CN110261234B - Fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110261234B CN110261234B CN201910601545.0A CN201910601545A CN110261234B CN 110261234 B CN110261234 B CN 110261234B CN 201910601545 A CN201910601545 A CN 201910601545A CN 110261234 B CN110261234 B CN 110261234B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
Abstract
The invention provides a fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device and a method, which relate to the technical field of rock mechanics tests and comprise a base, a first end frame, a second end frame, a loading frame, a separation layer loading frame, a loading oil cylinder, an axial loading oil cylinder, a separation layer jack, a sensor and a bearing plate, wherein the loading frame and the separation layer loading frame are arranged between the first end frame and the second end frame, the loading oil cylinders which are oppositely arranged are respectively arranged on the loading frame in a first direction and a second direction, the axial loading oil cylinder is arranged on the first end frame along a third direction, the loading ends of the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder are connected with the loading sensor and the bearing plate, the separation layer jack is arranged between the separation layer loading frame and the loading frame, a rock test piece is placed in a loading space surrounded by the bearing plate, and the rock test piece is drilled with an anchor rod under the simulated ground stress condition by utilizing the device, effectively simulating the separation damage of the anchoring surrounding rock and the control effect of the anchoring of the anchor rod on the separation rock mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics tests, in particular to a fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device and a method for performing fractured rock mass separation layer simulation test by using the device.
Background
The anchor rod anchoring technology is widely applied to the fields of deep tunnel and large-span underground cavern support, dam foundation and dam abutment reinforcement of dams, rock-soil slope reinforcement, deep foundation pit retaining engineering, water delivery and traffic tunnels and the like due to simple process, economy and practicability. In the aspect of mineral exploitation, roof separation refers to the relative displacement between one point in the rock stratum of the roof of the roadway and a point in the rock stratum within a certain depth above the point. Along with the increase of the mining depth of underground resources, the ground temperature rises, and after the roadway is excavated, the ventilation generates larger temperature gradient and additional stress in the surrounding rock with a certain depth from the surface of the roadway, so that the surrounding rock is easy to generate separation, and the stability of the surrounding rock is also adversely affected. The roof separation is the external expression of the comprehensive effect of the factors such as ground stress, the mechanical property of surrounding rock, the structure of a surrounding rock body, the reinforcing parameter of an anchor rod, the section of the roadway and the like, and the roof separation value is a comprehensive index capable of predicting the stability of the roadway.
Most of the current research on roof separation is based on field data monitoring, and comprises two forms: the roof separation indicator monitoring instrument is a conventional roof separation monitoring instrument and is used for monitoring separation conditions in an anchoring range and outside the anchoring range, warning the deformation condition of a roof at any time and finding a roof instability warning early; the other is monitoring by a deep base point displacement meter, which can reflect the moving deformation condition of surrounding rocks at different depths and is particularly suitable for the stability research of anchoring engineering. However, the field monitoring of the roof separation data has the disadvantages of difficult monitoring, low accuracy, complex data extraction and analysis, and is not beneficial to quantitative analysis and theoretical research of the roof separation.
A large number of anchor rod supports are important reinforcement means in geotechnical engineering, and experiments and engineering researches show that the anchor rods can effectively reinforce surrounding rocks, and the high-performance anchor rod supports can transfer load distribution of a geotechnical body, so that stress in a support range is uniformly distributed, tensile damage caused by a weak interlayer is inhibited, and the bearing structure of the geotechnical body is improved. The anchor bolt support can form a composite beam structure, effectively reinforces the surrounding rock, reduces the span effect, maintains the surrounding rock structure, enhances the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, and plays an important role in controlling the separation of the roadway top plate. At present, the research on the top plate separation layer is mostly based on-site data monitoring, and accurate and reliable indoor test research data are lacked. On-site monitoring mainly comprises two forms: the roof separation indicator monitoring instrument is a conventional roof separation monitoring instrument and is used for monitoring separation conditions in an anchoring range and outside the anchoring range, warning the deformation condition of a roof at any time and finding a roof instability warning early; the other is monitoring by a deep base point displacement meter, which can reflect the moving deformation condition of surrounding rocks at different depths and is particularly suitable for the stability research of anchoring engineering. However, the field monitoring of the roof separation data has the disadvantages of difficult monitoring, low accuracy, complex data extraction and analysis, and is not beneficial to quantitative analysis and theoretical research of the roof separation. Based on the limitations of the existing field monitoring and indoor experimental research, the theoretical research of the stress of the anchor rod under the action of rock separation still does not reasonably consider the nonlinear characteristic of the shearing action of the anchoring interface, so that the stress characteristic of the elastic bonding stage of the anchor rod can only be well described, and the stress characteristic of the plastic deformation to the sliding damage stage of the anchor rod cannot be effectively reflected.
