi4/4+pi/4+Ntrack*pi/2(Ij，Qj)＝(Ij，Qj)*cos(Phi)，
sin(phi))
Phi0＝Phi
Wherein, this Ntrack=0,1,2, or 3, make that ABS (Phi-Phi0) is a minimum value, promptly produce the rotation of minimum with respect to previous rotation.
Moreover, according to the end value of this Phi, rotate this 7 frame synchronization symbols (Ij, Qj), j=11,17:
(Ij，Qj)＝(Ij，Qj)*(cos(Phi)，sin(Phi)).
Finally, according to the sign of Ij and Qj, the symbol that quantizes rotation becomes 00,01, and 10,11
(Ij，Qj)-(sign(Ij)，sign(Qj))，j＝0，17.
And this result inputed to this differential decoderl.The symbol 1 to 10 of this decoder output is for being used for the demodulation OW data of this pulse.The symbol 11 to 17 of this decoder output is the demodulated frames synchrodata of pulse for this reason.(via the OW data that the first time, differential coding was transmitted)
(survey, move and the honeycomb emission)
Native system has been carried out some characteristics, to support quick honeycomb conversion.One of these characteristics are for maintenance and in abutting connection with the broadcasting of the database of the relative time skew of cellular base station.Data message in database is applied by mobile phone, and this mobile phone is to survey or to move the basis, to ask the honeycomb index line signal of adjacency.
Moreover detected event is essentially and moves movablely, is to be content with the data of collecting environment, rather than launches the honeycomb member practically.The mobile phone delay time migration data message of surveying the honeycomb of adjacency is got back to the base station of its existing designated cell; Move and be emitted to a mobile phone in abutting connection with honeycomb, the data message of the relevant previous honeycomb timing of notice is given the base station of this new honeycomb.
So the data message that obtains is proved and broadcasts via the channel control section of each movable voice channel for each base station institute reaches via this order line channel.
Detection and mobile search are different from opening of generally being noted to be begun to search, that is to say that it searches single-frequency, i.e. existing carrier tracking frequency in the existing honeycomb of mobile phone, when beginning at least, be a few chip uncertainties (proportional) that to search the PN code phase with the data consistency.Other main difference is to be to assist wave frequency, survey and mobile search in, PN code phase and power level are followed the tracks of operation and are remained on the primary signal.
(detection)
For detection, if more focus search failure is arranged on two antennas, then it is added wide in the indeterminate property of the phase place that comprises all 255PN chip codewords, even wide search of this in this two antenna is failure, then this existing detection effect is terminated, and does not have a detection report (in abutting connection with honeycomb time migration report) to be sent to this base station.
When if any searchs success is arranged, synchronous subframe and frame also are monarchs carrying out, and are filled one and survey and report.
(moving and the honeycomb emission)
The received power of subframe frame is carried out measurement each time.Mean value after the filtering of this measurement is also preserved, so that one 2 seconds time constant to be provided.As long as when the mean value of filtering this moment is lower than the critical value that is defined by this signal level, this signal level is that the signal level that another honeycomb becomes possibility is delivered in order, mobile search can be opened the beginning, its be at first search up-to-date acquisition in abutting connection with honeycomb index line signal.
If searching all on two antennas that this concentrates failed, a similar search will import on this two antenna, is used for the next adjacent signals that obtains at first.For each adjacent signals that is obtained, if the measurement power level on this signal is the beginning bamboo know well in the existing β reality of a tool fine linen demon of drought red silk sword buffalo gnat lemon son ∫ change dimple a high we send mould worried ア *
If the member can utilize (and if a calling is just carried out, perhaps, speech channel is to utilize) on mobile phone, then this mobile phone can send member's register request.In the confirmation of this register request, this base station is that meeting importing one is interviewed with the registration of this mobile phone, and this mobile phone member's emission and calling among any the carrying out on this mobile phone, and this emission is to deliver in abutting connection with cellular base station to be finished.
