CN110261234A - Crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110261234A CN110261234A CN201910601545.0A CN201910601545A CN110261234A CN 110261234 A CN110261234 A CN 110261234A CN 201910601545 A CN201910601545 A CN 201910601545A CN 110261234 A CN110261234 A CN 110261234A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device and methods, it is related to rock mechanics experiment technical field, including pedestal, first end-rack, second end-rack, loading frame, absciss layer loading frame, load cylinder, axially loaded oil cylinder, absciss layer jack, sensor and bearing plate, loading frame and absciss layer loading frame are provided between first end-rack and the second end-rack, loading frame is respectively arranged with load cylinder positioned opposite in the first direction and a second direction, third direction is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder in first end-rack, the loading end of load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder is connected with load transducer and bearing plate, absciss layer jack is provided between absciss layer loading frame and loading frame, rock sample is placed in the load space that bearing plate surrounds, using the device under the conditions of simulated ground stress, it carries out Rock sample is drilled with anchor rod experiment, and the absciss layer of effective simulation anchoring country rock destroys and the anchor rod anchored control action to absciss layer rock mass.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mechanics experiment technical field, especially a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test
Device, and the method for carrying out crack rock absciss layer simulation test using the device.
Background technique
Anchor rod anchored technology is widely used in deep tunnel and Large Span Underground due to simple process and economical and practical
Cavern support, the dam foundation of dam and dam abutment reinforcing, geotechnical slope reinforcing, deep basal pit retaining engineering and water delivery and access tunnel etc.
Field.In terms of exploitation of mineral resources, roof delamination refers to any in back rock stratum and certain in rock stratum in its top certain depth
The relative shift of point.As subterranean resource mining depth increases, ground temperature is increased, after roadway excavation, due to divulging information away from tunnel
Biggish temperature gradient and additional stress are generated in the country rock of surface certain depth, are easy that country rock is made to generate absciss layer, this also will be right
Adjoining rock stability brings adverse effect.Roof delamination is crustal stress, coffer mechanics property, encloses rock mass structure, bolt anchorage parameter, lane
The external manifestation of the factors comprehensive function such as road section, roof delamination value, therefore roof delamination value, which are one, can predict that tunnel is steady
Qualitative overall target.
Be at present the data monitoring based on scene, including two kinds of forms mostly to the research of roof delamination: one kind is top plate
Absciss layer indicator monitoring, it is the conventional instrument of roof delamination monitoring, to monitor anchoring range in and anchoring range outside from
Layer situation can warn the deformation of top plate at any time and find top plate unstability omen early；Another kind is that deep base point displacement meter is supervised
It surveys, it can reflect the movement and deformation situation of different depth country rock, the stability study of especially suitable anchoring engineering.But top plate from
There is monitoring difficulty in the monitoring at layer data scene, accuracy is not high, and data extraction and analysis is complicated, be unfavorable for quantifying for roof delamination
Analysis and theoretical research.
A large amount of suspension roof supports are reinforcing means important in geotechnical engineering, and test and engineering research show that anchor pole can have
The reinforcing country rock of effect, high- effective bolting supporting can shift the load distribution of Rock And Soil, divide the stress within the scope of supporting uniformly
Cloth inhibits tensile failure caused by weak intercalated layer, improves the bearing structure of Rock And Soil.Suspension roof support can form combination beam knot
Structure, effective reinforcement country rock reduce span effect, safeguard surrounding rock structure, enhance bearing capacity of the wall rock, in control roadway roof absciss layer
Aspect important role.Currently, being the data monitoring based on scene mostly to the research of roof delamination, lack precisely reliable
Laboratory test data.Field monitoring mainly includes two kinds of forms: one kind is that instrument of roof separation monitors, it be top plate from
The conventional instrument of layer monitoring can warn the change of top plate to monitor the absciss layer situation in anchoring range and outside anchoring range at any time
Shape situation simultaneously finds top plate unstability omen early；Another kind is that deep base point displacement meter monitors, it can reflect different depth country rock
Movement and deformation situation, the stability study of especially suitable anchoring engineering.But there is monitoring in the monitoring at roof delamination data scene
Difficulty, accuracy is not high, and data extraction and analysis is complicated, is unfavorable for the quantitative analysis and theoretical research of roof delamination.Based on existing
The limitation of field monitoring and laboratory test research, rock mass absciss layer acts on the theoretical research of lower bolt stress, still without reasonably examining
The nonlinear characteristic of anchoring interface shearing effect is considered, so that it is only capable of portraying the stress spy that anchor pole elasticity coheres the stage well
Property, it still cannot effectively reflect the stress characteristic of its plastic deformation to sliding rupture stage.