Aiming at the control effect of the anchor rod on the rock separation layer, for example, in the anchor rod anchoring technology, the anchor rod anchoring technology is widely applied to the fields of deep tunnel and large-span underground chamber support, dam foundation and dam abutment reinforcement of dams, rock slope reinforcement, deep foundation pit retaining engineering, water delivery and traffic tunnels and the like due to simple process and economical and practical properties.
When the anchor rod is adopted for supporting in a roadway, how to select an anchoring base point to further strengthen the existing anchoring area of the coal roadway roof to form a reliable bearing structure and form upward torque to eliminate the integral separation damage of the anchoring layer of the composite roof plate needs to further research the separation damage form and the damage mechanism of the anchoring rock mass of the anchor rod, so that the theoretical basis for realizing the safety control of the separation crushing roof plate by using a high-performance prestressed anchor rod, a roof plate small-aperture pretightening force anchor cable and the like is obtained. However, theoretical research of the anchor rod anchoring technology is also limited by the existing research method and test equipment, quantitative analysis of the reinforcing mechanism of the anchor rod supporting surrounding rock is not realized, and especially simulation of the separation layer damage of the anchored rock body is not reasonably realized. The existing indoor anchor rod anchoring simulation test device needs to be further improved, so that the actual separation layer situation of the anchor rod anchoring rock body can be better reduced, and the separation layer mechanism and characteristics, the support mechanism of the anchor rod and the support capability method can be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to carry out an anchor rod setting test of a rock test piece under the simulated ground stress condition, effectively simulate a roadway surrounding rock separation layer and the separation layer damage characteristics of anchor rod anchoring surrounding rock, the invention provides a fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device and method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the fissure rock separation anchoring control simulation test device comprises a base, a first end frame, a second end frame, a loading frame, a separation loading frame, a loading oil cylinder, an axial loading oil cylinder, a separation jack and a bearing plate, wherein the loading frame and the separation loading frame are arranged between the first end frame and the second end frame, the bottom of the separation loading frame is clamped with a chute on a through groove of the base, the loading frame and the separation loading frame are respectively provided with the loading oil cylinders which are oppositely arranged in the first direction and the second direction, the axial loading oil cylinder is arranged on the first end frame along the third direction, the loading ends of the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder are connected with the bearing plate, the separation jack is arranged between the separation loading frame and the loading frame, and a rock test piece is placed in a loading space defined by the bearing plate.
Preferably, a stress sensor is arranged between the loading oil cylinder and the bearing plate; a stress sensor is arranged between the axial loading oil cylinder and the bearing plate; and displacement sensors are arranged on the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder.
Still preferably, the upper surface of the base is provided with a through groove in the middle, and a section of sliding groove is arranged on the side of the through groove; the depth of the through groove is larger than the exposed length of the loading oil cylinder after installation; the first end frame, the second end frame, the loading frame and the off-layer loading frame are connected through the support columns, two ends of the support columns are fixedly connected with the first end frame and the second end frame, and the support columns penetrate through the four corners of the loading frame and the off-layer loading frame.
Preferably, the middle part of the first end frame is provided with an axial loading oil cylinder along a third direction for loading the rock test piece, and the first end frame is fixed on the base; a gap is reserved between the second end frame and the adjacent off-layer loading frame, and a passing space of the rock test piece is reserved in the center of the second end frame.
It is also preferred that the off-level loading frame is provided with 1 or more than 1, the off-level loading frame being provided adjacent to the second end frame; the separation layer loading frame is connected with the support column through a sliding bearing, and lubricating oil is coated between the support column and the separation layer loading frame.
Further preferably, the four corners between the separation loading frame and the adjacent loading frame are provided with separation jacks for synchronous loading, and the separation jacks push the separation loading frame to move along the sliding groove.
More than 1 loading frame is preferably arranged on one side close to the first end frame, the loading width of each loading frame is equal or has a difference of 30-150 mm, a loading oil cylinder arranged on each loading frame independently loads a rock test piece, and the maximum distance between each separation layer loading frame and the loading frame is smaller than the maximum length of the separation layer jack.