(monitoring appears in the signal in base station)
In order in these situations, to survey, one mobile phone signal can be considered to lose, particularly, if be its existing attribute audio frequency road that is meant, and these speech channels are in demand, and the filtered mean value of received power remains by each mobile phone synchronizing cycle: Fp (j)-(I-Klf) * Fp (j)+Klf*Prcv (j)
Wherein
Prcv (j)=Ip 2+ Qp 2, Ip and Qp are tuning ground integration in 12 to 1/8 symbols,
Wherein Klf is selected, so that 2 seconds time constant to be provided.As long as this Fp value that is used for any mobile phone j is lower than specific low critical value, this mobile phone is to be regarded as off-line; As long as this Fp value is back to upper bound critical value, it is regarded as on line.
Any calling of carrying out on a thing machine, when mobile phone was decided to be off-line, calling can be interrupted.Enter and call out its target mobile phones when being off-line, be regarded as that the line is busy.
(the automatic gain control (AGC) in mobile phone)
In order to reduce this dynamic range requirements that is used in signal path A to the D transducer in the mobile phone (and power and cost), some patterns of the automatic gain control (AGC) of this A to D input signal need.Figure 19 describes out the selected AGC method that is used for native system.Its idea is as follows:
In each chirped pulse, this analog input signal is tuning with reference to the PN waveform with this, and tuning gathers six symbols, then, becomes square principle device SLD, and its output is set and makes logarithm and amplify, is converted into numeral then.The power measurement in this digital logarithm space is read for the software in the end of each chirped pulse.In the end of this second pulse, the greater of this two power measurement values (Pmax) is selected by software, with all the other signal path attenuation that obtain existing subframe and the sounding cycle of following subframe.This decay is to be decided to be:
Atten＝Atten+Kpow*(Pmax-Plimir+6dB)
Wherein, Kpow is the function of this logarithmic amplifier gain and attenuator gain.This attenuator settings also is to use the decision with mobile phone transmission power setting in this existing subframe.
For the acquisition of signal, this attenuator is that (scanning of each antenna and each new code phase and carrier frequency range of indeterminacy and individually) is set, so that the root-mean-square value of this noise level Po is to be lower than this A to D transducer incoming level 18db, therefore:
Attn＝Attn+Kpow*(P0-Plim+18db)。
Can use the microcontroller of insertion or microprocessor handle with control command in related operating sequence, still, the wherein not only control of this order of advantage that adds of decision, also be for programmable device for example in the numerical digit signal processor processing of signal because of.These advantages comprise:
Reduce the hardware designs time, because:
Have less element,, reduce FPGA complexity and design time widely so do not have ASIC design time or manufacturing time in order to incorporate into;
In case this system finished or in when test, just increased in order to revise or the compatibility of translation is drilled in fine adjustment.
Now introduced preferred embodiment of the present invention, as seen, the present invention's various modifications and changes are to be quite tangible for being familiar with the one's own profession operator, and, be still in the present invention's spirit and be appended hereto in the scope of the present invention that this case claim disclosed.

Claims (14)

1. a radio telephone system comprises the base station and a plurality of user's mobile phone that is equipped with single transmitter/receiver unit that are equipped with a plurality of transmitter/receiver units, and described base station is introduced an emitter/receiver to user's mobile phone of each work, it is characterized in that,
Each emitter/receiver unit comprises:
1. simulation to numeral and numeral to Simulation Conversion Assembly: become digital form with converting analogue voice signal respectively, forming digitized voice signal, and changing this digital signal becomes analog voice signal;
2. pseudo noise derived digital signal: its signal pattern is repeated with a specific period;
3. in order to modulate the device of above-mentioned digitized voice signal and above-mentioned pseudo noise digital signal: in order to produce the fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal, it comprises the device of the identical pseudo noise signal of use with the above-mentioned fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal of demodulation, use by the spread spectrum signal that receives, produce audio digital signals;
4. the device in each user's mobile phone unit: it uses independent pseudo noise digital signal, and the pseudo noise signal of the transmitter receipt device in this signal and this base station unit is identical;
5. the device in each mobile phone and this base station: produce the single wireless frequency carrier, its rated frequency is evenly being selected in the increment, and this even increment is roughly to separate for the frequency range institute at the expansion spectrum signal at available bandwidth two ends;
6. the device in each emitter/receiver: in order to above-mentioned expansion spectrum signal, modulate above-mentioned carrier frequency, transmit with generation;
7. demodulation this transmit and produce the device of fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal;
8. the antenna assembly in each mobile phone and base station unit: in order to emission or receive above-mentioned transmitting.