For anchor pole to the control action of rock mass absciss layer, such as in anchor rod anchored technology since simple process and economy are real
With being widely used in deep tunnel and large-span underground chamber supporting, the dam foundation of dam and dam abutment reinforced, geotechnical slope adds
Gu, deep basal pit retaining engineering and the fields such as water delivery and access tunnel.
When in tunnel using suspension roof support, how to choose anchoring basic point and then strengthen the existing anchorage zone of butt entry roof, shape
At reliable bearing structure, the whole absciss layer destruction that upward torque eliminates compound roof anchor layer is formed, is needed to anchor pole
Bolted Rock Masses absciss layer failure mode and failure mechanism is further is studied, to obtain using performance prestressed high anchor pole, top
Plate small-bore pretightning force anchor cable etc. realizes the theoretical foundation of the security control of absciss layer broken roof.But anchor rod anchored technology
Theoretical research is also limited by existing research method and testing equipment, and the reinforcement mechanism of suspension roof support country rock not yet realizes quantitative point
Analysis, the simulation destroyed in particular for the absciss layer of Bolted Rock Masses are not yet rationally realized.It needs to the existing anchor rod anchored mould in interior
Quasi- experimental rig is further to be improved, so as to preferably restore the absciss layer actual conditions of anchor rod anchored rock mass, study from
The supporting mechanism and support capacity method of layer mechanism and feature and anchor pole.
Summary of the invention
In order to carry out the anchor pole of rock sample under the conditions of simulated ground stress, test is set, it is effective simulate roadway surrounding rock from
The absciss layer destructive characteristics of layer and anchor rod anchored country rock, the present invention provides a kind of simulations of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting to try
Experiment device and method, specific technical solution are as follows:
Crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device, including pedestal, the first end-rack, the second end-rack, loading frame,
Absciss layer loading frame, load cylinder, axially loaded oil cylinder, absciss layer jack and bearing plate, between the first end-rack and the second end-rack
It is provided with loading frame and absciss layer loading frame, the bottom of absciss layer loading frame engages with the sliding slot on pedestal through slot, loads frame
Frame and absciss layer loading frame are respectively arranged with load cylinder positioned opposite in the first direction and a second direction, in the first end-rack
Third direction is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder, the loading end of load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder is connected with bearing plate, absciss layer
Absciss layer jack is provided between loading frame and loading frame, rock sample is placed on the load space that the bearing plate surrounds
It is interior.
Preferably, strain gauge is provided between load cylinder and bearing plate；Axially loaded oil cylinder and bearing plate it
Between be provided with strain gauge；Displacement sensor is provided on load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder.
It is also preferred that the upper surface of pedestal is provided with through slot at middle part, one section of sliding slot is provided on the side of through slot；Through slot
Depth be greater than load cylinder installation after protruded length；First end-rack, the second end-rack, loading frame and absciss layer loading frame it
Between connected by pillar, the both ends of pillar are connected and fixed with the first end-rack and the second end-rack, and pillar adds from loading frame and absciss layer
The corner location for carrying frame passes through.
The rock sample is carried out it is also preferred that axially loaded oil cylinder is arranged along third direction in the middle part of the first end-rack
Load, the first end-rack are fixed on pedestal；Gap, the second end-rack are installed between second end-rack and adjacent absciss layer loading frame
Center pass through space there are rock sample.
It is also preferred that absciss layer loading frame is provided with 1 or more than one, absciss layer loading frame is set up close to second end
It sets；It is connected between absciss layer loading frame and pillar by sliding bearing, is coated with lubricating oil between pillar and absciss layer loading frame.