A fractured rock mass separation layer simulation test method utilizes the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device, and comprises the following steps:
step A1Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, or manufacturing a simulation test piece by taking site rocks, polishing the surface of the simulation test piece to be flat, matching the size of the simulation test piece with the size of a space defined by the bearing plate, putting the test piece into a loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame, and adjusting the designed separation position to be aligned with a gap between the separation loading frame and the loading frame;
step B1Loading the simulation test piece by the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder simultaneously to simulate the ground stress of the actual roadway;
step C1And slowly loading the separation jack, and recording the stress, displacement and damage conditions of the test piece in the loading process.
A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test method utilizes the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device, and comprises the following steps:
step A2Making a simulation test piece of similar material, or making a simulation test piece by taking site rocks, and polishing the surface of the simulation test pieceLeveling, wherein the size of the simulation test piece is matched with the size of the space defined by the bearing plate, and the test piece is placed into the loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame;
step B2Simultaneously loading the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder to the simulation test piece to simulate the ground stress of an actual roadway, drilling an anchor rod hole on the simulation test piece from one side of the second end frame along a third direction through the anchor rod drilling machine, and recording the torque, the rotating speed and the drilling speed of the anchor rod drilling machine and the stress, deformation and damage conditions of the simulation test piece in the drilling process;
step C2And simultaneously guiding the anchor rod and the anchoring agent into the drill hole, fixing the anchor rod through the anchor rod tray and the nut after the anchoring agent is solidified, and applying pretightening force to complete anchoring.
A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test method utilizes the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device, and comprises the following steps:
step A3Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, or manufacturing a simulation test piece by taking site rocks, polishing the surface of the simulation test piece to be flat, matching the size of the simulation test piece with the size of a space defined by the bearing plate, and placing the test piece into a loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame;
step B3Loading the simulation test piece by the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder simultaneously, simulating the ground stress of the actual roadway, and drilling an anchor rod hole on the simulation test piece from one side of the second end frame along the third direction by the anchor rod drilling machine;
step C3Simultaneously introducing an anchor rod and an anchoring agent into the drill hole, fixing the anchor rod through an anchor rod tray and a nut after the anchoring agent is solidified, and applying pretightening force to complete anchoring so as to obtain an anchor rod anchoring rock test piece;
step D3And slowly loading the separation jack, and recording the stress, displacement and damage conditions of the rock test piece in the loading process.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) according to the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device provided by the invention, the simulation of the stress condition of the roadway surrounding rock subjected to the hollow five-surface loading on one rock test piece can be realized through the hydraulic oil cylinders arranged on the first end frame and the loading frame, and the anchor rod can be arranged under the condition of the actual surrounding rock stress simulation to simulate the arrangement process of the anchor rod; the simulation of the roadway surrounding rock separation layer is realized through the cooperation of the separation layer loading frame and the separation layer jack, and the separation layer simulation can be carried out on the anchored rock test piece, so that a test method and a basis are provided for the anchoring mechanism of the anchor rod and the theoretical research on the damage of the anchoring surrounding rock separation layer.
(2) The loading frame of the device can realize two-dimensional plane loading on the rock test piece by arranging the loading oil cylinders, and each loading oil cylinder can better simulate the real stress condition by respectively loading and cooperating; the axial loading oil cylinders can realize axial loading perpendicular to the two-dimensional plane, the stress condition of surrounding rocks in the direction of the anchor rod is simulated, the loading oil cylinders are arranged in pairs, the eccentricity of a rock test piece can be corrected under the combined action, and the drilled holes of the anchor rod can be kept at the axis position of the testing machine in the test; the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder are loaded in five directions, so that the actual surrounding rock ground stress environment simulation of five-surface loading and one-surface facing air of the test piece is realized.
(3) The through groove on the base facilitates the installation of the loading frame and the separation loading frame, and the separation loading frame is matched with the sliding groove on the through groove so as to facilitate the movement of the separation loading frame in the test process; the loading frame is better fixed through the support column and the first end frame, and a bearing arranged between the separation layer loading frame and the support column facilitates the loading of the separation layer jack, so that the friction is reduced; a plurality of loading frames are arranged to respectively and independently load through loading oil cylinders, and are in synergistic action, and the difference of loading widths is set, so that a complex ground stress environment can be effectively simulated; in addition, when the separation test is carried out, the axial loading oil cylinder and the separation jack act simultaneously, and the separation damage of the rock mass is effectively simulated.
(4) The device is used for carrying out simulation tests, and comprises a separation test method of a rock test piece, so that the separation condition of surrounding rocks in a roadway can be simulated, the stress and displacement characteristic relation in the separation process is quantitatively analyzed, and the device is applied to theoretical research of roof separation; the test method for anchoring the rock mass by the anchor rod utilizes the characteristic that the test device better simulates the real ground stress environment of the surrounding rock, and the method for realizing the test by the device is simpler and more convenient to operate; the separation layer simulation test method of the anchor rod anchoring rock mass is used for performing the separation layer simulation test of the anchoring rock mass on the basis of the anchor rod anchoring test, the test can be repeatedly performed, and the method has the advantages of flexible operation control, practical fitting engineering and the like, and the indoor test has important significance for theoretical research of anchor rod anchoring performance and roof separation layer anchoring characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the test device;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the test device;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the trial in a third orientation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a base structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first end frame and stanchion mounting arrangement;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the second end frame;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the loading frame and loading cylinder mounting arrangement;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a delamination loading frame structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a delaminating jack;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a loading configuration for delamination testing;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the delaminating principle of a rock test piece;
in the figure: 1-a base; 2-a first end frame; 3-a second end frame; 4-loading the frame; 5-a delamination loading frame; 6-loading the oil cylinder; 7-axial loading of the oil cylinder; 8-a separation jack; 9-a pressure bearing plate; 10-a pillar; 11-a through slot; 12-a chute; 13-a rock test piece; 14-anchor rod; 15-sliding bearing.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides a fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test apparatus and method.
The roof separation layer is the external expression of the comprehensive effect of factors such as ground stress, surrounding rock mechanical property and the like, and the roof separation layer value is a comprehensive index capable of predicting the stability of the roadway. At present, the research on the roof separation layer is mostly based on-site data monitoring, but the on-site monitoring research has the defects of low data accuracy, high monitoring interference and the like, and the indoor test simulation of the roof separation layer is beneficial to the reinforcing mechanism research of the anchor rod supporting surrounding rock and realizes quantitative analysis, and has important significance on the theoretical research of the roof separation layer and the anchor rod anchoring.
Example 1
A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device is shown in figures 1 to 4, and structurally comprises a base 1, a first end frame 2, a second end frame 3, a loading frame 4, a separation layer loading frame 5, a loading oil cylinder 6, an axial loading oil cylinder 7, a separation layer jack 8 and a bearing plate 9. Through the hydraulic cylinder 6 that sets up on first end frame 2 and the loading frame 4, can realize that one face empty tunnel country rock atress condition simulation to rock test piece 13 five-sided loading, can set up the stock under this condition of actual country rock atress simulation, the setting process of simulation stock 14, the cooperation through absciss layer loading frame 5 and absciss layer jack 8 has realized the simulation to the tunnel country rock absciss layer, and can carry out the absciss layer simulation to the rock test piece after the anchor, provide test method and theoretical foundation for the theoretical research of stock anchor mechanism and anchor country rock absciss layer destruction.
Wherein be provided with loading frame 4 and separation layer loading frame 5 between first end frame 2 and the second end frame 3, the bottom of separation layer loading frame 5 and the spout 12 block on the logical groove 11 of base move along this spout 12, and spout 12 also has spacing effect to separation layer loading frame 5. The loading frame 4 and the separation layer loading frame 5 are respectively provided with loading oil cylinders 6 which are oppositely arranged in a first direction and a second direction, so that four-side loading on a two-dimensional plane of the loading frame 4 is realized, and the first end frame 2 is provided with an axial loading oil cylinder 7 in a third direction, so that loading in the direction of the anchor rod 14 is realized. The first direction is an X-axis direction, the second direction is a Y-axis direction, and the third direction is a Z-axis direction. The loading ends of the loading oil cylinder 6 and the axial loading oil cylinder 7 are connected with a bearing plate 9, the loading oil cylinder 6 and the axial loading oil cylinder 7 respectively perform loading synergy to load a test piece, a separation layer jack 8 is arranged between the separation layer loading frame 5 and the loading frame 4, the separation layer jack 8 is loaded to drive the test piece to simulate a separation layer, and a rock test piece 13 is placed in a loading space defined by the bearing plate 9.