2. radio telephone system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the antenna assembly in its mobile phone comprises a whip antenna and a coil antenna.
3. radio telephone system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, above-mentioned coil antenna is Europe Buddhist (Alford) ring.
4. radio telephone system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the time compression device, use greater than 2 coefficient digitized voice pulse group is carried out time compression, resulting burst of pulses is launched between base station and user's mobile phone with being separated by and is received, therebetween to make time duplex both-way communication.
5. radio telephone system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, comprise a device, each the data pulse burst that is used between base station and user's mobile phone, launching, this device has other pulse, can be addressed to the controlled function of channel, simultaneously, this communication is still carried out between known mobile phone and this base station.
6. radio telephone system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also has in order to the signal with each user's mobile phone to be connected to the external call system or the device of other communication exchange devices.
7. radio telephone system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, this system comprises the device that forms the two-way index line channel that separates, in order to selected predetermined system control function to be provided, comprise and place the calling that user's mobile phone comes, the two-way index line channel of above-mentioned separation can be this base station and mobile phone uses, and this mobile phone is existing not to be got in touch with this base station, but, be to attempt the beginning communication.
8. a cellular radio and telephone comprises a plurality of single base stations as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that wherein above-mentioned a plurality of base stations are done the arrangement of geographic area, with the partly overlapping zone, cellular service of covering, and wherein has honeycomb to start mobile phone,
And wherein each opens the beginning mobile phone and has collator, with survey and estimation from the index line signal of all contiguous base stations, and start communication via this base station, its received signal in the above-mentioned position of beginning mobile phone of opening for the strongest.
9. cellular radio and telephone according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, comprise a device, this device make a known cellie can with another cellie or remote phone machine user, by the base station in this honeycomb, communication in addition, wherein, when this calling is placed, this known hand is located, if and this known mobile phone be during this calling, do geographical when mobile, other base stations service cellular zones that can enter via this known mobile phone, and obtain service.
10. a radio telephone system comprises the base station and a plurality of user's mobile phone that is equipped with single transmitter/receiver unit that are equipped with a plurality of emission receiving elements, it is characterized in that comprising:
1. each emitter/receiver unit: comprise simulation to numeral and numeral to Simulation Conversion Assembly, become digital form with converting analogue voice signal respectively, forming digitized voice signal, and conversion digital signal becomes analog voice signal;
2. pseudo noise derived digital signal: its signal pattern is to repeat with specific period;
3. modulate the device of above-mentioned digitized voice signal with this pseudo noise digital signal: in order to produce the fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal, the device that comprises the above-mentioned fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal of demodulation, it is to use identical pseudo noise signal, with by received spread spectrum signal, produce audio digital signals;
4. each user's mobile phone unit adopts independent pseudo noise digital signal, and it is identical with the pseudo noise digital signal of transmitter receipt device in this base station unit;
5. the device in each mobile phone and this base station: to produce the signal wireless frequency carrier, its rated frequency is evenly being selected in the increment, and this even increment is that the frequency range of the expansion spectrum signal at available bandwidth two ends roughly separates;
6. the device in each emitter/receiver: in order to above-mentioned spread spectrum signal, modulate above-mentioned carrier frequency, transmit with generation, and demodulation this transmit and produce the device of a fundamental frequency spread spectrum signal;
7. first antenna assembly in this base station unit, in order to emission or receive above-mentioned transmitting, second antenna assembly among each mobile phone, each above-mentioned second antenna assembly comprises whip antenna and coil antenna, and the device of selecting one of above-mentioned ring-type and whip antenna according to the power of institute's detectable signal;
Above-mentioned base station is introduced a reflector transceiver to each user's mobile phone.