It may further be preferable that the corner location between absciss layer loading frame and adjacent loading frame is provided with synchronous add
The absciss layer jack of load, absciss layer jack push absciss layer loading frame to move along the chute.
It may further be preferable that loading frame has 1 arrangement above close to the first end-rack side, each loading frame
Load width is equal or differs 30~150mm, and the load cylinder being arranged on each loading frame is independent to load rock sample, from
Maximum spacing between layer loading frame and loading frame is less than the maximum length of absciss layer jack.
A kind of crack rock absciss layer simulation experiment method simulates examination using a kind of above-mentioned crack rock absciss layer support with bolting
Experiment device, step include:
Step A1The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, will simulate surface of test piece
It polishes flat, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and test specimen is put into bearing plate from the second end-rack
In the load space surrounded, the gap between adjusted design separating location and absciss layer loading frame and loading frame is aligned；
Step B1Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate practical tunnel crustal stress simultaneously to simulation test specimen load；
Step C1Absciss layer jack Slow loading records stress, displacement and the degree of impairment of test specimen in loading procedure.
A kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation experiment method utilizes a kind of above-mentioned crack rock absciss layer anchor of right
Solid controlling simulation test device, step include:
Step A2The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, will simulate surface of test piece
It polishes flat, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and test specimen is put into bearing plate from the second end-rack
The load space surrounded；
Step B2Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder are simulated practical tunnel crustal stress, are led to simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
It crosses jumbolter and beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from the second end-rack side, record anchor pole in boring procedure and bore
The torque of machine, revolving speed, rate of penetration and stress, deformation and the degree of impairment of simulating test specimen；
Step C2Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring.
A kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation experiment method anchors control using a kind of above-mentioned crack rock absciss layer
Simulation test device processed, step include:
Step A3The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, will simulate surface of test piece
It polishes flat, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and test specimen is put into bearing plate from the second end-rack
The load space surrounded；
Step B3Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder are simulated practical tunnel crustal stress, are led to simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
It crosses jumbolter and beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from the second end-rack side；
Step C3Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample；
Step D3Absciss layer jack Slow loading records the stress of rock sample in loading procedure, displacement and damage feelings
Condition.
The beneficial effect comprise that
(1) crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device provided by the invention passes through the first end-rack and load frame
The roadway surrounding rock stress condition simulation that empty five faces load is faced to rock sample one may be implemented in the hydraulic cylinder being arranged on frame,
Anchor pole can be set under conditions of practical force-bearing of surrounding rock mass simulation, simulate anchor pole setting up procedure；By absciss layer loading frame and
The cooperation of absciss layer jack realizes the simulation to roadway surrounding rock separation layer, and can carry out absciss layer to the rock sample after anchoring
Simulation, this is anchor rod anchored mechanism, and the theoretical research that anchoring surrounding rock separation layer destroys provides test method and foundation.
(2) it may be implemented to add the two-dimensional surface of rock sample by the way that load cylinder is arranged on the loading frame of the device
It carries, and each load cylinder loads respectively, truly stress condition can preferably be simulated by acting synergistically；Axially loaded oil cylinder
May be implemented vertically axially loaded with the two-dimensional surface, simulate force-bearing of surrounding rock mass situation on anchor pole direction, load cylinder at
Pair setting can with collective effect correct rock sample bias, armature boring can also be allowed to be maintained in test testing machine
Shaft core position；Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder load on five directions, to realize test specimen " load of five faces, one side
Face sky " practical country rock ground stress environment simulation.
(3) through slot on pedestal facilitates the installation of loading frame and absciss layer loading frame, absciss layer loading frame and through slot
On sliding slot match to facilitate test during absciss layer loading frame movement；It is preferably solid by pillar and the first end-rack
Loading frame is determined, the bearing being arranged between absciss layer loading frame and pillar facilitates the load of absciss layer jack, reduces and rub
It wipes；Multiple loading frames are arranged independently to be loaded by load cylinder, and act synergistically, and the difference of load width is set
Not, so as to effectively simulating complicated ground stress environment；In addition axially loaded oil cylinder and absciss layer thousand when carrying out absciss layer test
Jin is pushed up while being acted on, and the absciss layer for effectively simulating rock mass destroys.
(4) simulation test is carried out using the device, the absciss layer test method including rock sample can be simulated in tunnel and be enclosed
The absciss layer situation of rock, stress and displacement characteristic relationship during quantitative analysis absciss layer, the theoretical research applied to roof delamination；
The characteristics of experimental rig preferably simulates true country rock ground stress environment is utilized in the test method of anchor rod anchored rock mass,
And realizing the method for above-mentioned test by the device, the operation is more convenient；The absciss layer simulation experiment method of anchor rod anchored rock mass,
On the basis of anchor rod anchored test, the absciss layer simulation test of Bolted Rock Masses is carried out, which can also repeat, and have behaviour
Make control flexibly, the advantages that fitting engineering is practical, above-mentioned laboratory test is to anchor rod anchored performance and roof delamination anchor characteristics
Theoretical research is of great significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the front view of experimental rig；
Fig. 3 is the top view of experimental rig；
Fig. 4 is side view of the experimental rig along third direction；
Fig. 5 is base construction schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the first end-rack and pillar mounting structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the second end-rack；
Fig. 8 is loading frame and load cylinder mounting structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is absciss layer loading frame structural schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is absciss layer jack structure schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is the loading structure schematic diagram of absciss layer test；
Figure 12 is rock sample absciss layer schematic illustration；
In figure: 1- pedestal；The first end-rack of 2-；The second end-rack of 3-；4- loading frame；5- absciss layer loading frame；6- load oil
Cylinder；The axially loaded oil cylinder of 7-；8- absciss layer jack；9- bearing plate；10- pillar；11- through slot；12- sliding slot；13- rock sample；
14- anchor pole；15- sliding bearing.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 12, a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device provided by the invention and
Method specific embodiment is as follows.
Roof delamination is the external manifestation of the factors comprehensive function such as crustal stress and coffer mechanics property, and roof delamination value is
One can predict the overall target of Drift stability.It is at present the data monitoring based on scene mostly to the research of roof delamination,
But field monitoring research is low there are accurate data degree and the disadvantages of more is interfered in monitoring, the laboratory test simulation of roof delamination has
Quantitative analysis is studied and realized to the reinforcement mechanism for helping suspension roof support country rock, has to roof delamination and anchor rod anchored theoretical research
It is significant.
Embodiment 1
Crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, structure includes pedestal 1, first end
It frame 2, the second end-rack 3, loading frame 4, absciss layer loading frame 5, load cylinder 6, axially loaded oil cylinder 7, absciss layer jack 8 and holds
Pressing plate 9.By the hydraulic cylinder 6 being arranged on the first end-rack 2 and loading frame 4, may be implemented to load 13 5 face of rock sample
One faces empty roadway surrounding rock stress condition simulation, and anchor pole can be set under conditions of practical force-bearing of surrounding rock mass simulation, simulate
The setting up procedure of anchor pole 14 realizes the mould to roadway surrounding rock separation layer by the cooperation of absciss layer loading frame 5 and absciss layer jack 8
It is quasi-, and absciss layer simulation can be carried out to the rock sample after anchoring, it is that anchor rod anchored mechanism and anchoring surrounding rock separation layer destroy
Theoretical research test method and theoretical foundation are provided.
Loading frame 4 and absciss layer loading frame 5 are wherein provided between the first end-rack 2 and the second end-rack 3, absciss layer loads frame
The bottom of frame 5 engages with the sliding slot 12 on pedestal through slot 11, moves along the sliding slot 12, sliding slot 12 also has absciss layer loading frame 5
The effect of limit.Loading frame 4 and absciss layer loading frame 5 are respectively arranged with positioned opposite in the first direction and a second direction
Load cylinder 6 realizes that the four sides on 4 two-dimensional surface of loading frame loads, third direction is provided with axial direction in the first end-rack 2
Load cylinder 7 realizes the load along 14 direction of anchor pole.Wherein first direction is X-direction, and second direction is Y direction, third
Direction is Z-direction.The loading end of load cylinder 6 and axially loaded oil cylinder 7 is connected with bearing plate 9, and load cylinder 6 adds with axial
Carrying oil cylinder 7 and loading synergistic effect respectively is that test specimen loads, and it is very heavy to be provided with absciss layer between absciss layer loading frame 5 and loading frame 4
Top 8, the load of absciss layer jack 8 drive test specimen to simulate absciss layer, and rock sample 13 is placed in the load space that bearing plate 9 surrounds.
As shown in figure 5, the upper surface of pedestal 1 is provided with through slot 11 at middle part, one section of sliding slot is provided on the side of through slot 11
12, the length of sliding slot 12 is slightly larger than the load width of absciss layer loading frame, which is the length along 14 setting direction of anchor pole.Add
It carries and is provided with strain gauge between oil cylinder and bearing plate, be provided with strain gauge between axially loaded oil cylinder and bearing plate,
Displacement sensor is provided on load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder, displacement sensor can be pushing tow lead screw monitoring displacement or peace
Fill LVDT displacement sensor.The depth of through slot 11 is greater than the protruded length after load cylinder 6 is installed, to facilitate installation.First
It is connected between end-rack 2, the second end-rack 3, loading frame 4 and absciss layer loading frame 5 by pillar 10, as shown in figs. 1 and 6, pillar
10 both ends are connected and fixed with the first end-rack 2 and the second end-rack 3, and pillar 10 is from the quadrangle of loading frame 4 and absciss layer loading frame 5
Position passes through, to guarantee the stability of device entirety.Axially loaded oil cylinder pair is arranged along third direction in the middle part of first end-rack 2
Rock sample is loaded, and the first end-rack 2 can be fixed on pedestal 1.Second end-rack 3 and adjacent absciss layer loading frame 5 it
Between be installed with gap, baffle can also be arranged to reinforce test specimen in the exposed junction of absciss layer loading frame 5, and the center of the second end-rack 3 is stayed
Have rock sample 13 by space, facilitate installation and the test operation of test specimen.
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, absciss layer loading frame 5 is provided with 1 or more than one, wherein 1 is only capable of simulation one
A absciss layer, multiple absciss layer loading frames 5 can simulate the absciss layer situation of multiple complexity, and absciss layer loading frame 5 is close to the second end-rack
Setting；It is connected between absciss layer loading frame 5 and pillar 10 by sliding bearing 15, is applied between pillar 10 and absciss layer loading frame 5
There is lubricating oil, so that reducing friction eliminates test error.As shown in figs. 2 and 10, absciss layer loading frame 5 and adjacent load frame
Corner location between frame 4 is provided with the absciss layer jack 8 of synchronous load, and absciss layer jack 8 pushes absciss layer loading frame 5 along cunning
Slot is mobile, and displacement and stress variation in high-precision displacement stress sensor monitoring loading procedure, absciss layer are arranged on bearing plate 9
Jack 8 is also equipped with displacement and strain gauge and is monitored to the stress and misalignment of absciss layer.Loading frame 4 can have
For 1 arrangement above in the side close to the first end-rack 2, the load width of each loading frame 4 is equal or differs 30~150mm,
The load cylinder 6 being arranged on each loading frame 4 is independent to load rock sample 13, and then can simulate increasingly complex ground and answer
Force environment, maximum spacing between absciss layer loading frame 5 and loading frame 4 are less than the maximum length of absciss layer jack, guarantee from
The normal load of layer.
A kind of crack rock absciss layer test method is filled using a kind of above-mentioned crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test
It sets, roadway surrounding rock stress condition under the conditions of actual crustal stress can be simulated, and simulate the absciss layer of roadway surrounding rock, monitor and record
The stress of roadway surrounding rock separation layer, displacement and damage of rock situation, step include:
Step A1The simulation test specimen of analog material is made, equivalent material simulating test specimen is using spoil, sand, gypsum, stone
The materials such as ash, cement according to a certain ratio made of analog material test specimen；Or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen, test specimen will be simulated
Surface polishes flat, and simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and is put into test specimen from the second end-rack and holds
In the load space that pressing plate surrounds, the gap between adjusted design separating location and absciss layer loading frame and loading frame is aligned,
To simulate absciss layer in reasonable position.
Step B1Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder are simultaneously to simulation test specimen load, the ground determined according to testing program
Stress condition simulates actual tunnel crustal stress.
Step C1Absciss layer jack Slow loading, absciss layer loading frame drive rock sample at the separating location of design
Absciss layer records stress, displacement and the degree of impairment of test specimen in loading procedure, further studies absciss layer by research and application data
Mechanism.
Embodiment 2
A kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, structure include pedestal 1,
One end-rack 2, the second end-rack 3, loading frame 4, absciss layer loading frame 5, load cylinder 6, axially loaded oil cylinder 7, absciss layer jack 8
With bearing plate 9.Loading frame 4 and absciss layer loading frame 5, absciss layer load are wherein provided between the first end-rack 2 and the second end-rack 3
The bottom of frame 5 engages with the sliding slot 12 on pedestal through slot 11, moves along the sliding slot 12, sliding slot 12 is to absciss layer loading frame 5
There is limit.Loading frame 4 and absciss layer loading frame 5 are respectively arranged with positioned opposite in the first direction and a second direction
Load cylinder 6, realize four faces load on 4 two-dimensional surface of loading frame, be provided with along third direction in the first end-rack 2
Axially loaded oil cylinder 7 realizes the load along 14 direction of anchor pole.Wherein first direction is X-direction, and second direction is Y direction,
Third direction is Z-direction.The loading end of load cylinder 6 and axially loaded oil cylinder 7 is connected with bearing plate 9, load cylinder 6 and axis
It is loaded respectively to load cylinder 7, acts synergistically and loaded for test specimen, is respectively provided on each load cylinder 6 and axially loaded oil cylinder 7
There are displacement and strain gauge.Absciss layer jack 8, absciss layer jack 8 are provided between absciss layer loading frame 5 and loading frame 4
Load drives test specimen to simulate absciss layer, and rock sample 13 is placed in the load space that bearing plate 9 surrounds.
The upper surface of pedestal 1 is provided with through slot 11 at middle part, and one section of sliding slot 12 is provided on the side of through slot 11, sliding slot 12
Length is slightly larger than the load width of absciss layer loading frame, which is the length along 14 setting direction of anchor pole.The depth of through slot 11
Protruded length after being installed greater than load cylinder 6, to facilitate installation.First end-rack 2, the second end-rack 3, loading frame 4 and from
It is connected between layer loading frame 5 by pillar 10, the second end-rack 3, loading frame 4 and absciss layer loading frame 5 are removably installed
On pillar, the both ends of pillar 10 are connected and fixed with the first end-rack 2 and the second end-rack 3, and pillar 10 adds from loading frame 4 and absciss layer
The corner location for carrying frame 5 passes through, to guarantee the stability of device entirety.The middle part of first end-rack 2 is arranged along third direction
Axially loaded oil cylinder loads rock sample, and the first end-rack 2 can be fixed on pedestal 1.Second end-rack 3 with it is adjacent from
Gap is installed between layer loading frame 5, baffle can also be arranged to reinforce test specimen in the exposed junction of absciss layer loading frame 5, and second
There are rock samples 13 at the center of end-rack 3 by space, facilitates installation and the test operation of test specimen.
Absciss layer loading frame 5 is provided with 2 or more, and multiple absciss layer loading frames 5 can simulate the absciss layer of multiple complexity
Situation, can especially simulate multiple absciss layer, and absciss layer loading frame 5 is arranged close to second end frame；Absciss layer loading frame 5 and pillar
It is connected between 10 by sliding bearing 15, is coated with lubricating oil between pillar 10 and absciss layer loading frame 5, is eliminated to reduce friction
Test error.The absciss layer that corner location between absciss layer loading frame 5 and adjacent loading frame 4 is provided with synchronous load is very heavy
Top 8, absciss layer jack 8 push absciss layer loading frame 5 to move along the chute, and high-precision displacement stress sensing is arranged on bearing plate 9
Device monitors the displacement and stress variation in loading procedure, and absciss layer jack 8 is also equipped with displacement and strain gauge to absciss layer
Stress and misalignment are monitored.Loading frame 4 can have multiple sides for being positioned close to the first end-rack 2, each load
The load width of frame 4 is equal or differs 30~150mm, and the load cylinder 6 being arranged on each loading frame 4 is independent to try rock
Part 13 loads, and then can simulate increasingly complex ground stress environment, the maximum between absciss layer loading frame 5 and loading frame 4
Spacing is less than the maximum length of absciss layer jack, guarantees the normal load of absciss layer.
A kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation experiment method is bored in the case where simulating practically stress condition
If armature boring is simultaneously arranged anchor rod anchored, a kind of above-mentioned crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device is utilized, walks
Suddenly include:
Step A2The simulation test specimen of analog material is made, equivalent material simulating test specimen is using spoil, sand, gypsum, stone
The materials such as ash, cement according to a certain ratio made of analog material test specimen；Or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen, test specimen will be simulated
Surface polishes flat, and simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and is put into test specimen from the second end-rack and holds
The load space that pressing plate surrounds.
Step B2Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder are simulated practical tunnel crustal stress, are led to simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
It crosses jumbolter and beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from the second end-rack side, record anchor pole in boring procedure and bore
The torque of machine, revolving speed, rate of penetration and stress, deformation and the degree of impairment of simulating test specimen；
Step C2Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring.
On this basis, as is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12, further a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test
Method, using a kind of above-mentioned crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device, step includes:
Step A3The simulation test specimen of analog material is made, equivalent material simulating test specimen is using spoil, sand, gypsum, stone
The materials such as ash, cement according to a certain ratio made of analog material test specimen；Or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen, test specimen will be simulated
Surface polishes flat, and simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and is put into test specimen from the second end-rack and holds
The load space that pressing plate surrounds.
Step B3Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder are simulated practical tunnel crustal stress, are led to simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
It crosses jumbolter and beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from the second end-rack side.
Step C3Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample.
Step D3Absciss layer jack Slow loading records the stress of rock sample in loading procedure, displacement and damage feelings
Condition.Side absciss layer particularly can be carried out according to testing program and experimental rig and only pass through one group of absciss layer jack load,
So that absciss layer occurs for the rock sample after anchoring under the drive of one absciss layer loading frame, absciss layer occurs after simulating tunnel anchoring
The case where even absciss layer causes anchor pole to fail.Either repeatedly gradation absciss layer test, it is sufficiently large in experimental rig, and be provided with
On the basis of multiple absciss layer loading frames, it is practical anchor rod anchored to carry out the multiple absciss layer simulation of load completion for absciss layer loading frame one by one
There is a phenomenon where multiple absciss layers for the top plate in tunnel.
By embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 as it can be seen that the simulation test of multinomial type can be carried out using the experimental rig,
There are also the part not yet addressed, this also reflects the device and has on the whole flexibly uses the application test of middle experimental rig
Feature.The method of test includes the absciss layer test method of rock sample, can simulate the absciss layer situation of country rock in tunnel, quantitative
Analysis absciss layer during stress and displacement characteristic relationship, the theoretical research applied to roof delamination；The examination of anchor rod anchored rock mass
Proved recipe method is utilized the experimental rig and preferably simulates true country rock ground stress environment, and above-mentioned by device realization
The operation is more convenient for the method for test；The absciss layer simulation experiment method of anchor rod anchored rock mass, on the basis of anchor rod anchored test,
The absciss layer simulation test of Bolted Rock Masses is carried out, which can also repeat, and have operation control flexibly, and fitting engineering is practical
The advantages that, above-mentioned laboratory test is of great significance to the theoretical research of anchor rod anchored performance and roof delamination anchor characteristics.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device, which is characterized in that including pedestal, the first end-rack, second
End-rack, loading frame, absciss layer loading frame, load cylinder, axially loaded oil cylinder, absciss layer jack and bearing plate；Described first
Loading frame and absciss layer loading frame are provided between end-rack and the second end-rack, the bottom of the absciss layer loading frame and pedestal are logical
Sliding slot engaging on slot, the loading frame and absciss layer loading frame are respectively arranged with relatively in the first direction and a second direction
The load cylinder of arrangement is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder, the load cylinder and axial direction along third direction in first end-rack
The loading end of load cylinder is connected with bearing plate, is provided with absciss layer jack between the absciss layer loading frame and loading frame,
Rock sample is placed in the load space that the bearing plate surrounds.
2. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Strain gauge is provided between load cylinder and bearing plate；Stress biography is provided between the axially loaded oil cylinder and bearing plate
Sensor；Displacement sensor is provided on the load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder.
3. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described
The upper surface of pedestal is provided with through slot at middle part, and one section of sliding slot is provided on the side of through slot；The depth of the through slot is greater than load
Protruded length after oil cylinder installation；Pass through pillar between first end-rack, the second end-rack, loading frame and absciss layer loading frame
Connection, the both ends of pillar are connected and fixed with the first end-rack and the second end-rack, pillar from loading frame and absciss layer loading frame four
Angle Position passes through.
4. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described
The middle part of first end-rack is arranged axially loaded oil cylinder along third direction and loads to the rock sample, and the first end-rack is fixed on
On pedestal；Gap is installed between second end-rack and adjacent absciss layer loading frame, there are rocks at the center of the second end-rack
Test specimen passes through space.
5. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described
Absciss layer loading frame is provided with 1 or more than one, and absciss layer loading frame is arranged close to second end frame；The absciss layer loading frame
It is connected between pillar by sliding bearing, is coated with lubricating oil between pillar and absciss layer loading frame.
6. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Corner location between absciss layer loading frame and adjacent loading frame is provided with the absciss layer jack of synchronous load, and absciss layer is very heavy
Pushing tow moves absciss layer loading frame and moves along the chute.
7. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Loading frame has 1 arrangement above close to the first end-rack side, and the load width of each loading frame is equal or difference 30~
150mm, the load cylinder being arranged on each loading frame is independent to load rock sample, absciss layer loading frame and loading frame it
Between maximum spacing be less than absciss layer jack maximum length.
8. a kind of crack rock absciss layer simulation experiment method, using a kind of described in any item crack rocks of claim 1 to 7 from
Layer support with bolting simulation test device, which is characterized in that step includes:
Step A1The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, by simulation surface of test piece polishing
Smooth, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and test specimen is put into bearing plate from the second end-rack and is surrounded
Load space in, the gap between adjusted design separating location and absciss layer loading frame and loading frame is aligned；
Step B1Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate practical tunnel crustal stress simultaneously to simulation test specimen load；
Step C1Absciss layer jack Slow loading records stress, displacement and the degree of impairment of test specimen in loading procedure.
9. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation experiment method, is split using the described in any item one kind of claim 1 to 7
Gap rock mass absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device, which is characterized in that step includes:
Step A2The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, by simulation surface of test piece polishing
Smooth, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and test specimen is put into bearing plate from the second end-rack and is surrounded
Load space；
Step B2Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate practical tunnel crustal stress, pass through anchor simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
Bar drill machine beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from the second end-rack side, records jumbolter in boring procedure
Torque, revolving speed, rate of penetration and stress, deformation and the degree of impairment of simulating test specimen；
Step C2Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, is fixed by anchor rod pallet board and nut
Anchor pole simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring.
10. a kind of crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation experiment method, utilizes the described in any item one kind of claim 1 to 7
Crack rock absciss layer support with bolting simulation test device, which is characterized in that step includes:
Step A3The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, by simulation surface of test piece polishing
Smooth, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and test specimen is put into bearing plate from the second end-rack and is surrounded
Load space；
Step B3Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate practical tunnel crustal stress, pass through anchor simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
Bar drill machine beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from the second end-rack side；
Step C3Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, is fixed by anchor rod pallet board and nut
Anchor pole simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample；
Step D3Absciss layer jack Slow loading records stress, displacement and the degree of impairment of rock sample in loading procedure.
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Application publication date: 20190920 Assignee: BEIJING MUTI-MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Assignor: SHANDONG University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980035356 Denomination of invention: Simulation Test Device and Method for Anchorage Control of Fractured Rock Mass Separation Layer Granted publication date: 20220329 License type: Common License Record date: 20230509 |