As shown in fig. 5, a through groove 11 is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the base 1, a section of sliding groove 12 is provided on the edge of the through groove 11, the length of the sliding groove 12 is slightly larger than the loading width of the separation layer loading frame, and the width is the length along the arrangement direction of the anchor rod 14. A stress sensor is arranged between the loading oil cylinder and the bearing plate, a stress sensor is arranged between the axial loading oil cylinder and the bearing plate, displacement sensors are arranged on the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder, and the displacement sensors can be pushing lead screws for monitoring displacement or installing LVDT displacement sensors. The depth of the through groove 11 is larger than the exposed length of the loading oil cylinder 6 after installation, so that the installation is convenient. The first end frame 2, the second end frame 3, the loading frame 4 and the off-layer loading frame 5 are connected through a support column 10, as shown in fig. 1 and 6, two ends of the support column 10 are fixedly connected with the first end frame 2 and the second end frame 3, and the support column 10 penetrates through the four corners of the loading frame 4 and the off-layer loading frame 5, so that the stability of the whole device is ensured. The middle part of the first end frame 2 is provided with an axial loading oil cylinder along the third direction to load the rock test piece, and the first end frame 2 can be fixed on the base 1. A gap is reserved between the second end frame 3 and the adjacent off-layer loading frame 5, a baffle can be further arranged at the exposed end of the off-layer loading frame 5 to reinforce a test piece, and a passing space of a rock test piece 13 is reserved at the center of the second end frame 3, so that the test piece is convenient to mount and test.
As shown in fig. 1, 8 and 9, the number of the delamination loading frames 5 is 1 or more than 1, wherein 1 can only simulate one delamination, a plurality of delamination loading frames 5 can simulate a plurality of complex delamination conditions, and the delamination loading frames 5 are arranged near the second end frame; the separation layer loading frame 5 is connected with the support column 10 through a sliding bearing 15, and lubricating oil is coated between the support column 10 and the separation layer loading frame 5, so that friction elimination test errors are reduced. As shown in fig. 2 and 10, the delamination jacks 8 for synchronous loading are arranged at four corners between the delamination loading frame 5 and the adjacent loading frame 4, the delamination jacks 8 push the delamination loading frame 5 to move along the sliding grooves, the high-precision displacement stress sensor is arranged on the bearing plate 9 to monitor displacement and stress change in the loading process, and the delamination jacks 8 are also provided with displacement and stress sensors to monitor the stress and displacement of the delamination. More than 1 loading frame 4 can be arranged on one side close to the first end frame 2, the loading width of each loading frame 4 is equal or has a difference of 30-150 mm, a loading oil cylinder 6 arranged on each loading frame 4 independently loads the rock test piece 13, further more complex ground stress environment can be simulated, the maximum distance between the off-layer loading frame 5 and the loading frame 4 is smaller than the maximum length of the off-layer jack, and normal loading of the off-layer is guaranteed.
The utility model provides a fissure rock mass absciss layer test method, utilizes foretell fissure rock mass absciss layer anchor control analogue test device, can simulate tunnel surrounding rock atress condition under the ground stress condition of reality to the absciss layer of tunnel surrounding rock, the stress, the displacement and the rock damage condition of monitoring and record tunnel surrounding rock absciss layer, its step includes:
step A1Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, wherein the simulation test piece of the similar material is a similar material test piece manufactured by using materials such as waste rock, sand, gypsum, lime, cement and the like according to a certain proportion; or the site rock is taken to manufacture a simulation test piece, the surface of the simulation test piece is polished to be flat, the size of the simulation test piece is matched with the size of a space defined by the bearing plate, the test piece is placed into a loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame, and the designed separation layer position is adjusted to be aligned with a gap between the separation layer loading frame and the loading frame, so that the separation layer is simulated at a reasonable position.
Step B1And simultaneously loading the simulation test piece by the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder, and simulating the actual roadway ground stress according to the ground stress condition determined by the test scheme.
Step C1And slowly loading the separation jack, driving the rock test piece to separate at the designed separation position by the separation loading frame, recording the stress, displacement and damage conditions of the test piece in the loading process, and further researching the separation mechanism by analyzing monitoring data.
Example 2
A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device is shown in figures 1 to 4, and structurally comprises a base 1, a first end frame 2, a second end frame 3, a loading frame 4, a separation layer loading frame 5, a loading oil cylinder 6, an axial loading oil cylinder 7, a separation layer jack 8 and a bearing plate 9. Wherein be provided with loading frame 4 and separation layer loading frame 5 between first end frame 2 and the second end frame 3, the bottom of separation layer loading frame 5 and the spout 12 block on the logical groove 11 of base move along this spout 12, and spout 12 also has spacing effect to separation layer loading frame 5. The loading frame 4 and the separation layer loading frame 5 are respectively provided with loading oil cylinders 6 which are oppositely arranged in a first direction and a second direction, so that four-surface loading on a two-dimensional plane of the loading frame 4 is realized, and the first end frame 2 is provided with an axial loading oil cylinder 7 along a third direction, so that loading along the direction of the anchor rod 14 is realized. The first direction is an X-axis direction, the second direction is a Y-axis direction, and the third direction is a Z-axis direction. The loading ends of the loading oil cylinder 6 and the axial loading oil cylinder 7 are connected with a bearing plate 9, the loading oil cylinder 6 and the axial loading oil cylinder 7 are respectively loaded, the synergistic effect is that a test piece is loaded, and each of the loading oil cylinder 6 and the axial loading oil cylinder 7 is provided with a displacement sensor and a stress sensor. A separation jack 8 is arranged between the separation loading frame 5 and the loading frame 4, the separation jack 8 is loaded to drive a test piece to simulate separation, and a rock test piece 13 is placed in a loading space defined by the bearing plate 9.
The upper surface of the base 1 is provided with a through groove 11 in the middle, a section of sliding groove 12 is arranged on the edge of the through groove 11, the length of the sliding groove 12 is slightly larger than the loading width of the separation layer loading frame, and the width is the length along the setting direction of the anchor rod 14. The depth of the through groove 11 is larger than the exposed length of the loading oil cylinder 6 after installation, so that the installation is convenient. Connect through pillar 10 between first end frame 2, the second end frame 3, loading frame 4 and the off-level loading frame 5, and second end frame 3, loading frame 4 and off-level loading frame 5 detachable are installed on the pillar, and the both ends of pillar 10 are connected fixedly with first end frame 2 and second end frame 3, and pillar 10 passes from the four corners position of loading frame 4 and off-level loading frame 5 to guarantee the holistic stability of device. The middle part of the first end frame 2 is provided with an axial loading oil cylinder along the third direction to load the rock test piece, and the first end frame 2 can be fixed on the base 1. A gap is reserved between the second end frame 3 and the adjacent off-layer loading frame 5, a baffle can be further arranged at the exposed end of the off-layer loading frame 5 to reinforce a test piece, and a passing space of a rock test piece 13 is reserved at the center of the second end frame 3, so that the test piece is convenient to mount and test.
The number of the delamination loading frames 5 is 2 or more, the delamination loading frames 5 can simulate a plurality of complex delamination conditions, particularly can simulate multiple delamination, and the delamination loading frames 5 are arranged close to the second end frame; the separation layer loading frame 5 is connected with the support column 10 through a sliding bearing 15, and lubricating oil is coated between the support column 10 and the separation layer loading frame 5, so that friction elimination test errors are reduced. The four corners position between separation loading frame 5 and the adjacent loading frame 4 is provided with separation jack 8 of synchronous loading, and separation jack 8 promotes separation loading frame 5 and removes along the spout, sets up displacement stress transducer monitoring loading in-process displacement and the change of stress of high accuracy on the bearing plate 9, and separation jack 8 also is provided with displacement and stress transducer and monitors the stress and the displacement condition of separation. The loading frames 4 can be arranged on one side close to the first end frame 2 in a plurality of ways, the loading width of each loading frame 4 is equal or has a difference of 30-150 mm, the loading oil cylinder 6 arranged on each loading frame 4 independently loads the rock test piece 13, further more complex ground stress environment can be simulated, the maximum distance between the separation loading frame 5 and the loading frame 4 is smaller than the maximum length of the separation jack, and the normal loading of the separation is ensured.
A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test method drills an anchor rod drilling hole and sets an anchor rod for anchoring under the condition of simulating an actual ground stress condition, and the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device is utilized, and comprises the following steps:
step A2Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, wherein the simulation test piece of the similar material is a similar material test piece manufactured by using materials such as waste rock, sand, gypsum, lime, cement and the like according to a certain proportion; or the site rock is taken to manufacture a simulation test piece, the surface of the simulation test piece is polished to be flat, the size of the simulation test piece is matched with the size of the space defined by the bearing plate, and the test piece is placed into the loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame.
Step B2Simultaneously loading the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder to the simulation test piece to simulate the ground stress of an actual roadway, drilling an anchor rod hole on the simulation test piece from one side of the second end frame along a third direction through the anchor rod drilling machine, and recording the torque, the rotating speed and the drilling speed of the anchor rod drilling machine and the stress, deformation and damage conditions of the simulation test piece in the drilling process;
step C2And simultaneously guiding the anchor rod and the anchoring agent into the drill hole, fixing the anchor rod through the anchor rod tray and the nut after the anchoring agent is solidified, and applying pretightening force to complete anchoring.
On the basis, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, a further fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test method utilizes the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device, and comprises the following steps:
step A3Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, wherein the simulation test piece of the similar material is a similar material test piece manufactured by using materials such as waste rock, sand, gypsum, lime, cement and the like according to a certain proportion; or the site rock is taken to manufacture a simulation test piece, the surface of the simulation test piece is polished to be flat, the size of the simulation test piece is matched with the size of the space defined by the bearing plate, and the test piece is placed into the loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame.
Step B3And simultaneously loading the simulation test piece by the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder, simulating the ground stress of the actual roadway, and drilling an anchor rod hole on the simulation test piece from one side of the second end frame along the third direction by the anchor rod drilling machine.
Step C3And simultaneously introducing the anchor rod and the anchoring agent into the drill hole, fixing the anchor rod through the anchor rod tray and the nut after the anchoring agent is solidified, applying pretightening force, and finishing anchoring to obtain the anchor rod anchoring rock test piece.
Step D3And slowly loading the separation jack, and recording the stress, displacement and damage conditions of the rock test piece in the loading process. Specifically, according to a test scheme and a test device, one side of a separation layer can be loaded only through a group of separation layer jacks, the rock test piece after anchoring is enabled to be separated under the driving of a separation layer loading frame, and the tunnel anchor is simulatedAnd after the anchoring, the situation that the anchor rod fails due to delamination and even delamination occurs. Or the separation layer test is carried out for multiple times, the test device is large enough, and on the basis that a plurality of separation layer loading frames are arranged, the separation layer loading frames are loaded one by one to complete multiple times of separation layer simulation, and the phenomenon that multiple times of separation layer occur on the top plate of the actual anchor rod anchoring roadway is simulated.
It can be seen from examples 1 and 2 that a plurality of types of simulation tests can be carried out using this test apparatus, wherein the application tests of the test apparatus have not yet been described, which also reflects the feature of the flexible use of the apparatus as a whole. The test method comprises a separation test method of a rock test piece, can simulate the separation condition of surrounding rocks in a roadway, quantitatively analyzes the stress and displacement characteristic relation in the separation process, and is applied to the theoretical research of roof separation; the test method for the anchor rod anchoring rock mass utilizes the test device to better simulate the real surrounding rock ground stress environment, and the method for realizing the test through the device is simpler and more convenient to operate; the separation layer simulation test method of the anchor rod anchoring rock mass is used for performing the separation layer simulation test of the anchoring rock mass on the basis of the anchor rod anchoring test, the test can be repeatedly performed, and the method has the advantages of flexible operation control, practical fitting engineering and the like, and the indoor test has important significance for theoretical research of anchor rod anchoring performance and roof separation layer anchoring characteristics.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device is characterized by comprising a base, a first end frame, a second end frame, a loading frame, a separation layer loading frame, a loading oil cylinder, an axial loading oil cylinder, a separation layer jack and a bearing plate; a loading frame and a separation layer loading frame are arranged between the first end frame and the second end frame, the bottom of the separation layer loading frame is clamped with a chute on a through groove of the base, loading oil cylinders which are oppositely arranged are respectively arranged on the loading frame and the separation layer loading frame in the first direction and the second direction, an axial loading oil cylinder is arranged on the first end frame along the third direction, loading ends of the loading oil cylinders and the axial loading oil cylinders are connected with a bearing plate, a separation layer jack is arranged between the separation layer loading frame and the loading frame, and a rock test piece is placed in a loading space defined by the bearing plate; and the four corners between the separation loading frame and the adjacent loading frame are provided with separation jacks for synchronous loading, and the separation jacks push the separation loading frame to move along the sliding groove.
2. The fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein a stress sensor is arranged between the loading oil cylinder and the bearing plate; a stress sensor is arranged between the axial loading oil cylinder and the bearing plate; and displacement sensors are arranged on the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder.
3. The fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein a through groove is formed in the middle of the upper surface of the base, and a section of sliding groove is formed in the edge of the through groove; the depth of the through groove is larger than the exposed length of the loading oil cylinder after installation; the first end frame, the second end frame, the loading frame and the separation layer loading frame are connected through the support columns, two ends of the support columns are fixedly connected with the first end frame and the second end frame, and the support columns penetrate through the four corners of the loading frame and the separation layer loading frame.
4. The fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device according to claim 3, wherein an axial loading oil cylinder is arranged in the middle of the first end frame along a third direction to load the rock test piece, and the first end frame is fixed on the base; a gap is reserved between the second end frame and the adjacent off-layer loading frame, and a passing space of the rock test piece is reserved in the center of the second end frame.
5. The fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device according to claim 3, wherein 1 or more than 1 separation layer loading frame is arranged, and the separation layer loading frame is arranged close to the second end frame; the separation layer loading frame is connected with the support column through a sliding bearing, and lubricating oil is coated between the support column and the separation layer loading frame.
6. The fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein more than 1 loading frame is arranged on one side close to the first end frame, the loading width of each loading frame is equal or different by 30-150 mm, a loading oil cylinder arranged on each loading frame independently loads a rock test piece, and the maximum distance between each separation layer loading frame and each loading frame is smaller than the maximum length of a separation layer jack.
7. A fractured rock mass separation layer simulation test method, which utilizes the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device of any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A1Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, or manufacturing a simulation test piece by taking site rocks, polishing the surface of the simulation test piece to be flat, matching the size of the simulation test piece with the size of a space defined by the bearing plate, putting the test piece into a loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame, and adjusting the designed separation position to be aligned with a gap between the separation loading frame and the loading frame;
step B1Loading the simulation test piece by the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder simultaneously to simulate the ground stress of the actual roadway;
step C1And slowly loading the separation jack, and recording the stress, displacement and damage conditions of the test piece in the loading process.
8. A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test method, which utilizes the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device of any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A2Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, or manufacturing a simulation test piece by taking site rocks, polishing the surface of the simulation test piece to be flat, matching the size of the simulation test piece with the size of a space defined by the bearing plate, and placing the test piece into a loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame;
step B2Simultaneously loading the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder to the simulation test piece to simulate the ground stress of an actual roadway, drilling an anchor rod hole on the simulation test piece from one side of the second end frame along a third direction through the anchor rod drilling machine, and recording the torque, the rotating speed and the drilling speed of the anchor rod drilling machine and the stress, deformation and damage conditions of the simulation test piece in the drilling process;
step C2And simultaneously guiding the anchor rod and the anchoring agent into the drill hole, fixing the anchor rod through the anchor rod tray and the nut after the anchoring agent is solidified, and applying pretightening force to complete anchoring.
9. A fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test method, which utilizes the fractured rock mass separation layer anchoring control simulation test device of any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A3Manufacturing a simulation test piece of a similar material, or manufacturing a simulation test piece by taking site rocks, polishing the surface of the simulation test piece to be flat, matching the size of the simulation test piece with the size of a space defined by the bearing plate, and placing the test piece into a loading space defined by the bearing plate from the second end frame;
step B3Loading the simulation test piece by the loading oil cylinder and the axial loading oil cylinder simultaneously, simulating the ground stress of the actual roadway, and drilling an anchor rod hole on the simulation test piece from one side of the second end frame along the third direction by the anchor rod drilling machine;
step C3Simultaneously introducing an anchor rod and an anchoring agent into the drill hole, fixing the anchor rod through an anchor rod tray and a nut after the anchoring agent is solidified, and applying pretightening force to complete anchoring so as to obtain an anchor rod anchoring rock test piece;
step D3And slowly loading the separation jack, and recording the stress, displacement and damage conditions of the rock test piece in the loading process.
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Application publication date: 20190920 Assignee: BEIJING MUTI-MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Assignor: SHANDONG University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980035356 Denomination of invention: Simulation Test Device and Method for Anchorage Control of Fractured Rock Mass Separation Layer Granted publication date: 20220329 License type: Common License Record date: 20230509 |