11. radio telephone system according to claim 10 is characterized in that, comprises the time compression device, and time compression is carried out in each data pulse burst of launching between base station and the user's mobile phone, therebetween to make time duplex both-way communication.
12. radio telephone system according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, comprise a device, each the data pulse burst that is used for launching between described base station and described user's mobile phone, this device comprises other pulse, it has the controlled function that can be addressed to channel, and simultaneously, this communication is still carried out between known mobile phone and this base station.
13. radio telephone system according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, this system comprises the device that forms the two-way index line channel that separates, in order to selected predetermined system control function to be provided, comprise and place the calling that user's mobile phone comes, the two-way index line channel of above-mentioned separation can be this base station and mobile phone uses, and this mobile phone is existing to be not to get in touch with this base station, but, be to attempt starting this communication.
14. a cellular radio and telephone comprises numeral a plurality of single base stations as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that above-mentioned a plurality of base stations are done the arrangement of geographic area, with the partly overlapping zone, cellular service of covering, and the startup mobile phone is arranged wherein,
Wherein, each call out to start mobile phone and has collator, in order to surveying and to estimate from all index line signals near base stations, and has the device that starts communication via this base station, and the signal that it received is the strongest in the position of this startup mobile phone.
CN 94105684 1994-06-08 1994-06-08 Wireless direct sequence -spread spectrum digital crllular telephone system Expired - Fee Related CN1104796C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 94105684 CN1104796C (en) 1994-06-08 1994-06-08 Wireless direct sequence -spread spectrum digital crllular telephone system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 94105684 CN1104796C (en) 1994-06-08 1994-06-08 Wireless direct sequence -spread spectrum digital crllular telephone system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1114092A CN1114092A (en) 1995-12-27
CN1104796C true CN1104796C (en) 2003-04-02

Family

ID=5032147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 94105684 Expired - Fee Related CN1104796C (en) 1994-06-08 1994-06-08 Wireless direct sequence -spread spectrum digital crllular telephone system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1104796C (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19845040A1 (en) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-06 Siemens Ag Method for the non-reactive operation of at least two base stations operating according to the DCMA (Code Division Multiple Access) principle in a universal mobile communication system, preferably in-house base stations, with partially overlapping radio fields with one another and / or with a telecommunications radio cell network

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1114092A (en) 1995-12-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1123990C (en) Determination of frequency offsets in communication systems
CN1158889C (en) Method and apparatus for providing diversity in hard handoff for CDMA system
CN1141854C (en) Method and apparatus for integration of wireless communication system with cable TV system
CN1065092C (en) Method and system for CDMA mobile radio communication
CN1310439C (en) Power control with signal quality estimation for smart antenna array communication systems
CN1156119C (en) Method of operation of a multi-station network
CN1451250A (en) Handover procedures in radio communication system
CN100341379C (en) Idle mode handling in a hybrid GSM/CDMA network
CN1274161C (en) High frequency spectrum effect high volume radio communication system
CN1172463C (en) Method of assigning uplink random access channel in CDMA mobile communication system
CN1196279C (en) Time division duplex repeater for use in CDMA system
CN1262847A (en) Method and apparatus for providing cone of silence in cellular communication system
CN1162023C (en) Base-station transmitting-power control system and mobile station and base station thereof
CN1918848A (en) Data transport protocol for a multi-station network
CN1203725A (en) Method and apparatus for wireless communication employing collector arrays
CN1623287A (en) Power control device and method for calibrating the power of a transmitter or receiver in a mobile communication network
CN1124708C (en) Pilot signal for synchronous and/or channel estimated
CN1568634A (en) Methods, configuration and computer program having program code means and computer program product for determining a position of a mobile communications device within a communications network
CN1430363A (en) Equipment and method for controlling transmission power of down-link data channel
CN1922932A (en) Illumination control system
CN1291024A (en) Control method, movable station and mobile communication system for searching near district
CN101036313A (en) Power line communication methods and devices
CN1455538A (en) Soft switch-over method in CDMA system for multi-media broadcasting/organized broadcasting business
CN1216664A (en) Hand-over method
CN1902844A (en) Mobile communication terminal and radio communication system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C19 Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee